dream

1
{
2
    "Aardvark": [
3
        "The aardvark is a medium-sized, nocturnal mammal.",
4
        "Aardvarks occupy grassland and savanna habitats in sub-Saharan Africa, preferring areas that have a large abundance of ants and termites year round.",
5
        "The lifespan of aardvarks is up to 18 years in the wild and up to 23 years in captivity.",
6
        "An aardvark's weight is typically between 60 and 80 kilograms (130\u2013180 lb). An aardvark's length is usually between 105 and 130 centimeters (3.4 and 4.3 ft), and can reach lengths of 2.2 meters (7 ft 3 in) when its tail (which can be up to 70 centimeters (28 in)) is taken into account. It is 60 centimeters (24 in) tall at the shoulder, and has a girth of about 100 centimeters (3.3 ft).",
7
        "Aardvarks have very thick skin and do not possess a fat layer. The thickness of the skin protects these animals from biting ants, and aardvarks may sleep in the ant nests they have recently excavated for feeding.",
8
        "While aardvarks have teeth (unlike other anteaters), they lack incisors and canines.",
9
        "The aardvark is nocturnal and is a solitary creature that feeds almost exclusively on ants and termites which it will dig out of their hills using its sharp claws and powerful legs. It can eat up to 50 thousands insects each night; the only fruit eaten by aardvarks is the aardvark cucumber.",
10
        "The running speed of an aardvark has not been officially documented but it is estimated to be able to run at speeds of which is around 38-42 km/h (23.5-26 mph).",
11
        "The aardvark is known to be a good swimmer and has been witnessed successfully swimming in strong currents.",
12
        "The aardvark excavates branching burrows, usually 2 to 3 meters (6.6 to 9.8 feet) long but sometimes up to 13 meters (42.6 feet), with several sleeping chambers. It abandons old burrows and digs new ones frequently, which thereby provides dens used by other species such as the African wild dog.",
13
        "The aardvark is a rather quiet animal. However, it does make soft grunting sounds as it forages and loud grunts as it makes for its tunnel entrance.",
14
        "The aardvark is currently listed as a species of least concern, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species.",
15
        "The aardvark is sometimes colloquially called \"African ant bear\", \"anteater\" (not to be confused with the South American anteater), or the \"Cape anteater\" after the Cape of Good Hope.",
16
        "The name \"aardvark\" comes from earlier Afrikaans (erdvark) and means \"earth pig\" or \"ground pig\", because of its burrowing habits.",
17
        "Aardvarks handle captivity well. The first zoo to have one was London Zoo in 1869, which had an animal from South Africa.",
18
        "In African folklore, the aardvark is much admired because of its diligent quest for food and its fearless response to soldier ants.",
19
        "The Egyptian god Set is usually depicted with the head of an unidentified animal, whose similarity to an aardvark has been noted in scholarship."
20
    ],
21
    "Abyssinian": [
22
        "Abyssinian cats affectionately referred to as Abys are short-haired elegant cats with a strong personality.",
23
        "Although the Abyssinian is one of the oldest known breeds, there continues to be speculation and controversy concerning its history.",
24
        "However, the origin of the Abyssinian is shrouded in mystery. Early cat books do not shed much light on the history of this breed because there were few or no records kept.",
25
        "It was thought that the first cat was brought to England by a British soldier, in 1868, after the English army had fought in Abyssinia (present day Ethiopia). It is believed that this cat, named \"Zula\" is the founder of the Abyssinian line.",
26
        "It was not until the 1930s that show-quality Abyssinians were exported from England \u2013 these cats form the basis of modern day breeding programs in America.",
27
        "World War II almost wiped out the Abyssinian cat population in the UK and a concerted effort was made to import Abyssinians from the US to bolster the breeding population.",
28
        "Since then, Abyssinian populations have grown rapidly and they've become one of the most popular cat breeds in the world.",
29
        "The Abyssinian cat has a typical lifespan of 9 to 15 years.",
30
        "The typical Abyssinian cat has an overall height of 20 to 25 cm (8 to 10 in) and body length of 30 to 41 cm (12 to 16). An average Abyssinian cat weighs between 4 and 5 kg (8 to 12 lb).",
31
        "The Abyssinian is a lithe cat with relatively slender legs and a long, tapering tail.",
32
        "Abyssinians are a popular breed thanks in large part to their unusual intelligence and generally extroverted, playful, willful personalities.",
33
        "With their interest in playing with their owners combined with their curious intelligence, Abyssinians are known as the \"Clowns of the Cat Kingdom\".",
34
        "In appearance, the Abyssinian kitten is basically a miniature adult. They tend to grow at an average rate and reach mature height at about 6 months, filling out and maturing to full size and weight at about one year old.",
35
        "Abyssinian kittens from recognized breeders will usually cost $1200 to $2200. Kittens with premium lineages, coming from famous breeders, will have a price, about $2200 to $5000.",
36
        "Abyssinian cats are one of the most popular short haired breeds found in the United States today.",
37
        "Somali cats are the same genetic stock as Abyssinians but are recessive for a gene responsible for long-hair."
38
    ],
39
    "Adelie Penguin": [
40
        "The primary food source for Adelie penguins is krill. They also consume fish, such as lantern fish and and Antarctic silverfish. Squid, other cephalopods, and amphipods are part of their normal diet as well.",
41
        "Adelie penguins have a thick layer of feathers and fat that keeps them warm. They also eat a lot to keep generating body heat."
42
    ],
43
    "Afghan Hound": [
44
        "The Afghan hound, known for its long, silky coat, is a breed of dog popular for its show-worthy qualities.",
45
        "In addition to their striking appearance, Afghan hounds are known for their independence and self-confidence, as well as their sweet, fairly quiet, and humorous nature around humans they are comfortable with.",
46
        "The average lifespan of the Afghan hound is 12 to 14 years.",
47
        "The Afghan Hound is tall, standing in height from 61 to 74 cm (24 to 29 in) and weighing from 20 to 27 kg (44 to 60 lb).",
48
        "Their face is long and skinny, with ears that drop down on the sides of their head. The Afghan Hound is tall and thin, with a long tail that curls and is held high up in the air.",
49
        "An aristocratic breed of hound dog, the Afghan hound was developed as a hunter in the hill country of Afghanistan, where it hunts by sight and has been used to pursue leopards and gazelles.",
50
        "Afghan hounds are considered one of nine ancient or \"basal\" breeds, meaning their DNA is more closely related to the dogs of ancient history than common contemporary breeds.",
51
        "It is hard to pin down exactly when the Afghan hound first appeared, as its presence predates written history \u2013 however one of the first published descriptions of the breed appeared in a drawing by English soldier Thomas Duer Broughton when he was in India in 1809.",
52
        "The Afghan hound was brought to Europe in the late 19th century by British soldiers returning from the Indian-Afghan border wars.",
53
        "In the mid-1920s, British military officers began bringing Afghan hounds to the West, and in 1927, the breed was registered by the American Kennel Club (AKC).",
54
        "The beauty of Afghan Hound dogs caused them to become highly desirable show dogs and pets.",
55
        "An Afghan hound was featured on the cover of Life Magazine, November 26 1945.",
56
        "Although seldom used today for hunting in Europe and America, where they are popular, Afghan Hounds are frequent participants in lure coursing events and are also popular in the sport of conformation showing.",
57
        "Afghan Hounds have scent glands that usually produce a musky but not malodorous scent.",
58
        "Their long, fine-textured coat requires considerable care and grooming. The long topknot and the shorter-haired saddle on the back of the dog are distinctive features of the Afghan Hound coat. The high hipbones and unique small ring on the end of the tail are also characteristics of the breed.",
59
        "Because of its distinctive appearance, the Afghan hound has been represented in animated feature films and TV shows, including Universal Pictures' Balto (Sylvie) and Disney's Lady and the Tramp II: Scamp's Adventure (Ruby), an Afghan hound also appeared on 101 Dalmatians as well as in 102 Dalmatians.",
60
        "Afghan hounds have also been featured in television advertisements and in fashion magazines.",
61
        "Afghan hound puppies from the normal breeding farms will cost between $2 thousands and $2500 per puppy. They usually have normal family records so they are mainly raised as pets. Afghan hound puppies from prestigious breeding farms will cost much higher, around $2500 to $5500."
62
    ],
63
    "African Bush Elephant": [
64
        "The African bush elephant also known as the African savanna elephant is one of three elephant species.",
65
        "The African bush elephant inhabits forests, grasslands and woodlands, wetlands and agricultural land.",
66
        "The maximum lifespan of the African bush elephant is between 70 and 75 years.",
67
        "The African bush elephant is the largest and heaviest land animal on Earth, being up to 3.96 m (13 ft) tall at the shoulder and an estimated weight of up to 10.4 t (11.5 short tons).",
68
        "The African bush elephant has creased grey skin that can be up to 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) thick on some parts of its body. And even though it's thick, an elephant's skin is also very sensitive to touch and sunburn. It is so sensitive that it can feel a fly landing on it.",
69
        "Both sexes have tusks, which erupt when they are 1\u20133 years old and grow throughout life. The longest known tusk of an African bush elephant measured 3.51 m (11.5 ft) and weighed 117 kg (258 lb).",
70
        "The African bush elephant have the largest brain of any land animal, and three times as many neurons as humans. The brain of an elephant weighs 4.5 to 5.5 kg (10 to 12 lb) compared to 1.6 kg (4 lb) for a human brain. While the elephant brain is larger overall, it is proportionally smaller.",
71
        "African bush elephants generally are slow moving creatures. Their regular pace is 6 km/h (4 mph) but, they can reach speeds of up to 24 km/h (15 mph) when running.",
72
        "How much they travel each day depends on the amount of resources in close proximity that they require. The average walking distance for African bush elephants is around 10 km (6 mi) a day. When resources are scarce, African bush elephants may travel as much as 40 km (25 mi) a day.",
73
        "Due to their size, African bush elephants are not easy prey for many predators. While lions, African wild dogs, hyenas, and Nile crocodiles are predators of African bush elephants, the majority of these predators prey on the young elephants that lag behind the rest of their group.",
74
        "Until recently, the African forest elephant was considered to be a subspecies of the African bush elephant, but new research discovered that they are actually a separate species entirely."
75
    ],
76
    "African Forest Elephant": [
77
        "The African forest elephant is one of three elephant species.",
78
        "The African forest elephant is found in several African countries including Gabon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon and Central African Republic, Ivory Coast, Liberia, and Ghana.",
79
        "The lifespan of the African forest elephant is between 60 and 70 years.",
80
        "The African forest elephant is the smallest of the three living elephant species.",
81
        "African forest elephants have a grey skin, which looks yellow to reddish after wallowing. They have sensitive skin and can be prone to sunburn, especially when young. Their wrinkled skin also helps in keeping them cool because water is trapped in the cracks and crevices, which then evaporates.",
82
        "The African forest elephant's tusks are straight and point downwards. Both male and female African elephants have tusks. The tusks are used to push through the dense undergrowth of their habitat. Their tusks can grow to about 1.5 meter (5 feet) long and can weigh between 50 and 100 lb (23 and 45 kg).",
83
        "The African forest elephant lives in family groups of up to 20 individuals. Family members look after calves together, called allomothering.",
84
        "African forest elephants are herbivorous, their diet is composed mainly of fruit, leaves, bark, and twigs of rainforest trees. To supplement their diet with minerals, they congregate at mineral-rich waterholes and mineral licks.",
85
        "African forest elephants have an extremely slow birth rate, putting them under greater pressure from poaching, research suggests. Scientists have found that the animals start to breed at a later age and with longer intervals between calves than other elephant species.",
86
        "Until recently, the African forest elephant was considered to be a subspecies of the African bush elephant, but new research discovered that they are actually a separate species entirely.",
87
        "African forest elephants are estimated to constitute up to one-third of the continent's elephant population, but have been poorly studied because of the difficulty in observing them through the dense vegetation that makes up their habitat."
88
    ],
89
    "African Penguin": [
90
        "The African penguin (Spheniscus demersus), also known as the jackass penguin and black-footed penguin, is a species of penguin.",
91
        "African penguins are found in colonies on 24 islands between Namibia and Algoa Bay, near Port Elizabeth, South Africa.",
92
        "The average lifespan of an African penguin is 10 to 27 years in the wild, and up to 30 in captivity.",
93
        "African penguin is one of the smallest species. They grow from 60 to 70 cm (24 to 28 in) tall and weight between 2.2 and 3.5 kg (4.9 and 7.7 lb).",
94
        "African penguins have a black stripe and black spots on the chest, the pattern of spots being unique for every penguin, like human fingerprints. The white and black plumage serves as camouflage to predators, with the white appearing to aquatic predators from below and the black appearing to aerial predators from above.",
95
        "The pink gland above their eyes helps them to cope with changing temperatures. When the temperature gets hotter, the body of the African penguin sends more blood to these glands to be cooled by the air surrounding it. This then causes the gland to turn a darker shade of pink.",
96
        "African penguins forage in the open sea, where they pursue pelagic fish such as sardines and anchovies and marine invertebrates such as squid and small crustaceans. A penguin may consume up to 540 grams (19 ounce) of prey every day, but this may increase to over 1 kg (2.2 lb) when raising older chicks.",
97
        "African penguins can swim up to 20 km/h (12.5 mph) and can travel 30 to 70 km (18.5 to 43.5 mi) during each trip. They spend the night gathered together on shore and much of the day feeding in the water.",
98
        "When penguins molt, they are unable to forage as their new feathers are not yet waterproof; therefore, they fast over the entire molting period, which in African penguins takes around three weeks.",
99
        "Predators of African penguins include sharks and fur seals. While nesting, gulls, mongooses, caracals, Cape genets and domestic cats may prey on the penguins and their chicks.",
100
        "In November 2013 the African penguin was listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.",
101
        "African penguins are believed to be one of the first penguin species to be discovered by humans."
102
    ],
103
    "African Wild Dog": [
104
        "The African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) is a member of the dog family (Canidae).",
105
        "African wild dogs are native to sub-Saharan Africa.",
106
        "The lifespan of the African wild dog is about 10 years in the wild and up to 13 years in captivity.",
107
        "The African wild dog is the bulkiest and most solidly built of African canids.",
108
        "The African wild dog differs from the rest of the members of the dog family in having only four toes on each foot.",
109
        "African wild dogs form incredibly strong social bonds with one another and are highly intelligent animals.",
110
        "African wild dogs packs size usually range from 15 to 60 or more.",
111
        "These animals are cooperative hunters, they hunt in packs led by the alpha male. African wild dog uses sight, not smell to find prey. Once they locate prey they begin to chase it. The chase can last for several kilometers and reach speeds up to 55 km/h (34 mph).",
112
        "The African Wild Dog is currently the second most endangered canid in Africa after the Ethiopian Wolf, and the most endangered carnivore in South Africa.",
113
        "The oldest African wild dog fossil dates back to 200 thousands years ago and was found in HaYonim Cave, Israel.",
114
        "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species classifies the African wild dog as endangered.",
115
        "African wild dogs are frequently mistaken as hyenas."
116
    ],
117
    "Airedale Terrier": [
118
        "The Airedale Terrier also called Bingley Terrier and Waterside Terrier, is a dog breed of the terrier type.",
119
        "In the mid-19th century, working-class people created the Airedale Terrier. ",
120
        "In 1886, the Kennel Club of England formally recognized the Airedale Terrier breed.",
121
        "The first imports of Airedale Terriers to North America were in the 1880s. The first Airedale to come to American shores was named Bruce. After his 1881 arrival, Bruce won the terrier class in a New York dog show.",
122
        "During World War I, the British military employed Airedale Terriers as sentries and couriers. Airedales carried messages between commanding officers and troops in the trenches. They also stood watch on the front lines and warned the troops when the enemy was approaching. The Red Cross also used Airedales as rescue dogs during the war."
123
    ],
124
    "Albatross": [
125
        "Albatrosses are large seabirds which belong to the biological family Diomedeidae.",
126
        "There are 22 species of albatross around the world.",
127
        "Most albatrosses are found in the Southern Hemisphere: Antarctica, Australia, South Africa, South America. Only three albatross species are found exclusively in the North Pacific (Hawaii, Japan, California and Alaska).",
128
        "Albatrosses spend over 80% of their life at sea, visiting land only for breeding.",
129
        "The oldest recorded albatross is a Laysan albatross named Wisdom that was ringed in 1956 as a mature adult and hatched another chick in February 2017, making her at least 66 years old. She is the oldest confirmed wild bird as well as the oldest banded bird in the world.",
130
        "Size of albatross depends on the species.",
131
        "The wandering albatross has the longest wingspan of any living bird, typically ranging from 2.51 to 3.5 m (8 ft 3 in to 11 ft 6 in). The longest-winged examples verified have been about 3.7 m (12 ft 2 in). The length of the body is about 107 to 135 cm (3 ft 6 in to 4 ft 5 in) with females being slightly smaller than males. Adults can weigh from 5.9 to 12.7 kg (13 to 28 lb).",
132
        "The Indian yellow-nosed albatross is among the smallest albatrosses. It weighs 2.55 kg (5.6 lb), is 76 cm (30 in) long and is 2 m (6.6 ft) across the wings.",
133
        "The adult plumage of most of the albatrosses is usually some variation of dark upper-wing and back with white undersides, often compared to that of a gull. Three albatross species, the black-footed albatross and the two sooty albatrosses, vary completely from the usual patterns and are almost entirely dark brown.",
134
        "Albatrosses have strong body, longish hooked bills, elongated legs and webbed feet.",
135
        "All albatrosses are very good at flying, spending much of their life in the air.",
136
        "Rather than flapping their wings to provide lift as most birds do, they glide on air currents. They use their formidable wingspans to ride the ocean winds and sometimes to glide for hours without rest or even a flap of their wings. When their wings are fully extended, they are locked into place by a tendon so that the albatross does not have to expend energy keeping its wings outstretched.",
137
        "A common assumption is that albatrosses must be able to sleep in flight, although no direct evidence has ever been obtained.",
138
        "At times the albatross will float on the sea's surface, though the position makes them vulnerable to aquatic predators.",
139
        "The albatross diet is predominantly squid, octopus, fish, krill, crabs, shrimps, and offal (organ meat), although they will also scavenge carrion and feed on other zooplankton.",
140
        "Albatrosses have no problem drinking sea water. The salt they take in is absorbed and moves through their blood stream into a pair of salt glands above their eyes. The densely salty fluid is excreted from the nostrils and runs down grooves in the bill. As the drop gets larger, the bird shakes its head to send the salt back to the ocean.",
141
        "Albatrosses are colonial, nesting for the most part on remote oceanic islands, often with several species nesting together. Pair bonds between males and females form over several years, with the use of \"ritualised dances\", and will last for the life of the pair.",
142
        "The single large white egg, laid on the bare ground or in a heaped-up nest, is incubated by the parents in turn. Incubation lasts around 70 to 80 days (longer for the larger albatrosses), the longest incubation period of any bird.",
143
        "Albatross chicks take a long time to fledge (learn how to fly). In the case of more bigger albatrosses, it can take up to 280 days.",
144
        "Albatross does not have a lot of natural enemies. Besides humans, main predator is tiger shark which hunts young birds that are learning to fly.",
145
        "Of the 22 species of albatross recognised by the IUCN, all are listed as at some level of concern; 3 species are Critically Endangered, 5 species are Endangered, 7 species are Near Threatened, and 7 species are Vulnerable.",
146
        "Longline fisheries pose the greatest threat, as feeding birds are attracted to the bait, become hooked on the lines, and drown. It is estimated that this kills more than 100 thousands albatrosses a year.",
147
        "Albatrosses have been described as \"the most legendary of all birds.\"",
148
        "There is a myth that sailors do not shoot or eat albatrosses because they think it will bring bad luck, but in reality sailors regularly killed and ate them, as reported by James Cook in 1772.",
149
        "The M\u0101ori people used the wing bones of the albatross to carve tattoos into their skin at ceremonies. They also used the wing bones of the albatross to carve flutes.",
150
        "Albatrosses were once hunted for their feathers, which were used to make hats.",
151
        "The name albatross is derived from the Arabic al-c\u00e2dous or al-\u0121a\u0163\u0163\u0101s (a pelican; literally, \"the diver\"), which travelled to English via the Portuguese form alcatraz (\"gannet\"), which is also the origin of the name of the former prison, Alcatraz.",
152
        "When people are sad or feel they are carrying a burden, they may use the expression \"to have an albatross around their neck.\"",
153
        "In golf, shooting three under par on a single hole has recently been termed scoring an \"albatross\", as a continuation on the birdie and eagle theme."
154
    ],
155
    "Alligator": [
156
        "Alligators are reptiles, that belong to the order Crocodilia.",
157
        "The name \"alligator\" is probably an anglicized form of el lagarto, the Spanish term for \"the lizard\", which early Spanish explorers and settlers in Florida called the alligator.",
158
        "There are two species of alligators: the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) and the Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis).",
159
        "Alligators are native to only the United States and China.",
160
        "American alligators are found in the southeast United States: all of Florida and Louisiana; the southern parts of Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi; coastal South and North Carolina; East Texas, the southeast corner of Oklahoma, and the southern tip of Arkansas. They are usually found in freshwater, slow-moving rivers. They are also found in swamps, marshes, and lakes.",
161
        "Chinese alligators are found in only the Yangtze River valley and parts of adjacent provinces and is extremely endangered, with only a few dozen believed to be left in the wild. Indeed, far more Chinese alligators live in zoos around the world than can be found in the wild.",
162
        "An average adult American alligator's weight and length is 360 kg (790 lb) and 4 m (13.1 ft), but they sometimes grow to 4.4 m (14 ft) long and weigh over 450 kg (990 lb). The largest ever recorded, found in Louisiana, measured 5.84 m (19.2 ft).",
163
        "The Chinese alligator is smaller, an adult length of only 1.5 m (5 ft) and a mass of 36 kg (80 lb.). Exceptionally large males have reached 2.1 m (7 ft) in length and 45 kg (100 lb) in weight.",
164
        "Though often confused with various crocodile species, the American alligator can be distinguished by its rounded snout, and by the fact that when the jaws are closed, none of the lower teeth are visible. The body is armoured with thick scales, and bears a long, powerful tail, as well as sturdy limbs with webbed toes, which help to propel this species through the water. The eyes and snout are positioned on the top of the head, enabling the American alligator to breathe and watch for prey, while the rest of the body is submerged.",
165
        "The Chinese alligator differs from its American counterpart in subtle ways. It's smaller, the head is more robust and its snout is slightly upturned. The eyelids of the Chinese alligator have a bony plate that is missing in the American alligator. The American alligator also lacks the bony belly plates, or osteoderms, of the Chinese alligator.",
166
        "Adult alligators are black or dark olive-brown with white undersides, while juveniles have strongly contrasting white or yellow marks which fade with age.",
167
        "The Chinese alligator has 72-76 teeth, whereas the American alligator has 74-80 teeth. Alligators are polyphyodonts (animal whose teeth are continuously replaced). An alligator can go through 3 thousands teeth in a lifetime.",
168
        "Alligators have extremely strong jaw muscles, which enable them to bite and grip their prey.",
169
        "The eyes of a large alligator will glow red and those of a smaller will glow green when a light is shined on them. This fact can be used to find alligators in the dark.",
170
        "Alligators are nocturnal creatures, which means they are more active at night. Primarily they do their hunting during this time as well; usually around dusk or sometime during the night. They carry out the process of hunting by laying motionless and waiting for their prey.",
171
        "Alligators are opportunistic feeders, eating almost anything they can catch. When young, alligators eat fish, insects, snails, crustaceans, and worms. As they mature, progressively larger prey is taken, including larger fish such as gar, turtles, and various mammals, particularly coypu and muskrat, as well as birds, deer, and other reptiles. Their stomachs also often contain gizzard stones.",
172
        "Large male alligators are solitary, territorial reptiles. Smaller alligators can often be found in large numbers in close proximity to each other. The largest of the species (both males and females), will defend prime territory whereas smaller alligators have a higher tolerance of other alligators within a similar size class.",
173
        "The mating season is in late spring. In April and May, alligators form so-called \"bellowing choruses\". Large groups of animals bellow together for a few minutes a few times a day, usually one to three hours after sunrise.",
174
        "Newly hatched young are very vulnerable. Their mother protects them from predators, which include raccoons, bobcats, birds, and even other alligators. The young alligators stay with their mother for about a year.",
175
        "The average lifespan of an alligator is about 50 years in the wild.",
176
        "The Chinese alligator is considered endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).",
177
        "The Chinese alligator is quite prolific in captivity and the estimated captive population exceeds 10 thousands individuals.",
178
        "The American alligator is listed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Historically, hunting had decimated their population, and the American alligator was listed as an endangered species by the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Subsequent conservation efforts have allowed their numbers to increase and the species was removed from the list in 1987.",
179
        "Alligators are raised commercially for their meat and their skin, which is used for bags and shoes. They also provide economic benefits through the ecotourism industry. Visitors may take swamp tours, in which alligators are a feature. Their most important economic benefit to humans may be the control of coypu and muskrats.",
180
        "Alligator meat is also consumed by humans. In 2010, the Archbishop of New Orleans ruled that for purposes of Catholic church discipline in relation to abstention from meat, the flesh of the alligator is characterised as fish.",
181
        "Since the late 1880s, alligator wrestling has been a source of entertainment for some. Created by the Miccosukee and Seminole tribes prior to the arrival of Europeans, this tourism tradition continues to persist despite criticism from animal rights activists.",
182
        "The American alligator is the largest reptile in the Western Hemisphere.",
183
        "The American alligator is the official state reptile of three states: Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi."
184
    ],
185
    "Alpaca": [
186
        "Alpaca is South American member of the camel family, Camelidae.",
187
        "There are two breeds of alpaca: the Suri alpaca and the Huacaya alpaca.",
188
        "The alpaca and the llama were both apparently domesticated several thousand years ago by the Indians of the Andes Mountains of South America. The other two lamoid species, the guanaco and vicu\u00f1a, exist basically in the wild state.",
189
        "Alpacas are kept in herds that graze on the level heights of the Andes of Southern Peru, Western Bolivia, Ecuador, and Northern Chile at an altitude of 3 thousands m (11 thousands ft) to 5 thousands meters (16 thousands ft) above sea level.",
190
        "The average lifespan of an alpaca is between 15 and 20 years, and the longest-lived alpaca on record is 27 years.",
191
        "Alpacas are readily distinguished from llamas by their smaller size; they stand approximately 90 cm (35 inches) high at the shoulder and weigh 55 to 65 kg (121 to 143 pounds).",
192
        "Like other lamoids, alpacas are slender-bodied animals with a long neck and legs, a short tail, a small head, and large, pointed ears.",
193
        "The alpaca's shaggy coat varies in color from the usual black or brown through lighter shades of gray and tan to pale yellow and, occasionally, white.",
194
        "Alpacas are social animals. They live in herds that are not only composed of other alpacas but also include other species such as llamas, goats, and sheep. Some research points to the existence of hierarchical social order in alpacas.",
195
        "Alpacas communicate through body language. The most common is spitting when they are in distress, fearful, or mean to show dominance.",
196
        "Alpacas produce a broad range of vocalizations. The most common is the humming vocalization, which is produced under a variety of circumstances, such as distress or a change in the environment.",
197
        "Alpacas are browsers who eat most varieties of plant life, including grass, foliage and palatable herbs. They have a split upper lip (like a rabbit) which enables them to cleverly nibble around long and sharp thorns. Their diet is similar to a goat, although they chew their cud like a cow, and their digestive system is somewhere between a horse and a cow. In addition to green plants and grass, they enjoy meadow and lucerne hay.",
198
        "Alpaca fiber is used for making knitted and woven items, similarly to sheep's wool. These items include blankets, sweaters, hats, gloves, scarves, a wide variety of textiles and ponchos in South America, and sweaters, socks, coats and bedding in other parts of the world. The fiber comes in more than 52 natural colors as classified in Peru, 12 as classified in Australia, and 16 as classified in the United States.",
199
        "During the period of Incan civilization, the wearing of robes made of alpaca and vicu\u00f1a fleeces was reserved for the nobility and royalty.",
200
        "Alpaca meat was once considered a delicacy by Andean inhabitants. It remains popular among some South American populations.",
201
        "The Moche people of Northern Peru often used alpaca images in their art."
202
    ],
203
    "Angelfish": [
204
        "Angelfish are one of the most attractive and fish species on Earth.",
205
        "Two unrelated groups of fish go by the name \"angelfish.\" This includes saltwater fish from the family Pomacanthidae and freshwater fish in the genus Pterophyllum, members of the cichlid family. These two fish come from very different habitats in very different parts of the world.",
206
        "Saltwater angelfish have come from a very large geographic range, spanning the tropical Atlantic, Indian and western Pacific oceans. Most marine angelfishes restrict themselves to the shallows of the reef, seldom venturing deeper than 50 meters (160 ft). The recently described Centropyge abei is known to inhabit depths of 150 m (490 ft).",
207
        "Freshwater angelfish are found across a large area in South America. Their range includes the countries of Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Peru and Brazil. They live in the drainage of several different river systems, including the Amazon, Negro and Orinoco rivers.",
208
        "Freshwater angelfish and saltwater angelfish have lifespan from 10 to 15 years.",
209
        "Freshwater angelfish grow to a length of about 15 cm (6 in). They are commonly silvery with vertical dark markings but may be solid or partially black; there are also many other color variations.",
210
        "Saltwater angelfish range in size from 15 to 60 cm (5.9 to 24 in). With their bright colors and deep, laterally compressed bodies, marine angelfishes are some of the more conspicuous residents of the reef.",
211
        "Freshwater angelfish are ambush predators and prey on small fish and macroinvertebrates while saltwater angelfish diet consists mainly of algae.",
212
        "Some species are saltwater angelfish solitary in nature and form highly territorial mated pairs; others form harems with a single male dominant over several females. As juveniles, some species may eke out a living as cleaner fish.",
213
        "All freshwater angelfish species form monogamous pairs. Eggs are generally laid on a submerged log or a flattened leaf. As is the case for other cichlids, brood care is highly developed.",
214
        "Angelfish are one of the most commonly kept freshwater aquarium fish, as well as the most commonly kept cichlid. They are prized for their unique shape, color and behavior.",
215
        "Most strains of freshwater angelfish available in the fishkeeping hobby are the result of many decades of selective breeding.",
216
        "The freshwater angelfish was described in 1824 by F. Schultze.",
217
        "It was not until the late 1920s to early 1930s that the angelfish was bred in captivity in the United States.",
218
        "The scientific name for freshwater angelfish \u2013 Pterophyllum is derived from the Greek \u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd, pteron meaning \"fin/sail\" and \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd, phyllon meaning \"leaf\".",
219
        "The scientific name for saltwater angelfish \u2013 Pomacanthidae; from the Greek \u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1, poma meaning \"cover\" and \u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1, akantha meaning \"thorn\"."
220
    ],
221
    "Ant": [
222
        "Antarctica, the southernmost continent and site of the South Pole, is a virtually uninhabited, ice-covered landmass.",
223
        "Antarctica is surrounded by the Southern Ocean.",
224
        "It is the fifth-largest continent at 14 thousands thousands square kilometers (5 thousands thousands square miles). For comparison, Antarctica is roughly the size of the United States and Mexico combined or about 1.3 times as large as Europe.",
225
        "About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 kilometer (1.2 mile) in thickness.",
226
        "Antarctica contains 90% of all of the ice on the planet and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water.",
227
        "Despite its thick ice, Antarctica is classified as a desert because so little moisture falls from the sky. It is the world's largest desert.",
228
        "Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent.",
229
        "Mount Vinson is the highest peak in Antarctica, with an elevation of 4 thousands meters (16 thousands feet).",
230
        "The lowest point in Antarctica is within the Bentley Subglacial Trench, which reaches 2 thousands meters below sea level. This is also the lowest place on Earth not covered by ocean (although it is covered by ice).",
231
        "In the winter Antarctica doubles in size due to the sea ice that forms around the coasts.",
232
        "The coldest temperature ever recorded on Earth was -89.2\u00b0C (-128.6\u00b0F), registered on July 21, 1983, at Antarctica's Vostok station.",
233
        "The highest temperature ever recorded in Antarctica was 17.5 \u00b0C (63.5 \u00b0F) at Hope Bay, on the Antarctic Peninsula, on 24 March 2015 .",
234
        "The total precipitation on Antarctica, averaged over the entire continent, is about 166 millimeters (6.5 inches) per year. About 200 millimeters (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The precipitation in Antarctica is mainly snow.",
235
        "The driest place on Earth is in Antarctica in an area called the Dry Valleys, which have seen no rain for nearly 2 million years. There is absolutely no precipitation in this region and it makes up a 4800 square kilometer (1 thousands square miles) region of almost no water, ice or snow.",
236
        "Antarctica has 17 thousands kilometers (11 thousands miles) of coastline and is mostly characterized by ice.",
237
        "Antarctica is divided by the Transantarctic Mountains into two regions, known as East and West Antarctica. East Antarctica, also called Greater Antarctica, constitutes the majority (two-thirds) of the Antarctic continent. West Antarctica is also known as Lesser Antarctica.",
238
        "There are a number of rivers and lakes in Antarctica, the longest river being the Onyx with only 32 kilometers (20 miles) in length.",
239
        "Lake Vostok is the largest of Antarctica's almost 400 known subglacial lakes. The surface of this fresh water lake is approximately 4 thousands m (13 thousands ft) under the surface of the ice. Measuring 250 km (160 mi) long by 50 km (30 mi) wide at its widest point, and covering an area of 12 thousands sq km (4 thousands sq mi) and an average depth of 432 m (1 thousands ft), it has an estimated volume of 5 thousands cubic kilometers (1 thousands cu mi). It is the world's sixth-largest lake by volume.",
240
        "There are at least two active volcanoes in Antarctica, Mount Erebus (3 thousands m/12 thousands ft) [photo below] is the highest and has a permanent molten lava lake. The other is on Deception Island, situated just north of the Antarctic Peninsula, a popular stop-off for tourist ships where it is possible to have a warm bath in the volcanically warmed waters while being surrounded by ice.",
241
        "Antarctica has no trees or bushes. Vegetation on the continent is composed of mosses, lichen, and algae.",
242
        "Antarctica's most famous inhabitants are penguins, of which the Emperor penguin and Ad\u00e9lie Penguin, are endemic to Antarctica. In addition, 6 species of seals and 8 species of whales can be found in Antarctic waters.",
243
        "The first explorer to gather evidence of Antarctica's existence was Captain James Cook between 1772 and 1775. It was not until subsequent expeditions (1819-1820) by William Smith and James Bransfield that the shore was sighted. It was another year before the American Captain John Davis actually landed on the continent.",
244
        "In 1977, Argentina sent a pregnant mother to Antarctica in an effort to claim a portion of the continent. The boy (born 7 January 1978) became the first human known to be born in Antarctica.",
245
        "There's a treaty signed by 38 countries that prohibits military activities, mineral mining, nuclear explosions and nuclear waste disposal in Antarctica.",
246
        "There are at least seven Christian churches in Antarctica.",
247
        "Discovery of microbes surviving without air beneath Antarctic strengthens hope of finding life on other planets. The organisms were found beneath an Antarctic glacier and had learned to survive on only the remnants of minerals and decomposing sea life in a briny pool sealed more than 400 meters (1 thousands feet) below the ice. Instead of breathing oxygen, they adapted to 'breathe' iron to produce energy.",
248
        "The largest icebergs (also referred to as ice islands) originate from the vast ice shelves surrounding Antarctica. The largest-known iceberg was from this region. It measured around 295 kilometers (183 mi) long and 37 kilometers (23 mi) wide, with a surface area of 11 thousands square kilometers (4 thousands sq mi) \u2014 larger than the whole island of Jamaica.",
249
        "If the Antarctic Ice Sheet melted, sea level would rise by 60 to 65 meters (200 to 210 feet).",
250
        "Millions of years ago, Antarctica had a much warmer climate and boasted evergreen forests and a variety of nimals. Fossils of this earlier period provide scientists with clues about life before Antarctica became a vast icy shelf.",
251
        "Antarctica is the only continent without a time zone.",
252
        "South America, the point of which is shared by Argentina and Chile, is the closest continent to Antarctica.",
253
        "The name 'Antarctica' comes from a Greek word meaning 'opposite to the north'.",
254
        "Antarctica is the best place in the world to find meteorites; the dark rocks stand out easily on the white backdrop.",
255
        "There are 2 ATM machines in Antarctica."
256
    ],
257
    "Anteater": [
258
        "Anteaters are unusual creatures that can be found in Central and South America.",
259
        "There are four species of of anteaters: giant anteater, silky anteater, northern tamandua and southern tamandua.",
260
        "They have a lifespan between 2 and 14 years in the wild, depending on species. The giant anteater can live up to 26 years in captivity.",
261
        "Anteaters vary in size according to their species. The giant anteater is up to 2.1 meters (7 feet) long including the tail; the silky anteater [photo below] is about 35 centimeters (14 inches) long; the southern tamandua is about 1.2 meters (3 ft 11 in) long and the northern tamandua of similar dimensions.",
262
        "All anteaters have elongated snouts equipped with a thin tongue that can be extended to a length greater than the length of the head; their tube-shaped mouths have lips but no teeth.",
263
        "The anteater's tongue is covered with thousands of tiny hooks called filiform papillae which are used to hold the insects together with large amounts of saliva.",
264
        "The anteater uses its sharp claws to tear an opening into an anthill and put its long snout and efficient tongue to work. Their long tongues are more than sufficient to lap up the 35 thousands ants and termites they swallow whole each day.",
265
        "But it has to eat quickly, flicking its tongue up to 160 times per minute. Ants fight back with painful stings, so an anteater may spend only a minute feasting on each mound.",
266
        "Anteaters never completely destroy a nest. The insects can repair their damage quickly and the anteater is able to return to the nest to feed again.",
267
        "Some anteaters, the tamandua and the silky anteater, ply their trade in the trees. They travel from branch to branch in search of tasty insects.",
268
        "In addition to ants and termites, anteaters also eat soft-bodied grubs, soft fruits and even birds' eggs.",
269
        "Anteaters have poor sight but an excellent sense of smell, and most species depend on the latter for foraging, feeding, and defence. Their hearing is thought to be good.",
270
        "All four types of anteater are mainly nocturnal (active during the night), but the giant anteater can also be diurnal (active during the day).",
271
        "Anteaters are mostly solitary mammals prepared to defend their territories.",
272
        "Female anteaters give birth to a single baby (twins are rare) after a gestation period between 120 to 190 days, depending on species.",
273
        "Little anteater stays with mother 2 years or until she becomes pregnant again. Mother carries the baby on her back during the first year.",
274
        "Anteaters sleep up to 15 hours per day.",
275
        "The main predators of anteaters are pumas, jaguars and humans.",
276
        "Anteaters are not aggressive but they can be fierce. A cornered anteater will rear up on its hind legs, using its tail for balance, and lash out with dangerous claws.",
277
        "The giant anteater's claws are some 10 centimeters (4 inches) long,and can fend off or even kill their main predators, big cats such as jaguars and pumas.",
278
        "All species except the giant anteater have a long prehensile tail (the tail of an animal that has adapted to be able to grasp or hold objects).",
279
        "The tongue on a giant anteater can protrude more than 60 centimeters (2 feet) to capture prey.",
280
        "With a body temperature fluctuating between 33 and 36\u00b0C (91 and 97\u00b0F), anteaters have among the lowest body temperatures of any mammal.",
281
        "The anteater's stomach, similar to a bird's gizzard, has hardened folds and uses strong contractions to grind the insects; a digestive process assisted by small amounts of ingested sand and dirt.",
282
        "Anteaters are very careful to avoid the dangerous and aggressive Soldier Ants.",
283
        "A group of anteaters is called a parade.",
284
        "The latin tearm for anteaters, Vermilingua means \"worm tongue\".",
285
        "The anteaters are more closely related to the sloths than they are to any other group of mammals. Their next closest relations are armadillos.",
286
        "The name \"anteater\" is also colloquially applied to the unrelated aardvark, numbat, echidnas, pangolins and some members of the Oecobiidae."
287
    ],
288
    "Antelope": [
289
        "Antelope Canyon is a slot canyon located on Navajo land east of Page, Arizona, United States.",
290
        "The mysterious and beautiful Antelope Canyon is one of the most spectacular slot canyons in the world.",
291
        "Antelope Canyon includes two separate, scenic slot canyon sections, referred to individually as Upper Antelope Canyon and Lower Antelope Canyon.",
292
        "In English, Upper Antelope Canyon [photo belw] is called \"The Crack\" but the Navajo know it as Ts\u00e9 bigh\u00e1n\u00edl\u00edn\u00ed or \"the place where water runs through rocks.\"",
293
        "Lower Antelope Canyon has been given the nickname \"The Corkscrew\" while the Navajo term referencing it is Hazdistaz\u00ed for \"spiral rock arches.\"",
294
        "Lower Antelope Canyon [photo belw] is located a few miles from Upper Antelope. This canyon is a little shallower than Upper Antelope Canyon and the famous light beams do not occur there as often as in the other.",
295
        "Prior to the installation of metal stairways, visiting Lower Antelope Canyon required climbing in certain areas. Even following the installation of stairways, it is a more difficult hike than Upper Antelope. It is longer, narrower in spots, and even footing is not available in all areas. Despite these limitations, it draws a considerable number of photographers, though casual sightseers are much less common there than in the Upper canyon.",
296
        "Antelope Canyon got its name from the pronghorn antelopes that once grazed in the area.",
297
        "Today, Antelope Canyon is a popular location for photographers and sightseers, and a source of tourism business for the Navajo Nation. It has been accessible by permit only since 1997, when the Navajo Tribe made it a Navajo Tribal Park.",
298
        "Antelope Canyon is the most-visited and most-photographed slot canyon in the Southwest America.",
299
        "On August 12, 1997, eleven tourists were killed in Lower Antelope Canyon by a flash flood. Very little rain fell at the site that day, but an earlier thunderstorm had dumped a large amount of water into the canyon basin, 11 kilometers (7 miles) upstream."
300
    ],
301
    "Arctic Fox": [
302
        "The Arctic Fox is a small white fox native to the Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere.",
303
        "The Arctic fox is also commonly known as the white fox, polar fox, or snow fox",
304
        "The Arctic fox is found in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Scandinavia, and Russia.",
305
        "In the summer, the arctic fox lives in the tundra at the edge of forest. In the winter, it is found on ice floes where its white coat serves as camouflage.",
306
        "The Arctic Fox is well adapted to living in cold environments.",
307
        "The arctic fox has a thick, multi-layered fur coat that provides excellent insulation against the cold.",
308
        "Like a cat's, this fox's thick tail aids its balance. But for an arctic fox the tail is especially useful as warm cover in cold weather. They use their thick bushy tail to wrap around themselves.",
309
        "The arctic fox is dark gray to brown to bluish-brown in the summer. In the winter, its fur is white or creamy white.",
310
        "The lifespan of the Arctic Fox is from 3 to 6 years in the wild and up to 14 years in captivity.",
311
        "Arctic foxes do not hibernate and are active all year round.",
312
        "Arctic foxes have a great sense of smell and excellent hearing. Their small, pointy ears can hear their prey moving around in underground tunnels. When an Arctic fox hears its next meal scurrying under the snow, it leaps into the air and pounces, breaking through the layer of snow right onto the prey underneath.",
313
        "Arctic foxes generally eat any small animal they can find, including lemmings, voles, other rodents, hares, birds, eggs, fish, and carrion.",
314
        "Arctic foxes live in large dens. These are complex systems of tunnels covering as much as 1 thousands square meters(10 thousands square feet). They have multiple entrances and may have been in existence for many decades and used by many generations of foxes.",
315
        "Arctic foxes live a communal and nomadic life, often forming small bands to scavenge for food.",
316
        "Arctic foxes tend to form monogamous pairs in the breeding season and maintain a territory around the den. Breeding usually takes place in April and May, and the gestation period is about 52 days. Litters tend to average 5 to 8 kits, but exceptionally contain as many as 25 (the largest litter size in the order Carnivora).",
317
        "The only natural predators of adult Arctic foxes are humans, polar bears and wolves. Arctic fox cubs are more vulnerable, and their natural predators include large birds of prey that live in the same habitat, such as snowy owls.",
318
        "Sometimes to get food an Arctic Fox will follow behind a polar bear and scavenge on scraps.",
319
        "When their ranges overlap, the red fox will compete with the Arctic fox for den sites driving them out of the region.",
320
        "An Arctic Fox can survive in extremely low temperatures, sometimes reach as low as -50 \u00b0C (-58 \u00b0F)!",
321
        "The Arctic fox can run at the speed of around 48 kilometers (30 miles) per hour.",
322
        "The Arctic fox is the only land mammal native to Iceland. It came to the isolated North Atlantic island at the end of the last ice age, walking over the frozen sea.",
323
        "The Arctic fox was impacted tremendously by the fur trade because of its extremely high quality pelt. It's still hunted now for its fur, particularly by native populations who live in close proximity to them. The fur trade has decreased dramatically and the Arctic fox is not as vulnerable to overexploitation as it once was."
324
    ],
325
    "Arctic Hare": [
326
        "The Arctic hare (Lepus arcticus), or polar rabbit, is a species of hare.",
327
        "There are four subspecies of the Arctic hare: \u2022 Lepus arcticus arcticus \u2022 Lepus arcticus banksii \u2022 Lepus arcticus groenlandicus \u2022 Lepus arcticus monstrabili",
328
        "The Arctic hare is predominantly found on the hillsides and rocky areas of Arctic tundra, where there is no tree cover.",
329
        "The Arctic hare may be found at elevations between 0 (sea level) and 900 meters (2 thousands feet).",
330
        "The Arctic hare is well adapted to living in cold environments.",
331
        "The Arctic hare survives with shortened ears and limbs, a small nose, body fat that makes up 20% of its body, and a thick coat of fur.",
332
        "The Arctic hare has long claws, especially on its hind legs. It uses its claws to dig in packed snow.",
333
        "The thick white fur provides both warmth and camouflage against the Arctic hare's snowy surroundings. The black fur on the ear tips may be a way of keeping the sensitive ear tips warmer when the sun is shining.",
334
        "The Arctic hare's eyes, which can see almost 360 degrees around without its having to move its head, have round pupils and reddish-brown irises.",
335
        "The Arctic hare has black eyelashes which protect its eyes from damaging effects of sun glare during the winter.",
336
        "The Arctic hare has an excellent sense of smell that helps it find food buried under the ice and snow.",
337
        "Arctic hares do not hibernate and are active all year round.",
338
        "The Arctic hare is one of the world's largest hares.",
339
        "The female Arctic hare is larger than the male.",
340
        "The lifespan of the Arctic hare is from 3 to 5 years in the wild. They do not survive well in captivity, living only a year and a half at most.",
341
        "Arctic Hares are often solitary animals, but they will also form groups of hundreds or even thousands of hares at times. Unlike many mammals, Arctic hare groups disperse rather than form during mating season.",
342
        "The Arctic hare is a herbivore, and specifically a folivore (leaf-eating animal).",
343
        "The Arctic Hare's incisors (front teeth) never stop growing throughout its life.",
344
        "The Arctic hare can run up to 60 kilometers per hour (37 mph).",
345
        "Arctic hares avoid predators by being very fast runners and fairly good swimmers. They can hop away from danger while standing on their hind legs. The resulting tracks might confuse predators.",
346
        "Arctic hares communicate with each other via snapping, boxing, scratching, and by moving their ears. Male and female arctic hares show affection by licking or scratching.",
347
        "Mating season for arctic hares is in the spring, usually during April and May. Mating pairs establish territories of their own. Males will sometimes mate with more than one female in a season.",
348
        "The Arctic Hare's predators are the Arctic wolf, gray wolf, Arctic fox, red fox, Canada lynx, ermine, snowy owl, gyrfalcon, rough-legged hawk, and humans.",
349
        "Arctic hares are hunted for their meat and pelts by those who live in their range, but they are not considered endangered.",
350
        "Traditionally, the arctic hare has been important to Native Americans. These fairly plentiful animals are hunted as a food resource and for their fur, which is used to make clothing."
351
    ],
352
    "Armadillo": [
353
        "Armadillos are small mammals with a shell of armored plates that protect them from predators.",
354
        "There are 20 species of armadillo.",
355
        "Only one armadillo species (nine-banded armadillo) lives in North America. Other 19 types live in South America.",
356
        "The lifespan of an armadillo ranges from 4 to 30 years.",
357
        "Armadillos live in temperate and warm habitats, including rain forests, grasslands, and semi-deserts.",
358
        "Armadillos can be pinkish, dark-brown, black, red, gray or yellowish in color.",
359
        "The giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus) is the largest of the armadillo species and can reach up to 150 centimeters (59 inches) including tail and weigh up to 54 kilograms (119 pounds).",
360
        "The pink fairy armadillo (Chlamyphorus truncatus) or pichiciego is the smallest species of armadillo, at 85 grams (3.0 ounces) and 13 to 15 centimeters (5.1\u20135.9 inches) in total length.",
361
        "Closely related to anteaters and sloths, armadillos generally have a pointy or shovel-shaped snout and small eyes.",
362
        "Contrary to popular belief, not all armadillos are able to encase themselves in their shells. In fact, only the three-banded armadillo can, curling its head and back feet and contorting its shell into a hard ball that confounds would-be predators.",
363
        "Although most armadillo species look like they are bald, they do have wiry hairs on the sides and the belly. Some people refer to the hairs as curb feelers, since armadillos can feel their way around an area at night as the hairs touch objects.",
364
        "Armadillos have very poor eyesight, and use their keen sense of smell to hunt for food.",
365
        "Armadillos have strong legs and sharp claws. They use their claws for digging and finding food, as well as for making their homes in burrows.",
366
        "Armadillos are solitary most of the time and spend most of their time sleeping. They usually sleep up to 16 hours each day in burrows.",
367
        "Armadillos are mainly nocturnal, however they may also occasionally appear during the daylight and may be diurnal in cool weather.",
368
        "Armadillos are insectivores. Although most of their diet consists of insects and invertebrates, armadillos also eat fruit, eggs, and small animals. They even eat carrion.",
369
        "Armadillos are great swimmers. They can hold their breath for 6 minutes when they dive.",
370
        "Armadillos have little body fat and thin shells, so they cannot maintain their internal temperature as most mammals do.",
371
        "Usually, the only time armadillos get together is to mate or to keep warm. During cold times, a group of armadillos may hunker down in a burrow together to share body heat.",
372
        "Breeding season for armadillos varies from species to species, but there are some armadillos that can reproduce year-round.",
373
        "Gestation is anywhere from 2 to 5 months. Armadillos do not form bonds, and the father does not stay to help raise the young.",
374
        "Armadillos have many predators including coyotes, lynx, wolves, raccoons, pumas, bears, and some of the larger hawks and other birds of prey.",
375
        "Some people in Mexico, Central America and South America also eat armadillos, whose meat is sometimes used as a substitute for pork.",
376
        "Most armadillo species are threatened because of habitat loss and hunting.",
377
        "The word armadillo means \"little armoured one\" in Spanish.",
378
        "The nine-banded armadillo is the official state animal of Texas.",
379
        "Armadillo shells have traditionally been used to make the back of the charango, an Andean lute instrument.",
380
        "Armadillo shells are so strong that two people have been reported as being injured by bullets ricocheting off armadillos' shells.",
381
        "The pattern on the head plate of an armadillo is unique to each individual.",
382
        "The glyptodon was a prehistoric armadillo as big as a Volkswagen Beetle!"
383
    ],
384
    "Asian Elephant": [
385
        "The Asian elephant also known as the Asiatic elephant is an elephant species living in Asia.",
386
        "Asian elephants are found in several different habitats including grasslands, tropical evergreen forests, semi-evergreen forests, moist deciduous forests, dry deciduous forests and dry thorn forests, in addition to cultivated and secondary forests and scrublands.",
387
        "The lifespan of the Asian Elephant is from 60 to 75 years for both in the wild and in captivity.",
388
        "The oldest elephant ever was Dakshayani [Photo below], an Asian elephant, who died in 2019 at the age of 88 in Kerala, India.",
389
        "The Asian elephant is the largest living land animal in Asia. It is smaller than the African bush elephant and has the highest body point on the head.",
390
        "Tusks serve to dig for water, salt, and rocks, to debark and uproot trees, as levers for maneuvering fallen trees and branches, for work, for display, for marking trees, as weapon for offence and defence, as trunk-rests, and as protection for the trunk. Elephants are known to be right or left tusked. Female Asian elephants usually lack tusks \u2013 if tusks, in that case called \"tushes\" are present, they are barely visible, and only seen when the mouth is open.",
391
        "The demand for ivory during the 1970s and 1980s, particularly in East Asia, led to rampant poaching and the serious decline of elephants in both Africa and Asia. 8 Since 1986, the Asian elephant has been listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List."
392
    ],
393
    "Asiatic Black Bear": [
394
        "The Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) also known as the moon bear, and white-chested bear, is a medium-sized bear species native to Asia.",
395
        "Asiatic black bears live in moist forests, on steep mountains, and in areas where the vegetation is thick.",
396
        "The Asiatic Black Bear is, by nature, a long-living animal. The average lifespan in the wild is about 25 years; the oldest Asiatic black bear in captivity died at the age of 44 years.",
397
        "The Asiatic Black Bear has a coat of smooth black fur with a light beige to white \"V\" shape on the chest area, a small beige to white colored crescent across the throat, a small spot of white on the chin, and a light brown muzzle.",
398
        "Asiatic black bears are the most bipedal of all bears, and have been known to walk upright for over a quarter mile.",
399
        "Asiatic black bears are primarily solitary but sometimes they may live in family groups consisting of two adults and two successive litters of young. They will walk in a procession of largest to smallest.",
400
        "Asiatic black bears are primarily nocturnal feeders and sleep in a tree hole or in a cave during the daytime, but they do sometimes forage diurnally.",
401
        "Asiatic black bears are omnivorous, though they are primarily vegetarians. They feed on insects, beetle larvae, invertebrates, termites, grubs, bees, eggs, birds, fish, rodents, carrion, garbage, mushrooms, grasses, fruits, nuts, seeds, honey, herbs, acorns, dogwood, and grain.",
402
        "The Asiatic black bear will not hibernate over most of it's range but all pregnant females and bears in the more northern regions usually do. Asiatic black bears prepare their dens for hibernation in mid-October, and will sleep from November until March.",
403
        "Asiatic black bears may be occasionally attacked by tigers and brown bears, although leopards, and packs of wolves and dholes can also be threats. Eurasian lynxes are a potential predator of cubs.",
404
        "Asiatic black bears usually avoid man and only attack when they are wounded or trying to protect their young, but unprovoked attacks have been documented many times throughout history.",
405
        "The Asiatic black bear is classified as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), mostly because of deforestation and hunting for its body parts.",
406
        "The Asiatic black bear's range overlaps with that of sloth bears in central and southern India, sun bears in Southeast Asia and brown bears in the southern part of the Russian Far East.",
407
        "In Japanese culture, the Asiatic black bear is traditionally associated with the mountain spirit (yama no kami) and is characterized variously as \"mountain man\" (yamaotoko), \"mountain uncle\" (yama no ossan), \"mountain father\" (yama no oyaji), a loving mother and a child."
408
    ],
409
    "Baboon": [
410
        "Baboons are Old World monkeys that belong to the genus Papio.",
411
        "There are five species of baboon \u2014 olive, yellow, chacma, Guinea, and hamadryas \u2014 scattered across various habitats in Africa and Arabia.",
412
        "Baboons largely inhabit areas of open woodlands and savannah, with some found in tropical forests.",
413
        "Baboons are some of the largest monkeys in the world.",
414
        "The Guinea baboon is 50 cm (20 in) and weighs only 14 kg (31 lb), while the largest can be 120 cm (47 in) and weigh 40 kg (88 lb).",
415
        "Female baboons are considerably smaller than males.",
416
        "All baboons have long, dog-like muzzles, heavy, powerful jaws with sharp canine teeth, close-set eyes, thick fur except on their muzzles, short tails, and rough spots on their protruding buttocks, called ischial callosities. These calluses are nerveless, hairless pads of skin that provide for the sitting comfort of the baboon.",
417
        "Baboons are diurnal animals, meaning that they are active during the day.",
418
        "Unlike most monkeys baboons are terrestrial (ground dwelling). They spend most of their daylight hours on the ground, but they forage both in the trees and on the ground and they sleep in trees or on cliffs where they are safe from predators.",
419
        "Like other Old World monkeys, baboons do not have prehensile (gripping) tails.",
420
        "Baboons are classified as omnivores, which means they eat both plants and animals. Grass is an important part of their diet, but baboons also eat pods, roots, blossoms, fruits, sap and bark from a variety of trees and plants. Baboons eat meat in small quantities, and their meat-based meals include small antelopes, fish, birds, rabbits and shellfish.",
421
        "Baboons are among the most social and affiliative animals and strong social bonds are fundamental to their lives. Their social behavior is usualy matrilineal, in which a network of social relationships are sustained over three generations from the female members of the species.",
422
        "A troop of baboons can range in number from 10 to over 200 members, depending upon the availability of food. The baboon troop consists of related bands composed of several clans, where each clan may have a number of smaller harem families made up of mothers, their children, and a male. Female baboons remain with the group into which they are born for the duration of their lives, while the males leave to join other troops as they become mature.",
423
        "Unlike other baboon species, the hamadryas have a patriarchal \"One Male Unit\" social structure. Females groom their \"leader\" and males compete fiercely for their status.",
424
        "Baboons have a complex system of communication that includes vocalizations, facial expressions, posturing, and gesturing.",
425
        "During their rest periods, baboons spend considerable time grooming one another, which helps to reinforce their social bonds.",
426
        "Baboons are not territorial. Rather, each baboon troop occupies a 'home range', part of which overlaps with the home range of other troops. Usually different troops avoid using these overlapping areas at the same time, and troops and home ranges shift fluidly in accordance with one another.",
427
        "Baboons breed year-round, though some populations show peaks in mating and births at certain times of the year.",
428
        "When a female baboon is ready to mate, her bottom becomes swollen and red as a sign to the males.",
429
        "After mating, a baboon female has a gestation period of around six months. Typically, a female will only give birth to one offspring at a time, though twins have been recorded.",
430
        "Humans kill baboons for a variety of reasons. Baboons can be killed because of their tendency to be viewed as agricultural pests as well as for their skins\u2014this is more common with the hamadryas baboon.",
431
        "Habitat loss due to overgrazing, agricultural expansion, irrigation projects, and overall human settlement growth is a threat to baboons.",
432
        "The word \"baboon\" comes from \"babouin,\" the name given to them by the French naturalist Buffon.",
433
        "Baboons are Old World monkeys that split from humans and apes on the primate family tree 30 million years ago.",
434
        "Baboons have the same number of teeth and dental pattern as human beings.",
435
        "In 2015 researchers found the oldest baboon fossil dating 2 million years ago.",
436
        "In Egyptian mythology, Babi was the deification of the hamadryas baboon and was therefore a sacred animal. It was known as the attendant of Thoth, so is also called the sacred baboon."
437
    ],
438
    "Badger": [
439
        "Badgers are small mammals in the family Mustelidae, which also includes the otters, polecats, weasels and wolverines.",
440
        "There are 11 species of badger, grouped into 3 types, the Melinae (Eurasian badgers), Mellivorinae (Honey badger) and Taxideinae (American badger).",
441
        "Badgers are found in North America, Ireland, Great Britain and most of Europe. There are species in Japan, China, Indonesia and Malaysia. The honey badger is found in sub-Saharan Africa, the Arabian Desert, Turkmenistan, and India.",
442
        "Badgers prefer to live in dry, open grasslands, fields, and pastures. They are found from high alpine meadows to sea level.",
443
        "The average lifespan in the wild is between 4 and 10 years, but some badgers may live up to 14 years. They have lived to be 26 years old in captivity.",
444
        "Badgers have rather short, fat bodies, with short legs for digging. They have elongated weasel-like heads with small ears.",
445
        "Most badgers have black faces with distinctive white markings, grey bodies which may be mixed with brown, red, black or even yellow, and dark legs with light coloured underbellies.",
446
        "Badgers grow to around 90 centimeters (35 inches) in length including tail. They weigh between 9 to 18 kilograms (18 and 40 pounds).",
447
        "The behaviour of badgers differs by species, but all shelter underground, living in burrows called setts, which may be very extensive. Some are solitary, moving from home to home, while others are known to form clans called cetes. There are usually 2 \u2013 15 badgers in a cete.",
448
        "Badgers are territorial throughout most of the year. Most territories are about 8 to 10 square kilometers (3 to 4 square miles). The size of the territory might vary somewhat due to the availability of food.",
449
        "Badgers are incredibly clean and will not defecate in their sett \u2013 they have special latrines (communal toilets) comprising of shallow pits placed away from the setts on the edge of their territory. They will not bring food into the sett either.",
450
        "Badgers are nocturnal, meaning they are most active at night and sleep during the day.",
451
        "Badgers have acute hearing and excellent sense of smell, which helps them find food, but their eyes are small and their eyesight is not very good.",
452
        "Badgers are omnivores feeding mainly on earthworms. They can also take young rabbits, mice, rats, voles, moles, hedgehogs, frogs, slugs, and snails. The plant food they eat includes most fruits, acorns, bulbs, oats and wheat.",
453
        "Badgers do not hibernate, but may become less active in winter. A badger may spend much of the winter in cycles of torpor that last around 29 hours.",
454
        "A male badger is called a boar, the female is called a sow and the young are called cubs.",
455
        "Badgers give birth to between one and five cubs during January and March usually in underground chambers. Females care for the litter by themselves. Cubs remain there until they are about eight weeks old. They learn to hunt for themselves by the time they are 4 months old, and head out on their own at about 6 months old.",
456
        "The most common predators that eat badgers include bobcats, golden eagles, cougars and coyotes. Young badgers are mainly at risk of becoming eaten by these animals.",
457
        "Badgers can be fierce animals and will protect themselves and their young at all costs, are capable of fighting off dog-packs and fighting off much larger animals, such as wolves and bears.",
458
        "In North America, coyotes sometimes eat badgers and vice versa, but the majority of their interactions seem to be mutual or neutral. American badgers and coyotes have been seen hunting together in a cooperative fashion.",
459
        "The biggest threats to badgers are cars \u2013 more than 50 thousands badgers are killed by cars every year.",
460
        "According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), most badgers are not endangered or threatened.",
461
        "Badgers can run up to 30 kilometers (19 miles) per hour for short periods of time. They are also good at climbing, and they can swim too.",
462
        "The word badger is said to derive from the French 'b\u00eacheur' meaning 'digger'.",
463
        "Although rarely eaten today in the United States or the United Kingdom, badgers were once a primary meat source for the diets of Native Americans and white colonists. Badgers were also eaten in Britain during World War II and the 1950s. In Russia, the consumption of badger meat is still widespread.",
464
        "In Europe, badgers were traditionally used to predict the length of winter.",
465
        "The badger is the state animal of the US state of Wisconsin.",
466
        "Badgers have been known to become intoxicated with alcohol after eating rotting fruit.",
467
        "The dachshund was bred to hunt badgers. Dachshund in German means \"badger hound.\"",
468
        "The viral video Crazy Nastyass Honey Badger became popular in 2011, attaining over 79 million views on YouTube as of September 2016."
469
    ],
470
    "Barb": [
471
        "Barbados is a sovereign island country in the Lesser Antilles (also known as the Caribbees), in the Americas.",
472
        "The official name of the country is Barbados.",
473
        "The closest island neighbors to Barbados are Martinique to the northwest, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines to the west, Trinidad and Tobago to the south, and Grenada to the south-west.",
474
        "As of 1 January 2016, the population of Barbados was estimated to be 284 thousands people.",
475
        "Barbados is 34 kilometers (21 miles) in length and up to 23 kilometers (14 miles) in width, covering an area of 432 square kilometers (167 square miles).",
476
        "Bridgetown is the capital and largest city of the nation of Barbados. It's known for its British colonial architecture, 17th-century Garrison and horse-racing track.",
477
        "The physical characteristics of Barbados are its lowlands or gently sloping, terraced plains, separated by rolling hills that generally parallel the coasts.",
478
        "Mount Hillaby is the highest point in Barbados at 340 meters (1 thousands feet) above sea level.",
479
        "The western coast of Barbados borders the Caribbean Sea, and its eastern coast borders the North Atlantic Ocean.",
480
        "Barbados is a coral island and most of its beaches are made from finely ground coral forming a clean fine grain.",
481
        "Barbados beaches are truly some of the most beautiful in the Caribbean, in fact the beach at The Crane [photo below] was rated \"one of the ten best beaches in the world\" by Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous.",
482
        "Barbados is almost totally ringed with undersea coral reefs.",
483
        "The Flower Forest is a tropical paradise located in the heart of the Barbados countryside! This botanical garden is home to a multitude of majestic palms, colourful shrubs and tropical flowers. The 20-hectare (50-acre) property was formerly a sugar plantation.",
484
        "The name of the country, \"Barbados,\" is derived from \"the Bearded Fig Trees\" once found in abundance on the island.",
485
        "Barbados is thought to have been originally inhabited by Arawak Indians. By the time Europeans explored the island, however, it was uninhabited. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to set foot on the island, but it was the British who first established a colony there in 1627.",
486
        "Barbados became independent from Britain on November 30th, 1966.",
487
        "The island of Barbados plans to remove Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state in November, 2016. This change also coincides with their 50th independence day.",
488
        "Barbados is the second-smallest independent country in the Western Hemisphere and the easternmost Caribbean island.",
489
        "Barbados is the most densely populated Caribbean state and ranks as one of the world's most densely populated countries.",
490
        "The people of Barbados are called Barbadians or Bajans.",
491
        "Barbadian cuisine is a mixture of African, Indian, and British influences. A typical meal consists of a main dish of meat or fish, normally marinated with a mixture of herbs and spices, a number of hot side dishes, and one or more salads. The meal is usually served with one or more sauces. The national dish of Barbados is Cou-Cou & fried Flying Fish with spicy gravy.",
492
        "Barbados has a stable democracy and a relatively prosperous economy, based largely on tourism and sugar.",
493
        "Barbados also exports $57 million of rum per year across the world.",
494
        "\"Pride and Industry\" is the Motto of Barbados.",
495
        "Barbados is known as \"the land of the flying fish\", with flying fish being a common sight around the island and one of the national symbols of the country.",
496
        "Barbados has the world's rarest collection of 17th century English iron cannon! These were used by the British during the 17th & 18th centuries to protect the island from invading forces.",
497
        "George Washington, the future First President of the United States, was an early tourist. He visited Barbados in 1751, the only time he ventured outside America. George Washington House in Barbados can be visited today.",
498
        "Rihanna, the international singer, is from Barbados."
499
    ],
500
    "Barn Owl": [
501
        "The barn owl (Tyto alba), is a species of owl in the genus Tito.",
502
        "It is also referred to as the common barn owl, to distinguish it from other species in its family, Tytonidae.",
503
        "There is approximately 28 subspecies of barn owl.",
504
        "The barn owl is found almost everywhere in the world except polar and desert regions, Asia north of the Himalayas, most of Indonesia, and some Pacific islands.",
505
        "Barn Owls require large areas of open land over which to hunt. This can either be marsh, grasslands, or mixed agricultural fields.",
506
        "A typical lifespan for a wild adult Barn Owl is 4 years. However, some individuals do live for many years. The oldest wild barn owl lived 34 years.",
507
        "Barn owls are medium-sized owls with long legs that have feathers all the way down to their grey toes.",
508
        "Barn owls have a typical wingspan of some 80 to 95 cm (31 to 37 in), with a full range of 68 to 105 cm (27 to 41 in).",
509
        "The full known weight range for the barn owl species can range from 224 to 710 g (7.9 to 25 oz).",
510
        "Barn owls are solitary, or found in pairs.",
511
        "Barn owls are non-territorial. Adults live in overlapping home ranges, each one covering from 300 to 5 thousands hectares (740 to 12 thousands acres).",
512
        "Barn owls communicate with vocalizations and physical displays.",
513
        "Surprisingly, barn owls do not make the hoot sound. It instead produces the characteristic shree scream, ear-shattering at close range, an eerie, long-drawn-out shriek.",
514
        "Barn Owls have lop-sided ears! One is higher than the other, which helps them to pinpoint exactly where tiny sounds are coming from.",
515
        "Barn owls hunt small mammals such as mice, voles, shrews, rats, muskrats, hares and rabbits. They may also prey on small birds.",
516
        "Barn owls save extra food to eat later, especially during the breeding season.",
517
        "Barn owls are usually monogamous, sticking to one partner for life unless one of the pair dies.",
518
        "When large numbers of small prey are readily available, barn owl populations can expand rapidly, and globally the bird is considered to be of least conservation concern. Some subspecies with restricted ranges are more threatened.",
519
        "Predators of the barn owl include large American opossums, the raccoon, and similar carnivorous mammals, as well as eagles, larger hawks and other owls.",
520
        "91% of barn owls post-mortemed were found to contain rat poison. Some owls die as a direct result of consuming rodenticides, but most contain sub-lethal doses. The effects of this remain unknown.",
521
        "Barn owls are found usually at altitudes below 2 thousands meters (6 thousands feet) but occasionally as high as 3 thousands meters (9 thousands feet) in the tropics.",
522
        "Feathers become abraded over time and all birds need to replace them at intervals. Barn owls are particularly dependent on their ability to fly quietly and manoeuvre efficiently, and in temperate areas their prolonged moult lasts through three phases over a period of two years.",
523
        "Barn Owl feathers are super soft \u2013 this helps them to flight silently, but they are not very waterproof and get soaked if it rains.",
524
        "On average a wild Barn Owl eats about 4 small mammals per night, that's 1 thousands per year."
525
    ],
526
    "Barracuda": [
527
        "Barracuda is a saltwater fish known for its large size, fearsome appearance and ferocious behaviour.",
528
        "There are 28 different species of barracuda.",
529
        "Barracudas reside near the top of the water and near coral reefs and sea grasses.",
530
        "The maximum age of barracuda is unknown, but the typical lifespan may often exceed 14 years.",
531
        "Size varies from rather small to 1.2\u20131.8 metres (4\u20136 feet) in the great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) of the Atlantic, Caribbean, and western Pacific.",
532
        "In most cases, a barracuda is dark gray, dark green, white, or blue on its upper body, with silvery sides and a chalky-white belly. Coloration varies somewhat between species. For some species, irregular and unorganized black spots or a row of darker cross-bars occur on each side.",
533
        "Barracudas are ferocious, opportunistic predators, relying on surprise and short bursts of speed, up to 43 km/h (27 mph), to overtake their prey.",
534
        "Barracudas are carnivores. They feed on an array of prey including fish such as jacks, grunts, groupers, snappers, small tunas, mullets, killifishes, herrings, and anchovies by simply biting them in half. They also seem to consume smaller species of sustenance that are in front of them.",
535
        "Barracuda are competitive species and often are seen competing against mackerel, needle fish and sometimes even dolphins for prey.",
536
        "Barracudas don't have many natural predators besides sharks and orca whales.",
537
        "Like sharks, some species of barracuda are reputed to be dangerous to swimmers. But most often, barracudas attack only when provoked.",
538
        "Barracudas are popular both as food and game fish. They are most often eaten as fillets or steaks.",
539
        "Barracuda belongs to the genus Sphyraena, the only genus in the family Sphyraenidae which was named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque in 1815.",
540
        "The barracuda is a minor but pivotal antagonist seen at the beginning of the 2003 Pixar film, Finding Nemo."
541
    ],
542
    "Barred Owl": [
543
        "The barred owl (Strix varia), also known as northern barred owl or hoot owl is a large species of owl native to eastern North America.",
544
        "The barred owl is arboreal, living in coniferous forests near water source, and wooded swamps. They require dense foliage for daytime roosting, and large trees with cavities for nesting.",
545
        "The average lifespan of the barred owl is about 10 to 12 years in the wild. The longest recorded age of a wild barred owl is 24 years.",
546
        "The barred owl is 43 to 61 centimeters (17 to 21 in) long and has a wingspan of 102 to 127 centimeters (40 to 50 in) at full length. The average male weigh 630 grams (22 oz) and female weigh 800 grams (28 oz).",
547
        "Barred Owls don't migrate, and they don't even move around very much.",
548
        "The barred owl is monogamous, pairing for life.",
549
        "The barred owl's nest is often in a tree cavity, often ones created by pileated woodpeckers; it may also take over an old nesting site made previously by a red-shouldered hawk, Cooper's hawk, crow, or squirrel.",
550
        "Barred owls are preyed on by raccoons and weasels as eggs and nestlings. Adults are sometimes killed by great horned owls, northern goshawks, hit by cars, and captured in traps set for mammals.",
551
        "Attacks by barred owls on hikers have been reported from Texas to British Columbia."
552
    ],
553
    "Basking Shark": [
554
        "The basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) is the second largest fish in the world, after the whale shark.",
555
        "Despite their large size and threatening appearance, basking sharks are not aggressive and are harmless to humans.",
556
        "The basking shark can be found in all the world's temperate oceans. It prefers 8 to 14.5 \u00b0C (46.4 to 58.1 \u00b0F) temperatures, but has been confirmed to cross the much-warmer waters at the equator.",
557
        "The basking shark is often seen close to land, including bays with narrow openings.",
558
        "The exact lifespan of the basking shark is unknown, but experts estimate to be about 50 years.",
559
        "Basking sharks typically reach 6\u20138 meters (20\u201326 feet) in length and weighs about 5.2 tonnes (5.1 long tons; 5.7 short tons).",
560
        "The basking shark has a conical snout, enormous gills, dark bristle-like gill rakers, and a crescent-shaped tail.",
561
        "The most impressive feature of the basking shark is its mouth, which can be well over 1 meter (3 feet) in width!",
562
        "Basking Sharks are one of only three filter-feeding sharks \u2013 the others being the whale shark and megamouth shark.",
563
        "Basking sharks feed on zooplankton \u2013 very small fish, and invertebrates.",
564
        "The basking shark has to take in a huge amount of water to get enough food; estimates suggest a fairly large basking shark will filter around 1 thousands thousands litres (400 thousands gallons) of water per hour!",
565
        "Basking sharks are slow swimmers, going no more than 5 km/h (3 mph).",
566
        "Though the basking shark is large and slow, it can breach, jumping entirely out of the water. This behaviour could be an attempt to dislodge parasites or commensals.",
567
        "Although normally solitary, basking sharks are sometimes encountered in small groups, and very occasionally in larger aggregations of 100 individuals or more.",
568
        "Basking sharks are ovoviviparous; its eggs hatch internally and the young are born live when fully developed. Gestation is thought to span over a year (perhaps two to three years), with a small, though unknown, number of young. Only one pregnant female is known to have been caught; she was carrying six unborn young.",
569
        "The basking shark sheds and regrows its gill rakers in the winter, the only known example of an annual molt in fishes.",
570
        "The basking shark is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.",
571
        "According to the IUCN, basking shark populations are in decline worldwide, and have been for some time.",
572
        "Aside from direct catches, by-catches in trawl nets have been one of several threats to basking sharks.",
573
        "The basking shark is tolerant of boats and divers approaching it, and may even circle divers, making it an important draw for dive tourism in areas where it is common.",
574
        "Historically, the basking shark has been a staple of fisheries because of its slow swimming speed, placid nature, and previously abundant numbers. Commercially, it was put to many uses: the flesh for food and fishmeal, the hide for leather, and its large liver for oil.",
575
        "Although basking sharks are now a protected species in many countries, they're still hunted in places like China and Japan for their fins, which are among the most valuable in the shark fin soup trade.",
576
        "In 2015, a 6.3 meters (21 feet) basking shark was caught by a trawler in seas near Portland, in Southeastern Australia. The whole shark was donated to the Victoria Museum for research, instead of the fins being sold for use in shark fin soup.",
577
        "Apart from hunting by humans, killer whales are the only real threat to the basking shark."
578
    ],
579
    "Basset Hound": [
580
        "The Basset Hound is a breed of dog in the hound family.",
581
        "Short-legged and heavy-boned, the basset hound has long, pendulous ears and a short coat. It is usually bicolours or tricolours of standard hound colouration which is black, tan, and white.",
582
        "The Basset Hound is from 28 to 38 centimeters (11 to 15 inches) tall and weighs from 20 to 34 kilograms (45 to 75 pounds).",
583
        "The average lifespan for a Basset Hound is about 10 to 12 years.",
584
        "French basset hounds were being imported into England at least as early as the 1870s. While some of these dogs were certainly Basset Art\u00e9sien Normands, by the 1880s linebreeding had thrown back to a different heavier type.",
585
        "Everett Millais, who is considered to be the father of the modern Basset Hound, bred one such dog, Nicholas, to a Bloodhound bitch named Inoculation through artificial insemination in order to create a heavier basset in England in the 1890s. The litter was delivered by caesarean section, and the surviving pups were refined with French and English bassets.",
586
        "The first breed standard for what is now known as the Basset Hound was made in Great Britain at the end of 19th century. This standard was updated in 2010.",
587
        "Basset Hounds are friendly, outgoing, and playful dogs. They are also widely known for being stubborn.",
588
        "On February 27, 1928, Time magazine featured a basset hound on the front cover. The accompanying story was about the 52nd annual Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show at Madison Square Garden as if observed by the basset hound puppy.",
589
        "Marquis de Lafayette brought Basset Hounds, to the United States as a gift to President George Washington to use in his hunting expeditions.",
590
        "Basset Hounds are one of six recognised \"basset\"-type breeds in France."
591
    ],
592
    "Bat": [
593
        "Bath is the largest city in the county of Somerset, England.",
594
        "It is known for and named after its Roman-built baths.",
595
        "As of December 2020, the population of Bath is is about 90 thousands people.",
596
        "Founded by the Romans as a thermal spa, Bath became an important centre of the wool industry in the Middle Ages.",
597
        "Bath was built of local limestone and is one of the most elegant and architecturally distinguished of British cities.",
598
        "Now the largest city in the county of Somerset, Bath was granted city status in 1590 by Queen Elizabeth I.",
599
        "In the 18th century, under George III, it developed into an elegant town with neoclassical Palladian buildings, which blend harmoniously with the Roman baths.",
600
        "Jane Austen lived in Bath in the early 19th century.",
601
        "The Jane Austen Centre at 40 Gay Street in Bath is a permanent exhibition which tells the story of Jane Austen's Bath experience \u2013 the effect that visiting and living in the city had on her and her writing. The building is part of a block (31\u201340 Gay Street) which has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II listed building.",
602
        "Royal Victoria Park is located in Bath, England. It was opened in 1830 by the 11-year-old Princess Victoria seven years before her ascension to the throne and was the first park to carry her name, with an obelisk dedicated to her. It was privately run as part of the Victorian public park movement until 1921 when it was taken over by the Bath Corporation.",
603
        "The Victoria Art Gallery is a public art museum in Bath. It was opened in 1900 to commemorate Queen Victoria's diamond jubilee. It is a Grade II* listed building and houses over 1500 objects of art including a collection of oil paintings from British artists dating from 1700 onwards. The ground floor was at one time a public library.",
604
        "The Royal Crescent is a row of 30 terraced houses laid out in a sweeping crescent in the city of Bath. Designed by the architect John Wood, the Younger and built between 1767 and 1774, it is among the greatest examples of Georgian architecture to be found in the United Kingdom and is a Grade I listed building. Although some changes have been made to the various interiors over the years, the Georgian stone facade remains much as it was when first built.",
605
        "A charming location, Bath is consistently ranked among the best cities in the UK to live, work and visit.",
606
        "Bath may have been the site of the Battle of Badon (c.500 AD ), in which King Arthur is said to have defeated the Anglo-Saxons.",
607
        "Bath Rugby is a rugby union team in the Premiership league."
608
    ],
609
    "Beagle": [
610
        "The Beagle is a breed of small to medium-sized dog.",
611
        "Beagles are mostly developed for hunting and finding hare, rabbit, and other kinds of game.",
612
        "Beagles are popular as pets because of their good size, sweet temper, and health.",
613
        "The typical lifespan of beagles is 12\u201315 years, which is a common lifespan for dogs of their size.",
614
        "The beagle has large brown eyes, hanging ears, and a short coat, usually a combination of black, tan, and white.",
615
        "Alongside the Bloodhound and Basset Hound, the beagle has one of the best developed senses of smell of any dog.",
616
        "Beagles are known for their tendency to vocalize, especially with their signature \"bay,\" which is much like a howl. Some beagles vocalize out of boredom, but many bay just because they want to, no matter how much activity they get.",
617
        "Although beagle-type dogs have existed for over 2 thousands years, the modern breed came from Great Britain around the 1830s.",
618
        "From medieval times, beagle was used as a generic description for the smaller hounds, though these dogs differed considerably from the modern breed.",
619
        "The modern breed was developed from several breeds, including the Talbot Hound, the North Country Beagle, the Southern Hound, and possibly the Harrier.",
620
        "Reverend Phillip Honeywood established a beagle pack in Essex in the 1830s.",
621
        "Beagles were in the United States by the 1840s at the latest, but the first dogs were imported strictly for hunting and were of variable quality.",
622
        "The Beagle Club was formed in 1890 and the first standard of the Beagle was written.",
623
        "As purebred dogs, beagles have always been more popular in the United States and Canada than in their native country England.",
624
        "In the United States the beagle ranked 4th most popular breed, behind the Labrador Retriever (1), German Shepherd (2) and Golden Retriever (3) breeds.",
625
        "The largest single-breed dog walk involved 1 thousands Beagles and was organised by Beaglelandia (UK) in Cheshire, UK, on 22 April 2018.",
626
        "The 11-year-old beagle Purin and her owner Makoto Kumagai first set the record for the Most skips by a dog and a person in one minute \u2013 single rope back in May 2016 with a total of 51 successful jumps.",
627
        "According to data from online statistics monitor Social Blade, the most viewed animal on YouTube is Maymo the Lemon Beagle (www.youtube.com/user/crackrockcandy), with 695 thousands thousands views as of 13 March 2018.",
628
        "Beagles have been included in popular culture since the times when Queen Elizabeth began to rule, in literature and paintings, and more recently in movie, television and comic books.",
629
        "Snoopy of the comic strip Peanuts has been picked as \"the world's most famous beagle\".",
630
        "The ship on which Charles Darwin made the voyage which provided much of the inspiration for On the Origin of Species was named HMS Beagle after the breed, and, in turn, lent its name to the ill-fated British Martian lander Beagle 2.",
631
        "According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first mention of the beagle by name in English literature dates from c. 1475 in The Squire of Low Degree. The origin of the word \"beagle\" is uncertain, although it has been suggested that the word derives from the French begueule \u2013 meaning \"noisy person,\" literally \"gaping throat,\" from bayer \"open wide\"."
632
    ],
633
    "Bear": [
634
        "Bearberries are three species of dwarf shrubs in the genus Arctostaphylos.",
635
        "The name \"bearberry\" for the plant derives from the edible fruit which is a favorite food of bears.",
636
        "Bearberry comes from its genus Arctostaphylos, from the Greek word for bear \u2013 Arktos and staphylos \u2013 a bunch of grapes, which is berries resemble.",
637
        "Folk tales suggest Marco Polo thought the Chinese were using it as a diuretic. Bearberry leaves are used in traditional medicine in parts of Europe, and are officially classified as a phytomedicine.",
638
        "Bearberry was first documented in The Physicians of Myddfai, a 13th-century Welsh herbal.",
639
        "Native Americans used bearberry leaves with tobacco and other herbs in religious ceremonies, both as a smudge (type of incense used for clearing the air of negativity) or smoked in a sacred pipe to carry the smoker's prayers to the Great Spirit.",
640
        "One of the commonest of its common names in North America is the Algonquian (Delaware Indian) word kinnikinnick, meaning \"mixture.\" Equally familiar in various parts of its English-speaking habitats is bearberry, which first appeared in print around 1625.",
641
        "Bearberries occurring widely throughout the northern reaches of Europe, Asia, and North America in rocky and sandy woods and in open areas.",
642
        "This hardy plant typically grow along sandy and rocky areas including shorelines, slopes, ridges, hilltops and in coniferous and mixed woods. Bearberries grows at various levels from sea level to sub-alpine.",
643
        "You can eat the berries of bearberry, but you won't taste much, as they are granular and tasteless, or mealy, hence the nickname mealberry.",
644
        "The health benefits of bearberries include treat arthritis, boost the immune system, improve metabolism, relieve headache pain, treat bladder problems like a UTI, speed up healing, skin care, reduce inflammation, aid in weight loss and protect the gut.",
645
        "Bearberry should not be consumed by pregnant women and breast-feeding women. It should also not be used for treating children and patients suffering from a kidney disease.",
646
        "The leaves of the bearberry, which contain two glucosides plus tannic and gallic acid, have been strong medicine since at least the thirteenth century, and perhaps long before that. They once were used for their potent astringent and diuretic effects, and are still employed by some herbalists, although with rigorous limitations.",
647
        "Bearberry is used as an ingredient in skin care products \u2013 as it has astringent and disinfectant properties \u2013 and in food supplements. Bearberry is also used to make teas.",
648
        "Bearberry is salt-tolerant, so it can be used in gardens near the coast and in cold urban areas where the roads are salted. It can be used to attract hummingbirds."
649
    ],
650
    "Beaver": [
651
        "Beavers are known for their natural trait of building dams on rivers and streams, and building their homes (known as \"lodges\") in the resulting pond.",
652
        "Beavers are the second largest rodent in the world after the capybara.",
653
        "There are two species of beavers, which are found in the forests of North America, Europe, and Asia: American beaver and Eurasian beaver.",
654
        "The American beaver (Castor canadensis) typically weighs from 11 to 32 kilograms (24 to 70.5 pounds) and are 74 to 90 centimeters (29 to 35 inches) long. The tail adds another 20 to 35 cm ( 8 to 14 inches) to its length.",
655
        "The Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) typically weighs from 11 to 30 kilograms (24 to 66 pounds) and are 80 to 100 centimeters (31 to 40 inches) long. The tail adds another 25 to 50 centimeters (10 to 20 inches) to its length.",
656
        "Beavers are very social and live in groups called colonies.",
657
        "Together beaver colonies create dams of wood and mud to provide still, deep water in order to protect against predators such as wolves, coyotes, bears or eagles, and also so they can float food and building material to their homes.",
658
        "Beaver homes are called lodges and they are made from mud and branches. Lodges are positioned in the middle of the pond, with hidden entrance (from the water), which prevents predators to get in touch with them.",
659
        "Males and females beavers look very similar.",
660
        "The beaver is mainly a nocturnal animal \u2013 they hunt and work during the night.",
661
        "Beavers are herbivores, and prefer the wood of quaking aspen, cottonwood, willow, alder, birch, maple and cherry trees. They also eat sedges, pondweed, and water lilies. Beavers do not hibernate, but store sticks and logs in a pile in their ponds, eating the underbark.",
662
        "Beavers are semi-aquatic species, which means that they spend part of their life in the water and part on the ground.",
663
        "The beaver has a good sense of hearing, smell, and touch. It has poor eyesight, but does have a set of transparent eyelids which allow them to see under water.",
664
        "The large front teeth of the beaver never stop growing. The beavers constant gnawing on wood helps to keep their teeth from growing too long.",
665
        "By slapping the water surface with tail, beaver alerts other members of the group about potential danger.",
666
        "Beavers can swim 8 kilometer per hour (5 miles per hour) and spend 15 minutes underwater without returning back to the surface for the air.",
667
        "Beavers are territorial animals. They use musk oil to cover the branches and mud in the dams to mark their territory.",
668
        "Beavers are thought to be monogamous which means they mate for life or until their partner dies. A breeding pair can produce two to three kits per litter with a range of two to six kits. Mating takes place between January and February, with kits born within the lodge from April to June. Gestation averages 128 days for American beaver and 107 days for Eurasian beaver.",
669
        "Kits spend their first month of life in the lodges. Young beavers stay with their parents for 2 years and help them maintain the dam and lodges.",
670
        "There were once more than 60 million North American beavers. But due to hunting for its fur, its glands for medicine and because the beavers tree-felling and dams affect other land uses, the population has declined to 6 \u2013 12 million.",
671
        "Beavers dam-building can prevent floods as well as cause them: the wetlands that dams maintain soak up floodwaters, prevent erosion and create an ecosystem that breaks down pesticides.",
672
        "Beavers are second only to humans in their ability to manipulate and change their environment.",
673
        "The beaver is the national animal of Canada, and features on the Canadian five-cent piece."
674
    ],
675
    "Beetle": [
676
        "Beetles are a group of insects which are biologically classified in the order Coleoptera.",
677
        "There are about 400 thousands species of beetles; new species are discovered frequently.",
678
        "Beetles are found in almost every habitat except the sea and the polar regions.",
679
        "Most beetle species complete their lives in a single year. Some, especially larger ones, live for more than a year, hatching in summer, a few months to a year or more as a larva and pupa, and then emerging to reproduce as an adult.",
680
        "Termite queens have the longest lifespan of any beetles or insects in the world, with some queens living up to 50 years.",
681
        "The heaviest beetle, indeed the heaviest insect stage, is the larva of the goliath beetle, (Goliathus goliatus), which can attain a mass of at least 115 g (4.1 oz) and a length of 11.5 cm (4.5 in).",
682
        "The longest beetle is the Hercules beetle (Dynastes hercules), with a maximum overall length of at least 16.7 cm (6.6 in) including the very long pronotal horn.",
683
        "The smallest recorded beetle and the smallest free-living insect, is the featherwing beetle (Scydosella musawasensis) which may measure as little as 0.325 mm (0.0128 in) in length.",
684
        "Beetles are like all insects, they have a head, thorax, and abdomen, and six legs. Their bodies tend to be very solid and tough.",
685
        "Adult beetles have modified wings: the first pair of wings is small and very hard, and acts as a protective covering for the second pair of wings. Many beetles can fly with their second pair of wings.",
686
        "Beetles have chewing mouthparts and often have powerful jaws.",
687
        "Parental care is found in a few species of beetle, perhaps for protection against adverse conditions and predators.",
688
        "Beetles, both adults and larvae, are the prey of many animal predators including mammals from bats to rodents, birds, lizards, amphibians, fish, dragonflies, robberflies, reduviid bugs, ants, other beetles, and spiders.",
689
        "Beetles use a variety of anti-predator adaptations to defend themselves. These include camouflage and mimicry against predators that hunt by sight, toxicity, and defensive behaviour.",
690
        "Camouflage is common and widespread among beetle families, especially those that feed on wood or vegetation.",
691
        "Some longhorn beetles are effective Batesian mimics (form of mimicry where a harmless species has evolved to imitate the warning signals of a harmful species) of wasps.",
692
        "Chemical defense is important in some species, usually being advertised by aposematic colors where bright or contrasting coloration warn off predators; many other beetles and other insects mimic these chemically protected species.",
693
        "Most beetles are active at night, but some are active in daylight (especially if they have chemical defense).",
694
        "Many beetle species undertake annual mass movements which are termed as migrations. These mass movements may also be opportunistic, in search of food, rather than seasonal.",
695
        "About 90% of beetle species enter a period of adult diapause, a quiet phase with reduced metabolism to tide unfavourable environmental conditions.",
696
        "The tiger beetle, relative to its size, is the fastest creatures on Earth. The fastest species of tiger beetle, Cicindela hudsoni, can run at a speed of 9 km/h (5.6 mph), or about 125 body lengths per second. The fastest human can do about five body lengths. To take the sprinting gold from the tiger beetle, a person would have to hit 770 kilometers (480 miles) per hour.",
697
        "Hercules beetles can lift 850 times their own weight. That's equivalent to a human lifting 10 elephants.",
698
        "Scarab beetles held religious and cultural symbolism in Old Egypt, Greece and some shamanistic Old World cultures.",
699
        "Beetle collecting became extremely popular in the Victorian era.",
700
        "Many beetles have beautiful and durable elytra that have been used as material in arts, with beetlewing the best example.",
701
        "Sometimes, beetles are incorporated into ritual objects for their religious significance.",
702
        "Whole beetles, either as-is or encased in clear plastic, are made into objects ranging from cheap souvenirs such as key chains to expensive fine-art jewellery.",
703
        "Beetles are the most widely eaten insects, with about 350 species used as food, usually at the larval stage.",
704
        "In Japan the practice of keeping horned rhinoceros beetles and stag beetles is particularly popular amongst young boys. Such is the popularity in Japan that vending machines dispensing live beetles were developed in 1999, each holding up to 100 stag beetles.",
705
        "Fighting beetles are used for entertainment and gambling. This sport exploits the territorial behavior and mating competition of certain species of large beetles."
706
    ],
707
    "Bernese Mountain Dog": [
708
        "The Bernese Mountain Dog is a giant dog breed.",
709
        "The Bernese Mountain Dog originated around the city of Berne, for which it is named.",
710
        "The Bernese is one of the shortest-lived dog breeds, compared both to other breeds of a similar size and to purebred dogs in general. The average life expectancy of a Bernese Mountain Dog is approximately 7 to 8 years.",
711
        "The Bernese mountain dog stands 58 to 70 cm (23 to 27.5 inches) and weighs from 35 to 80 kg (75 to 120 lb).",
712
        "An excellent family dog, the Bernese Mountain Dog gets along well with children and most other pets and loves to be included in all family activities. Breed aficionados love the Bernese Mountain Dog's intelligence and devotion to family. They are protective but not aggressive, loyal but independent, and energetic but not exhausting.",
713
        "Bernese Mountain Dogs need a minimum of 30 minutes of daily exercise. Although a nice long walk will do, Bernese Mountain Dogs are highly versatile, excelling at competitive obedience, agility, tracking, and of course, carting.",
714
        "The German name for the Bernese Mountain Dog is Berner Sennenhund. The name Sennenhund is derived from the German Senne meaning \"alpine pasture\" and Hund \u2013 hound/dog, as they accompanied the alpine herders and dairymen called Senn.",
715
        "By 1910, there were already 107 registered members of the breed. There is a photo of a working Bernese Mountain Dog, dated 1905 at the Fumee Fall rest area in Quinnesec, MI.",
716
        "In the US the Bernese Mountain Dog is growing in popularity.",
717
        "On average, price for this breed is between $800-$2 thousands. According to NextDayPets, the median price for all Bernese Mountain Dogs sold is $1 thousands.50. That number increases for dogs with superior lineage. Atop-quality dog with exceptional breed lines generally starts at $2 thousands and can go as high as $10 thousands or even more."
718
    ],
719
    "Binturong": [
720
        "The binturong (Arctictis binturong) also known as bearcat is a catlike carnivore of the civet family (Viverridae).",
721
        "The binturong is found in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, China, Indonesia and the Philippines.",
722
        "Binturongs are primarily arboreal and live in the canopies of tall, dense, tropical forests.",
723
        "Binturongs are found from sea level up to 1 thousands meters (3 thousands feet) above sea level.",
724
        "The lifespan of a binturong is from 18 years in the wild and up to 25 in captivity.",
725
        "The binturonga is the largest species in the civet family.",
726
        "Binturongs are one of two carnivorous species that have a prehensile tail (the other is the kinkajou). A prehensile tail is the tail of an animal that has adapted to be able to grasp or hold objects.",
727
        "Binturongs can swim fairly well and have good vision day or night.",
728
        "Binturongs are omnivorous, feeding on small mammals, birds, fish, earthworms, insects and fruits. Captive binturongs are particularly fond of plantains, but would also eat fowls' heads and eggs.",
729
        "The female binturong is one of only a few mammals that can experience delayed implantation, which allows the female to time the birth of her young with good environmental conditions. This means that mating can take place anytime of the year, because the female can control when her babies are born.",
730
        "Major threats to the binturong are habitat loss and degradation of forests through logging and conversion of forests to non-forest land-uses throughout the binturong's range.",
731
        "The real meaning of the word binturong is lost now, as the local language that used it is extinct.",
732
        "Binturongs have an important job in the forests where they are found. Through their fecal deposits (poop), they help spread seeds from the fruits they eat, helping to replant the rain forest. They also help with pest control, since they catch and eat rodents."
733
    ],
734
    "Bird": [
735
        "The birds of paradise are members of the family Paradisaeidae of the order Passeriformes.",
736
        "There are an estimated 42 species of bird of paradise.",
737
        "Size varies depending on species, from the king bird of paradise at approximately 15 centimeters (5.9 inches) to the black sicklebill at 110 centimeters (43 inches).",
738
        "Most species are distinguished by striking colors and bright plumage of yellow, blue, scarlet, and green. These colors distinguish them as some of the world's most dramatic and attractive birds.",
739
        "The majority of birds of paradise are sexual dimorphic (a difference in coloration between genders). Males have brightly colored and elaborate plumage while the females' plumage is more drab.",
740
        "The feeding habits of birds of paradise are not well known, but it is believed that most species are fruit eaters. Most birds of paradise also eat insects; they have been observed tearing apart dead wood to get to insects. Some species have been seen eating seeds, frogs and reptiles.",
741
        "The 42 species of birds of paradise look very different from each other, and they also also sound very different from each other. But researchers are only beginning to investigate their calls in detail. The sounds they make run the gamut from basic squawks, to seemingly mechanical noises, to melodious whistles, to sounds that don't involve their voices at all.",
742
        "Birds of paradise tend to be solitary birds and only come together to mate.",
743
        "Males put their bright colors and unusual ornaments to good use when they display for females. Most males perform bizarre and complex courtship displays to attract potential female mates. Some species perform solo while others perform in large groups known as leks. After mating, most female birds of paradise will leave and raise their young alone.",
744
        "Birds-of-paradise build their nests from soft materials, such as leaves, ferns, and vine tendrils, typically placed in a tree fork.",
745
        "Little is known of wild bird of paradise behavior, but it is thought that natural predators include hawks and snakes. Eggs and chicks are the most vulnerable to attack.",
746
        "Not all birds within the bird of paradise taxonomic family carry the bird of paradise name; there are also sicklebills, astrapias, paradigallas, riflebirds, parotias, manucodes, and the paradise-crow.",
747
        "Many zoos have received shipments of female birds of paradise, only to discover, several years later, that their females were really males! For some species, it takes many years before the male has his fanciful adult plumage.",
748
        "Carola's Parotia bird of paradise performs some of the most complex courtship dances in the animal kingdom.",
749
        "Not all bird of paradise species are brightly colored or have fancy feathered \"ornaments.\"",
750
        "Hunting of birds of paradise has occurred for a long time, possibly since the beginning of human settlement.",
751
        "Bird of paradise plumes are used as currency by certain New Guinea tribes.",
752
        "Humans have used bird of paradise plumes as symbols of power, wealth, or sexuality for centuries.",
753
        "A male Raggiana bird of paradise is on the flag and stamps of Papua New Guinea. The bird is important in social and cultural activities, and its plumes are often used as ceremonial decoration.",
754
        "The plume from the bird of paradise was used in the Royal crown worn by the King of Nepal, before the establishment of a republic. Now, the crown is housed in Naraynhiti Palace Museum.",
755
        "The first record of birds of paradise in European literature was in 1522.",
756
        "The southern hemisphere constellation Apus represents a bird-of-paradise.",
757
        "The bird-of-paradise plant was discovered by Europeans after they'd already discovered the avian bird of paradise. Since the two resembled each other, the plants were named for the birds."
758
    ],
759
    "Birds Of Paradise": [
760
        "The birds of paradise are members of the family Paradisaeidae of the order Passeriformes.",
761
        "The majority of birds of paradise are sexual dimorphic (a difference in coloration between genders). Males have brightly colored and elaborate plumage while the females' plumage is more drab.",
762
        "The feeding habits of birds of paradise are not well known, but it is believed that most species are fruit eaters. Most birds of paradise also eat insects; they have been observed tearing apart dead wood to get to insects. Some species have been seen eating seeds, frogs and reptiles.",
763
        "The 42 species of birds of paradise look very different from each other, and they also also sound very different from each other. But researchers are only beginning to investigate their calls in detail. The sounds they make run the gamut from basic squawks, to seemingly mechanical noises, to melodious whistles, to sounds that don't involve their voices at all.",
764
        "Birds of paradise tend to be solitary birds and only come together to mate.",
765
        "Males put their bright colors and unusual ornaments to good use when they display for females. Most males perform bizarre and complex courtship displays to attract potential female mates. Some species perform solo while others perform in large groups known as leks. After mating, most female birds of paradise will leave and raise their young alone.",
766
        "Many zoos have received shipments of female birds of paradise, only to discover, several years later, that their females were really males! For some species, it takes many years before the male has his fanciful adult plumage.",
767
        "Hunting of birds of paradise has occurred for a long time, possibly since the beginning of human settlement.",
768
        "The first record of birds of paradise in European literature was in 1522."
769
    ],
770
    "Birman": [
771
        "The Birman also called the \"Sacred Cat of Burma\", is one of the oldest cat breeds.",
772
        "It is a long-haired domestic cat distinguished by its striking, sapphire blue eyes. In addition to the eyes, a trademark sign of a Birman cat are symmetrical white paws likened to that of gloves.",
773
        "The Birman has a typical lifespan of 12 to 16 years.",
774
        "The typical Birman cat has an overall height of 20 to 25 cm (8 to 10 in) and body length of 33 to 46 cm (15 to 18 in). An average Birman weighs between 4 and 5 kg (10 and 12 lb).",
775
        "Birmans have a calm, docile and friendly nature that makes them an excellent choice for almost any household situation.",
776
        "The breed name is derived from Birmanie, the French form of Burma.",
777
        "The origin of the Birman cat is not well known, with much of his history tied in with cultural legends.",
778
        "The arrival of the Birman in Europe began in 1919 with two Englishmen, Major Gordon Russell and August Pavie, who were living in France at the time. They received a pair of Birmans from the Kittah people in gratitude for their part in saving the temple from being over run by invading enemies.",
779
        "In 1959, the first pair of Birman cats arrived in the United States, and in 1967 CFA officially accepted the Birman. Since then, the Birman has flourished in North America and has become a popular and well-known breed. Today, the Birman is one of the most popular longhaired breeds.",
780
        "Birman kittens tend to be quieter and calmer than other breeds. They may be more inclined to cuddle than explore, and are usually less likely to try out their new claws during play.",
781
        "Like all color point cats, Birman kittens are born all white and develop their color as they mature. They start developing their colours at the age of 1 week if they have a dark colour (as seal-point) and at the age of 14 days, or more, if they have a clear colour (as lilac-point). The first part which develops the colour are the points of ears, nose and tail. The real colour is complete at two years old and after a wintry season.",
782
        "Birman kittens can cost, on average, anywhere between $400 and $600."
783
    ],
784
    "Bison": [
785
        "Millions of bison once thundered across North America. These massive animals, characterized by their long, shaggy brown coats, have poor eyesight but acute hearing and an excellent sense of smell.",
786
        "Bison, symbolic animals of the Great Plains, are often mistakenly called buffaloes.",
787
        "Bison have a life expectancy of approximately 15 years in the wild and up to 25 years in captivity.",
788
        "Bison stand some 1.5 to 2 meters (5 to 6.5 feet) tall at the shoulder, and can tip the scales at over a ton.",
789
        "Despite their massive size, bison are quick on their feet. When the need arises they can run at speeds up to 65 kilometers (40 miles) an hour.",
790
        "Known for roaming great distances, bison move continuously as they eat.",
791
        "Newborn calves have a reddish, light brown coat and lack the distinctive hump of the adult bison.They begin turning brown and developing the hump after a few months.",
792
        "Bison have few natural predators because of their size, wolves, mountain lions and bears do attack the very young or very old bison.",
793
        "Bison once covered the Great Plains and much of North America, and were critically important to Plains Indian societies.",
794
        "During the 19th century, settlers killed some 50 million bison for food, sport, and to deprive Native Americans of their most important natural asset.",
795
        "Of the remaining American bison population, approximately 500 thousands individuals are managed in human care as livestock by private commercial ventures, while conservation herds are comprised of around 30 thousands individuals."
796
    ],
797
    "Bloodhound": [
798
        "The Bloodhound is a breed of dog in the hound family.",
799
        "Bloodhounds are famous for its incredible tracking ability by scent.",
800
        "Because of their extraordinarily keen sense of smell and tenacious tracking instinct Bloodhounds are used by police and law enforcement all over the world to track escaped prisoners, missing people, and lost pets.",
801
        "The average lifespan for a Bloodhound is about 7 to 12 years. It is one of the shortest-lived of dog breeds.",
802
        "The Bloodhound is from 58 to 69 centimeters (23 to 27 inches) tall and weighs from 36 to 72 kilograms (80 to 160 pounds).",
803
        "Bloodhounds have an affectionate and even-tempered nature with humans, making them excellent family pets.",
804
        "Bloodhounds are descendants from St. Hubert hounds.",
805
        "References to bloodhounds first appear in English writing in the early to mid 14th century, in contexts that suggest the breed was well established by then.",
806
        "It seems that from the earliest times the Bloodhound was used to track people. There are stories written in Medieval Scotland of Robert the Bruce, and William Wallace being followed by 'sleuth-hounds'.",
807
        "The earliest known report of a trial of the Bloodhound's trailing abilities comes from the scientist Robert Boyle, who described how a Bloodhound tracked a man seven miles along a route frequented by people, and found him in an upstairs room of a house.",
808
        "When the first Bloodhounds were exported to the US is not known. They were used to track runaway slaves before the American Civil War, but it has been questioned whether the dogs used were genuine Bloodhounds.",
809
        "However, in the later part of the 19th century, and in the next, more pure Bloodhounds were introduced from Britain, and bred in America, especially after 1888, when the English breeder, Edwin Brough, brought three of his hounds to exhibit at the Westminster KC show in New York City.",
810
        "Bloodhounds in America have been more widely used in tracking lost people and criminals \u2013 often with brilliant success \u2013 than in Britain, and the history of the Bloodhound in America is full of the man-trailing exploits of outstanding Bloodhounds and their expert handlers, the most famous hound being Nick Carter.",
811
        "During the later 19th century, numbers of Bloodhounds were imported from Britain by French enthusiasts, who regretted the extinction of the ancient St Hubert.",
812
        "The word 'bloodhound' is recorded from c. 1330. Most recent accounts say that its etymological meaning is 'hound of pure or noble blood'. This derives from an original suggestion of Le Couteulx de Canteleu in the nineteenth century, which has been enthusiastically and uncritically espoused by later writers, perhaps because it absolved this undoubtedly good-natured dog from suggestions of blood-thirstiness.",
813
        "Before then, 'bloodhound' had been taken to mean, 'hound for blood', or 'blood-seeking hound'. This was the explanation put forward by John Caius, who was one of the most learned men of his time, and had an interest in etymology, in the sixteenth century.",
814
        "A common misconception is that Bloodhounds are employed in packs \u2013 while this is sometimes the case in Britain, where foxhound blood is mixed into them to increase speed, in North America, Bloodhounds are used as solitary trackers. When they are on a trail, they are usually silent and do not give voice as other scent-hounds.",
815
        "Nevertheless, the Bloodhound bay is among the most impressive of hound voices. When hunting in a pack, they are expected to be in full cry.",
816
        "Tigger the bloodhound holds the record for the Longest ears on a dog ever, with his lengthy lobes measuring 34.9 cm (13.75 in) and 34.2 cm (13.5 in) for the right and left respectively.",
817
        "Pluto, pet of Mickey Mouse, officially a mixed-breed dog, but designed after a pair of bloodhounds from The Chain Gang (1930). Pluto appeared in 24 Mickey Mouse films before his own series was released in 1937."
818
    ],
819
    "Blue Jay": [
820
        "The blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata) is a songbird that belongs to the family Corvidae.",
821
        "Blue jays live in deciduous, coniferous and mixed forests throughout the eastern and central areas of the United States, and southern Canada. They also can be found in parks and suburban residential areas, and are frequent guests of backyard bird feeders.",
822
        "Blue jays have been recorded to live for more than 26 years in captivity and one wild jay was found to have been around 17 and a half years old.",
823
        "The blue jay measures 22\u201330 cm (9\u201312 inches) from bill to tail and weighs 70\u2013100 g (2.5\u20133.5 oz), with a wingspan of 34\u201343 cm (13\u201317 in).",
824
        "As with most other blue-hued birds, the blue jay's coloration is not derived from pigments but is the result of light interference due to the internal structure of the feathers; if a blue feather is crushed, the blue disappears because the structure is destroyed.",
825
        "The molting of the feathers all over the body and wings for the blue jay lasts about six weeks, between June and July. During this process the skin is covered, but the coating is not very thick.",
826
        "Blue jays are omnivores. They eats fruits and other berries, acorns, seeds, nuts, insects, mice, frogs and rarely eggs and nestlings.",
827
        "When a blue jay eats nuts, it holds the nut with its feet and cracks it open with its bill.",
828
        "The blue jay is a seed spreader. It often buries food to eat later. Some seeds and nuts are never recovered and grow into trees and other plants!",
829
        "The blue jay is very aggressive and territorial. Groups of blue jays often attack intruders and predators. They often drive other birds away from bird feeders.",
830
        "The blue jay is a moderately slow flier (roughly 32\u201340 km/h (20\u201325 mph)) when unprovoked. It flies with body and tail held level, with slow wing beats. Due to its slow flying speeds, this species makes easy prey for hawks and owls when flying in open areas.",
831
        "Blue jays form long-lasting, monogamous pair bonds. These bonds usually last until one of the pair dies.",
832
        "Blue jays will actively defend their nests against predators. Both parents will attack and chase hawks, falcons, raccoons, cats, snakes, squirrels, and even humans away from their nests.",
833
        "Blue jay populations are on the rise, and they are often very common where they occur.",
834
        "In old African American folklore of the southern United States, the blue jay was held to be a servant of the Devil, and \"was not encountered on a Friday as he was fetching sticks down to Hell; furthermore, he was so happy and chirpy on a Saturday as he was relieved to return from Hell\".",
835
        "The blue jay was adopted as the team symbol of the Toronto Blue Jays Major League Baseball team, as well as some of their minor league affiliates. Their mascot is Ace, also a blue jay."
836
    ],
837
    "Blue Whale": [
838
        "Blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) are the largest animals ever known to have lived on Earth.",
839
        "Blue whales are baleen whales \u2013 a suborder of whales that can filter tiny organisms out of the sea with their bristly baleen mouth combs.",
840
        "The blue whale has a truly global distribution, occurring in all oceans except the Arctic, and enclosed seas. But despite this, they are one of the rarest of the whales, numbering between 10 thousands-25 thousands.",
841
        "The blue whale has an average lifespan of 80 to 90 years. A way to tell a whale's age is to look at growth layers in their ear plug. The oldest whale estimated using this method was 110 years.",
842
        "Blue whales can grow to be up to 33.3 meters (109 ft) in length and may weigh up to 181 tonnes (200 US tons).",
843
        "By comparison, one of the largest known dinosaurs of the Mesozoic Era was Argentinosaurus, which is estimated to have weighed up to 90 tonnes (99 short tons), comparable to the average blue whale.",
844
        "A blue whale's heart is the size of a Volkswagen Beetle and pumps 9 tonnes (10 US tons) of blood through the massive blue whale body. A blue whale aorta (the main blood vessel) alone is large enough for a human to crawl through.",
845
        "A blue whale's tongue weighs around 2.7 tonnes (3 US tons) and, when fully expanded, its mouth is large enough to hold up to 90 tonnes (99 US tons) of food and water.",
846
        "Blue whales look true blue underwater, but on the surface their coloring is more a mottled bluish gray. Their underbellies take on a yellowish hue from the millions of microorganisms that take up residence in their skin.",
847
        "The blue whale has a long tapering body that appears stretched in comparison with the stockier build of other whales.",
848
        "A small triangular-shaped dorsal fin is located on the blue whale's back. This fin measures only 30 centimeters (1 foot) in height. The shape and size of the dorsal fin can be very different for each whale. The whale's flippers are short and the tail is broad and triangular in shape.",
849
        "When breathing, the whale emits a vertical single-column spout, typically 9 meters (30 ft) high, but reaching up to 12 meters (39 ft). Its lung capacity is 5 thousands liters (1 thousands US gal). Blue whales have twin blowholes shielded by a large splashguard.",
850
        "Blue whales can dive for up to an hour at a time, but their dive will generally last about 10 to 20 minutes.",
851
        "Blue whales can dive to depths of 500 meters (1 thousands feet), but they usually feed around depths of less than 100 meters (330 feet).",
852
        " Blue whales can usually be seen traveling alone or in groups made up of 2 to 4 individuals.",
853
        "In locations where there is a high concentration of food, as many as 50 blue whales have been seen scattered over a small area.",
854
        "Blue whales migrate often, which means they move from place to place many times throughout their lives. They like to spend the winters in temperate and subtropical regions, migrating to the polar regions in the spring and summer.",
855
        "The blue whale can produce the loudest sound of any animal. At 188 decibels, the noise can be detected over 800 kilometers (500 miles) away. A passenger jet at take off makes a noise that is between 120 and 140 decibels.",
856
        "A blue whale vocalizes by means low-frequency moans, pulses, buzzes, rasps, and ultrasonic clicks.",
857
        " The whales' only natural predator is the orca. Studies report that as many as 25% of mature blue whales have scars resulting from orca attacks.",
858
        "Blue whales were abundant in nearly all the oceans on Earth until the beginning of the twentieth century. For over a century, they were hunted almost to extinction by whalers until protected by the international community in 1966.",
859
        "The IUCN Red List counts the blue whale as \"endangered\", as it has since the list's inception.",
860
        "Blue whales may be encountered (but rarely) on whale-watching cruises in the Gulf of Maine and are the main attractions along the north shore of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and in the Saint Lawrence estuary."
861
    ],
862
    "Bobcat": [
863
        "The bobcat (Lynx rufus) is known by lots of names: wildcat, bay lynx, and lynx cat.",
864
        "Bobcats are found throughout North America from southern Canada to southern Mexico.",
865
        "The bobcat is the most commonly known wildcat in North America.",
866
        "Bobcats can be found in a variety of habitats, including forests, semi-deserts, mountains, and brushland.",
867
        "Bobcats are known to live up to 12 years in the wild, but the average life expectancy is probably closer to 7 years. In captivity, bobcats live 20-25 years, with the oldest living to 32 years.",
868
        "Bobcats look very similar to Canadian lynx. But bobcats have smaller feet and don't have the furry soles of the other lynx, so they are not as well equipped to live in areas of heavy snow.",
869
        "Bobcats range in length from 65 to 105 cm (26 to 41 in), with the tail adding an extra 11 to 19 cm (4 to 7.5 in). They are 45 to 58 cm (18 to 23 in) high at the shoulder and weigh between 4 and 15 kg (9 and 33 lb).",
870
        "The face appears wide due to ruffs of extended hair beneath the ears. Bobcat eyes are yellow with black pupils. The nose of the bobcat is pinkish-red, and it has a base color of gray or yellowish- or brownish-red on its face, sides, and back.",
871
        "The bobcat is muscular, and its hind legs are longer than its front legs, giving it a bobbing gait.",
872
        "Bobcats are crepuscular, meaning that they are most active at dawn and at dusk. It keeps on the move from three hours before sunset until about midnight, and then again from before dawn until three hours after sunrise.",
873
        "Like all cats, bobcats have excellent vision and hearing and a well-developed sense of smell.",
874
        "Bobcats can run at up to 48 km/h (30 mph) and they put their back feet in the same spots where their front feet stepped to reduce noise when hunting.",
875
        "Bobcats are good climbers and can escape up a tree, if needed, but they'd rather spend their time on the ground.",
876
        "Bobcats can swim if they have to, but it's not their first choice!",
877
        "Like most cats, the bobcat is territorial and largely solitary, although with some overlap in home ranges. It uses several methods to mark its territorial boundaries, including claw marks and deposits of urine or feces.",
878
        "Bobcats communicate through scent, visual signals, and vocalizations.",
879
        "The vocalizations made by bobcats include meows, growls, snarls, hisses, yowls, caterwauls, squalls and screams.",
880
        "The mating system of bobcats is similar to that of domestic cats. Males and females are only together for the brief time required for courtship and mating, and both males and females may have more than one mate.",
881
        "Bobcats usually mate in the early spring, although the timing is variable. After a gestation of 60 to 70 days, a litter of one to six, but usually two to four, kittens are born. The young open their eyes for the first time when they are 10 days old, and they nurse through their second month. Young bobcats strike out on their own during the winter, when they are about 8 months old.",
882
        "The adult bobcat has few predators other than humans, although it may be killed in interspecific conflict. Cougars and gray wolves can kill adult bobcats, a behavior repeatedly observed in Yellowstone National Park. Kittens may be taken by several predators, including owls, eagles, foxes, coyotes, and bears, as well as other adult male bobcats.",
883
        "It is estimated that there are 725 thousands to 1 thousands thousands bobcats in the wild.",
884
        "In Native American mythology, the bobcat is often twinned with the figure of the coyote in a theme of duality.",
885
        "The bobcat and coyote are associated with the fog and wind, respectively\u2014two elements representing opposites in Native American folklore.",
886
        "In a Shawnee tale, the bobcat is outwitted by a rabbit, which gives rise to its spots. After trapping the rabbit in a tree, the bobcat is persuaded to build a fire, only to have the embers scattered on its fur, leaving it singed with dark brown spots."
887
    ],
888
    "Bonobo": [
889
        "Bonobos are one of humankind's closest living relatives, sharing more than 98% of our DNA.",
890
        "Bonobos are a great ape along with gorillas, orangutans and chimpanzees.",
891
        "Physically, they resemble chimpanzees, a close relative. In fact, earlier scientists thought the bonobo was just a smaller version of the common chimpanzee and so the term \"pygmy chimpanzee\" was used.",
892
        "They inhabit the heart of the Congo Basin, the second largest rainforest on Earth. The bonobo habitat spans approximately 500 thousands square kilometers (193 thousands square miles).",
893
        "The average lifespan of bonobos is 40 years in captivity; their lifespan in the wild is unknown.",
894
        "The adult male bonobo weighs between 34 to 60 kg (75 to 132), the female weighs an average of 30 kg (66 lb)",
895
        "The bonobo's head is relatively smaller than that of the common chimpanzee with less prominent brow ridges above the eyes. It has a black face with pink lips, small ears, wide nostrils, and long hair on its head that forms a parting.",
896
        "The bonobo also has a slim upper body, narrow shoulders, thin neck, and long legs when compared to the common chimpanzee.",
897
        "Bonobos are both terrestrial and arboreal.",
898
        "Bonobos are very comfortable in trees, swinging hand to hand through the branches, climbing up tree trunks, and leaping from one tree to another.",
899
        "Bonobos are highly social animals.",
900
        "Their communities are peace-loving and egalitarian. Bonobos are considered to have a matriarchal society, meaning that females have a higher social status than males and social interactions are female-centered and female-dominated. Females have strong social bonds amongst themselves, but they do not exclude males.",
901
        "Bonobo party size tends to vary because the groups exhibit a fission\u2013fusion pattern. A community of approximately 100 will split into small groups during the day while looking for food, and then will come back together to sleep. They sleep in nests that they construct in trees.",
902
        "Adult bonobos sometimes share a nest, which is a unique behavior among the great apes.",
903
        "Bonobos communicate using a wide range of vocalizations and gestures. They are the most vocal of the great apes, using complicated patterns of vocalizations to communicate detailed information.",
904
        "The communication system of wild bonobos includes a characteristic that was earlier only known in humans: bonobos use the same call to mean different things in different situations, and the other bonobos have to take the context into account when determining the meaning.",
905
        "Infants are born virtually helpless and must be carried everywhere by their mothers for the first two years. Youngsters stay close to Mom for several years while they grow and learn how to be a part of bonobo society. The mother gives birth every five to six years, allowing her time to bond with each offspring.",
906
        "Along with the common chimpanzee, the bonobo is the closest extant relative to humans. Because the two species are not proficient swimmers, the formation of the Congo River 1.5\u20132 million years ago possibly led to the speciation of the bonobo.",
907
        "Bonobos were described as a subspecies of chimpanzee in 1929 but identified as a separate species in 1933. They still are the least understood of the great apes.",
908
        "Some scientists believe that bonobos are the most intelligent of the primates (other than humans, of course!). Maybe that's because they share many of our human behaviors, such as teaching their young social skills, using tools to get food, and working together for the good of the entire troop.",
909
        "Bonobos are especially known for their ability to get along: unlike humans or chimpanzees, they have never been observed killing one of their own kind.",
910
        "The name \"bonobo\" first appeared in 1954, when Eduard Paul Tratz and Heinz Heck proposed it as a new and separate generic term for pygmy chimpanzees. The name is thought to be a misspelling on a shipping crate from the town of Bolobo on the Congo River, which was associated with the collection of chimps in the 1920s. The term has also been reported as being a word for \"ancestor\" in an extinct Bantu language."
911
    ],
912
    "Border Collie": [
913
        "The Border Collie is a working and herding dog breed.",
914
        "This breed is extremely driven, loyal, and hard-working. Border collies are happiest when they are working or playing, and will only settle down for cuddle time when the work day is done.",
915
        "The Border Collie is the most well known breed for herding sheep throughout the world.",
916
        "The lifespan of the Border Collie is usually from 10 to 17 years, with an average lifespan of 12 years.",
917
        "Border collies are medium-sized dogs. \u2022 Males are from 48 to 56 cm (19 to 22 in) tall and waigh from 14 to 20 kg (31 to 44 lb). \u2022 Females are from 46 to 53 cm (18 to 21 in) tall and waigh from 12 to 19 kg (26 to 42 lb).",
918
        "While black and white is the most commonly seen color pattern of the Border Collie, the breed appears in just about any color and pattern known to occur in dogs.",
919
        "Dogs bred for show are more homogeneous in appearance than working border collies, since to win in conformation showing they must conform closely to breed club standards that are specific on many points of the structure, coat, and color.",
920
        "In general, the American Border Collie Association considers a dog's appearance to be irrelevant. Instead, it is considered more useful to identify a working border collie by its attitude and ability.",
921
        "The border collie is descended from landrace collies, a type found widely in the British Isles.",
922
        "The border collie has remained true to its origins as a hardy, diligent, working dog.",
923
        "Wiston Cap (b. 28 September 1963) is the dog that the International Sheep Dog Society badge portrays in the characteristic border collie herding pose. He was a popular stud dog in the history of the breed, and his bloodline can be seen in most bloodlines of the modern-day collie.",
924
        "Border collies compete in trials under the auspices of a number of groups, the oldest being the International Sheepdog Society, which held its first international trial in Scotland in 1906.",
925
        "Border collies are known for glaring at sheep in order to intimidate the stock into doing what they want \u2013 this trait is known as \"eye\" and comes perhaps from the collie's wolf ancestor who stares down a victim and establishes dominance before attacking.",
926
        "The border collie's speed, agility, and stamina have allowed them to dominate in dog activities like flyball and disc dog competitions.",
927
        "Research by the award-winning Stanley Coren (USA), Professor of Psychology at the University of British Columbia \u2013 and the polling of 200 professional dog obedience judges \u2013 has revealed that the most intelligent of all dog breeds is the border collie, followed by the poodle and German shepherd."
928
    ],
929
    "Boston Terrier": [
930
        "The Boston Terrier is a breed of dog originating in the United States.",
931
        "Boston Terriers are indeed known for their loud snoring. Their abridged muzzle can interrupt breathing, which then leads to snoring, grunting, wheezing, and other noises.",
932
        "The average lifespan of the Boston Terrier is 12 to 14 years.",
933
        "The adult Boston terrier stands 38 to 43 centimeters (15 to 17 inches) tall and weighs 6 to 11 kilograms (13\u201325 pounds).",
934
        "The Boston terrier breed originated around 1875, when Robert C. Hooper of Boston purchased from Edward Burnett a dog named Judge, which was of a Bulldog and the now-extinct white English Terrier.",
935
        "A breed historian describes Judge as a \"strongly built, high stationed dog of about thirty-two pounds weight. In color he was a dark brindle, with a white stripe in the face. His head was square and blocky, and he resembled the present Boston Terrier in that he had a nearly even mouth.\"",
936
        "Judge is directly related to the original bull and terrier breeds of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The American Kennel Club cites Judge as the ancestor of all true modern Boston Terriers.",
937
        "Shortly after, at the suggestion of James Watson (a noted writer and authority), the club changed its name to the Boston Terrier Club and in 1893 it was admitted to membership in the American Kennel Club, thus making it the first US breed to be recognized.",
938
        "The Boston Terrier was the first non-sporting dog breed in the US.",
939
        "From 1905 to 1939, the Boston Terrier was the most popular dog in the United States and today remains a popular and devoted companion dog.",
940
        "The Boston Terrier has lost most of its aggressive nature, preferring the company of humans, although some males will still challenge other dogs if they feel their territory is being invaded.",
941
        "Boston University has used Rhett the Boston Terrier as their mascot since 1922.",
942
        "The Boston Terrier has also been the official state dog of Massachusetts since 1979.",
943
        "On average, the Boston Terrier price usually ranges from $600-$1 thousands. According to NextDayPets, the median price for all Boston Terriers sold is $800. That number increases for dogs with superior lineage. A top-quality dog with exceptional breed lines can cost $1 thousands-$4 thousands.",
944
        "Boston Terriers are expensive because they are relatively rare. While they are super common in some parts of the USA and the world, they are extremely rare in others. This causes the prices to go up significantly.",
945
        "With a short, shiny, smooth coat, Boston Terriers require little grooming. Bostons produce light shedding, and weekly brushing of their fine coat is effective at removing loose hair."
946
    ],
947
    "Bottlenose Dolphin": [
948
        "Bottlenose dolphins (genus Tursiops) are most common and well-known members of the family of oceanic dolphin.",
949
        "There are three species of bottlenose dolphins: \u2022 the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), found in the temperate, subtropical and tropical oceans worldwide. \u2022 the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) found in the waters around India, northern Australia, South China, the Red Sea, and the eastern coast of Africa. \u2022 the Burrunan dolphin (Tursiops australis) found only in waters off Australia's southern and southeastern shores",
950
        "Bottlenose dolphins have a lifespan of about 40 to 50 years. Females typically live 5-10 years longer than males, with some females exceeding 60 years.",
951
        "Bottlenose dolphins range in lengths from 2 to 4 meters (6.6 to 13.1 ft) and weight from 150 to 650 kilograms (330 to 1 thousands lb).",
952
        "Bottlenose dolphins have a sleek, streamlined, fusiform body.",
953
        "Bottlenose dolphins seem to be always smiling because of the slight upturn to the corner of their mouths.",
954
        "Bottlenose dolphins are grey, varying from dark grey at the top near the dorsal fin to very light grey and almost white at the underside. This countershading makes them hard to see; When viewed from above, a dolphin's dark back surface blends with the murky depths. When seen from below, a dolphin's lighter belly blends with the bright sea surface.",
955
        "Bottlenose dolphins are super swimmers, gliding through the water using their curved dorsal fin on their back, a powerful tail and pointed flippers.",
956
        "The bottlenose dolphin typically rises to the surface to breathe through its blowhole two to three times per minute, although it can remain submerged for up to 20 minutes.",
957
        "The deepest dive ever recorded for a bottlenose dolphin was 300 meters (990 feet) by Tuffy, a bottlenose dolphin trained by the US Navy.",
958
        "Bottlenose dolphins hear tones with a frequency up to 160 kHz with the greatest sensitivity ranging from 40 to 100 kHz. The average hearing range for humans is about 0.02 to 20 kHz.",
959
        "Bottlenose dolphins have acute vision both in and out of the water. A dolphin's eye is particularly adapted for seeing under water.",
960
        "Bottlenose dolphins live in groups typically of 10\u201330 members, called pods, but group size varies from single individuals up to more than 1 thousands.",
961
        "Bottlenose dolphins communicate with each other in different ways. They squeak and whistle and use body language\u2014leaping as high as 6 meters (20 feet) in the air, snapping their jaws, slapping their tails on the surface of the water, and even butting heads.",
962
        "A bottlenose dolphin's diet consists mainly of fish, squid and crustaceans. An adult dolphin may eat 7 \u2013 13.5 kilograms (15 \u2013 30 pounds) of food each day.",
963
        "Bottlenose Dolphins often work as a team to harvest fish schools, but they also hunt individually. They search for prey primarily using echolocation.",
964
        "Bottlenose dolphins may breed throughout the year. Male and female bottlenose dolphins have multiple mates in a given reproductive season.",
965
        "Some large shark species, such as the tiger shark, the dusky shark, the great white shark and the bull shark, prey on the bottlenose dolphin, especially calves.",
966
        "The bottlenose dolphin is capable of defending itself by charging the predator; dolphin 'mobbing' behavior of sharks can occasionally prove fatal for the shark.",
967
        "While bottlenose dolphins are not categorized as endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, they are undoubtedly at risk from the commercial fishing industry and habitat destruction.",
968
        "Bottlenose dolphins have the second largest encephalization levels (the amount of brain mass related to an animal's total body mass) of any mammal on Earth (humans have the largest), which more than likely contributes to their incredibly high intelligence and emotional intelligence.",
969
        "Research suggests that bottlenose dolphins are self-aware, a trait which is considered to be a sign of highly-developed, abstract thinking. One such indicator is that they have been shown to be able to recognise themselves in a mirror.",
970
        "Bottlenose dolphins have the longest social memories of any nonhuman species. They have been shown to recognize the unique whistles of individual dolphins they once associated with some 20 years after becoming separated from them.",
971
        "Bottlenose dolphins gained popularity from aquarium shows and television programs such as Flipper."
972
    ],
973
    "Brown Bear": [
974
        "The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a large bear with the widest distribution of any bear species.",
975
        "The brown bear's principal range includes parts of Russia, Central Asia, China, Canada, the United States (mostly Alaska), Scandinavia and the Carpathian region (especially Romania), Anatolia, and Caucasus.",
976
        "Brown bears can be found in many habitats, from the fringes of deserts to high mountain forests and ice fields. In Europe, the brown bear is mostly found in mountain woodlands, in Siberia it occurs primarily in forests while in North America they prefer tundra, alpine meadows and coastlines. The species' main requirements are areas with dense cover in which they can shelter by day.",
977
        "There are 16 subspecies of brown bears including grizzly bears and Kodiak bears.",
978
        "The brown bear is a naturally long-lived animal. The average lifespan in the wild is about 25 years. The oldest wild brown bear on record was nearly 37 years old. The oldest brown bear in captivity have been verified to live up to 47 years, with one captive male possibly attaining 50 years of age.",
979
        "The brown bear is one of the two largest terrestrial carnivorans alive today, rivaled in body size only by its close cousin, the polar bear (Ursus maritimus), which is much less variable in size and averages larger due to this.",
980
        "The size of brown bears is the most variable of modern bears. The typical size depends upon which population it is from, and most accepted races vary widely in size.",
981
        "The normal range of physical dimensions for a brown bear is a head-and-body length of 1.4 to 2.8 m (4 ft 7 in to 9 ft 2 in) and a shoulder height of 70 to 153 cm (2 ft 4 in to 5 ft 0 in).",
982
        "Brown bears are often not fully brown. Brown bears have long, thick fur, with a moderately long mane at the back of the neck which varies somewhat across the races. In India, brown bears can be reddish with silver tips, while in China, brown bears are bicolored with a yellow-brown or whitish cape across the neck, chest, and shoulders. North American grizzlies can be dark brown (almost black) to cream (almost white) or yellowish brown and often have darker colored legs.",
983
        "One thing all brown bears around the world have in common is a hump of muscle on their back between the shoulders. Combined with huge paws and long front claws, the muscles make these animals powerful diggers.",
984
        "Brown bears have very large and curved claws, those present on the forelimbs being longer than those on the hind limbs. They may reach 5 to 6 centimeters (2.0 to 2.4 in) and may measure 7 to 10 centimeters (2.8 to 3.9 in) along the curve. The rear feet of adult bears have been found to typically measure 21 to 36 cm (8.3 to 14.2 in) long, while the forefeet tend to measure about 40% less in length.",
985
        "Due to their claw structure, in addition to their excessive weight, adult brown bears cannot typically climb trees as can both species of black bear, although in rare cases adult female brown bears have been seen in trees.",
986
        "Despite their enormous size, brown bears are extremely fast, having been clocked at speeds of 50 kilometers (30 miles) per hour.",
987
        "The home range of a brown bear is extremely large, reaching up to 2 thousands square kilometers (770 square miles) in males, however they are not highly territorial.",
988
        "The brown bear is often described as nocturnal. However, it frequently seems to peak in activity in the morning and early evening hours. Studies have shown that activity throughout the range can occur at nearly any time of night or day, with bears who dwell in areas with more extensive human contact being more likely to be fully nocturnal.",
989
        "Brown bears tend to be solitary animals, except for females and their cubs; although they may gather in large numbers at major food sources (e.g., moth colonies, open garbage dumps or rivers holding spawning salmon). In these cases, a dominance hierarchy involving aggression is established. While it is large adult males that are the highest-ranking, the most aggressive individuals are females that have young.",
990
        "Brown bears are omnivorous. Most brown bears are not highly carnivorous, as they derive up to 90% of their dietary food energy from vegetable matter. Their diet varies with the season \u2013 from grass and shoots in the spring to berries and apples in the summer, nuts and plums in autumn. All year round they eat roots, insects, mammals, fish, reptiles, and of course, honey.",
991
        "In the Kamchatka peninsula and several parts of coastal Alaska, including Kodiak Island, brown bears feed largely on spawning salmon, whose nutrition and abundance explain the enormous size of the bears in these areas.",
992
        "In fall a brown bear may eat as much as 40 kilograms (90 pounds) of food each day, and it may weigh twice as much before hibernation as it will in spring.",
993
        "Brown bears hibernate throughout winter, preserving energy by reducing heart rate and body temperature by a few degrees. Hibernation takes place in a den, often dug into a sheltered slope, in which the bear may survive for over half a year without eating, drinking, urinating or defecating",
994
        "Brown bears mate from May to July, and a gestation of 180 to 266 days follows, with births occurring from January to March, usually while the female is still in hibernation. She generally lays down two to three offspring, and breeds again 2 to 4 years later.",
995
        "While the brown bear's range has shrunk and it has faced local extinctions, it remains listed as a least concern species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).",
996
        "There are approximately 200 thousands brown bears left in the world. The largest populations are in Russia with 120 thousands, the United States with 32 thousands, and Canada with around 25 thousands.",
997
        "Brown bears can be dangerous to humans, particularly if surprised or if a person gets between a mother bear and her cubs.",
998
        "Native American tribes sympatric with brown bears often view them with a mixture of awe and fear.",
999
        "Brown bears often figure into the literature of Europe and North America, in particular that which is written for children."
1000
    ],
1001
    "Buffalo": [
1002
        "Buffalo wings are deep-fried, unbreaded chicken wings or drums coated with a vinegar-based cayenne pepper hot sauce and melted butter.",
1003
        "Unsurprisingly, neither the origin of the name nor the food item itself have anything to do with actual buffalo, nor American Bison which many people call buffalo even though they are not.",
1004
        "Rather, this tasty item originated in Buffalo, New York, with most foodstorians indicating buffalo wings probably were first served in the Anchor Bar there.",
1005
        "As for how Buffalo, New York got its name, well, that probably is related to the American Bison, which as stated are often inaccurately called Buffalo.",
1006
        "In 1977 the city of Buffalo issued an official proclamation celebrating Anchor Bar co-owner Frank Bellissimo and declared July 29, 1977 to be Chicken Wing Day.",
1007
        "Throughout the 1970s and 1980s Buffalo wings gained in popularity as a bar food and appetizer across the United States and Canada.",
1008
        "Large franchises specializing in Buffalo wings have emerged, notably Buffalo Wild Wings founded in 1982 and Hooter's in 1983.",
1009
        "From 1990-1993, the Buffalo Bills made it to the Super Bowl four consecutive seasons. During this time, the media covering the team also did features on the region itself, including talking quite a bit about local food and particularly highlighting these spicy, fried chicken wings.",
1010
        "\"Buffalo\" is now attached to other items, as in buffalo shrimp or buffalo pizza. This simply means that buffalo sauce used on chicken wings has been put on shrimp or pizza instead."
1011
    ],
1012
    "Bull Shark": [
1013
        "The bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) is the third most dangerous shark, after the great white and tiger shark.",
1014
        "Bull sharks belong to one of the most popular shark families: the requiem sharks; and is a member of the genus Galeocerdo.",
1015
        "The name \"bull shark\" comes from the shark's stocky shape, broad, flat snout, and aggressive, unpredictable behavior.",
1016
        "Bull sharks are commonly found worldwide in coastal areas of warm oceans, in rivers and lakes, and occasionally salt and freshwater streams if they are deep enough.",
1017
        "The lifespan of bull sharks is estimated to be about 16 years.",
1018
        "Bull sharks are large, with females being larger than males. Adult female bull sharks average 2.4 m (7.9 ft) long and typically weigh 130 kg (290 lb), whereas the slightly smaller adult male averages 2.25 m (7.4 ft) and 95 kg (209 lb).",
1019
        "Bull sharks have very short snouts and the adults are a light to dark gray on top and white below.",
1020
        "The bull shark can reach approximately 40 km/h (25 mph) swimming speed.",
1021
        "Bull sharks teeth are a broad jagged triangle up top and a thin jagged triangle along the jawline.",
1022
        "The bull shark has around 50 rows of teeth in its jaws, and each row has about 7 teeth, for a grand total of around 350 teeth in its mouth at any given time.",
1023
        "Bull sharks have the strongest bite of any shark species, scientists have discovered. Relative to their body size, bull sharks bite harder than other, larger predatory sharks. Adult bull sharks can bite with a maximum force equivalent to 6 thousandsN, a study of their jaws and jaw muscles has shown.",
1024
        "Sharks must keep salt in their bodies to survive, and most can live only in salt water. But bull sharks have developed special adaptations\u2014the way their kidneys function and special glands near their tails\u2014that help them keep salt in their bodies even when they're in freshwater.",
1025
        "Bull sharks often hunt in murky water, and their vision is poor compared to other sharks. The biggest advantage of hunting in murky water is they can get very close to their prey without being detected.",
1026
        "Bull sharks have been known to use the bump-and-bite technique to attack their prey. After the first initial contact, they continue to bite and tackle prey until they are unable to flee.",
1027
        "Bull sharks are usually solitary hunters, but sometimes they do hunt in pairs. They can cruise through shallow waters with quick acceleration and high aggression toward other animals and humans. They are known for its unpredictable, often agile and aggressive behavior.",
1028
        "Bull sharks primarily eat bony fish and other sharks, including juvenile members of their own species. Less commonly, they also eat sea turtles, crustaceans, squid, dolphins, sea birds, and swimming land mammals. There have been reports in Australia of river-dwelling bulls eating horses, and in Mozambique, they feed on hippos.",
1029
        "Many experts consider bull sharks to be more dangerous to humans than any other species of shark; along with the tiger shark and great white shark, are among the three shark species most likely to bite humans.",
1030
        "Bull sharks usually mate during late summer and early autumn in the water of river mouths. They are viviparous marine animals which born baby sharks, or pups, in much the same way as human beings and other mammals. After gestating for 12 months, a bull shark may give birth to 1 to 13 live young. They are born fully developed, about 70 cm (27.6 in) long and ready to look after itself.",
1031
        "Bull sharks are apex predators, so their main threat is mankind. However, they may be attacked by great white sharks, tiger sharks, and crocodiles.",
1032
        "The bull shark is not a species that is particularly targeted by fishing, but they are frequently caught by accident in commercial fishing operations.",
1033
        "The bull shark is classified as Near Threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.",
1034
        "The Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916 were a series of shark attacks along the coast of New Jersey, in the United States, between July 1 and July 12, 1916, in which four people were killed and one injured. While a great white shark was originally implicated, a few of the attacks occurred within two miles up Matawan Creek where white sharks can't survive but bull sharks can. This was the inspiration for Peter Benchley's novel Jaw.",
1035
        "Bull sharks have been seen leaping up river rapids, salmon-like, to reach inland lakes."
1036
    ],
1037
    "Bulldog": [
1038
        "The Bulldog also known as the British Bulldog or English Bulldog is a breed of dog.",
1039
        "The average lifespan for a Bulldog is about 8 to 10 years.",
1040
        "Nicknamed the \"sourmug,\" the Bulldog is a stocky dog that moves with a rolling gait.",
1041
        "The Bulldog stands 33 to 38 cm (13 to 15 in) and weighs 18 to 25 kg (40 to 55 lbs).",
1042
        "Bulldogs are one of the few breeds whose tail is naturally short and either straight, screwed or thin and thus is not cut or docked as with some other breeds.",
1043
        "The Bulldog was developed in England around the 13th century from the ferocious Alaunt, a powerful vicious dog whose Molossian ancestors were brought to Britain by Phoenician traders around the 6th century BC.",
1044
        "The first reference to the word \"Bulldog\" is dated 1631 or 1632 in a letter by a man named Preswick Eaton where he writes: \"procuer mee two good Bulldogs, and let them be sent by ye first shipp\".",
1045
        "When the English settled in the Americas, their Bulldogs came with them.",
1046
        "In mid-17th century New York, Bulldogs were used as a part of a citywide roundup effort led by Governor Richard Nicolls. Because cornering and leading wild bulls were dangerous, Bulldogs were trained to seize a bull by its nose long enough for a rope to be secured around its neck.",
1047
        "Dedicated bulldog fanciers formed The Bulldog Club (England) in 1878, and the Bulldog Club of America in 1890.",
1048
        "During World War II, Bulldogs were often likened to Prime Minister Winston Churchill and his defiance of Nazi Germany.",
1049
        "The Bulldog is popularly used to represent England or the United Kingdom.",
1050
        "Though today Bulldogs look tough, they cannot perform the job he was originally created for as he cannot withstand the rigors of running and being thrown by a bull, and also cannot grip with such a short muzzle.",
1051
        "Although not as physically capable as their ancestors, decreased levels of aggression associated with modern bulldogs have resulted in far calmer temperament while remaining physically capable guards and companions.",
1052
        "At the turn of the 20th century, Ch. Rodney Stone became the first Bulldog to command a price of $5 thousands when he was bought by controversial Irish American political figure Richard Croker.",
1053
        "Currently, purebred Bulldog puppies are sold between $1 thousands and $30 thousands in the United States.",
1054
        "The reason Bulldog puppies are so expensive is because they usually have to be delivered by cesarean section because their heads are often too big for the mother to deliver them naturally."
1055
    ],
1056
    "Bumblebee": [
1057
        "Bumblebees also spelled bumble bees are a subset of bees in the genus Bombus.",
1058
        "There are over 250 species of bumblebee.",
1059
        "Most of bumblebee species are found in the northern hemisphere, although South America has a few native species, and New Zealand and Tasmania has some which were introduced from Europe.",
1060
        "Bumblebees are typically found in temperate climates, and are often found at higher altitudes than other bees.",
1061
        "In 2008, a colony of bumblebees was discovered on Mount Everest at more than 5 thousands meters (18 thousands feet) above sea level, the highest known altitude for an insect.",
1062
        "Bumblebees generally prefer living in meadows, orchards, woodlands, gardens and any other areas where there is an abundance of adequate flowers for foraging.",
1063
        "Bumblebees are large, fuzzy, very hairy insects. They are characterized by black and yellow body hairs, often in bands. However, some species have white, orange or red on their bodies, or may be entirely black.",
1064
        "The largest bumblebee species in the world is B. dahlbomii of Chile, the queens of the species can reach an amazing 4 centimeters (1.6 in) in length. That's two to three times the size of one of the most recognizable North American species, the American bumblebee (B. pensylvanicus).",
1065
        "Bumblebees are social insects that live in colonies.",
1066
        "A Bumblebee colony typically consists of three kinds of adult bees: workers, a queen, and drones.",
1067
        "The queen bumblebee lays eggs, while the workers bring food and build a nest of wax. Drones are male bumblebees that mate with the queen.",
1068
        "All members of a bumblebee colony undergo complete metamorphosis, passing through the egg, larval and pupal stages before becoming adults.",
1069
        "Nest size depends on species of bumblebee. Most form colonies of between 50 and 400 individuals, but colonies have been documented as small as 20 individuals and as large as 1700. These nests are small compared to honey bee hives, which hold about 50 thousands bees.",
1070
        "Nest sites vary between bumblebee species. Many species nest underground, choosing old rodent burrows or sheltered places, and avoiding places that receive direct sunlight that could result in overheating. Other species make nests above ground, whether in thick grass or in holes in trees.",
1071
        "A bumblebee nest is not organised into hexagonal combs like that of a honey bee; the cells are instead clustered together untidily.",
1072
        "Bumblebees eat nectar and pollen, both of which are found in flowers. Pollen is eaten mainly by the queen and the larvae as it is full of protein, although the workers eat some too. Nectar is mainly water with different types of sugary substances in it. Honey is just nectar that has less water and so the sugar has become more concentrated.",
1073
        "Bumblebees feed on nectar, using their long tongues to lap up the liquid; the length of their tongue varies among different bumblebee species.",
1074
        "Bumblebees have a large structure on their hind legs known as a pollen basket that is often loaded with pollen collected by foraging adults.",
1075
        "Bumblebees have extremely fast metabolisms, so they have to eat almost continuously. It has been estimated that a full honeystomach will give a bumblebee about 40 minutes of flying time.",
1076
        "While foraging, bumblebees can reach ground speeds of up to 15 meters per second (54 km/h / 33 mph).",
1077
        "Bumblebees have asynchronous flight muscles which allow them to beat their wings 200 times per second. Even hummingbirds cannot beat their wings more than a 50 times per second. This fast motion create familiar buzzing sound.",
1078
        "Bumblebees are important pollinators of both crops and wildflowers.",
1079
        "Decline of bumblebees in Europe, North America, and Asia is a cause for concern. The decline has been caused by habitat loss, the mechanisation of agriculture, and pesticides.",
1080
        "Queen and worker bumblebees can sting. Unlike in honey bees, a bumblebee's sting lacks barbs, so the bee can sting repeatedly without injuring itself; by the same token, the sting is not left in the wound.",
1081
        "Bumblebee species are not normally aggressive, but may sting in defence of their nest, or if harmed.",
1082
        "Cuckoo bumblebees are a group of related species that are descended from \"true\" or \"social\" bumblebees. However, cuckoo bumblebees, like their namesake the cuckoo bird, use the nest of true bumblebees to raise their own offspring. The female (there is no queen) cuckoo bumblebee enters the nest of the true bumblebee and may kill the social bumblebee queen, and lay her own eggs in the nest.",
1083
        "The Russian composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov wrote the Flight of the Bumblebee, c. 1900",
1084
        "Bumblebees appear as characters, often eponymously, in children's books.",
1085
        "The surname Dumbledore in the Harry Potter series (1997\u20132007) is an old name for bumblebee.",
1086
        "Bumblebee is the name of a prominent character in the Transformers franchise."
1087
    ],
1088
    "Butterfly": [
1089
        "Butterflyfish also spelled butterfly fish are a group of conspicuous tropical marine fish in the family Chaetodontidae.",
1090
        "Butterflyfish live mostly on the reefs of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.",
1091
        "The butterfly fish can live up to 7 years in the wild and up to 10 years in a well kept aquarium.",
1092
        "Butterflyfish mostly range from 12 to 22 cm (4.7 to 8.7 in) in length. The largest species, the lined butterflyfish and the saddle butterflyfish, C. ephippium, grow to 30 cm (12 in).",
1093
        "The common name references the brightly colored and strikingly patterned bodies of many species, bearing shades of black, white, blue, red, orange, and yellow. Butterflyfish are also known for their beautiful and unique patterns. However, there are some species are dull in color.",
1094
        "Most butterflyfishes have a dark band obscuring the eye, and often have a false eye spot in contrasting colors near the tail. These two attributes may confuse predators.",
1095
        "Butterflyfish are diurnal animals, which means they are active and feed during the day and rest on the coral during the night.",
1096
        "At night, the butterflyfish's brilliant colors fade to blend in with the reef's dark crevices.",
1097
        "The jaws of some butterflyfishes can measure more than 25% of their body length.",
1098
        "Jaw shape and size correlates with the type of prey consumed; some butterflyfishes feed upon small invertebrates or algae, others solely on coral polyps (known as corallivores), and still others upon zooplankton.",
1099
        "Butterflyfish generally stay in groups unless they are a particularly territorial species. A solitary Butterflyfish is usually travelling in search of a mate. They are one of the very few fish who find a mate, and then hunt, live and travel together for life.",
1100
        "Butterflyfish are pelagic spawners; that is, they release many buoyant eggs into the water, which become part of the plankton, floating with the currents until hatching. The fry go through a tholichthys stage, wherein the body of the postlarval fish is covered in large, bony plates extending from the head. They lose their bony plates as they mature. In many species of butterflyfish, juveniles have a color pattern that is quite distinct from their adult form.",
1101
        "Butterfly fish are preyed upon by a number of larger reef fish like moray eels, snappers, and groupers."
1102
    ],
1103
    "Caiman": [
1104
        "Caimans are reptiles that are related to alligators and are usually placed with them in the family Alligatoridae.",
1105
        "Caimans, are members of the order Crocodylia (a group of reptiles that includes crocodiles, alligators, caimans and gharials).",
1106
        "There are six species of caiman.",
1107
        "Caimans are found in freshwater habitats as well as some salt water habitats. Rivers and wetlands, usually slow moving water, are preferred. They are found in both deep and shallow water, as they only need enough depth to submerge their bodies.",
1108
        "The average lifespan of caimans from 30 to 40 years. the longest known lifespan in the wild was estimated at about 60 years old.",
1109
        "The largest of caiman species is the black caiman, a potentially dangerous animal attaining a maximum length of about 4.5 meters (almost 15 feet) long. The smallest species is the Cuvier's dwarf caiman, which grows to 1.2 to 1.5 meters (3.9 to 4.9 feet) long. The other species normally attain lengths of about 2 to 2.5 meters (about 6.6 to 8.2 feet).",
1110
        "Caimans are usually dull browns, grays, or greens. Their coloration helps them to camouflage while hunting. Caimans have a bony ridge that extends from the eyes, down the snout. They have large eyes to help them hunt at night.",
1111
        "Caimans are distinguished from alligators, their closest relatives, by a few defining features: a lack of a bony septum between the nostrils, ventral armour composed of overlapping bony scutes formed from two parts united by a suture, and relatively longer, more slender, teeth than those possessed by alligators.",
1112
        "Caimans eat just about anything they can get their large, strong jaws around, including birds, fish, amphibians, insects and small mammals. As juveniles, spectacled caimans eat aquatic insects, small fish, crustaceans and mollusks.",
1113
        "Caimans are strong swimmers and can move on land with some rapidity. They hiss when disturbed, and young individuals can inflate themselves before opening their jaws aggressively.",
1114
        "During summer or droughts, the caiman may dig a burrow and go into a form of summer hibernation called aestivation.",
1115
        "Caimans are solitary creatures that gather only during the mating season.",
1116
        "A caiman nest is a mound of vegetation and mud consolidated by the female by lying on it. She then digs a hole in it and buries 10 to 50 eggs in it. When these hatch, the juveniles use their egg teeth to break their way out. They look like miniature versions of their parents but have relatively shorter snouts and larger eyes.",
1117
        "Due to the large size and ferocious nature of the caimans, they have few natural predators within their environments. Humans are the main predators of the caimans as they have been hunted for their meat and skin. Jaguars and anacondas are the only other predators of the caimans but they prey only on the smaller specimens.",
1118
        "Alligators, caimans and crocodiles are hunted for their skin, which is used for shoes, handbags, belts and wallets.",
1119
        "Caimans do not usually attack humans but domestic livestock are at risk.",
1120
        "The spectacled caiman, a native of the tropics from southern Mexico to Brazil, takes its name from a bony ridge between the eyes that resembles the nosepiece of a pair of eyeglasses.",
1121
        "Caimans are one of the longest surviving species on the planet having evolved very little over the past 200 million years."
1122
    ],
1123
    "Camel": [
1124
        "Camellia is a genus of flowering plants in the tea family (Theaceae).",
1125
        "The genus was named by Linnaeus after the Jesuit botanist Georg Joseph Kamel, who worked in the Philippines and described a species of camellia (although Linnaeus did not refer to Kamel's account when discussing the genus).",
1126
        "The camellia flower has enjoyed a rich history, including its reported inclusion in the secret gardens of Chinese Emperors.",
1127
        "Camellias are evergreen shrubs and small trees from 2 to 20 meters (6.5 to 65 feet) tall.",
1128
        "The camellia flower speaks to the heart and expresses positive feelings. It's most common meanings are: \u2022 Love, Affection & Admiration \u2022 Refinement \u2022 Perfection & Excellence \u2022 Faithfulness & Longevity",
1129
        "In Japan the camellia flower is called \"Tsubaki\" and symbolizes the divine. It is often used in religious and sacred ceremonies.",
1130
        "Camellia sinensis, the tea plant, is of major commercial importance because tea is made from its leaves.",
1131
        "Camellias make a dramatic display inside the home, especially when you include a few of their glossy green leaves.",
1132
        "The camellia is the state flower of Alabama.",
1133
        "The camellia flower is highly regarded in China and is even considered the national flower of southern China.",
1134
        "Sacramento the capital city of California is nicknamed the Camellia City.",
1135
        "Camellia buds are an iconic symbol for the Chanel fashion house's haute couture; a tradition started by Coco Chanel herself.",
1136
        "Camellias have a major significance in the Akira Kurosawa film Sanjuro.",
1137
        "The Camellia Bowl is a post-season college football game under the auspices of the NCAA.",
1138
        "The Camellia was a symbol of Brazil's abolitionist movement during the Imperial age. It was common practice for abolitionists and supporters of the idea to plant Camellias to show that that household was abolitionist.",
1139
        "The 1848 novel The Lady of the Camellias is named for the camellia.",
1140
        "Camellias represent the number 11."
1141
    ],
1142
    "Canada Lynx": [
1143
        "The Canada lynx also known as the North American lynx is a lynx species native to North America.",
1144
        "The Canada lynx usually live in mature forests with dense undergrowth but can also be found in more open forests, rocky areas or tundra.",
1145
        "The average lifespan for the Canada lynx is from 10 to 14 years in the wild, while in captivity individuals may live up to 26 years.",
1146
        "The Canada lynx is a medium-sized cat, similar in many ways to the bobcat.",
1147
        "The Canada lynx tends to be nocturnal. During the day, they usually hide and sleep in secluded haunts such as rock crevices, caves, or thick tangles of fallen trees and brush.",
1148
        "The Canada lynx can cover 8-9 kilometres (5\u20135.6 mi) every day to procure prey.",
1149
        "Canada Lynx are good swimmers; one account records a lynx swimming two miles across the Yukon River.",
1150
        "The Canada lynx has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List since 2002."
1151
    ],
1152
    "Capybara": [
1153
        "The capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is the largest living rodent in the world.",
1154
        "Capybaras are found only in areas where water is easily accessible: flooded grasslands are a favored habitat, as are marsh edges and lowland forests where grazing is good and there is water year-round. However, they occupy a range of habitats, including dry forest, scrub, and grasslands throughout South America.",
1155
        "The lifespan of the capybara is up to 10 years in the wild and up to 12 years in captivity.",
1156
        "Capybaras are the largest of rodents, weighing from 35 to 66 kg (77 to 146 lb) and standing up from 50 to 62 cm (20 to 24 in) at the shoulder, with a length from 100 to 130 cm (3.2 to 4.2 ft). Females of this species are slightly larger than males.",
1157
        "The body is barrel-shaped, sturdy, and tailless. The front legs are slightly shorter than the hind legs, and the feet are partially webbed. This, in addition to the location of the eyes, ears, and nostrils on top of the head, make capybaras well-suited to semi-aquatic life.",
1158
        "Capybaras are excellent swimmers, capable of diving and remaining beneath the surface for as long as 5 minutes. They can sleep in water, keeping only their noses out of the water. They also spend time wallowing in mud.",
1159
        "Capybaras can run very fast with a top speed of about 35 km/h (22 mph). They can run as fast as a small horse.",
1160
        "Capybaras are normally crepuscular, which means that they are active at twilight: early in the morning and at sunset.",
1161
        "Because capybaras are rodents, they share some common features with mice, squirrels, and porcupines. The most well-known of those features are probably those ever-growing front teeth.",
1162
        "Capybaras use their long, sharp teeth for mainly on grasses and aquatic plants, as well as fruit and tree bark. Seventy-five percent of a capybara's diet is only three to six plant species. An adult capybara can eat 2.7 to 3.6 kilograms (6 to 8 pounds) of grass per day!",
1163
        "Capybaras are very social animals. They live in groups of around 10-20 adults of both sexes, although groups can range in size from 3 to 100; larger aggregations often form around water resources during the dry season. Each group maintains and defends a territory that encompasses feeding and wallowing sites. Among males, there is a strict dominance hierarchy enforced by chasing and, rarely, fights.",
1164
        "Capybaras can make dog-like barks when threatened or when females are herding young.",
1165
        "Mating season is year round with peak at beginning of wet season. Capybaras mate only in water, and if a female does not want to mate with a certain male, she either submerges or leaves the water. Dominant males are highly protective of the females, but they usually cannot prevent some of the subordinates from copulating. The larger the group, the harder it is for the male to watch all the females.",
1166
        "Capybara gestation is 130\u2013150 days, and produces a litter of 4 capybara young on average, but may produce between 1 and 8 in a single litter. Birth is on land and the female rejoins the group within a few hours of delivering the newborn capybaras, which join the group as soon as they are mobile. Pups are weaned at about 3 months old, during which time they suckle both from their own mother and the other females in the group, who are usually closely related. Around a year old, pups leave their parent's groups to find new ones.",
1167
        "Predators of the capybara include jaguars, anacondas, caimans, pumas, ocelots, and harpy eagles.",
1168
        "The IUCN lists capybaras as a species of least concern, citing its large population, large distribution, and frequent occurrence within protected areas. However, some local populations are in decline due to over-hunting.",
1169
        "Capybaras are hunted for their meat and pelts in some areas, and otherwise killed by humans who see their grazing as competition for livestock.",
1170
        "Capybaras are so trainable that in Suriname a blind man once used a capybara as a guide animal.",
1171
        "Although it is illegal in some states, capybaras are occasionally kept as pets in the United States.",
1172
        "In the 16th century, the Catholic Church classified the capybara, which can swim, as a fish so that the meat could be eaten on Fridays and during Lent.",
1173
        "In Japan, following the lead of Izu Shaboten Park in 1982, multiple establishments in Japan that raise capybaras have adopted the practice of having them relax in onsen during the winter.",
1174
        "The image of a capybara features on the 2-peso coin of Uruguay.",
1175
        "Fossils of the extinct Pinckney's capybara have been found in San Diego County's Oceanside.",
1176
        "The scientific name for capybara comes from Hydro chaeris, which means \"water hog\" in Greek.",
1177
        "Capybara's close relatives include guinea pigs and rock cavies, and it is more distantly related to the agouti, the chinchilla, and the coypu."
1178
    ],
1179
    "Caracal": [
1180
        "The caracal (Caracal caracal) is a medium-sized wild cat.",
1181
        "The caracal inhabits forests, savannas, marshy lowlands, semi-deserts and scrub forests. Dry areas with low rainfall and availability of cover are preferred. In montane habitats such as the Ethiopian Highlands, they occur at altitudes as high as 3 thousands meters (9 thousands feet) above the sea level.",
1182
        "The lifespan of the caracal is up to 20 years in the wild and up to 30 years in captivity.",
1183
        "The caracal is a slender, moderately sized cat characterised by a robust build, a short face, long canine teeth, tufted ears, and long legs.",
1184
        "Caracals have brown to red coats, with color varying among individuals. Females are typically lighter than males. Their undersides are white and, are adorned with many small spots.",
1185
        "Like all cats, each caracal's whiskers are attached in a unique pattern, similar to a fingerprint.",
1186
        "The caracal's top speed is around 80 km/h (50 mph).",
1187
        "A carnivore, the caracal typically preys upon small mammals, birds and rodents.",
1188
        "The most common prey for caracals are hyraxes, hares, mice and gerbils. However, they are known to bring down large animals, such as gazelle, springbok, reedbuck, blackbuck, impala, kudu, and wild sheep and goats.",
1189
        "During times of drought, caracals are able to go without water and meet their demand for liquid with the fluids of their prey.",
1190
        "The caracal often has to compete with foxes, wolves, leopards and hyaena for prey.",
1191
        "Although primarily nocturnal, caracals can be seen during the day, especially in undisturbed regions.",
1192
        "Like other cats, caracals may purr when content and make a variety of other mews, growls, and hisses to express their mood.",
1193
        "Scent is also used to get a message across, and caracals have scent glands between their toes and on their face.",
1194
        "In addition caracals can sharpen their claws on a tree and mark their territory visually and with scent at the same time.",
1195
        "The caracal is categorised as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).",
1196
        "The word \"caracal\" is from a Turkish word that means \"black-eared.\"",
1197
        "The caracal appears to have been religiously significant in the ancient Egyptian culture. It occurs in paintings and as bronze figurines; sculptures were believed to guard the tombs of pharaohs. Embalmed caracals have also been discovered. Caracal ear tufts have been elaborately depicted in some tombs, and referred to as umm risha't (\"mother of feathers\").",
1198
        "The caracal's impressive leaping ability once led to the species being trained to hunt game birds for the Persian and Indian royalty.",
1199
        "Chinese emperors used caracals as gifts. In the 13th and the 14th centuries, Yuan dynasty rulers bought numerous caracals, cheetahs and tigers from Muslim merchants in the western parts of the empire in return for gold, silver, cash and silk.",
1200
        "Until as recently as the 20th century, the caracal was used in hunts by Indian rulers to hunt small game, while the cheetah was used for larger game."
1201
    ],
1202
    "Carp": [
1203
        "A carpet is any decorative textile normally made of a thick material and now usually intended as a floor covering.",
1204
        "The art of making carpets was probably developed on the plains of Central Asia several thousand years ago.",
1205
        "The earliest surviving carpet is the \"Pazyryk carpet\", which dates from the 5th-4th century BC. It was excavated by Sergei Ivanovich Rudenko in 1949 from a Pazyryk burial mound in the Altai Mountains in Siberia. This richly colored carpet is 200 x 183 cm (6'6\u2033 x 6'0\u2033) and framed by a border of griffins. Although claimed by many cultures, this square tufted carpet, almost perfectly intact, is considered by many experts to be of Caucasian, specifically Armenian, origin.",
1206
        "In the 16th century, during the protection of the emperors, the art of carpets was developed in Persia and in India both technically and artistically, for example in court workshops. During this period originates two of the most splendid and famous carpets in the world, the Ardabil carpets, which can be seen at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London [photo below] and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. The size of the London carpet is 10.5 \u00d7 5.3 meters (34.5 by 17.5 feet) . This carpets are probably manufactured in the city of Kashan in Persia by Maqsud.",
1207
        "Handmade carpets are works of art as well as functional objects. Indeed, many Oriental carpets have reached such heights of artistic expression that they have been held in the same regard in the East as objects of exceptional beauty and luxury that masterpieces of painting have been in the West.",
1208
        "The most expensive carpet ever sold at auction is the sickle-leaf vine scroll and palmette \"vase\" carpet, c. 1600 to 1650. After being displayed as an example of outstanding Persian carpet weaving in museums and galleries the carpet was estimated at $5 million to $7 million. Because the sickle-leaf design is the rarest of vase-technique carpet patterns and this is the only known example featuring a red background, Sotheby's New York was able to sell the lot for $33.7 million on June 5, 2013.",
1209
        "The largest hand-woven carpet measures 5 thousands square meters (60 thousands square feet) and was manufactured by the Iran Carpet Company (Iran). It was created for the Abu Dhabi mosque and was measured in Abu Dhabi, UAE, in 2007. The carpet was created in 9 parts and assembled in the mosque. The carpet would have been around 6 thousands square meters originally, but parts of it had to be taken away in order to fit it onto the floor in the mosque.",
1210
        "The term \"carpet\" is often used interchangeably with the term \"rug\", although the term \"carpet\" can be applied to a floor covering that covers an entire house, whereas a \"rug\" is generally no bigger than a single room, and traditionally does not even span from one wall to another, and is typically not even attached as part of the floor.",
1211
        "The term \"carpet\" comes from Old French carpite. One derivation of the term states that the French term came from the Old Italian carpita, from the verb \"carpire\" meaning to pluck.",
1212
        "The phrase \"to sweep under the carpet\" in its figurative sense was first recorded in 1963.",
1213
        "Rolling out the red carpet is an expression which means to welcome a guest lavishly and handsomely. In some cases, an actual red carpet is used for VIPs and celebrities to walk on, such as at the Cannes Film Festival and when foreign dignitaries are welcomed to a country.",
1214
        "There are many stories about magic carpets, legendary flying carpets that can be used to transport people who are on it instantaneously or quickly to their destination. Disney's Aladdin depicts a magic carpet found by Aladdin and Abu in the Cave of Wonders while trying to find Genie's lamp. Aladdin and Jasmine ride on him to go on a ride around the world."
1215
    ],
1216
    "Cat": [
1217
        "Catania is a city in eastern Sicily, Italy.",
1218
        "It is situated in the broad plain of Catania on the Ionian Sea Coast, south of Mount Etna.",
1219
        "As of October 2020, the population of Catania is about 315 thousands people. It is the second largest city in Sicily, after Palermo, and the 10th largest cities in Italy.",
1220
        "One of the first Sicilian towns to fall to the Romans (263 BC), Catania was made a colony by Octavian (later the emperor Augustus).",
1221
        "The Christians there suffered under the persecutions of the emperors Decius and Diocletian, and the Catanian martyrs included St. Agatha, patron saint of the city.",
1222
        "After the barbarian invasions, Catania fell successively to the Byzantines, the Arabs, and the Normans.",
1223
        "Saint Leo of Catania (703 \u2013 789) was the fifteenth bishop of Catania, famed also for his love and care toward the poor. His feast day occurs on February 20, the day of his death in which he is venerated as a saint both by Roman Catholics and by the Orthodox Church. He lived in the lapse of time between the reigns of the Emperors Justinian II and Constantine IV. He struggled especially against the paganism and sorcery still prevalent in the Byzantine Sicily.",
1224
        "The city was almost completely destroyed by a catastrophic earthquake in 1169.",
1225
        "However, by the 14th century, and into the Renaissance period, Catania was one of Italy's most important cultural, artistic and political centres.",
1226
        "Catania was one of the vanguards of the movement for the Sicilian autonomy in the early 19th century. In 1860 Giuseppe Garibaldi's expedition of the Thousand conquered Sicily for Piedmont from the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Since the following year Catania was part of the newly unified Italy, whose history it shares since then.",
1227
        "Catania Cathedral, dedicated to Saint Agatha, is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Catania. It was the seat of the Bishops of Catania until 1859, when the diocese was elevated to an archdiocese, and since then has been the seat of the Archbishops of Catania. The cathedral has been destroyed and rebuilt several times because of earthquakes and eruptions of the nearby Mount Etna.",
1228
        "The Benedictine Monastery of San Nicol\u00f2 l'Arena in Catania, is one of the largest monasteries in Europe and a UNESCO World Heritage Site (as a part of Val di Noto World Heritage Site). It is the second biggest Benedictine monastery in Europe (the biggest one is in Mafra). The monastery was founded in 1558 and today it hosts the Department of Humanities of the University of Catania.",
1229
        "The Basilica della Collegiata also known as Santa Maria dell'Elemosina is a church in Catania. Finished in 1768, it is an example of Sicilian Baroque. The church was built in the early 18th century, after the earthquake of 1693 that had destroyed most of the city.",
1230
        "Castello Ursino also known as Castello Svevo di Catania, is a castle. It was built in the 13th century as a royal castle of the Kingdom of Sicily, and is mostly known for its role in the Sicilian Vespers, when it became the seat of the Sicilian Parliament. The castle is in good condition today, and it is open to the public as a museum.",
1231
        "The Amphitheatre of Catania is a Roman amphitheatre, built in the Roman Imperial period, probably in the 2nd century AD, on the northern edge of the ancient city at the base of the Montevergine hill. Only a small section of the structure is now visible, below ground level, to the north of Piazza Stesicoro.",
1232
        "The Elephant Fountain is a well known cultural attraction in Catania and it is considered the symbol of the city. Giovanni Battista Vaccarini, inspired by the Bernini's Minerva Elephant placed in Rome, created this amazing fountain in 1736. At the base of the fountain there are two sculptures that represent the main rivers of Catania, the Simeto and Amenano, and above these you have the elephant with an Egyptian obelisk on its back.",
1233
        "The Giardino Bellini is the oldest urban park of Catania. It occupies about 71 thousands square meters (765 thousands square feet). Before the construction of a public garden, the area was occupied by a botanical maze owned by the Ignazio Patern\u00f2 Castello, prince of Biscari. In 1854, the Comune di Catania bought the area of the maze, and in 1864 started to adapt the area into a public garden.",
1234
        "The ancient indigenous population of the Sicels named their villages after geographical attributes of their location. The Sicilian word, katane, means \"grater, flaying knife, skinning place\" or a \"crude tool apt to pare\". Other translations of the name are \"harsh lands\", \"uneven ground\", \"sharp stones\", or \"rugged or rough soil\".",
1235
        "Food is an important part of Catania's culture and way of life. Local cuisine emphasizes several traits of Sicilian one, whilst developing some of its own.",
1236
        "Street food is one of the best ways to experience traditional dishes. Arancini are perhaps the city's most famous one: they are stuffed rice balls coated in bread-crumbs and deep fried \u2013 in Catania, they are shaped like a cone to remind of Mount Etna.",
1237
        "The city is home to the Catania Jazz Festival, which typically runs for several winter months with concerts in different locations."
1238
    ],
1239
    "Caterpillar": [
1240
        "Caterpillars are the larval stage of members of the order Lepidoptera.",
1241
        "Caterpillar is the second part of their four-stage life cycle (egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa, adult).",
1242
        "Caterpillars are found in abundant numbers in nearly all parts of the world.",
1243
        "Most caterpillars have cylindrical bodies consisting of multiple segments, with three pairs of true legs on the thorax and several pairs of short, fleshy prolegs on the abdomen. The head has six small eyes (stemmata) on each side that function in light detection but not in image formation. They have short segmented antennae and strong jaws.",
1244
        "Caterpillars breathe through a series of tiny openings along the sides of their bodies, called \"spiracles.\" From each spiracle, a tube called a \"trachea\" carries oxygen into the body.",
1245
        "Caterpillars have about 4 thousands muscles (the human being has only 629). They move through contraction of the muscles in the rear segments, pushing the blood forward into the front segments elongating the torso.",
1246
        "The appearance of a caterpillar can often repel a predator: its markings and certain body parts can make it seem poisonous, or bigger in size and thus threatening, or non-edible. Some types of caterpillars are indeed poisonous, others may mimic dangerous caterpillars or other animals while not being dangerous themselves.",
1247
        "Before it even emerges from its egg, the very first thing a caterpillar does is eat. It chews its way out of its egg, and then it typically eats the rest of the eggshell. After that, it starts devouring the plant it's standing on.",
1248
        "Caterpillars have rightly been called eating machines. Their energy is devoted toward eating and growth. The caterpillar eats until it's literally too big for its body, and then it molts, revealing a newer, roomier skin.",
1249
        "Caterpillars grow very quickly \u2013 for instance, a tobacco hornworm will increase its weight ten-thousandfold in less than twenty days.",
1250
        "A caterpillar's transformation into a butterfly has long fascinated humans: the metamorphosis of a stubby, crawling, land-based insect into an airborne fairy is the perfect metaphor for change, improvement, escape, even life after death.",
1251
        "The predators of caterpillars are birds, ladybird beetles, yellow jackets and human beings. Caterpillars serve as a primary food source for numerous birds, such as the warbler species, tanagers and canopy-dwelling birds.",
1252
        "In the Old Testament of the Bible caterpillars are feared as pest that devour crops.",
1253
        "Silk is produced by several insects, but generally only the silk of moth caterpillars has been used for textile manufacturing.",
1254
        "A 2004 survey by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization found that 90 percent of people in some African countries eat moth and butterfly caterpillars.",
1255
        "The origins of the word \"caterpillar\" date from the early 16th century. They derive from Middle English catirpel, catirpeller, probably an alteration of Old North French catepelose \u2013 cate meaning cat (from Latin cattus) and pelose meaning hairy (from Latin pil\u014dsus).",
1256
        "The inchworm, or looper caterpillars from the family Geometridae are so named because of the way they move, appearing to measure the earth (the word geometrid means earth-measurer in Greek) \u2013 the primary reason for this unusual locomotion is the elimination of nearly all the prolegs except the clasper on the terminal segment.",
1257
        "Some caterpillars obtain protection by associating themselves with ants. The Lycaenid butterflies are particularly well known for this. They communicate with their ant protectors by vibrations as well aschemical means and typically provide food rewards.",
1258
        "Caterpillars are easy to catch because of their slow movement and attractive, bright colors.",
1259
        "Some larvae of the order Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps) can appear like the caterpillars of the Lepidoptera."
1260
    ],
1261
    "Catfish": [
1262
        "Catfish are a diverse group of ray-finned fish.",
1263
        "There are nearly 2 thousands species of catfish in existence today.",
1264
        "Catfish species live inland or in coastal waters of every continent except Antarctica. They are most diverse in tropical South America, Asia and Africa with one family native to North America and one family in Europe.",
1265
        "Catfish can live up to 60 years depending on location and species.",
1266
        "Catfish have one of the greatest ranges in size within a single order of bony fish. Some of the smallest species of Aspredinidae and Trichomycteridae reach sexual maturity at only 1 centimeter (0.39 in). The average size of the species is about 1.2\u20131.6 m (3.9\u20135.2 ft), and fish more than 2 meters (6.6 ft) are rare. However, they are known to exceed 2.5 meters (8.2 ft) in length and 100 kilograms (220 lb) in weight.",
1267
        "Most catfish are bottom feeders. In general, they are negatively buoyant, which means that they will usually sink rather than float due to a reduced gas bladder and a heavy, bony head.",
1268
        "Many catfish are nocturnal, but others are crepuscular or diurnal.",
1269
        "The diet of catfish often changes as they age. Young catfish primarily feed on aquatic insects such as dragonfly larvae, water beetles and fly larvae. By the time they're adults, catfish consume small fish, seeds, aquatic plants, algae, crawfish and snails.",
1270
        "Catfish are easy to farm in warm climates, leading to inexpensive and safe food at local grocers. About 60% of U.S. farm-raised catfish are grown within a 100-km (65-mile) radius of Belzoni, Mississippi.",
1271
        "Catfish can produce different types of sounds and also have well-developed auditory reception used to discriminate between sounds with different pitches and velocities. They are also able to determine the distance of the sound's origin and from what direction it originated. Catfish are able to produce a variety of sounds for communication that can be classified into two groups: drumming sounds and stridulation sounds.",
1272
        "The flathead catfish can lay up to 100 thousands eggs during one spawning cycle. After the eggs are laid, they hatch within five to ten days. Once the eggs hatch, the fry (young fish) have a yolk-like sac that nourishes them for two to five days until it dissolves and they are fully developed.",
1273
        "In the Southern United States, catfish species may be known by a variety of slang names, such as \"mud cat\", \"polliwogs\", or \"chuckleheads\".",
1274
        "Catfish is eaten in a variety of ways. In Europe it is often cooked in similar ways to carp, but in the United States it is popularly crumbed with cornmeal and fried.",
1275
        "Judgments as to the quality and flavor vary, with some food critics considering catfish excellent to eat, while others dismiss them as watery and lacking in flavor. Catfish is high in vitamin D. Farm-raised catfish contains low levels of omega-3 fatty acids and a much higher proportion of omega-6 fatty acids."
1276
    ],
1277
    "Chameleon": [
1278
        "Chameleons or chamaeleons (family Chamaeleonidae) are a distinctive and highly specialized clade of old world lizards with 202 species described as of June 2015.",
1279
        "All chameleons are found in the Old World, but most live in Madagascar and Africa.The rest are found in the Middle East, a few on islands in the Indian Ocean, and one, the Indian chameleon, in India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Another, the common chameleon, is native to Spain, Portugal, the islands in the Mediterranean Sea, and the Near East.",
1280
        "Chameleons live in a variety of habitats, from rain forests and lowlands to deserts, semi-deserts, scrub savannas, and even mountains. Many inhabit trees, but some live in grass or on small bushes, fallen leaves, or dry branches.",
1281
        "As a species, chameleons will generally live 2 to 3 years in the wild. Chameleons who live in captivity generally live longer than those who live in the wild. The life span of a captive chameleon can range between 3 and 10 years.",
1282
        "The longest is Malagasy giant or Oustalet's chameleon up to 60 centimeters (23 inches).",
1283
        "Chameleons are solitary and extremely territorial, rejecting even the company of other chameleons.",
1284
        "Most lizards have five toes, but the chameleon's five toes are modified into groups: on the forefoot, the two outside toes are joined to form one group, and the three inside toes form another; the hind foot has the opposite arrangement. This allows them to grasp branches just like our thumbs and fingers can grasp objects.",
1285
        "Chameleons also use their long tail when moving in the trees to grab a branch and secure their position.The chameleon's tail cannot be broken off and regrown like those of many other lizards.",
1286
        "Chameleons have the most distinctive eyes of any reptile. The upper and lower eyelids are joined, with only a pinhole large enough for the pupil to see through. Each eye can pivot and focus independently, allowing the chameleon to observe two different objects simultaneously. This gives them a full 360-degree arc of vision around their bodies.",
1287
        "Chameleon skin has a superficial layer which contains pigments, and under the layer are cells with guanine crystals.Chameleons change color by changing the space between the guanine crystals, which changes the wavelength of light reflected off the crystals which changes the color of the skin.",
1288
        "Color change in chameleons has functions in social signaling and in reactions to temperature and other conditions, as well as in camouflage.",
1289
        "Chameleons are largely carnivorous, eating a varied diet of insects, although some larger chameleons will eat birds and lizards. Chameleons enjoy insects like crickets, grasshoppers, locusts and stick bugs. Some chameleons, specifically the veiled chameleon, also eats a small amount of plants and flowers.",
1290
        "Chameleons don't move around very fast, so they depends upon its long, sticky tongue to catch prey. When a chameleon spots an insect, it quickly snaps out its tongue. When its tongue hits the insect it creates suction that allows the chameleon to pull the insect into its mouth.",
1291
        "Chameleon's tongue is propelled by incredible speed: it takes 0.07 seconds for tongue to reach the victim.Their tongue can be 1.5 to 2 times longer than their body (excluding tail).",
1292
        "Most female chameleons lay eggs but some species such as the Jackson's chameleon have a five to seven month gestation period.",
1293
        "Snakes and birds are the most common predators of the chameleon, along with some mammals.",
1294
        "Today many chameleon species are considered to be threatened with extinction, and other chameleon species are even considered to to endangered.",
1295
        "The egg of the rare Parson's chameleon is believed to take up to two years to hatch.",
1296
        "Chameleons seem to prefer running water to still water.",
1297
        "The name chameleon means Earth lion and comes from the Greek words \"chamai\" (on the ground, on the Earth) and \"leon\" (lion). \u2013"
1298
    ],
1299
    "Chamois": [
1300
        "The chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) is a species of goat-antelope.",
1301
        "The range of the chamois, includes the Alps, the Pyrenees, the Carpathians, the Tatra Mountains, the Balkans, parts of Turkey, the Caucasus, and the Apennines. It has been introduced on the South Island of New Zealand.",
1302
        "The chamois habitats are alpine and sub alpine meadows above the timberline. It winters in forested areas and steep slopes where snow does not accumulate. It is found in both relatively steep and flatter terrain.",
1303
        "The lifespan of the chamois is from 15 to 17 years in the wild and up to 22 years in captivity.",
1304
        "A chamois is from 70 to 80 cm (28 to 31 in) at the shoulder and is from 107 to 137 cm (42\u201354 in) long (the tail is not generally visible except when mating).",
1305
        "Chamois fur is a chestnut color but are lighter in the spring and summer. In the winter these animals grow long guard hairs over their dark brown under fur.",
1306
        "The hooves of the chamois are excellent for gripping slippery rock.",
1307
        "Chamois are diurnal species, but may be active at night. Snow reduced movements of chamois, while environmental temperature increased them.",
1308
        "Female chamois and their young live in herds of up to 15 to 30 individuals; adult males tend to live solitarily for most of the year.",
1309
        "Chamois announce danger with a whistling sound and foot stamping. When alarmed, these animals flee to the most innaccessible places, often making prodigous leaps.",
1310
        "During the summer months the diet consists chiefly of herbs and flowers, but in winter the chamois eats lichens, mosses, and young pine shoots. It has been known to fast for two weeks and survive when the snow is so deep that food can not be found.",
1311
        "Chamois population in Europe is about 400 thousands.",
1312
        "In the 20th century chamois were introduced into New Zealand, where their numbers quickly increased up to almost 100 thousands by the 1970s and where they threatened the local vegetation. The chamois population has since decreased by about 20 thousands.",
1313
        "Lynx and wolves are the main predator of the chamois.",
1314
        "As their meat is considered tasty, chamois are popular game animals.",
1315
        "The soft, pliant skin of the chamois is made into the original \"chammy,\" or \"shammy,\" leather.",
1316
        "The English name comes from French chamois. The latter is derived from Gaulish camox (attested in Latin, 5th century), itself perhaps borrowing from some Alpine language (Raetic, Ligurian)."
1317
    ],
1318
    "Cheetah": [
1319
        "Cheetahs are big cats, members of the Felidae family and closely related to bobcats, lynxes and pumas.",
1320
        "Cheetahs are 1.1 to 1.4 meters (3.5 to 4.5 feet) long from head to rump, and their tails add an additional 65 to 80 centimeters (25.5 to 31.5 inches). Normally, these big cats weigh around 35 to 65 kilograms (77 to 143 lbs).",
1321
        "With a life span of 10 to 12 years, the cheetah is basically a solitary animal.",
1322
        "The cheetah is the fastest land animal in the world, reaching speeds of up to 120 km/h. They can accelerate from 0 to 100km/h in just 3 seconds.",
1323
        "Cheetahs will take up to 150 breaths per minute during a high-speed chase \u2013 nearly triple their normal respiratory rate.",
1324
        "When running, cheetahs use their tail to steer, like a rudder for a boat.",
1325
        "Although cheetahs usually prey on the smaller antelopes such as Thomson's gazelles and impalas, they can catch wildebeests and zebras if hunting together.",
1326
        "Cheetahs don't try to outrun their prey. Once they catch up, they slow down and make sharp, calculated turns while closing in.",
1327
        "Once a cheetah has made a kill, it eats quickly and keeps an eye out for scavengers lions, leopards, hyenas, vultures and jackals will occasionally take away their kills.",
1328
        "Female cheetahs select a lair, either a rocky outcrop or marshy area with tall grass, before giving birth to their cubs. Mothers only leave the cubs to hunt, before returning to nurse the young. Males do not help with the rearing of young.",
1329
        "Cheetahs are caring, affectionate and dedicated mothers. They spend a long time caring for their cubs and teaching them essential survival skills like hunting. Cubs typically stay with their mothers for one and a half to two years.",
1330
        "Cheetah moms may use their tails, tipped in black or white fur, to signal to their cubs while traveling through tall grass.",
1331
        "Cheetah moms chirp like birds to call their cubs when they're out of sight. Likewise, cheetah cubs chirp when they are looking for their mom.",
1332
        "Cheetahs prefer wide open spaces, like savannah and even semiarid desert, but can live in thick bush and even mountainous terrain.",
1333
        "Cheetahs make distinct facial expressions to signal their mood.",
1334
        "While cheetahs can't roar, they make a variety of sounds including chirping, purring, barking, hissing, bleating (like a meow) and growling.",
1335
        "While most cats are nocturnal, cheetahs tend to hunt during daylight, preferring early morning or early evening.",
1336
        "Male cheetahs often form coalitions to defend large territories. Females have wide ranges too, but those with cubs tend to stay in one area.",
1337
        "Grooming is a very important to cheetahs. They spend several hours a day cleaning their fur \u2013 a bonding experience in cheetah groups.",
1338
        "At the end of the 19th century, there were about 100 thousands cheetahs. Today, there are between 9 thousands and 12 thousands left \u2013 mostly in Africa.",
1339
        "Ancient Egyptians believed a cheetah goddess named \"Mafdet\" carried the pharaoh's soul to the afterworld. Cheetahs were symbols of royalty.",
1340
        "Ancient Sumerians were the first to depict cheetahs in artwork. The oldest cheetah carving dates back to 3000 B.C.",
1341
        "The word \"cheetah\" is derived from the Sanskrit word for \"variegated,\" which means \"exhibiting patches of different colors.\"",
1342
        "Traditional witch doctors and healers in Africa used cheetah foot bones in rituals to symbolize swiftness and speed.",
1343
        "During the Renaissance virtually every Italian family of nobility, and many French families, kept cheetahs for hunting."
1344
    ],
1345
    "Chicken": [
1346
        "The chicken a subspecies of the red junglefowl, is a type of domesticated fowl, originally from Southeastern Asia.",
1347
        "Domestication of the chicken dates back to at least 2000 BC and their ancestry can be traced back to four species of wild jungle fowl from Southeast Asia.",
1348
        "From ancient India, the chicken spread to Lydia in western Asia Minor, and to Greece by the 5th century BC.",
1349
        "Originally raised for cockfighting or for special ceremonies, chickens were not kept for food until the Hellenistic period (4th\u20132nd centuries BC).",
1350
        "The domesticated bird spread west-ward from India to Greece, and was later introduced to Western Europe by invading Roman armies. By the Roman era, chickens were used as food, both for their meat and for their eggs. Romans commonly carried them on their ships, as a convenient source of fresh food.",
1351
        "Chickens were spread by Polynesian seafarers and reached Easter Island in the 12th century AD, where they were the only domestic animal, with the possible exception of the Polynesian rat (Rattus exulans).",
1352
        "While it was long assumed that chickens had been brought to the Americas by the Spanish conquistadors, presumably pre-Columbian chickens have been identified at several sites throughout the Americas, most notably at the site of El Arenal-1 in Chile, ca 1350 CE.",
1353
        "Since the wild progenitor of chickens is still living, several studies have been able to examine the behaviors of wild and domestic animals. Domesticated chickens are less active, have fewer social interactions with other chickens, are less aggressive to would-be predators, are less susceptible to stress, and are less likely to go looking for foreign food sources than their wild counterparts. Domestic chickens have increased adult body weight and simplified plumage \u2013 domestic chicken egg production starts earlier, is more frequent, and produces larger eggs.",
1354
        "Chickens are gregarious birds and live together in flocks. They have a communal approach to the incubation of eggs and raising of young.",
1355
        "Chickens are omnivores. In the wild, they often scratch at the soil to search for seeds, insects and even animals as large as lizards, small snakes, or young mice.",
1356
        "The average chicken may live for 5 to 10 years, depending on the breed. The world's oldest known chicken was a hen which died of heart failure at the age of 16 years according to the Guinness World Records.",
1357
        "There are more chickens in the world than any other bird.",
1358
        "More than 50 billion chickens are reared annually as a source of meat and eggs. In the United States alone, more than 8 billion chickens are slaughtered each year for meat, and more than 300 million chickens are reared for egg production.",
1359
        "There are numerous cultural references to chickens \u2013 in myth, folklore and religion, and in language and literature.",
1360
        "The first pictures of chickens in Europe are found on Corinthian pottery of the 7th century BC."
1361
    ],
1362
    "Chihuahua": [
1363
        "The Chihuahua is the smallest breed of dog.",
1364
        "It is named for the Mexican state of Chihuahua.",
1365
        "The Chihuahua is a tiny but confident dog that loves to give and receive attention. It is valued as a spirited companion especially suited to apartment living.",
1366
        "Chihuahua stands about 15 and 23 cm (6 and 9 in) and weighs 0.5 to 3 kg (1 to 6 pounds).",
1367
        "Dogs of any coat type may be identified as either \"apple head\" or \"deer head\" Chihuahuas. Apple heads have rounded heads, close-set eyes, and relatively short ears and legs. Deer heads have flat-topped heads, more widely set eyes, larger ears, and longer, more slender legs. Deer heads were the breed standard conformation in the mid-20th century, but current breed standards defined by registries such as the AKC specify the apple-head conformation.",
1368
        "The Chihuahua has a moderate to high energy level and may develop behavioral problems if not given enough activity. Exercise and mental stimulation will help maintain your dog's mental and physical health. Be aware when you are walking a Chihuahua, as they are known to be aggressive toward larger dogs if not properly trained. You may need to be on alert to remove your dog from potential conflict.",
1369
        "Chihuahuas tend to learn better when being rewarded positive reinforcement, such as a treat or praise. With the proper training a Chihuahua needs, this dog can be extremely intelligent. The way a dog is trained will influence its behavior.",
1370
        "Because Chihuahuas get cold easily they tend to love their dens and will often burrow themselves in pillows, clothes hampers, and blankets. They are often found under the covers or at the bottom of the bed, deep in the dark and safety of what they perceive as their den.",
1371
        "The lifespan for a Chihuahua is usually between 12 and 20 years.",
1372
        "Drawings of Chihuahua-like dogs decorate the artifacts of lost civilizations around the world.",
1373
        "Trading among ancient cultures was more widespread than commonly assumed, so it is no surprise that similar dog types took root in far-flung places. How the Chihuahua type first came to the peoples of Mexico, however, is a secret of prehistory. We do know that when the Toltecs held sway in Mexico about a thousand years ago, their breed of choice was the Techichi, a larger, heavier ancestor of today's Chi.",
1374
        "Colonial records refer to small, nearly hairless dogs at the beginning of the 19th century, one of which claims 16th-century Conquistadores found them plentiful in the region later known as Chihuahua.",
1375
        "Small dogs such as Chihuahuas were used as living heating pads during illness or injury. Some believe this practice is where the idea of pain being transferred to animals from humans originated, which gave way to rituals such as burning the deceased with live dogs, such as the Techichi, to exonerate the deceased human's sins.",
1376
        "Chihuahuas as we know them today remained a rarity until the early 20th century \u2013 the American Kennel Club (AKC) did not register a Chihuahua until 1904.",
1377
        "In the 1990s and early 2000s, Taco Bell ad campaigns starring the breed boosted its popularity, as did Chihuahuas being featured in reality television series as purse dogs of rich, famous young women.",
1378
        "The shortest dog by height is Chihuahua Miracle Milly. Owned by Vanesa Semier (PRI) from Puerto Rico, Milly was a mere 9.65 cm (3.8 in) to the shoulder, as confirmed in 2013 \u2013 that means she is dwarfed by an average can of soda!",
1379
        "The shortest dog by length last verified by GWR was also a Chihuahua. Heaven Sent Brandy from Florida, USA, was just 15.2 cm (6 in) from nose to tail tip in 2005. Brandy was owned by Paulette Keller (USA).",
1380
        "Chihuahua price usually range between $800 and $1 thousands."
1381
    ],
1382
    "Chimpanzee": [
1383
        " Chimpanzees are one of our closest relatives, sharing an estimated 98% of their genes with humans.",
1384
        "Chimpanzees are a great ape along with gorillas, orangutans and bonobos.",
1385
        "Four subspecies have been identified, based on differences in appearance and distribution: Western chimpanzee (P. t. verus) Central chimpanzee (P. t. troglodytes) Eastern chimpanzee (P. t. schweinfurthii) Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee (P. t. ellioti).",
1386
        "The lifespan for chimpanzees is 40 to 50 years in the wild and for those in captivity it is 50 to 60 years.",
1387
        "The adult male chimpanzee weighs between 40 and 60 kg (88 and 132 lb), the female weighs 32 to 47 kg (71 to 104 lb).",
1388
        "The chimpanzee has a thickset body with long arms, short legs and no tail.",
1389
        "Although they normally walk on all fours (knuckle-walking), chimpanzees can stand and walk upright.",
1390
        "The chimpanzee is both arboreal and terrestrial, and spends its nights in the trees, while most daylight hours are spent on the ground.",
1391
        "Chimpanzees are highly social animals. Their communities consist of loose and flexible groups of males and females within a fixed home range, led by a dominant male. Members join and leave these communities freely, depending among other on their reproductive status and the availability of resources.",
1392
        "Chimpanzees have complex social relationships. Apart from the dominant leader, there are also groups of individuals with some level of authority. An entire chimp community can sometimes have as many as 100 members.",
1393
        "A chimpanzee's senses of sight, taste, and hearing are similar to those of humans.",
1394
        "Chimpanzees are omnivores. They rely heavily on a wide variety fruit and leaves, but also eat insects, bark, eggs, nuts, and even hunt monkeys and other small animals for meat.",
1395
        "Chimpanzees hunt together and share their spoils from the hunt as a group. A chimpanzee is able to remember where it has hidden its food and where food was available the year before as well as when certain foods are ripe in different areas of the forest.",
1396
        "There is mounting evidence that chimpanzees are able to discern that specific plants help them with problems such as intestinal parasites and upset stomachs. Studies show that chimpanzees eat medicinal plants when they have problems such as these.",
1397
        "Chimpanzees are one of the few animal species that employ tools. They shape and use sticks to retrieve insects from their nests or dig grubs out of logs. They also use stones to smash open tasty nuts and using wads of crumbled leaves to sponge drinking water from hard-to-reach places.",
1398
        "When in captivity, a chimpanzee can learn many things, including human sign language. One chimp by the name of Washoe has learned approximately 350 hand signs for communicating with others.",
1399
        "Some chimpanzees are slow while others are brilliant. The range of intelligence of chimpanzees varies, just as ours does.",
1400
        "The main predator, or natural enemy, of the chimpanzee is the leopard. However, a full-grown chimp is a very powerful animal, so leopards prefer to attack, kill and eat young or baby chimpanzees. Usually, young chimpanzees stay very close to adult chimpanzees however, so it is hard for a leopard to catch one.",
1401
        "Chimpanzees are known for possessing great amount of muscle strength, especially in their arms. However, compared to humans the amount of strength reported in media and popular science is greatly exaggerated with numbers of four to eight times the muscle strength of a human.",
1402
        "The reason for the higher strength seen in chimpanzees compared to humans are thought to come from longer skeletal muscle fibers that can generate twice the work output over a wider range of motion compared to skeletal muscle fibers in humans.",
1403
        "Chimpanzees' body temperature is the same as humans, at 37 degrees celsius or 98.6 degrees fahrenheit.",
1404
        "Many older captive chimpanzees suffer from cardiac disease and take the same medications that humans take for heart conditions.",
1405
        "Chimpanzees have 32 teeth same as humans.",
1406
        "Unlike most other animals, chimpanzees can recognize themselves in a mirror.",
1407
        "Chimpanzees don't like to be in water and usually can't swim.",
1408
        "Chimpanzees have been commonly stereotyped in popular culture, where they are most often cast in standardized roles as childlike companions, sidekicks or clowns."
1409
    ],
1410
    "Chinchilla": [
1411
        "Chinchillas are rodents belonging to the family Chinchillidae, which includes four species of viscachas and two species of chinchillas.",
1412
        "The two species of chinchillas are the long-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) and short-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla).",
1413
        "Once very common, chinchillas were hunted almost to extinction.",
1414
        "Historically, chinchillas lived in an area that included parts of Bolivia, Peru, Argentina, and Chile, but today, colonies in the wild are known only in Chile.",
1415
        "The lifespan of chinchilla is about 10 years in the wild and up to 20 years in captivity.",
1416
        "Chinchillas weigh up to 800 grams (1.8 pounds) with a compact body up to 38 centimeters (15 inches) long, large eyes, long ears, and a moderately long, bushy tail of up to 15 centimeters (6 inches).",
1417
        "Their silky, dense fur is generally bluish to brownish gray except for the yellowish white underparts; various other colors of chinchilla have been bred in captivity.",
1418
        "The thick fur helps protect chinchillas from cold temperatures as well as prevent water evaporation.",
1419
        "A chinchilla can run up to 24 km/h (15 mph) when escaping a predator. They don't typically run, however.",
1420
        "In their native habitats, chinchillas live in social groups that resemble colonies, but are properly called herds. Herd sizes can range from 14 members up to 100, this is both for social interaction as well as protection from predators.",
1421
        "Chinchillas can breed any time of the year. Their gestation period is 111 days, longer than most rodents. Due to this long pregnancy, chinchillas are born fully furred and with eyes open. Litters are usually small in number, predominantly two.",
1422
        "By the end of the 19th century, chinchillas had become quite rare after being hunted for their ultra-soft fur.",
1423
        "Chinchilla has very valuable fur. In fact, when its size and weight are considered, the fur is the most valuable in the world. Coats made of wild chinchilla pelts have sold for up to $100 thousands. It may take up to 400 pelts to make such a coat.",
1424
        "Most chinchillas currently used by the fur industry for clothing and other accessories are farm-raised.",
1425
        "Chinchillas are popular pets, but require much care. They should only be purchased by experienced pet owners who are aware of their needs.",
1426
        "Chinchillas are easily distressed and when they are unhappy they may have physical symptoms. In protecting their health, care should be taken not to disturb them, and many things disturb them.",
1427
        "Chinchillas are a type of pocket pet. Pocket pet is a term used to refer to a small pet mammal commonly kept as a household pet.",
1428
        "Chinchillas are related to guinea pigs and porcupines."
1429
    ],
1430
    "Chinstrap Penguin": [
1431
        "The chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus) is a species of penguin.",
1432
        "The average lifespan of a chinstrap penguin is 15 to 20 years in the wild.",
1433
        "Chinstrap penguins are medium-sized penguins. They have an average body length of 72 cm (28 in) and a weight of 3\u20135 kg (6.6\u201311.0 lb), but their weight can drop as low as 3 kg (6.6 lb) depending on the breeding cycle. Males are both larger and heavier than females.",
1434
        "Chinstrap penguins are among the few animals that can survive the incredibly harsh climate of the Antarctic, and do so in part because of their physical adaptations. Their heavily-insulated, torpedo-shaped bodies help them avoid the cold and travel through the water and over the ice.",
1435
        "The chinstrap penguin's tightly packed feathers provide a waterproof coat, enabling it to swim in freezing waters. Additionally, thick blubber deposits and intricate blood vessels in the flippers and legs assist in the preservation of heat.",
1436
        "The diet of the chinstrap penguin consists of fish, krill, shrimp, and squid which they swim up to 80 kilometers (50 miles) offshore each day to obtain.",
1437
        "Chinstrap penguins are the most numerous penguins in the world. It is estimated there are 12 to 15 million of these flightless birds.",
1438
        "Chinstrap Penguins live and breed in large colonies.",
1439
        "Chinstrap penguins are one of the most aggressive species of penguin.",
1440
        "Its name \"chinstrap penguin\" derives from the narrow black band under its head which makes it appear as if it were wearing a black helmet, making it one of the most easily identified types of penguin.",
1441
        "Since 1988 the chinstrap penguin has been listed as a species of least concern on the IUCN's Red List of Threatened Species because of its high numbers and its extremely large geographic range."
1442
    ],
1443
    "Chipmunk": [
1444
        "Chipmunks are small, striped rodents of the family Sciuridae or the squirrel family.",
1445
        "Lively and speedy critters, chipmunks are the smallest members of the squirrel family.",
1446
        "There are 25 species of chipmunks.",
1447
        "Chipmunks may be classified either as a single genus, Tamias, or as three genera: Tamias (1 species), Neotamias (23 species) and Eutamias (1 species).",
1448
        "Chipmunks are found in North America, with the exception of the Siberian chipmunk which is found primarily in Asia.",
1449
        "The average lifespan of a chipmunk in the wild is between 2 and 3 years.",
1450
        "Chipmunks have cheek pouches, large, glossy eyes, stripes, and bushy tails.",
1451
        "They range in size from the least chipmunk, which, at 18.5 to 21.6 centimeters (7.2 to 8.5 inches) and 32 to 50 grams (1.1 to 1.8 ounces), is the smallest chipmunk, to the Eastern chipmunk, which grows up to 28 centimeters (11 inches) and weighs as much as 125 grams (4.4 ounces).",
1452
        "Depending on species, chipmunks can be gray to reddish-brown in color with contrasting dark and light stripes on the sides of their face and across their back and tail.",
1453
        "Chipmunks have 5 toes on their front paws and 4 toes on their back paws.",
1454
        "Chipmunks are solitary creatures and normally ignore one another except during the spring, when mating takes place.",
1455
        "Chipmunks are diurnal. In other words, they only come out during the daytime. The reason is not because they are blind at night, but because everything is too dark for their main defense system \u2013 their eyes \u2013 to work to their advantage.",
1456
        "Chipmunks have an omnivorous diet primarily consisting of seeds, nuts, fruits, and buds. They also commonly eat grass, shoots, and many other forms of plant matter, as well as fungi, insects and other arthropods, small frogs, worms, and bird eggs.",
1457
        "Chipmunks construct expansive burrows which can be more than 3.5 meters (11 feet) in length with several well-concealed entrances. Most burrows have several sleeping areas, as well as food storage areas. The sleeping area, or nest is enlarged and filled shredded leaves to make a comfortable bed. The sleeping quarters are kept clean as shells and feces are stored in refuse tunnels.",
1458
        "Some species of chipmunk make their homes in logs, bushes are abandoned nests.",
1459
        "Chipmunks have large cheek pouches that allow them to transport food to their burrows for either storage or consumption. These cheeks can stretch to be three times larger than the chipmunk's head!",
1460
        "Chipmunks hibernate in winter, but they don't sleep all the way through the season. They retreat to their burrows but wake every few days, raise their body temperatures to normal and feed on stored food.",
1461
        "When chipmunks are in the deep sleep phase of hibernation their heart rate declines from about 350 beats per minute to about 4 beats per minute, and their body temperature can drop from 34.5\u00b0C (94\u00b0F) to whatever the temperature of the burrow \u2014 as cold as 4.5\u00b0C (40\u00b0F).",
1462
        "Chipmunks are protective of their burrows and use a range of loud chirps as well as body language to express occupied territory, dominance, or warn their young of danger. Females also have a mating call for which they use their high-pitched, bird-like vocalizations.",
1463
        "Like other rodents, chipmunks have live births after carrying their young for a gestation period of around 30 days. Female chipmunks usually give birth to 2 to 8 young at one time and give birth one to two times per year, once in the late spring and sometimes again in the fall.",
1464
        "Chipmunks are sized like a bumblebee at birth. They are blind, naked and helpless. Both parents take care of the babies.",
1465
        "Predators of chipmunks include hawks, minks, raccoons, weasels, martens, foxes, bobcats, coyotes, wolves, cats and large snakes.",
1466
        "According to the IUCN's Red List, only one chipmunk species is endangered. The Palmer's chipmunk, (Neotamias palmeri) [photo below], is found only on one small mountain range, the Spring Mountains in southwestern Nevada. Their population decline is due mostly to the invasion of humans in their habitat and domestic cats killing chipmunks in large numbers.",
1467
        "The name chipmunk comes from the \"chip-chip\" sound that the creatures make.",
1468
        "A male chipmunk is called a buck; a female chipmunk is called a doe; a baby chipmunk is called kit, kitten, or pup ; a group of chipmunks is called a scurry.",
1469
        "Chipmunks fulfill several important functions in forest ecosystems. Their activities harvesting and hoarding tree seeds play a crucial role in seedling establishment.",
1470
        "One chipmunk can gather up to 165 acorns in a day.",
1471
        "Famous chipmunks are Disney's Chip N Dale and Alvin and the Chipmunks which are Alvin, Simon and Theodore."
1472
    ],
1473
    "Chow Chow": [
1474
        "The Chow Chow is a dog breed originally from China.",
1475
        "One writer proposed that the Chow Chow originated in China 2 thousands years ago or possibly originated in Arctic Asia 3 thousands years ago and then migrated to Mongolia, Siberia, then to China.",
1476
        "This breed was called by several names in China, none of which were \"chow chow.\" In the late 1700s, English merchants brought miscellaneous cargo from the Far East that they had called \"chow chow.\" Because the dogs were sometimes a part of that cargo, the name eventually caught on.",
1477
        "Chow Chows were brought to the U.S. in the late 1800s and were officially recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1903.",
1478
        "Chow Chows were all the rage among the rich and famous during the 1920s",
1479
        "Today, the American Kennel Club registers approximately 10 thousands Chow Chows a year.",
1480
        "The lifespan for a Chow Chow is usually about 12 and 13 years.",
1481
        "The Chow Chow stands 43 to 56 cm (17 to 20 inches) at the shoulder and weighs 16 to 41 kg (35 to 90 pounds).",
1482
        "The Chow Chow is a sturdily built dog, square in profile, with a broad skull and small, triangular, erect ears with rounded tips. This breed differs from most others in having a blue-black tongue.",
1483
        "Chow Chow price range stretches from $500 to $8000 with the Chow Chow average price resting around $3200 per dog (Top Quality). And just shy of $900 for low quality or non-show Chow Chow dogs. Chow Chow are considered to be among the most expensive breeds in the world.",
1484
        "The Chow Chow is most likely a descendent of a Spitz breed.",
1485
        "Sigmund Freud had a Chow Chow named Jo-Fi Ling who attended all of his therapy sessions because he felt that dogs had a special sense that allows them to judge a person's character accurately, and admitted he depended on Jo-Fi for an assessment of a patient's mental state.",
1486
        "Elvis Presley and his girlfriend Linda Thompson had a Chow Chow named Getlow."
1487
    ],
1488
    "Cichlid": [
1489
        "Cichlids are one of the most attractive and fish species on Earth.",
1490
        "There are more than 1 thousands known species of cichlid with more being found each year. There is an estimate that there are between 2 thousands and 3 thousands different species in total!",
1491
        "Vivid, vibrant, and varied, cichlids species include angelfish, Oscars, discus, green terror, yellow lab, firemouth, blood red parrot, humphead, and convict.",
1492
        "The lifespan of many wild cichlids is unknown. However, in aquaria they are relatively long-lived, about 10 years on average. Several can reach up to 20 years in captivity, suggesting that at least some cichlids have considerably long lifespans.",
1493
        "Cichlids span a wide range of body sizes, from species as small as 2.5 cm (0.98 in) in length to much larger species approaching 1 m (3.3 ft) in length.",
1494
        "As a group, cichlids exhibit a similar diversity of body shapes, ranging from strongly laterally compressed species to species that are cylindrical and highly elongated. Generally, however, cichlids tend to be of medium size, ovate in shape, and slightly laterally compressed.",
1495
        "Most cichlids inhabit lakes or the sluggish areas of rivers but there are a few species adapted to swift flowing streams.",
1496
        "Although typically a freshwater species, one cichlid species can be found in the Salton Sea of California, where salinity levels are higher than that of the ocean!",
1497
        "Cichlids are particularly well known for having evolved rapidly into a large number of closely related but morphologically diverse species within large lakes, particularly Tanganyika, Victoria, Malawi, and Edward.",
1498
        "Cichlids can be herbivorous, feeding on algae and plants; carnivorous, preying on small animals, other fishes, and insect larvae; or detritivores, eating all types of organic material. The species are very specific in habitat choice: some live only among the rocks, others in open water, others along sandy beaches. They have evolved behaviors and tooth structures to live this way.",
1499
        "Cichlids are able to communicate by various means: visual, acoustic, chemical and tactile.",
1500
        "Cichlids mate either monogamously or polygamously. The mating system of a given cichlid species is not consistently associated with its brooding system.",
1501
        "All cichlids have some form of parental care for their eggs and fry. That parental care may come in the form of guarding the eggs and fry or it may come in the form of mouthbrooding. Mouthbrooding is the care given by some groups of animals to their offspring by holding them in the mouth of the parent for extended periods of time.",
1502
        "Lake Malawi is home to more species of fish than any other lake, including about 1000 species of cichlids.",
1503
        "The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists a total of 156 cichlid species as vulnerable, 40 as endangered, and 69 ascritically endangered. 6 species are now thought to be extinct in the wild.",
1504
        "Although cichlids are mostly small- to medium-sized, many are notable as food and game fishes. With few thick rib bones and tasty flesh, artisan fishing is not uncommon in Central America and South America, as well as areas surrounding the African rift lakes."
1505
    ],
1506
    "Clouded Leopard": [
1507
        "Clouded leopards are two species of wild cat that live throughout the forests of Southeast Asia.",
1508
        "Clouded leopards are officially recorded as a species in 1821.",
1509
        "Until 2006, there was thought to be a single clouded leopard species. However, recent genetic and morphological research has shown that there are two distinct species.",
1510
        "The cats on mainland Asia and Taiwan kept the traditional species name (Neofelis nebulosa) while the cats from Borneo and Sumatra took the name the Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi).",
1511
        "Clouded leopards primarily live in lowland tropical rainforests, but can also be found in dry woodlands and secondary forests.",
1512
        "Clouded Leopards spend nearly all their lives in the trees.",
1513
        "Clouded leopards are most closely related to snow leopards and are now in the same taxonomic subfamily, Pantherinae, as tigers, lions, jaguars, and true leopard species.",
1514
        "While little is known about their lifespan in the wild, clouded leopards have been known to live up to 17 years in captivity.",
1515
        "The clouded leopard is named after the distinctive 'clouds' on its coat \u2013 ellipses partially edged in black, with the insides a darker color than the background color of the pelt.",
1516
        "Virtually nothing is known of the social behavior of wild clouded leopards.",
1517
        "It is believed clouded leopards live solitary lives, unless a mother is caring for cubs.",
1518
        "Once thought to be exclusively nocturnal, evidence suggests that clouded leopards may show some periods of activity during the day as well.",
1519
        "Like all wild cats, clouded leopards are carnivores. They are thought to hunt a variety of prey including birds, squirrels, monkeys, deer, and wild pigs.",
1520
        "Clouded leopard can open its jaws wider than any other cat, and its tooth development is most like that of the extinct sabertooth cat.",
1521
        " The clouded leopard has the longest canine teeth in relation to body size of any wild cat.",
1522
        "Clouded leopards are one of the best climbers in the cat family.Their ankles can rotate backward so the cat can climb down a tree headfirst, climb upside down, and even hang from its back feet, leaving the powerful front paws free to snatch at prey.",
1523
        "Clouded leopards can purr like the small cats, but they also have a low, moaning roar, a soft chuffle, a growl, a hiss, and meows as part of their calls.",
1524
        "Like any newborn kitten, clouded leopard cubs are small and helpless at birth.",
1525
        "In China, the clouded leopard is called the mint leopard because its spots look like mint leaves.",
1526
        "In Malaysia, the clouded leopard is known as the tree tiger.",
1527
        "Clouded leopards are good swimmers and may have populated small islands off Vietnam and Borneo in this way.",
1528
        "The pupils of the clouded leopard's eyes are different from any other cat's pupils: they never get fully round like a big cat's pupils do, yet they never shrink to vertical slits like a small cat's pupils do. Instead, they stay in an oblong shape."
1529
    ],
1530
    "Clownfish": [
1531
        "Clownfish also knwn as anemonefish is a small tropical marine fish with bright coloration.",
1532
        "There are 30 species of clownfish.",
1533
        "Clownfish are native to wormer waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, including the Great Barrier Reef and the Red Sea.",
1534
        "The lifespan of clownfish is about 6 to 10 years in the wild and about 3 to 5 years in captivity.",
1535
        "Depending on species, clownfish coloration are overall yellow, orange, or a reddish or blackish color, and many show white bars or patches.",
1536
        "Clownfish live at the bottom of the sea in sheltered reefs or in shallow lagoons, usually in pairs.",
1537
        "They can only live in ten out of more than one thousand species of sea anemone. Clownfish have a mucus covering that protects them from the sting of the sea anemone's tentacles. This mucus prevents them from being harmed, and allows clownfish to live in sea anemone. The anemone's tentacles provide the clownfish with protection from predators.",
1538
        "Clownfish are a large help to the anemone as they clean the anemone by eating the algae and other food leftovers on them. They also protect the sea anemones by chasing away polyp-eating fish, such as the butterfly fish.",
1539
        "Clownfish are omnivores, which means they eat meat and plants. They typically eat algae, zooplankton, worms and small crustaceans.",
1540
        "Because they are quite active, the clownfish are thought to be \"clowning around\". They defend their territory and the sea anemone that they live in.",
1541
        "In a group of clownfish, there is a strict hierarchy of dominance. The largest and most aggressive female is found at the top. Only two clownfish, a male and a female, in a group reproduce through external fertilization.",
1542
        "All clownfish are born male. As they mature, they usually pair off with another clownfish, and the dominant individual becomes a female. The female lays eggs, which are defended and aerated by both parents until they hatch.",
1543
        "Clownfish have a few ocean predators including stingrays, sharks, eels and other big fish; but their greatest threat is humans. People who catch clownfish and keep them as pets in aquariums are making a mistake. There are only ten out of more than one thousand types of anemone that are able to host these fish. Many people put the fish in a tank with the wrong anemone.",
1544
        "In Disney/Pixar's 2003 film Finding Nemo and its 2016 sequel Finding Dory, main characters Marlin and Nemo are clownfish. The popularity of clownfish greatly increased following the release of these films, thus also greatly increasing the amount of captured specimens."
1545
    ],
1546
    "Coati": [
1547
        "Coatis also called coatimundis are members of the raccoon family (Procyonidae) in the genera Nasua and Nasuella.",
1548
        "There are 4 species of coatis: \u2022 the mountain coati (Nasuella olivacea) is found in the Andes of western Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador \u2022 the eastern mountain coati or eastern dwarf coati (Nasuella meridensis) is found in the Andes of western Venezuela. \u2022 the white-nosed coati (Nasua narica) is found from southeastern Arizona through Mexico and Central America and into western Colombia and Ecuador. \u2022 the South American coati (Nasua nasua) found in tropical regions of South America, from Colombia and Venezuela to Uruguay, northern parts of Argentina, and into Ecuador.",
1549
        "The lifespan of the coatis is about 7 years in the wild and up to 16 years in captivity.",
1550
        "The coati has a long, flexible snout and a slender, darkly banded tail that it often carries erect as it moves about. It has coarse fur that is gray to reddish or brown, sometimes close to black with lighter underparts and light facial markings.",
1551
        "The male coati measures about 73 to 136 centimeters (29 to 54 inches) in length\u2014half of which is tail\u2014and weighs roughly 4.5 to 11 kilograms (10 to 24 pounds). The female is somewhat smaller.",
1552
        "Coatis are diurnal animals meaning they are most active during the day.",
1553
        "Coatis are intelligent and highly adaptable animals. They climb and forage both in trees and on the ground.",
1554
        "Coatis are omnivores, with a highly varied diet of small vertebrate prey (lizards, rodents, birds, bird eggs, and crocodile eggs), ground-litter invertebrates, and fruit.",
1555
        "Coatis are highly gregarious and have a wide range of social behavior, including cooperative grooming, nursing, vigilance, and evident defensive behavior. Bands are usually slightly antagonistic to other bands when they meet. However, peaceful interactions also occur, and are occasionally characterized by intergroup grooming sessions.",
1556
        "Coati predators include jaguarundis, boa constrictors, foxes, dogs, tayras, ocelots, and jaguars. Large raptors, such as ornate hawk-eagles, black-and-chestnut eagles, and harpy eagles, also are known to hunt them.",
1557
        "Coatis face unregulated hunting and the serious threat of environmental destruction in Central and South America.",
1558
        "The coati is also known in English as the hog-nosed coon."
1559
    ],
1560
    "Cockatoo": [
1561
        "Cockatoos are parrots that belong to the family Cacatuidae and the genus Cacatua.",
1562
        "There are 21 species of cockatoo in the world.",
1563
        "Wild cockatoos are native to Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea, the Philippines and Solomon Islands.",
1564
        "The lifespan is up to 60 years or longer, depending upon the species. The oldest cockatoo in captivity was a Major Mitchell's cockatoo named \"Cookie\", residing at Brookfield Zoo in Chicago, which lived to be 83 years old (1933\u20132016).",
1565
        "Cockatoos are recognisable by the showy crests and curved bills.",
1566
        "Cockatoos range in size: the tallest is Red-tailed black cockatoo up to 65 centimeters (26 inches); the shortest are Solomons cockatoo, Philippine cockatoo and cockatiel at 30 centimeters (12 inches); the heaviest is Palm cockatoo at 1 kilogram (35 ounces); the lightest are Tanimbar corella and Philippine cockatoo at 300 grams (10.5 ounces).",
1567
        "Cockatoos have a large bill, which is kept sharp by rasping the two mandibles together when resting. The bill is complemented by a large muscular tongue which helps manipulate seeds inside the bill so that they can be de-husked before eating.",
1568
        "Cockatoos, depending on the species will eat an assortment of seeds, fruits, nuts, berries, blossoms, roots, and vegetation such as leaf buds. Some cockatoos even eat insects and their larva. They are known to raid farmers' crops, destroy sprouts, mature crops and bagged grain.",
1569
        "Cockatoos are diurnal and require daylight to find their food.",
1570
        "The vocalisations of cockatoos are loud and harsh. They serve a number of functions, including allowing individuals to recognize one another, alerting others of predators, indicating individual moods, maintaining the cohesion of a flock and as warnings when defending nests.",
1571
        "Like all parrots, cockatoos are zygodactyl (having two toes pointing forward and two backward). This, along with the use of their beak, gives them the ability to use their feet much like we use our hands and helps make them terrific climbers! Having the ability to climb is a necessity for birds that live and nest in thick forests.",
1572
        "All species are generally highly social and roost, forage and travel in flocks. Noisy flocks sometimes include two or three different cockatoo species. Flocks can number in the dozens to thousands of birds: one record from the Kimberley noted a flock of 32 thousands little corellas.",
1573
        "After breeding, the cockatoo pair leaves their group to find a good nesting spot. They make their nest in a large tree hole, 16 to 100 feet (5 to 30 meters) above ground. The female lays one or six eggs, and both parents take turns sitting on them, turning them and keeping them moist during the incubation period. The eggs hatch in about 30 days.",
1574
        "Illegal trade in wild-caught birds contributes to the decline of some cockatoo species in the wild.",
1575
        "The cockatiel is the easiest cockatoo species to maintain and is by far the most frequently kept in captivity.",
1576
        "According to the IUCN and BirdLife International, seven species of cockatoo are considered to be vulnerable or worse and one is considered to be near threatened. Of these, two species\u2014the red-vented cockatoo and the yellow-crested cockatoo\u2014are considered to be critically endangered.",
1577
        "The word cockatoo dates from the 17th century and is a derivation from the Malay name for these birds, \"kakak tua\" (meaning \"older sibling\") or from the call of the white cockatoo itself.",
1578
        "In some areas of Australia, local lore has it that the arrival of the red-tailed black cockatoo means that rain is on the way, so the birds are a welcome sight.",
1579
        "Snowball is a male Eleonora cockatoo, noted as being the first non-human animal conclusively demonstrated to be capable of beat induction \u2014 perceiving music and synchronizing his body movements to the beat.",
1580
        "In the 1973 film Serpico, Al Pacino's character had a pet white cockatoo."
1581
    ],
1582
    "Coral": [
1583
        "Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecosystems in the world, housing tens of thousands of marine species.",
1584
        "Appearing as solitary forms in the fossil record more than 400 million years ago, corals are extremely ancient animals that evolved into modern reef-building forms over the last 25 million years.",
1585
        "Coral reefs are the largest structures on Earth of biological origin.",
1586
        "Coral reefs are unique and complex systems. Rivaling old growth forests in longevity of their ecological communities, well-developed reefs reflect thousands of years of history.",
1587
        "Corals are ancient animals related to jellyfish and anemones.",
1588
        "The branch or mound that we often call \"a coral\" is actually made up of thousands of tiny animals called polyps. A coral polyp is an invertebrate that can be no bigger than a pinhead to up to 30 centimeters (1 foot) in diameter.",
1589
        "Reefs only occur in shallow areas that are reachable by sunlight because of the relationship between coral and algae.",
1590
        "Various types of microscopic algae, known as Symbiodinium, live inside of the coral, providing them with food and helping them to grow faster.",
1591
        "Coral reefs are found all around the world in tropical and subtropical oceans. They are usually found in a depth of less than 45 meters (150 feet). However, some coral reefs extend even deeper, up to about 135 meters (450 feet) deep.",
1592
        "Coral reefs grow best in warm water ( 21\u201329\u00b0C or 70\u201385\u00b0F ).",
1593
        "In recent years scientists have discovered cold water coral reefs off the coast of Norway and deep underwater in the Mediterranean Sea.",
1594
        "There are over 2 thousands kinds (species) of corals. About 1 thousands are the hard corals that build coral reefs.",
1595
        "Other corals are soft corals. Soft corals have skeletons that are flexible and can bend with the water.",
1596
        "The three main types of coral reefs are fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and coral atoll.",
1597
        "The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef biome and is located in Australia. It can actually be seen from outer space.",
1598
        "Coral reef biomes are naturally colorful because of the algae. If the coral reef appears white, this means there is a pollution problem.",
1599
        "Reefs formed by corals are one of the most biodiverse marine areas on the planet, housing hundreds and even thousands of species. The diversity is due to the fact that reefs are an important location for finding food, shelter, mates and places to reproduce. Reefs also act as nurseries for large fish species, keeping them safe until they are large enough to strike out into the deeper ocean.",
1600
        "Coral reefs also help to improve the surrounding water quality. They act as a kind of filter that traps things floating in the water, which makes for cleaner water all around.",
1601
        "With growth rates of 0.3 to 2 centimeters (0.1 to 0.7 inches) per year for massive corals, and up to 10 centimeters (4 inches) per year for branching corals, it can take up to 10 thousands years for a coral reef to form from a group of larvae.",
1602
        "Some estimates put the total diversity of life found in, on, and around all coral reefs at up to 2 million species.",
1603
        "Coral reef plants and animals are important sources of new medicines being developed to treat cancer, arthritis, human bacterial infections, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, viruses, and other diseases.",
1604
        "Villages tend to appear wherever there is a coral reef because it can provide a major food source for people without them having to venture out into unprotected waters, or too far inland.",
1605
        "Coral reefs are a big tourist attraction.",
1606
        "Coral reefs are often called \"the rainforests of the sea\"."
1607
    ],
1608
    "Coyote": [
1609
        "Coyote (Canis latrans), also called prairie wolf or brush wolf, is a member of the canine (dog) family.",
1610
        "There are 19 subspecies of coyote.",
1611
        "Coyote is native to western North America, but now extends throughout North and Central America, ranging in the north from Alaska and all but the northernmost parts of Canada, south through the continental United States and Mexico, and throughout Central America to Panama.",
1612
        "Coyotes once lived primarily in open prairies and deserts, but now roam the continent's forests and mountains.",
1613
        "In addition to occurring in natural areas, coyotes are also found in a range of human-populated areas, including rural farms, suburbs, and cities.",
1614
        "The average lifespan of a coyote in the wild is 10 to 14 years, while coyotes in captivity can live up to 20 years.",
1615
        "Coyotes are semi-social animals; they can be solitary, or form traveling pairs or packs.",
1616
        "Coyote behavior and social interactions vary greatly with season and geographic region.",
1617
        "For the most part coyotes are diurnal or crepuscular (active at dawn and dusk), but have more nocturnal habits where they reside in close proximity to humans.",
1618
        "Hunting strategy depends on the type of prey they are chasing. If coyote hunt a small prey, it will hunt alone. If the prey of choice is larger animal, such as deer, group of coyotes will join their forces to kill the prey.",
1619
        "Coyotes are excellent runners. They can run up to 65 kilometers (40 miles) an hour and can jump a distance of over 4 meters (13 feet).",
1620
        "Coyotes are extremely wary. Their sense of smell is remarkable, and their senses of sight and hearing are exceptionally well developed.",
1621
        "Coyotes have special tactic to avoid predators and potential danger. They move silently by walking on the tips of their toes.",
1622
        "Main predators of coyotes are bears, cougars, wolves and humans (coyotes are treated as pests and humans often kill them to protect livestock).",
1623
        "The coyote is a very vocal animal with a varied repertoire of calls. It uses a long howl to report its location, short barks to warn of danger, yips when reuniting with pack members, growls when establishing dominance, whines and whimpers when bonding, and high-pitched barks to summon pups.",
1624
        "Coyotes are generally monogamous and maintain pair bonds that can last for several years. The breeding season runs from late December through March. The female coyote gestation period lasts 60 \u2013 63 daysand pups are born in the early spring.",
1625
        "Litter size depends on a variety of factors but typically ranges from 4 to 7. Both parents care for their young, frequently with the help of older offspring. Coyotes make their dens in rocky crevices, dense thickets and sometimes the dens of other animals.",
1626
        "The coyote appears often in the tales and traditions of Native Americans\u2014usually as a very savvy and clever beast.",
1627
        "Some tribes, such as the Chinook, Maidu, Paiute, Pawnee, Tohono O'odham, and Ute portray the coyote as the companion of the creator.",
1628
        "Wile E. Coyote (also known simply as \"The Coyote\") and The Road Runner are a duo of characters from the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons."
1629
    ],
1630
    "Crab": [
1631
        "Crab is an invertebrate that belongs to the crustacean family.",
1632
        "There are over 4 thousands species of crabs.",
1633
        "They live in all the world's oceans, in fresh water, and on land. But most crab species are found in the shallower ocean waters where the crabs tend to inhabit rocky pools and coral reefs.",
1634
        "The lifespan of a crab varies according to species. A blue crab lives one to eight years, while a Japanese Spider Crab lives 50 to 100 years. Crab life expectancies also vary according to habitat. Crabs kept as pets can live longer than crabs in the wild when they are properly cared for.",
1635
        "Crabs greatly vary in size.",
1636
        "The pea crab (Pinnotheres pisum) is the smallest known species reaches from 6 to 13 millimeters (0.24 to 0.5 inches).",
1637
        "The largest species is the Japanese Spider Crab (Macrocheira kaempferi) reaching 5.5 meters (18 feet) from claw to claw.",
1638
        "Crabs have a thick external skeleton called an exoskeleton. It is a shell made of calcium carbonate and provides protection for the soft tissue underneath.",
1639
        "Crabs are also known as decapods because they have 10 legs. First pair of legs is modified into claws, called chelae which the crab uses to catch its prey.",
1640
        "Crabs have their eyes on the stalks, which enables them to see around even when they are under water or a rock, or in their burrow. Their eyes are made of hundreds of little lenses.",
1641
        "Most crabs have flat bodies that enable them to squeeze into very narrow crevices.",
1642
        "Crabs typically walk sideways because of the articulation of the legs which makes a sidelong gait more efficient. However, some crabs can walk forwards or backwards, and some are capable of swimming.",
1643
        "A crab may lose a claw or leg in a fight. In time (about a year), the claw or leg grows back.",
1644
        "The vast majority of crabs have gills, much like fish, which extract oxygen dissolved in water. Even when they are on land, the gills can still absorb oxygen as long as they are kept moist. There is also a small selection of land crabs that have dual-circulatory systems, meaning they have lungs as well as gills.",
1645
        "Crabs are omnivorous, meaning that they will eat both plants and other animals for sustenance. Some feed primarily on algae, others feed on mollusks, worms, fungi, bacteria and even other crustaceans, such as shrimp or barnacles. In times of desperation, they have been known to eat the offal from the sea floor, which can include dead and decaying animals.",
1646
        "Most crabs have very soft feathery mouths, so they need a way to break up all the food they ingest. Instead of chewing and breaking up food in their mouths, they do this is their stomachs. A crab's stomach is split into two parts \u2013 the first houses three strong teeth to grind up the food they eat, strong enough to grind up hard and gritty material, including shells.",
1647
        "Crabs are mostly active animals with complex behaviour patterns. They can communicate by drumming or waving their pincers.",
1648
        "Some species of crabs are solitary, while other live in the group. Collective name for the group of crabs is \"cast\".",
1649
        "Male and female crabs can be distinguished by looking at their abdomens. In most male crabs, the form of the abdomen (pleon) is narrow and triangular, while the females have a broader, rounder abdomen. Additionally, female crabs have smaller claws than male crabs.",
1650
        "Crabs attract a mate through chemical (pheromones), visual, acoustic, or vibratory means.",
1651
        "Most crabs have many natural enemies, or predators. Birds attack smaller crabs, sometimes carrying them high into the air and then dropping them on boulders to crack their shells. Fish with powerful, shell-crunching jaws also eat crabs. Many kinds of mammals, from seals to raccoons, also look forward to a crab dinner.",
1652
        "Organisms bearing similar names such as hermit crabs, king crabs, porcelain crabs, horseshoe crabs, and crab lice are not true crabs.",
1653
        "Crabs are widely eaten by humans, making up 20 percent of all marine crustaceans that are farmed or caught around the world.",
1654
        "The most consumed species of crab in the world is the Japanese Blue Crab.",
1655
        "The crabs can grow back their claws after losing it. So, in some species, for human consumption their claws are manually squeezed and pulled off returning the live crab in water.",
1656
        "Crabs are often boiled alive. In 2005, Norwegian scientists concluded that crustaceans could not feel pain. However, a study by Bob Elwood and Mirjam Appel of Queens University in Belfast, found that hermit crabs reacted to electric shocks. This may indicate that some crustaceans are able to feel and remember pain.",
1657
        "Crabs are prepared and eaten as a dish in several different ways all over the world. Some species are eaten whole, including the shell, such as soft-shell crab; with other species, just the claws and/or legs are eaten.",
1658
        "Both the constellation Cancer and the astrological sign Cancer are named after the crab, and depicted as a crab."
1659
    ],
1660
    "Crane": [
1661
        "Cranes are large birds with a long neck and legs, a streamlined body, and long, rounded wings.",
1662
        "From their powerful calls to their intricate dances, cranes have enchanted people for centuries.",
1663
        "There are 15 species of crane in 4 genera.",
1664
        "Cranes are found on all continents except in South America and Antarctica.",
1665
        "The lifespan is from 20 to 50 years in the wild, depending on the species. Oldest known crane was Siberian Crane that lived 83 years in captivity.",
1666
        "Cranes range in size from the demoiselle crane, which measures 90 cm (35 in) in length, to the sarus crane [photo below] (the world's tallest flying bird), which can be up to 180 cm (70 in), although the heaviest is the red-crowned crane, which can weigh 12 kg (26 lb) prior to migrating.",
1667
        "Cranes come with a broad array of adornments from ornamental wattles and crests to dramatic plumage colors.",
1668
        "Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back.",
1669
        "Cranes have been clocked flying 72 kilometers (45 miles) per hour.",
1670
        "The highest-flying are Eurasian cranes, flying over the Himalayas at altitudes up to 10 thousands meters (32 thousands feet) \u2014 that's cruising altitude for jetliners!",
1671
        "Some species and populations of cranes migrate over long distances; others do not migrate at all.",
1672
        "Cranes are diurnal birds.",
1673
        "The Crane sleeps on one leg with its head under its wing and its other leg drawn up to its body.",
1674
        "These remarkable birds have a vast vocal communication system. Each species has its own tone and volume, from the soft honks of crowned cranes to the flutelike call of Siberian cranes. Cranes also use body language for communication.",
1675
        "Cranes are opportunistic feeders that change their diet according to the season and their own nutrient requirements. They eat a range of items from suitably sized small rodents, fish, amphibians, and insects to grain, berries, and plants.",
1676
        "All cranes, young and old alike, participate in elaborate, enthusiastic \"dancing,\" often just for the fun of it! For the young, dancing helps to develop physical and social skills. It serves as a courtship ritual for the single adults and gets established pairs ready to breed, too. In a flock of cranes, once a dance starts, it can quickly become contagious, with all the cranes joining in.",
1677
        "Cranes are solitary during the breeding season, occurring in pairs, but during the non-breeding season they are gregarious, forming large flocks where their numbers are sufficient.",
1678
        "Cranes are perennially monogamous breeders, establishing long-term pair bonds that may last the lifetime of the birds. Pair bonds begin to form in the second or third years of life, but it may be several years before the first successful breeding season.",
1679
        "Cranes are territorial and generally seasonal breeders.",
1680
        "Cranes construct platform nests in shallow water, and typically lay two eggs at a time. Both parents help to rear the young, which remain with them until the next breeding season.",
1681
        "Due to the sheer size of adult cranes, they have few natural predators within their native environment. Foxes, wildcats and large birds of prey including owls and eagles are the most common predators of the crane and mainly their chicks.",
1682
        "Throughout Asia, the crane is a symbol of happiness and eternal youth. In Japan, the crane is one of the mystical or holy creatures (others include the dragon and the tortoise) and symbolizes good fortune and longevity because of its fabled life span of a thousand years.",
1683
        "An ancient Japanese legend promises that anyone who folds a thousand origami cranes will be granted a wish by a crane.",
1684
        "In China, several styles of kung fu take inspiration from the movements of cranes in the wild, the most famous of these styles being Wing Chun, Hung Gar (tiger crane), and the Shaolin Five Animals style of fighting. Crane movements are well known for their fluidity and grace.",
1685
        "Greek and Roman myths often portrayed the dance of cranes as a love of joy and a celebration of life, and the crane was often associated with both Apollo and Hephaestus.",
1686
        "Ancient Egyptians decorated their tombs with images of cranes.",
1687
        "The flag of Uganda features a crowned crane, making it one of the few national flags to bear the image of a bird.",
1688
        "Cranes are among the oldest living birds on the planet. A crane fossil found in the Ashfall Fossil Beds in northeast Nebraska, estimated to be about 10 million years old."
1689
    ],
1690
    "Crocodile": [
1691
        "Crocodiles are large aquatic reptiles that live in tropical regions of Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia.",
1692
        "There are 14 species of crocodiles.",
1693
        "All crocodiles are semiaquatic and tend to congregate in freshwater habitats such as rivers, lakes, wetlands and sometimes in brackish water and saltwater.",
1694
        "The lifespan of crocodiles varies depending on the species. In the wild, large crocodile species tend to live between 60 and 70 years, while smaller species live for 30 to 40 years on average.",
1695
        "The smallest crocodile is the dwarf crocodile (Osteolaemus tetraspis). It grows to about 1.5 meters (4.9 feet) in length and weighs 18 to 32 kg (40 to 71 pounds).",
1696
        "The largest crocodile is the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus). It grows up to 7.0 meters (23.0 feet) in length and weighs up to 1 thousands kilograms (2 thousands pounds).",
1697
        "All crocodiles are characterized by a lizardlike shape and a thick skin composed of close-set overlapping bony plates.",
1698
        "They have a relatively long snout which varies considerably in shape and proportion. Their nostril, eye, and ear openings are the highest parts of the head allowing the crocodile to lie low in the water, almost totally submerged and hidden from prey.",
1699
        "Like other reptiles, crocodiles are cold-blooded. They regulate body temperature by changing what environment they are in. If they need to warm up, they bask in the sun. If they need to cool down, they move to shade or into the water.",
1700
        "Crocodiles have acute senses, an evolutionary advantage that makes them successful predators.",
1701
        "Crocodiles have very good night vision, and are mostly nocturnal hunters. They use the disadvantage of most prey animals' poor nocturnal vision to their advantage.",
1702
        "Crocodiles are carnivores (meat-eaters). They mostly eat fish, amphibians, crustaceans, molluscs, birds, reptiles, and mammals, and they occasionally cannibalize smaller crocodiles.",
1703
        "As cold-blooded predators, they have a very slow metabolism, so they can survive long periods without food. Larger crocodiles can go for over a year without eating a meal.",
1704
        "Crocodiles have the strongest bite of any animal in the world. Despite this, however, the muscles that open the crocodile's jaws are not very powerful. A strong person could hold a crocodile's mouth closed with their bare hands!",
1705
        "Crocodiles have between 60 and 72 teeth which they use to tear flesh apart. They do not chew their food, but instead swallow large portions of their prey.",
1706
        "The social lives of crocodiles is complex. They are more social than all other reptiles. Though they primarily lead solitary lives, they resort to group behavior for important activities such as hunting or raising hatchlings.",
1707
        "Crocodiles lay eggs, which are either laid in hole or mound nests, depending on species. They lay 10 to 60 eggs at a time. The average incubation period is around 80 days, and also is dependent on temperature and species that usually ranges from 65 to 95 days.",
1708
        "Crocodiles keep growing all their lives.",
1709
        "Crocodiles are one of the planets oldest living creatures, thought to be around 230 million years old which means that crocodiles were around in dinosaur times.",
1710
        "A male freshwater crocodile lived to an estimated age of 120\u2013140 years at the Australia Zoo.",
1711
        "Crocodiles are very fast over short distances, even out of water. The land speed record for a crocodile is 17 kilometers (11 miles) per hour, measured in a galloping Australian freshwater crocodile.",
1712
        "Crocodiles are polyphyodonts (animal whose teeth are continuously replaced). They are able to replace each of their teeth up to 50 times in their lifetime.",
1713
        "It is illegal to hunt crocodiles for their skin. This makes their skin very rare. A crocodile skin purse can cost $ 15 thousands.",
1714
        "The Cuban crocodile is one of the world's most endangered species of crocodile. It is considered critically endangered and has a population of only about 4 thousands.",
1715
        "Although they appear to be similar to the untrained eye, crocodiles and alligators are not the same. Alligators tend to have wide, U-shaped, rounded snouts, while crocodiles tend to have longer, more pointed, V-shaped snouts.The fourth tooth on the lower jaw sticks up over the upper lip on crocodiles, so you can see it when their mouth is closed. In alligators, this fourth tooth is covered up.",
1716
        "The term \"Crocodile tears\" refers to a false, insincere display of emotion, such as a hypocrite crying fake tears of grief. In fact, crocodiles can and do generate tears, but they do not actually cry. Tears are normally only noticeable if the crocodile has been out of the water for a long time and the eyes begin to dry out."
1717
    ],
1718
    "Cuttlefish": [
1719
        "Cuttlefish are marine animals of the order Sepiida.",
1720
        "Despite their name, cuttlefish are not fish but molluscs.",
1721
        "There are over 120 species of cuttlefish.",
1722
        "Cuttlefish, inhabit tropical/temperate ocean waters.",
1723
        "Cuttlefish are found along the coasts of East and South Asia, Western Europe, and the Mediterranean, as well as all coasts of Africa and Australia but are totally absent from the Americas.",
1724
        "The average lifespan of a cuttlefish is about 1 to 2 years.",
1725
        "They range in size from tiny flamboyant cuttlefish (metasepia pfefferi), which grows to 8 centimeters (3.1 inches) in mantle length to the giant cuttlefish (Sepia apama), reaching 50 centimeters (20 inches) in mantle length and over 10.5 kilograms (23 pounds) in mass.",
1726
        "Cuttlefish have eight arms and two tentacles. Both the tentacles and arms have suckers.",
1727
        "Cuttlefish are sometimes referred to as the \"chameleons of the sea\" because of their remarkable ability to rapidly alter their skin color \u2013 this can occur within one second. Cuttlefish change color and pattern, and the shape or texture of the skin to communicate to other cuttlefish, to camouflage themselves, and as a deimatic display to warn off potential predators.",
1728
        "While the cuttlefish uses its mantle cavity for jet-propulsion when quick movement is needed, it relies on its specialized fins for basic mobility and maintaining consistent speeds. Resembling a short, flouncy skirt, the muscular fin can maneuver the cuttlefish in nearly any direction: backward, forward, even in circles, with such movement being more energetically efficient than jetting.",
1729
        "Within their bodies, cuttlefish have a long, oval bone called a cuttlebone. This bone is used to regulate buoyancy using chambers that may be filled with gas and/or water depending on where the cuttlefish is in the water column. The cuttlebone is rich in calcium and is often sold in pet stores as a nutritional supplement for birds. [Photos below: top and bottom view of a cuttlebone]",
1730
        "Although color-blind, the cuttlefish has two of the most highly developed eyes in the animal kingdom. It can see well in low light and can also detect polarized light, enhancing its perception of contrast. The eyes of cuttlefish have a modified horizontal slit-pupil with a distinctive W-shape in bright light, while in darkness the pupil is circular.",
1731
        "Cuttlefish have one of the largest brain-to-body size ratios of all invertebrates. Recent studies indicate cuttlefish are among the most intelligent invertebrates.",
1732
        "The cuttlefish brain can handle input from a variety of senses, including sight, smell, and even \"sound\" (in the form of pressure waves).",
1733
        "Cuttlefish have three hearts. Two hearts are used to pump blood to the cuttlefish's large gills, and the third heart is used to circulate oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.",
1734
        "The blood of a cuttlefish is an unusual shade of green-blue because it uses the copper-containing protein haemocyanin to carry oxygen instead of the red, iron-containing protein haemoglobin found in humans' blood.",
1735
        "Cuttlefish have ink, like squid and octopus species, which they use to help evade predators. This ink is stored inside an ink sac.",
1736
        "Some cuttlefish are venomous.",
1737
        "The cuttlefish is a carnivorous animal that eat small molluscs, crabs, shrimp, fish, octopus, worms, and other cuttlefish.",
1738
        "The cuttlefish uses its ability to change body color to hide itself, before catching its prey with two long feeding tentacles. Each arm has a pad covered in suckers which grabs and pulls prey toward its beak, paralyzing it with venom before eating it.",
1739
        "Cuttlefish are solitary creatures, only coming together to mate.",
1740
        "Cuttlefish are remarkable for how quickly and diversely they can communicate visually. To produce these signals, cuttlefish can vary four types of communication element: chromatic (skin coloration), skin texture (e.g. rough or smooth), posture and locomotion.",
1741
        "Eggs take about 2 months to hatch, but this time depends a lot on the temperature of the water that they are in. When the eggs hatch, each will produce a perfectly formed cuttlefish, able to swim, squirt ink and feed.",
1742
        "The cuttlefish's natural predators include dolphins, sharks, fish, sea turtles, seals, seabirds, and other cuttlefish.",
1743
        "The cuttlefish is listed under the Red List category of \"Least Concern\" by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.",
1744
        "Discovered by divers in the late 1990s, the upper Spencer Gulf population is the world's only known mass cuttlefish spawning aggregation with hundreds of thousands of the giant cuttlefish congregating on sub-tidal reefs around Point Lowly near Whyalla between May and August.",
1745
        "Cuttlefish can change to be almost any color to match their surroundings \u2014 even though they're colorblind.",
1746
        "Cuttlefish can see polarized light, an adaptation which may aid in their ability to sense contrast and determine what colors and patterns to use when blending into their surroundings.",
1747
        "Sometimes cuttlefish males disguise themselves as females to get past competing males to mate with a female.",
1748
        "The muscles of the flamboyant cuttlefish (Metasepia pfefferi) contain a highly toxic, unidentified compound as lethal as that of a fellow cephalopod, the blue-ringed octopus.",
1749
        "Cuttlefish are rarely kept as pets, due in part to their fairly short lifetimes.",
1750
        "Cuttlefish are caught for food in the Mediterranean, East Asia, the English Channel, and elsewhere.",
1751
        "In East Asia, dried, shredded cuttlefish is a popular snack food.",
1752
        "In northeast Italy, they are used in risotto al nero di seppia (risotto with cuttlefish ink), also found in Croatia as crni ri\u017eot (black risotto)."
1753
    ],
1754
    "Dachshund": [
1755
        "The dachshund is a breed of dog.",
1756
        "The dachshund is a long-bodied, characteristically lively dog with a deep chest, short legs, tapering muzzle, and long ears. It has an energetic, pleasant expression.",
1757
        "The average lifespan for a dachshund is about 12 to 16 years.",
1758
        "Dachshunds come in three sizes: \u2022 Standard dachshund is 20 to 23 cm (8 to 9 in) at the shoulder and averages 7.3 kg (16 lb) to 15 kg (32 lb). \u2022 Kaninchen Dachshund is 18 to 21 cm (\u200e7 to 8 in) weighs 8 lb (3.6 kg) to 11 lb (5.0 kg). Kaninchen is a German word for \"rabbit\". \u2022 Miniature dachshund is normally 12.5 to 15.5 cm (5 to 6 in) at the shoulder and weighs less than 5.4 kg (12 lb).",
1759
        "There are three dachshund coat varieties: \u2022 Smooth coat (short hair) dachshunds are probably the most common of three dachshund coat varieties. \u2022 Longhaired dachshunds have a silky coat and short featherings on legs and ears. \u2022 Wirehaired dachshunds [Photo below] are the least common coat variety in the United States (although it is the most common in Germany) and the most recent coat to appear in breeding standards.",
1760
        "Dachshund fur comes in many colours. The colors that are most common are red (a brown color that looks a little reddish) and black-and-tan (black body with brown parts). There are solid black and solid chocolate-brown dachshunds.",
1761
        "Dachshunds are known for their devotion and loyalty to their owners, though they can be standoffish towards strangers.",
1762
        "Despite their small size, Dachshunds make good watchdogs due to their surprisingly loud bark.",
1763
        "According to the American Kennel Club (AKC), the dachshund is ranked 13th in popularity among dog breeds in the United States.",
1764
        "\"Dachshund\" is a German word that is used in English, and it means \"badger dog.\"",
1765
        "Badgers are a formidable opponent for their size, and the dachshund, perhaps accordingly, has earned a reputation for \"extraordinary courage and endurance as a hunter\".",
1766
        "Dachshunds were also commonly used for rabbit and fox hunting, for locating wounded deer, and in packs were known to hunt game as large as wild boar and as fierce as the wolverine.",
1767
        "Dachshunds have been kept by royal courts all over Europe, including that of Queen Victoria, who was particularly enamored by the breed.",
1768
        "Dachshunds have traditionally been viewed as a symbol of Germany. Political cartoonists commonly used the image of the dachshund to ridicule Germany. During World War I, the dachshunds' popularity in the United States plummeted because of this association. As a result, they were often called \"liberty hounds\" by their owners similar to \"liberty cabbage\" becoming a term for sauerkraut mostly in North America.",
1769
        "Due to the association of the breed with Germany, as well as its particular popularity among dog keepers in Munich back then, the dachshund was chosen to be the first official mascot for the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, with the name Waldi.",
1770
        "Some people train and enter their dachshunds to compete in dachshund races, such as the Wiener Nationals. Several races across the United States routinely draw several thousand attendees.",
1771
        "Grover Cleveland, the 22nd and 24th President, had a dachshund in the White House.",
1772
        "In Zelenogorsk, Russia, a parade of dachshunds pass by a dachshund monument every July 25 to commemorate the day the city was founded.",
1773
        "Lump was a Dachshund owned by David Douglas Duncan who lived with artist Pablo Picasso for six years, and featured in several of his works. Picasso & Lump: A Dachshund's Odyssey tells the story of Picasso and Lump.",
1774
        "In German, dachshunds are called Dackel or Teckel."
1775
    ],
1776
    "Dalmatian": [
1777
        "The Dalmatian is a breed of dog.",
1778
        "A sleek, symmetrically built, short-haired dog, the Dalmatian is characterized by its dark-spotted white coat.",
1779
        "The Dalmatian is known for its ready-and-willing attitude and seemingly endless energy. These dogs are quite smart, despite what some may think. The extreme energy level of the Dalmatian makes the breed appear goofy at times.",
1780
        "The average lifespan for a Dalmatian is between 10 to 13 years, although some can live as long as 18 years.",
1781
        "The Dalmatian is a medium-sized, well-defined, muscular dog.",
1782
        "The Dalmatian's true origins are up for debate, but evidence of similar types of dogs goes back to ancient times. It is likely that the breed did not actually originate in Dalmatia, but it is certain that Dalmatians were once used as sentinels in the area. They appear in artwork from the early 1600s.",
1783
        "In 1771, Thomas Pennant described the breed in his book Synopsis of Quadrupeds, writing that the origin of the breed is from Dalmatia, he referred to it as Dalmatian.",
1784
        "During the Regency period, the Dalmatian became a status symbol trotting alongside the horse-drawn carriages and those with decorative spotting were highly prized.",
1785
        "The breed had been developed and cultivated chiefly in England. The first unofficial standard for the breed was introduced by an Englishman Vero Shaw in 1882. In 1890 with the formation of the first Dalmatian Club in England the standard became official.",
1786
        "The tradition of Dalmatians in firehouses dates back more than a century. Nowadays they mainly serve as mascots, but before fire trucks had engines, Dalmatians played a vital role every time firefighters raced to a blaze.",
1787
        "The Dalmatian has been also used as a war dog, hunter, shepherd, and performer.",
1788
        "Today, it is a popular family pet and many dog enthusiasts enter Dalmatians into kennel club competitions.",
1789
        "Dalmatians usually have litters of six to nine pups, but larger litters of up to 15 puppies are common.",
1790
        "Dalmatian puppies are born with plain white coats and their first spots usually appear within 10 days; however, spots are visible on their skin from birth. They continue to develop until the dog is around 18 months old. Spots usually range in size from 3 to 6 cm (1.25 to 2.5 in), and are most commonly black or liver on a white background.",
1791
        "The Dalmatian breed experienced a massive surge in popularity as a result of the 1956 novel The Hundred and One Dalmatians written by British author Dodie Smith, and later due to the two Walt Disney films based on the book. The Disney animated film, released in 1961, later spawned a 1996 live-action remake, 101 Dalmatians. In the years following the release of the sequel 102 Dalmatians, the breed suffered greatly at the hands of irresponsible breeders and inexperienced owners."
1792
    ],
1793
    "Deer": [
1794
        "Deer (plural and singular) are the members of the Cervidae family of the order Artiodactyla, or even-toed hoofed mammals, with two large and two small hooves on each foot.",
1795
        "There are about 50 species of deer including elk, moose, caribou or reindeer, muntjac, red deer, and white-tailed deer, among others.",
1796
        "Deer are native to Europe, Asia, North America, South America and northern Africa. Humans introduced deer to Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.",
1797
        "A characteristic of deer is that almost all species have antlers, a biological structure that is unique to deer. Other ruminants have horns. Antlers consist of bony outgrowths from the head with no covering of keratin as is found in true horns.",
1798
        "Deer generally have lithe, compact bodies and long, powerful legs suited for rugged woodland terrain.",
1799
        "Most species of deer live in forested or partly wooded areas, although some live in grasslands, marshlands, and tundra.",
1800
        "Deer range from very large to very small.",
1801
        "The moose or elk is the largest species in the deer family. It can grow up to 2 meters (6.5 feet) from hoof to shoulder and weigh around 820 kilograms (1 thousands pounds).",
1802
        "The Southern pudu is smallest species in the deer family. It weighs only around 9 kilograms (20 pounds) and gets to be only around 36 centimeters (14 inches) tall when fully grown.",
1803
        "The lifespan of deer is from 10 to 25 years depending on the species; though many die long before then due to predators or environmental dangers such as collisions with cars.",
1804
        "Deer are herbivores which means they eat grass, leaves, plants, fruits, acorns, and nuts when they are available.",
1805
        "Biologically speaking, deer are crepuscular; feeding mainly from before dawn until several hours after, and again from late afternoon until dusk.",
1806
        "Deer have their eyes on the sides of their head, giving them a 310 degree view. This wide view does make it hard for deer to focus on a single point. Deer have a good night vision, which is useful in the early morning and near dusk.",
1807
        "Deer have a great sense of hearing. They have a lot of muscles attached to their ears which allow them to turn their ears in any direction, without moving their heads. They can hear higher frequencies of sound than humans.",
1808
        "Also they have an excellent sense of smell, which allows them to detect predators from a long distance away. Deer lick their nose to keep it moist, which helps odor particles stick to it, improving their sense of smell.",
1809
        "Although most deer live in herds, some species, such as South American marsh deer, are solitary.",
1810
        "Deer use three main types of communication: vocal, chemical, and visual.",
1811
        "Deer produce scents with glands located on their head, legs and hooves. These scents provide information to other deer about their gender, social status, physical condition and whether an area is safe.",
1812
        "In temperate-zone deer, antlers begin growing in the spring as skin-covered projections from the pedicels. The dermal covering, or \"velvet,\" is rich in blood vessels and nerves. When antlers reach full size, the velvet dies and is rubbed off as the animal thrashes its antlers against vegetation. Antlers are used during male-male competition for mates during breeding season, and are shed soon afterwards.",
1813
        "Although most deer are polygynous, some species are monogamous (e.g., European Roe deer). The breeding season of most deer is short. In some species, males establish territories, which encompass those of one or more females. In some deer, females may form small groups known as harems, which are guarded and maintained by males, and in other species males simply travel between herds looking for females.",
1814
        "Deer carry their young for a gestation period of 180 to 240 days.",
1815
        "Deer usually only have one or two young at a time (triplets, while not unknown, are uncommon) and these young are called fawns. Some of the large deer babies are also called calves.",
1816
        "Deer range in color from dark to very light brown; however, young are commonly born with spots, that helps camouflage them from potential predators.",
1817
        "Fawns are protected by a lack of scent. Enemies cannot smell them. The mother keeps them hidden in bushes and checks up on them about 6 times a day to feed them. Young deer stay with their mothers for 1-2 years.",
1818
        "Deer are prey to many wild animals around the world including wolves, coyotes, lynx, pumas, jaguars, tigers, bears and occasionally foxes. They are also hunted by humans.",
1819
        "The IUCN's Red List of Threatened Species includes the Calamian deer, Bawean deer, hog deer, Persian Fallow deer and the Chinanteco deer. The P\u00e8re David's deer is extinct in the wild and now can only be found in captive populations.",
1820
        "Only one species, the reindeer has been domesticated.",
1821
        "The only female deer with antlers are reindeer.",
1822
        "Chinese water deer are the only deer species not to have antlers. Instead, it has very long canine teeth that it uses to attract mates.",
1823
        "Deer antlers are the fastest growing tissue on Earth!",
1824
        "The Irish Elk (Megaloceros giganteus or Megaceros) is a huge extinct deer and the largest known species of deer to have ever lived. It died out about 11 thousands years ago. It is famous for its formidable size (about 2.1 meters (7 feet) at the shoulders), and in particular for having the largest antlers of any known deer (a maximum of 3.65 meters (12 feet) from tip to tip)",
1825
        "Deer appear in art from Palaeolithic cave paintings onwards, and they have played a role in mythology, religion, and literature throughout history, as well as in heraldry."
1826
    ],
1827
    "Dhole": [
1828
        "The dhole is a canid native to Central, South and Southeast Asia.",
1829
        "Dholes are found from Siberia in the north to the Malay Peninsula in the south.",
1830
        "They like open spaces and can often be found on jungle roads, river beds, jungle clearings, and paths, where they rest during the day. Dholes can also be found in dense forest steppes, and the thick jungles of the plains as well as the hills.",
1831
        "The lifespan of dhole is about 10 years in the wild and up to 16 years in captivity.",
1832
        "The dhole is an average size canine with head/body length 90 cm (35 in), tail length 40 to 45 cm (16 to 18 in), and shoulder height 50 cm (20 in).",
1833
        "The dhole is characterized by a broad skull and a short, broad muzzle. The fur on the back and flanks is reddish brown, while the neck, chest and undersides are white or lightly coloured.",
1834
        "In appearance, the dhole has been variously described as combining the physical characteristics of the grey wolf and red fox, and as being \"cat-like\" on account of its long backbone and slender limbs.",
1835
        "The dhole is a highly social animal, living in large clans without rigid dominance hierarchies and containing multiple breeding females. Such clans usually consist of 12 individuals, but groups of over 40 are known.",
1836
        "Dholes are great communicators and use an eerie whistle to communicate with each other. They also use a variety of other noises, including clucks and high-pitched screams that are not found anywhere else in the canid families. The whistling sound the dhole is known for is so distinct, it can be used to identify individual animals.",
1837
        "Dholes are incredibly athletic. They are fast runners, excellent swimmers, and impressive jumpers.",
1838
        "A dhole can jump over 2.1 meters (7 feet) straight up into the air.",
1839
        "Dholes prey on hoofed mammals \u2014 in India, they eat deer, wild pigs, buffalo, and wild goats. In Southeast Asia, dholes feed on deer, gaur, and banteng, and in Siberia, they eat deer, wild sheep, and reindeer. Dholes also eat berries, bugs, lizards, and rabbits and can hunt well on their own if needed.",
1840
        "When hunting as a pack, dholes can catch prey over 10 times their own body weight and can even fend off a tiger.",
1841
        "The dhole is listed as Endangered by the IUCN as populations are decreasing and are estimated at fewer than 2 thousands adults. Factors contributing to this decline include habitat loss, loss of prey, competition with other species, persecution due to livestock predation and disease transfer from domestic dogs.",
1842
        "During the Pleistocene, the dhole ranged throughout Asia, Europe and North America but became restricted to its historical range 12 thousands to 18 thousands years ago.",
1843
        "In 2016, the Korean company Sooam Biotech was reported to be attempting to clone the dhole using dogs as surrogate mothers to help conserve the species.",
1844
        "Three dhole-like animals are featured on the coping stone of the Bharhut stupa dating from 100 BC. They are shown waiting by a tree, with a woman or spirit trapped up it, a scene reminiscent of dholes treeing tigers."
1845
    ],
1846
    "Dingo": [
1847
        "The dingo is a type of feral dog native to Australia.",
1848
        "The name dingo is also used to describe wild dogs of Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, and New Guinea.",
1849
        "The oldest known dingo fossil in Australia dates from about 3 thousands years ago, studies of the diversity of DNA in the mitochondria of living individuals have suggested that the first dingoes were introduced to Australia sometime between 4 thousands and 18 thousands years ago. (By contrast, humans arrived in Australia at least 30 thousands years ago).",
1850
        "The name \"dingo\" comes from the Dharug language used by the Indigenous Australians of the Sydney area.",
1851
        "The first British colonists to arrive in Australia in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and noted \"dingoes\" living with indigenous Australians.",
1852
        "The lifespan of a dingo is up to 10 years in the wild, but can reach 15 to 20 years in captivity.",
1853
        "The dingo possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.",
1854
        "Similar to the domestic dog in structure and habits, the dingo has short, soft fur, a bushy tail, and erect, pointed ears.",
1855
        "Australian adult males of dingo are generally larger than females, weigh between 15.5 and 19.5 kg, and have an average body length of 125 centimeters (49 inches). Females weigh between 14 and 16 kg and average 122 centimeters (48 inches) in body length. Shoulder heights range from 53 (21 inches) to 59 centimeters (23 inches).",
1856
        "Southeast Asian dingoes are smaller than dingoes found in Australia.",
1857
        "The dingo's three main coat colors are described as being either light ginger, black and tan, or creamy white. The ginger color ranges from a deep rust to a pale cream and can be found in 74% of dingoes. There is often small white markings on the tip of the tail, the feet, and the chest but there are no large white patches.",
1858
        "Dingoes tend to be nocturnal in warmer regions, but less so in cooler areas. Their main period of activity is around dusk and dawn. The periods of activity are short (often less than one hour) with short times of resting.",
1859
        "Dingoes are the largest land predator in Australia.",
1860
        "The diet of Australian dingoes is comprised of 72% mammalian prey, with birds and reptiles comprising theremainder. On occasion dingoes may eat kangaroos, wallabies, sheep, and calves, but the majority of their dietis composed of small animals, especially the introduced European rabbit.",
1861
        "A dingo can run at speeds up to 48 km/h (30 mph)",
1862
        "Although dingoes are often seen alone, many of these individuals belong to a socially integrated pack of up to 12 animals. These packs generally comprise of an extended family, which includes a mating pair, the offspring of the year and sometimes offspring of previous years. Dingoes display a dominance hierarchy between and within both males and females. Dominant pairs are usually the only successful breeders, however the other pack members often assist with the rearing of the pups.",
1863
        "Dingoes breed once annually; after a gestation period of 63 days, females give birth to 4\u20135 pups (occasionally up to 10).",
1864
        "Like all domestic dogs, dingoes tend towards phonetic communication. However, in contrast to domestic dogs, dingoes howl and whimper more, and bark less. Eight sound classes with 19 sound types have been identified.",
1865
        "Dingoes are primarily killed by humans, crocodiles, and sometimes by other canid species, such as jackals and domestic dogs. Dingoes are also killed by dingoes from other packs.",
1866
        "The dingo's social behavior is about as flexible as that of a coyote or gray wolf, which is perhaps one of the reasons it was initially believed that the dingo was descended from the Indian wolf.",
1867
        "Although dingoes are large enough to be dangerous, they generally avoid conflict with humans. Apart from the well-known case in which an infant was taken from a campsite, there have been numerous confirmed dingo attacks, often involving people feeding wild dingoes.",
1868
        "Until 2004, the dingo was categorized as of \"least concern\" on the Red List of Threatened Species. However, it has since been recategorised as \"vulnerable,\" following the decline in numbers to around 30% of \"pure\" dingoes, due to crossbreeding with domestic dogs.",
1869
        "In the 1920s, the Dingo Fence was erected on the basis of the Wild Dog Act (1921) and, until 1931, thousands of miles of Dingo Fences had been erected in several areas of South Australia. It is generally considered the longest fence in the world."
1870
    ],
1871
    "Dog": [
1872
        "The Doge's Palace is a palace and one of the main landmarks of the city of Venice in northern Italy.",
1873
        "The Doge's Palace was the residence of the Doge (the ruler of Venice) and also housed the political bodies of the state, including the Great Council and the Council of Ten.",
1874
        "First raised in the 9th century, the Doge's Palace was rebuilt many times thereafter, and it was with the construction of the Sala del Maggior Consiglio in 1340 that the present building really took shape. Work continued until 1420, largely under the guidance of architect and sculptor Filippo Calendario.",
1875
        "There were numerous expansions of the Doge's Palace throughout subsequent centuries, including after 1574 and 1577, when fires ravaged parts of the building. Great Venetian architects, such as Filippo Calendario and Antonio Rizzo, as well as the masters of Venetian painting \u2013 Tintoretto, Titian, and Veronese \u2013 contributed to the elaborate interior design.",
1876
        "Since 1996, the Doge's Palace has been part of the Venetian museums network, which has been under the management of the Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia since 2008.",
1877
        "The Porta della Carta, the palace's main entrance, is the link between the Doge's Palace and St. Mark's Basilica, created by the brothers Giovanni and Bartolomeo Bon in the mid-1400s.",
1878
        "The north side of the courtyard is closed by the junction between the palace and St. Mark's Basilica, which used to be the Doge's chapel. At the center of the courtyard stand two well-heads dating from the mid-16th century.",
1879
        "After entering the inner courtyard you'll find a flight of stairs that led to the Doge's private quarters, known as the \"Scala dei Giganti\" and flanked by huge statues of Mars and Neptune.",
1880
        "Inside, the walls are made of stucco and the ceilings feature ornate works of art. The doge's apartment was on the second floor while the chancellery offices were located on the first. On the third level was the Sala del Collegio, where the doge met with foreign ambassadors. Here, today's visitors will find portraits of all of Venice's doges, except one, who disgraced himself by attempting a coup d'etat.",
1881
        "Restructured in the 14th century, the Chamber of the Great Council was decorated with a fresco by Guariento and later with works by the most famous artists of the period, including Gentile da Fabriano, Pisanello, Alvise Vivarini, Vittore Carpaccio, Giovanni Bellini, Pordenone and Titian. 53 meters long and 25 meters wide, this is not only the largest chamber in the Doge's Palace, but also one of the largest rooms in Europe.",
1882
        "The Central rail station, in Ia\u0219i (Romania), built in 1870, had as a model the architecture of the Doge's Palace.",
1883
        "The Ismailiyya building in Baku, which at present serves as the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, was styled after the Doge's Palace.",
1884
        "The elaborate arched facade of the 1895 building of Congregation Ohabai Shalome in San Francisco is a copy in painted redwood of the Doge's Palace.",
1885
        "The Doge's Palace was recreated and is playable in the 2009 video game, Assassin's Creed II."
1886
    ],
1887
    "Dolphin": [
1888
        "Dolphins are highly intelligent marine mammals.",
1889
        "Dolphins have smooth skin, flippers, and a dorsal fin. They have a long, slender snout with about 100 teeth, and a streamlined body.",
1890
        "There are 43 different species of dolphins that have been recognized. 38 of them are marine dolphins which are those that we are the most aware of and 5 of them are river dolphins.",
1891
        "Hector's dolphin is the smallest of the dolphins. Mature adults have a total length from 1.2 to 1.6 meters (3-ft-11-in to 5-ft-3-in) and weigh from 40 to 60 kilograms (88 to 132 pounds).",
1892
        "Dolphins are highly social animals, often living in pods of up to a dozen individuals, though pod sizes and structures vary greatly between species and locations. In places with a high abundance of food, pods can merge temporarily, forming a superpod; such groupings may exceed 1 thousands dolphins.",
1893
        "The single blowhole on top of their head has a flap that opens to reveal a pair of nostrils, which dolphins use for breathing when they surface.",
1894
        "Dolphins have to be conscious to breath. This means that they cannot go into a full deep sleep, because then they would suffocate. Dolphins have \"solved\" that by letting one half of their brain sleep at a time. This has been determined by doing EEG studies on dolphins.",
1895
        "Dolphins have an eye on each side of their head. Each eye moves independently of the other, so dolphins can see ahead, to the side, and behind them. They can also see very well both underwater and above water. Their vision out of the water is about as good as a cat's or a dog's vision.",
1896
        "Their ear holes are tiny, about the size of a crayon point, but dolphins probably have the best hearing in the Animal Kingdom. They receive sounds through their jawbone and head, and the vibrations pass into the tiny bones of their inner ear.",
1897
        "All dolphins make sounds that travel underwater, bounce off something, and then return to the dolphins as echoes. This sophisticated echolocation allows dolphins to find food or avoid predators, even in dark or murky water.",
1898
        "While some dolphins eat fish like herring, cod or mackerel, some others eat squids. Even more, large dolphins like the killer whales, eat some other marine mammals like seals or sea lions and sometime even turtles.",
1899
        "On average an adult dolphin will eat 4 to 9% of its body weight in fish, so a 250 kilograms (550 pounds) dolphin will eat 10 to 22.5 kilograms (22 to 50 pounds) fish per day.",
1900
        "Dolphins also work together to help when one animal is sick, hurt, or giving birth. They take turns pushing the hurt or young dolphin to the surface so it can breathe. Pods of dolphins will attack an intruder as a group and can even kill a large shark by ramming it as a group!",
1901
        "Many types of animals have strict annual breeding seasons, but that isn't so for dolphins. While they often can reproduce at any time, dolphins in certain geographic locations partake in heightened mating activities during both the spring and autumn seasons.",
1902
        "For dolphins the average gestation period can vary significantly depending on the species from 9 months all the way up to 17 months.",
1903
        "Dolphins give birth to live calves while staying in relatively shallow waters.",
1904
        "With twins being a very rare occurrence, dolphins usually give birth to one calf. As soon as the calf is brought into the world, the mother must quickly take it to the surface for its first breath and will nurse the calf with her own milk for at least 12 months.",
1905
        "Most dolphin calves will stay with their mothers for 3 to 6 years.",
1906
        "For most of the smaller species of dolphins, only a few of the larger sharks, such as the bull shark, dusky shark, tiger shark and great white shark, are a potential risk, especially for calves. Some cases of killer whales eating dolphins have been documented, but is not a common behavior.",
1907
        "Although some dolphin species are considered an endangered species, alarming statistics suggest that more and more dolphins are being killed by illegal dynamite fishing, being caught in fishing nets, collisions with boats and or propellers, marine pollution, disease and beaching due to sonar interference than ever before.",
1908
        "Dolphins are, in fact, not monogamous.",
1909
        "Dolphins have several highly developed forms of communication. They have a \"signature whistle\" which allows other individuals to recognise them.",
1910
        "Dolphins are able to hear a broader range of frequencies than humans. While we can hear sounds from 20 Hz to 20 Khz, dolphins are able to hear from 20 to 150 Khz being up to 7 times more sensitive than human ear.",
1911
        "Some dolphins can jump as high as 9 meters (30 feet) above the water's surface.",
1912
        "Dolphins don't drink sea water. They get the water they need from the fish they eat."
1913
    ],
1914
    "Donkey": [
1915
        "The donkey or ass is a domesticated member of the horse family.",
1916
        "The wild ancestor of the donkey is the African wild ass, E. africanus.",
1917
        "Donkeys originated in the hilly, undulating deserts of northern Africa and the Arabian peninsula and are well-adapted for life in the desert.",
1918
        "By the end of the 4th millennium BC, the donkey had spread to Southwest Asia.",
1919
        "The first donkeys came to the Americas on ships of the Second Voyage of Christopher Columbus, and were landed at Hispaniola in 1495.",
1920
        "Today, there are more than 40 million donkeys in the world.",
1921
        "Of the more than 40 million donkeys in the world, about 96% are in underdeveloped countries, where they are used principally as pack animals or for draught work in transport or agriculture.",
1922
        "After human labour, the donkey is the cheapest form of agricultural power. They may also be ridden, or used for threshing, raising water, milling and other work.",
1923
        "In developed countries where their use as beasts of burden has disappeared, donkeys are used to sire mules, to guard sheep, for donkey rides for children or tourists, and as pets.",
1924
        "Working donkeys in the poorest countries have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years \u2013 in more prosperous countries, they may have a lifespan of 30 to 50 years.",
1925
        "The record for the oldest documented age for a donkey belongs to Suzy, who reached 54 years old in 2002. Suzy was owned by Beth Augusta Menczer (USA) and lived in Glenwood, New Mexico, USA.",
1926
        "Donkeys resemble horses and are characterized by their large head, long ears, and cow-like tail.",
1927
        "Donkeys today come in all colors and coat texture. The most common coat colour is grey, followed by brown and then black, roan and broken coloured donkeys (a combination of brown and white or black and white markings) and the rarest colour is pure white.",
1928
        "Although slower than horses, donkeys are surefooted and can carry heavy loads over rough terrain.",
1929
        "Donkeys have a notorious reputation for stubbornness, but this has been attributed to a much stronger sense of self-preservation than exhibited by horses.",
1930
        "Although formal studies of their behaviour and cognition are rather limited, donkeys appear to be quite intelligent, cautious, friendly, playful, and eager to learn.",
1931
        "The most appropriate feed for donkeys is straw, hay and grass in moderation. Although you may not think it, horse and donkey dietary requirements are very different. Donkeys love to graze all day but will eat everything in sight if they can, so if you're looking after donkeys, it's important to feed them a healthy diet.",
1932
        "On tropical islands where plants evolved in the absence of large mammalian herbivores, feral donkeys pose a real threat of extinction for native plants. Efforts to remove donkeys from habitats where they are not native has generated a great deal of controversy, pitting animal rights groups against biologists and other conservation groups who see donkeys as an alien species and a threat to biodiversity conservation.",
1933
        "At one time, the synonym \"ass\" was the more common term for the donkey.",
1934
        "The first recorded use of word \"donkey\" was in either 1784 or 1785. While the word ass has cognates in most other Indo-European languages, donkey is an etymologically obscure word for which no credible cognate has been identified.",
1935
        "A male donkey is called a jack, a female a jennet or jenny, and a baby a colt.",
1936
        "In the western United States, a donkey is often called a burro.",
1937
        "There are many cultural references to donkeys, in myth, folklore and religion, in language and in literature.",
1938
        "Donkeys are mentioned many times in the Bible, beginning in the first book and continuing through both Old and New Testaments, so they became part of Judeo-Christian tradition.",
1939
        "According to Old Testament prophecy, the Messiah is said to arrive on a donkey: \"Behold, your King is coming to you \u2013 He is just and having salvation, Lowly and riding on a donkey, A colt, the foal of a donkey!\" (Zechariah 9:9).",
1940
        "With the rise of Christianity, some believers came to see the cross-shaped marking present on donkeys' backs and shoulders as a symbol of the animal's bearing Jesus into Jerusalem on Palm Sunday.",
1941
        "During the Middle Ages, Europeans used hairs from this cross (or contact with a donkey) as folk remedies to treat illness, including measles and whooping cough.",
1942
        "Around 1400 AD, one physician listed riding backwards on a donkey as a cure for scorpion stings.",
1943
        "The longest line of donkeys consisted of 65 donkeys that were pulling a cart together in Grossouvre, France, on 16 June 2012.",
1944
        "Largest collection of donkey related items belongs Delores DeJohn (USA). She has 690 donkey-related items that she has collected since 1976."
1945
    ],
1946
    "Duck": [
1947
        "Ducks are birds in the family Anatidae. They are closely related to swans and geese, which are in the same family.",
1948
        "There are approximately 120 different species of ducks.",
1949
        "Ducks are mostly aquatic birds living in both fresh water and sea water and found on every continent except for Antarctica.",
1950
        "Wetlands, such as ponds, streams, lakes and lagoons, and woodland areas, such as swamp forests and stands of mangrove trees, are natural habitats for ducks.",
1951
        "Ducks have been domesticated as pets and farm animals for more than 500 years, and all domestic ducks are descended from either the mallard or the Muscovy duck.",
1952
        "It's a fact that a wild duck can live 20 years or more. The world record is a Mallard Drake that lived to a ripe old age of 27 years. Domestic ducks typically live 10-15 years or less in captivity.",
1953
        "While dimorphic (a difference in coloration between genders) plumages are common for many types of birds, ducks take this to a new art with outrageous, even garish patterns on males with gaudy colors and vibrant patterns. Females are much more subdued with neutral colors and mottled patterns for camouflage from their enemies when they are in their nests.",
1954
        "Ducks have webbed feet which allows them to paddle and swim in the water more smoothly.",
1955
        "Ducks feet has no nerves or blood vessels, meaning that their feet do not feel the cold! This enables ducks to swim in icy water, and walk in ice and snow.",
1956
        "Ducks have three eyelids. The top and bottom as well as a third that is found on the side of the eye. It is clear and acts much like goggles.",
1957
        "All ducks have highly waterproof feathers as a result of an intricate feather structure and a waxy coating that is spread on each feather while preening. A duck's feathers are so waterproof that even when the duck dives underwater, its downy underlayer of feathers will stay completely dry.",
1958
        "Ducks keep their feathers clean by preening. They do this by putting their heads in funny positions and putting their beaks into their body. They preen themselves very often.",
1959
        "Ducks are very social animals who feel most at ease when they're in larger groups of other ducks, who are called paddlings. They spend their days looking for food in the grass or in water, and they sleep together with their paddlings at night.",
1960
        "Ducks are omnivores. They feed on small fish and fish eggs, small crustaceans, frogs, salamanders and other amphibians, snails, worms and mollusks, aquatic and land insects, algae and aquatic plants and roots, grass and weeds, seeds and grain, small berries, fruits and nuts. In addition to these nutritious foods, some ducks will also eat sand, gravel, pebbles and small shells to provide grit that aids their digestion. Grit may also provide trace amounts of critical minerals as part of an overall healthy, varied diet.",
1961
        "Ducks are often classified by the way they feed, either as dabbling ducks or diving ducks. Dabbling ducks feed on the surface of water or on land, or as deep as they can reach by up-ending without completely submerging. Diving ducks forage deep underwater. To be able to submerge more easily, the diving ducks are heavier than dabbling ducks, and therefore have more difficulty taking off to fly.",
1962
        "Some duck species, mainly those breeding in the temperate and Arctic Northern Hemisphere, are migratory; those in the tropics, however, are generally not.",
1963
        "Ducks normally migrate between 60 and 1 thousands meters (200 and 4 thousands feet) in the air, but are capable of reaching far greater heights. A jet plane over Nevada once struck a Mallard at an altitude of 6 thousands meters (21 thousands feet)! This is currently the highest recorded flight of any duck!",
1964
        "Male ducks are called Drakes, females are called Hens, and baby ducks are known as Ducklings.",
1965
        "Ducks usually look for a mate or partner in winter. Male ducks will attract the female ducks with their colorful plumage or feathers. The female ducks will then lead the male ducks to their breeding ground in spring.",
1966
        "The breeding ground will usually be the place where the female duck was hatched. The female duck builds her nest with grass or reeds or even in a hole in a tree.",
1967
        "The male duck will guard their territory by chasing away other couples. Once the female lays 5 \u2013 12 eggs, she will sit on her eggs to keep them warm so that they can hatch into ducklings. The male ducks on the other hand, will be with the other male ducks.",
1968
        "The eggs will hatch within 28 days normally, except for the Muscovy duck which takes about 35 days to hatch. The mother duck will keep her brood of ducklings together to protect them from predators. Ducklings are able to fly within 5-8 weeks. Their feathers develop really fast.",
1969
        "Because of their wide distribution through many types of habitats, ducks have many predators. Some of these include hawks, coyotes, foxes, raccoons and large fish.",
1970
        "Females of most dabbling ducks make the classic \"quack\" sound, but despite widespread misconceptions, most species of duck do not \"quack\". In general, ducks make a wide range of calls, ranging from whistles, cooing, yodels and grunts.",
1971
        "A common urban legend is that a ducks quack does not echo. This has however, been proven to be false.",
1972
        "The Guardian (British newspaper) published an article on Monday 16 March 2015 advising that ducks should not be fed with bread because it damages the health of the ducks and pollutes waterways.",
1973
        "In 2002, psychologist Richard Wiseman and colleagues at the University of Hertfordshire, UK, finished a year-long LaughLab experiment, concluding that of all animals, ducks attract the most humor and silliness.",
1974
        "The two most famous ducks in history are Donald and Daffy Duck."
1975
    ],
1976
    "Dugong": [
1977
        "The dugong is a large, fully aquatic, marine mammal.",
1978
        "Manatees and dugongs are affectionately dubbed \"sea cows\" because of their grass-eating tendencies and slow nature.",
1979
        "Dugongs are found in warm coastal waters from East Africa to Australia, including the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Pacific.",
1980
        "With its long lifespan of 70 years or more, and slow rate of reproduction, the dugong is especially vulnerable to extinction.",
1981
        "Dugongs range in length from about 2.2 to 4 meters (7 to 13 feet) and weigh from 230 to 420 kilograms (500 to 925 pounds).",
1982
        "As with whales and dolphins, the dugong has a tapered body that ends in a deeply notched tail, or fluke. The forelimbs are rounded flippers lacking nails; there are no hind limbs or any discernible neck. The snout is broad and bristled. The thick bristles (vibrissae) function as sensory hairs and are important for detecting, discriminating, and manipulating food.",
1983
        "Unlike other marine mammals, dugongs cannot hold their breath under water for very long. They stay submerged from 30 seconds to over six minutes, depending on their activity, and dives typically last 1-3 minutes.",
1984
        "Although they are social animals, they are usually solitary or found in pairs due to the inability of seagrass beds to support large populations. Gatherings of hundreds of dugongs sometimes happen, but they last only for a short time.",
1985
        "Communication is vital among individuals in this species. The two primary methods of communication this species uses are sound and vision. Much like dolphins, dugongs use chirps, whistles, barks and other sounds that echo underwater in order to communicate.",
1986
        "The dugong is the only strictly herbivorous marine mammal. Dugongs graze on sea grasses and aquatic plants. They need to eat large amounts of their food.",
1987
        "As in most herbivores, the dugong's brain is very small compared to its body size, likely because it does not have to develop complex hunting strategies to capture prey.",
1988
        "Despite the longevity of the dugong, which may live for 70 years or more, females give birth only a few times during their life, and invest considerable parental care in their young. One young is born after a gestation period of 12 to 14 months and will continue to suckle from the mother for about 18 months. They may remain with the female for a number of years. A calf will only leave its mother once it has matured.",
1989
        "Dugongs have very few natural predators. Their massive size, tough skin, dense bone structure, and rapidly clotting blood may aid defenses. Sharks, crocodiles, and killer whales, however, feed on juvenile dugongs.",
1990
        "The dugong has been hunted for thousands of years for its meat and oil. Traditional hunting still has great cultural significance in several countries in its modern range, particularly northern Australia and the Pacific Islands. The dugong's current distribution is fragmented, and many populations are believed to be close to extinction.",
1991
        "The IUCN lists the dugong as a species vulnerable to extinction, while the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species limits or bans the trade of derived products.",
1992
        "Mermaid sightings by sailors, when they weren't made up, were most likely dugongs, manatees, or Steller's sea cows (which became extinct by the 1760s due to over-hunting)."
1993
    ],
1994
    "Eagle": [
1995
        "Eagles are large birds of prey which are members of the bird family Accipitridae and belong to several genera which are not necessarily closely related to each other.",
1996
        "The eagle has always been considered as the king of birds, on account of its great strength, rapidity and elevation of flight, natural ferocity, and the terror it inspires into its fellows of the air.",
1997
        "There are more than 60 different species of eagle.",
1998
        "Most of the species of eagles are from Eurasia and Africa. Outside this area, just 14 species can be found \u2013 2 in North America, 9 in Central and South America, and 3 in Australia.",
1999
        "Eagles have a lifespan between 14 and 35 years in the wild, depending on species.",
2000
        "The smallest species of eagle is the South Nicobar serpent eagle (Spilornis klossi), at 450 grams (0.99 pounds) and 40 centimeters (16 inches).",
2001
        "Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi) [photo below] is considered the largest species of eagles in the world in terms of length and wing surface, with the Steller's sea eagle and the harpy eagle being larger in terms of weight and bulk.",
2002
        "The female of all known species of eagles is larger than the male",
2003
        "Eagles are diurnal, meaning they are most active during the day and sleep at night.",
2004
        "Eagles are generally solitary or found in pairs, however, wintering adults may also be found in groups during times of extreme weather or very abundant food.",
2005
        "Like all birds of prey, eagles have very large hooked beaks for ripping flesh from their prey, strong muscular legs, and powerful talons.",
2006
        "Like all raptors, eagles kill their prey with their talons.",
2007
        "The eagle eye is among the strongest in the animal kingdom, with an eyesight estimated at 4 to 8 times stronger than that of the average human. An eagle is said to be able to spot a rabbit 3.2 kilometers (2 miles) away. Although an eagle may only weigh 4.5 kg (10 pounds), its eyes are roughly the same size as those of a human.",
2008
        "Their eyes don't move much in the eye socket, but an eagle can rotate its head about 270 degrees, just like an owl can, to look around. Eagles also have a clear eyelid that protects their precious eyes from dust and dirt.",
2009
        "Some eagles are built with short wings and long tails enabling them to hunt in the tight confines of a forest, while others have short tails and broad long wings allowing them to soar high above open plains and water.",
2010
        "Some eagles can fly hundreds of kilometers while foraging for their food.",
2011
        "Eagles are carnivores, which means that they feed only on meat. They mostly hunt their prey, though some species actively hunt more than others. Prey includes fish, rabbits, marmots, hares, ground squirrels, mice, and sometimes slow-flying birds, reptiles, martens, foxes, and even deer. Some species of eagles are scavengers, which means that they primarily eat fish and animals that are already dead.",
2012
        "Eagles do not need to eat every day. They have a special digestive organ known as the crop, which stores food until there is room for it in the stomach. This allows them to store a large meal until it is later needed, and prevents the eagle from growing weak if food is scarce for several days or weeks.",
2013
        "Eagles are monogamous. They mate for life and use the same nest each year.",
2014
        "Eagles normally build their nests, called eyries, in tall trees or on high cliffs. Male and female eagles build the nest together. Both eagles will bring sticks to add to the nest structure and arrange them within the nest. The nest building activity is part of their pair bonding.",
2015
        "Eagles are often informally divided into four groups: Sea eagles or fish eagles take fish as a large part of their diets, either fresh or as carrion; Booted eagles so-called because feathers grow down the legs and cover the toes; Snake or serpent eagles are, as the name suggests, adapted to hunting reptiles; Harpy eagles or \"giant forest eagles\" are large eagles that inhabit tropical forests.",
2016
        "Golden eagles can reach maximum air speed of 320 kilometers (200 miles) per hour!",
2017
        "The bald eagle is noted for having flown with the heaviest load verified to be carried by any flying bird, since one eagle flew with a 6.8 kilograms (15 pounds) mule deer fawn.",
2018
        "Golden and crowned eagles have killed ungulates weighing up to 30 kilograms (66 pounds) and a martial eagle even killed a 37 kilograms (82 pounds) duiker, 7\u20138 times heavier than the preying eagle.",
2019
        "Eagles are admired the world over as living symbols of power, freedom, and transcendence.",
2020
        "In some religions, high-soaring eagles are believed to touch the face of God.",
2021
        "The eagle represents spiritual protection, carries prayers, and brings strength, courage, wisdom, illumination of spirit, healing, creation, and a knowledge of magic.",
2022
        "Native Americans historically gave eagle feathers to non-indigenous people and also members of other tribes who were deemed worthy.",
2023
        "The modern word eagle was derived from Latin: aquila by way of French: aigle. The origin of aquila is unknown, but it is believed to possibly derive from either aquilus (meaning dark-colored, swarthy, or blackish) as a reference to the plumage of eagles or from aquilo (meaning north wind)."
2024
    ],
2025
    "Echidna": [
2026
        "Echidnas also known as spiny anteaters is an unusual mammal.",
2027
        "There are four species of Echidna: \u2022 Short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) \u2022 Western long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus bruijni) \u2022 Eastern long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus bartoni) \u2022 Sir David's long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus attenboroughi)",
2028
        "Echidnas evolved between 20 and 50 million years ago, descending from a platypus-like monotreme. This ancestor was aquatic, but echidnas adapted to life on land.",
2029
        "The echidna has remained unchanged since prehistoric times, finding ways to survive while other species became extinct.",
2030
        "The four species of echidna are the only surviving members of the order Monotremata, and are the only living mammals that lay eggs.",
2031
        "Echidnas are found throughout New Guinea and mainland Australia, as well as Tasmania, King Island, Flinders Island and Kangaroo Island. They are Australia's most widespread native mammal, being found in almost all habitats, from snow covered mountains to deserts.",
2032
        "The lifespan of echidnas is about 15 years in the wild. The longest recorded lifespan for a captive echidna is 50 years.",
2033
        "Echidnas are from 35.5 to 76 cm (14 to 30 inches) long and weigh 2.5 to 10 kilograms (5.5 to 22 lbs.).",
2034
        "Echidnas have spines covering their stout bodies. Their spines can grow up to 5 centimeters (2 inches) long.",
2035
        "Echidnas curl up into a spine-covered ball in a rather effective method of defense.",
2036
        "The eyes don't help the echidna see well, but its acute sense of hearing and smell give this unusual mammal the information it needs to know to survive.",
2037
        "The echidna's snout is very sensitive to touch and can feel vibrations.",
2038
        "At 33 \u00b0C (91.4 \u00b0F), the echidna possess the second lowest active body temperature of all mammals, behind the platypus.",
2039
        "Echidnas are largely solitary creatures and only convene to mate. Mating season spans from July to August.",
2040
        "The female lays a single soft-shelled, leathery egg 22 days after mating, and deposits it directly into her pouch. Hatching takes place after 10 days of gestation; the young echidna, called a puggle, born larval and fetus-like, then sucks milk and remains in the pouch for 45 to 55 days,at which time it starts to develop spines. The mother digs a nursery burrow and deposits the young, returning every five days to suckle it until it is weaned at seven months. Puggles will stay within their mother's den for up to a year before leaving.",
2041
        "Other than fires and drought, the main threats to the slow-moving echidna are feral dogs and cats as well as dingoes and foxes.",
2042
        "The echidnas are named after Echidna, a creature from Greek mythology who was half-woman, half-snake, as the animal was perceived to have qualities of both mammals and reptiles.",
2043
        "In spite of echidnas' outward resemblance to hedgehogs, the two animals are not related and belong to separate mammalian orders.",
2044
        "The Sir David's long-beaked echidna is named after British naturalist Sir David Attenborough.",
2045
        "The taxonomic family name for echidnas, Tachyglossidae, means \"fast tongue.\""
2046
    ],
2047
    "Eel": [
2048
        "An eel is a snake-like fish with a slender elongated body and poorly developed fins, proverbial for its slipperiness.",
2049
        "There are over 800 different species of eel.",
2050
        "The term \"eel\" originally referred to the European eel, and the name of the genus means \"European-eel-shaped.\"",
2051
        "Eels can live for 70 years or more \u2013 depending on the specie though most species of eel don't live for more than 30 years.",
2052
        "Eels are elongated fish, ranging in length from 5 centimeters (2 inches) in the one-jawed eel (Monognathus ahlstromi) to 4 meters (13 feet) in the slender giant moray.",
2053
        "Eels range in color from drab gray or black in deep-sea species to colourful and patterned in tropical reef species.",
2054
        "The body covering is usually scaleless. Minor departures from this overall body plan occur in the various eel families and are correlated well with different modes of life.",
2055
        "Most eels live in the shallow waters of the ocean and burrow into sand, mud, or amongst rocks. Some species of eels also live in deeper water on the continental shelves and over the slopes deep as 4 thousands meters (13 thousands feet). There are also freshwater eels living in rivers and lakes.",
2056
        "A majority of eel species are nocturnal, thus are rarely seen. Sometimes, they are seen living together in holes, or \"eel pits\".",
2057
        "Eels swim by generating body waves which travel the length of their bodies. They can swim backwards by reversing the direction of the wave.",
2058
        "Most eels are ambush predators. This means they get their food by waiting for prey to come by and seizing it with an abrupt, snakelike motion.",
2059
        "Eels eat a variety of things. Depending on the eel species, they can eat worms, insects, other fish, frogs, crabs, and even carcasses.",
2060
        "Eels begin life as flat and transparent larvae, called leptocephali. Larvae then change into glass eels \u2013 transparent juvenile eels; then become elvers before finally seeking out their juvenile and adult habitats. Many eels remain in the sea throughout their lives, but freshwater elvers of eels in the family anguillidae travel upstream and are forced to climb up obstructions, such as weirs, dam walls, and natural waterfalls.",
2061
        "Freshwater eels and marine eels are commonly used in Japanese cuisine; foods such as unadon and unaj\u016b are popular, but expensive. Eels are also very popular in Chinese cuisine, and are prepared in many different ways.",
2062
        "The European eel and other freshwater eels are eaten in Europe, the United States, and other places.",
2063
        "The Northern Spanish delicacy angulas consists of elver (young eels) saut\u00e9ed in olive oil with garlic; elvers usually reach prices of up to 1000 euro per kilogram (2.2 pounds).",
2064
        "In northern Germany, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Poland, Denmark, and Sweden, smoked eel is considered a delicacy.",
2065
        "Eel blood is poisonous to humans and other mammals, but both cooking and the digestive process destroy the toxic protein. The toxin derived from eel blood serum was used by Charles Richet in his Nobel winning research which discovered anaphylaxis (by injecting it into dogs and observing the effect).",
2066
        "The electric eel gets its name from its shocking abilities! Special organs in the eel's body release powerful electric charges of up to 650 volts\u2014that's more than five times the power of a standard United States wall socket!",
2067
        "The shock of an electric eel has been known to knock a horse off its feet.",
2068
        "There are many historical legends surrounding eels. For instance, some Philippine tribes consider eels to be the souls of the dead. In parts of Europe there is a legend that rubbing the skin with oil of eel will cause a person to see fairies. The Egyptians were said to worship eels."
2069
    ],
2070
    "Elephant": [
2071
        "Elephant seals are large, oceangoing seals in the genus Mirounga.",
2072
        "They take their name from the large proboscis of the adult male, which resembles an elephant's trunk.",
2073
        "There are two species of elephant seals: \u2022 The northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) \u2022 The southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina)",
2074
        "The northern elephant seal, somewhat smaller than its southern relative, ranges over the Pacific coast of the U.S., Canada and Mexico.",
2075
        "The southern elephant seal is found in the Southern Hemisphere on islands such as South Georgia and Macquarie Island, and on the coasts of New Zealand, South Africa, and Argentina in the Peninsula Vald\u00e9s.",
2076
        "The average lifespan of a Northern Elephant Seal is 9 years, while the average lifespan of a Southern Elephant Seal is 20\u201322 years.",
2077
        "Elephant seals are the largest seals, exceeding the walrus in size.",
2078
        "Southern elephant seal males typically reaching a length of 5 m (16 ft) and a weight of 3 thousands kg (6 thousands lb), and are much larger than the adult females, with some exceptionally large males reaching up to 6 m (20 ft) in length and weighing 4 thousands kg (8 thousands lb); females typically measure about 3 m (10 ft) and 900 kg (2 thousands lb).",
2079
        "Northern elephant seal males reach a length of 4.3 to 4.8 m (14 to 16 ft) and the heaviest weigh about 2 thousands kg (5 thousands lb).",
2080
        "Elephant seal color depends on gender, age, and season. They may be rust, light or dark brown, or gray.",
2081
        "Once a year, elephant seals go through a process called molting where they shed the outer layer of hair and skin. This molting process takes up to a month to fully complete. When it comes time to molt, they will haul out on land to shed their outer layer, and will not consume any food during this time.",
2082
        "Elephant seals are shielded from extreme cold by their blubber, more so than by fur.",
2083
        "Elephant seals are diurnal animals, meaning they are active during the day time.",
2084
        "Elephant seals spend the majority of their time (90%) underwater in search of food, and can cover 95 kilometers (60 miles) a day when they head out to sea.",
2085
        "Elephant seals have a very large volume of blood, allowing them to hold a large amount of oxygen for use when diving.",
2086
        "Elephant seals usually dive up to 1 thousands meters (5 thousands feet) beneath the ocean's surface; the deepest recorded dive of an elephant seal is 2 thousands meters (7 thousands feet) by a southern elephant seal.",
2087
        "Elephant seals breed annually and are seemingly faithful to colonies that have established breeding areas.",
2088
        "The main predator of elephant seals is the great white shark. Orcas are also another predator to elephant seals.",
2089
        "The IUCN lists both species of elephant seal as being of least concern, although they are still threatened by entanglement in marine debris, fishery interactions, and boat collisions."
2090
    ],
2091
    "Elephant Seal": [
2092
        "Elephant seals are large, oceangoing seals in the genus Mirounga.",
2093
        "There are two species of elephant seals: \u2022 The northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) \u2022 The southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina)",
2094
        "The northern elephant seal, somewhat smaller than its southern relative, ranges over the Pacific coast of the U.S., Canada and Mexico.",
2095
        "The southern elephant seal is found in the Southern Hemisphere on islands such as South Georgia and Macquarie Island, and on the coasts of New Zealand, South Africa, and Argentina in the Peninsula Vald\u00e9s.",
2096
        "The average lifespan of a Northern Elephant Seal is 9 years, while the average lifespan of a Southern Elephant Seal is 20\u201322 years.",
2097
        "Elephant seals are the largest seals, exceeding the walrus in size.",
2098
        "Southern elephant seal males typically reaching a length of 5 m (16 ft) and a weight of 3 thousands kg (6 thousands lb), and are much larger than the adult females, with some exceptionally large males reaching up to 6 m (20 ft) in length and weighing 4 thousands kg (8 thousands lb); females typically measure about 3 m (10 ft) and 900 kg (2 thousands lb).",
2099
        "Northern elephant seal males reach a length of 4.3 to 4.8 m (14 to 16 ft) and the heaviest weigh about 2 thousands kg (5 thousands lb).",
2100
        "Elephant seal color depends on gender, age, and season. They may be rust, light or dark brown, or gray.",
2101
        "Once a year, elephant seals go through a process called molting where they shed the outer layer of hair and skin. This molting process takes up to a month to fully complete. When it comes time to molt, they will haul out on land to shed their outer layer, and will not consume any food during this time.",
2102
        "Elephant seals are shielded from extreme cold by their blubber, more so than by fur.",
2103
        "Elephant seals are diurnal animals, meaning they are active during the day time.",
2104
        "Elephant seals spend the majority of their time (90%) underwater in search of food, and can cover 95 kilometers (60 miles) a day when they head out to sea.",
2105
        "Elephant seals have a very large volume of blood, allowing them to hold a large amount of oxygen for use when diving.",
2106
        "Elephant seals usually dive up to 1 thousands meters (5 thousands feet) beneath the ocean's surface; the deepest recorded dive of an elephant seal is 2 thousands meters (7 thousands feet) by a southern elephant seal.",
2107
        "Elephant seals breed annually and are seemingly faithful to colonies that have established breeding areas.",
2108
        "The main predator of elephant seals is the great white shark. Orcas are also another predator to elephant seals.",
2109
        "The IUCN lists both species of elephant seal as being of least concern, although they are still threatened by entanglement in marine debris, fishery interactions, and boat collisions."
2110
    ],
2111
    "Elk": [
2112
        "The elk, or wapiti (Cervus canadensis), is one of the largest species within the deer family called Cervidae.",
2113
        "This animal should not be confused with the still larger moose (Alces alces) to which the name \"elk\" applies in British English and in reference to populations in Eurasia.",
2114
        "Elks are native to North America and eastern Asia; they have adapted well to countries in which they have been introduced, including Argentina and New Zealand.",
2115
        "Elk range in forest and forest-edge habitat.",
2116
        "Elk live 20 years or more in captivity but average 10 to 13 years in the wild.",
2117
        "Elk range in color from dark brown in winter to tan in summer and have a characteristic buff colored rump. The head, neck, belly, and legs are darker than both the back and sides.",
2118
        "Elk cows average 225 to 241 kilograms (496 to 531 pounds), stand 1.3 meters (4.3 feet) at the shoulder, and are 2.1 meters (6.9 feet) from nose to tail.",
2119
        "Elk belong to an order of mammals called artidactyla, which means that they have an even number of toes on each foot. Camels, goats and cattle are also in this family.",
2120
        "Elk are ruminants and therefore have four-chambered stomachs.",
2121
        "Elk are herbivores. They eat a variety of foods depending on the season. Grasses, sedges, flowers and other soft plant foods compose their diet during summer months, while the growth of woody plants such as cedar and red maple make up their diet in winter. They also occasionally eat mushrooms.",
2122
        "Elk consume an average of 9.1 kilograms (20 pounds) of various vegetation daily.",
2123
        "Elk are social animals who live in same-sex herds of 10 to 20 individuals, that are loosely structured, and may come together in much larger groups, particularly as they migrate to higher ground.",
2124
        "As is true for many species of deer, especially those in mountainous regions, elk migrate into areas of higher altitude in the spring, following the retreating snows, and the opposite direction in the fall.",
2125
        "The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem elk herd numbers over 200 thousands individuals and during the spring and fall, they take part in the longest elk migration in the continental U.S.",
2126
        "September and October mark the mating season for the elk.",
2127
        "Wolf and coyote packs and the solitary cougar are the most likely predators, although brown and black bears also prey on elk.",
2128
        "Elk were once found across much of North America but they were killed off and driven to take refuge in more remote locations.",
2129
        "Elks are not endangered, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Red List, because the population is increasing, overall, and it has a wide distribution.",
2130
        "Elk are also called wapiti, a Native American word that means \"light-colored deer.\"",
2131
        "Some cultures revere the elk as a spiritual force.",
2132
        "Elk are hunted as a game species. The meat is leaner and higher in protein than beef or chicken.",
2133
        "Elk are held in captivity, or farmed, for hunting, meat production and velvet collection.",
2134
        "A male elk can produce 10 to 11 kilograms (22 to 24 pounds) of antler velvet annually and on ranches in the United States, Canada and New Zealand, this velvet is collected and sold to markets in East Asia, where it is used in medicine.",
2135
        "The Rocky Mountain elk is the official state animal for Utah."
2136
    ],
2137
    "Emperor Penguin": [
2138
        "The emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is the largest species of penguins.",
2139
        "Emperor penguins spend their entire lives on Antarctic ice and in its waters.",
2140
        "Emperor penguins have special adaptations to survive low temperatures of Antarctica \u2013 they have large stores of insulating body fat and several layers of scale-like feathers that protect them from icy winds. They also huddle close together in large groups to keep themselves, and each other, warm.",
2141
        "At sea, emperor penguins glide through the water with great speed and agility. Their aerodynamic bodies and strong flippers make them excellent swimmers, reaching speeds up to 19 km/h (12 mph).",
2142
        "On land, the emperor penguin alternates between walking with a wobbling gait and tobogganing\u2014sliding over the ice on its belly, propelled by its feet and wing-like flippers.",
2143
        "The emperor penguin's typical diet consists of fish, krill, squid and crustaceans, though the actual composition of their diet varies from population to population. Fish is the most important food source for emperor penguins, with the Antarctic silverfish accounting for most of the penguin's diet.",
2144
        "The emperor penguin's dark plumage fades to brown from November until February (the Antarctic summer), before the yearly moult in January and February. Moulting is rapid in this species compared with other birds, taking only around 34 days.",
2145
        "The emperor penguin's black and white plumage serves as camouflage while swimming. The black plumage on their back is hard to see from above, while the white plumage on their front looks like the sun reflecting off the surface of the water when seen from below.",
2146
        " Emperor penguins primarily communicate vocally, but they also communicate through body language and posturing. They all look virtually identical, which makes individual recognition very difficult. To overcome this, emperor penguins have evolved different sounding voices and the ability to recognize the individual voices of their mates or chicks. This allows the birds to recognize and find their important conspecifics amid the masses, which all look the same.",
2147
        "Emperor penguins breed in the winter. After a courtship of several weeks, a female emperor penguin lays one single egg then leaves! Each penguin egg's father balances it on his feet and covers it with his brood pouch, a very warm layer of feathered skin designed to keep the egg cozy. There the males stand, for about 65 days, through icy temperatures, cruel winds, and blinding storms; during this time they will lose about 40% of their body weight.",
2148
        "Although emperor penguins are effective hunters, they are also prey to a few Antarctic animals as well. Only a third of the juvenile penguins will make it to their first birthday, falling prey to seabirds like giant petrels or skuas. In the water, both juveniles and adults are eaten by leopard seals and killer whales.",
2149
        "In 2012 the emperor penguin was uplisted from a species of least concern to near threatened by the IUCN.",
2150
        "A Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution study in January 2009 found that emperor penguins could be pushed to the brink of extinction by the year 2100 due to global climate change.",
2151
        "The computer-animated movie Happy Feet (2006) features emperor penguins as its primary characters, with one in particular that loves to dance; although a comedy, it too depicts their life cycle and promotes an underlying serious environmental message of threats from global warming and depletion of food sources by overfishing."
2152
    ],
2153
    "Emu": [
2154
        "The emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) belongs to a group of flightless running birds known as ratites, the most primitive of the modern bird families.",
2155
        "The Emu is found only in Australia. It lives throughout most of the continent, ranging from coastal regions to high in the Snowy Mountains. However, they are most common in areas of savannah woodland and sclerophyll forest.",
2156
        "The emu is the second-largest living bird by height, after its ratite relative, the ostrich.",
2157
        "Emus stand from 150 to 190 cm (59 to 75 in) in height. Measured from the bill to the tail, emus range in length from 139 to 164 cm (55 to 65 in). They weigh between 18 and 60 kg (40 and 132 lb).",
2158
        "Emus are soft-feathered flightless birds with long necks and legs.",
2159
        "The neck of the emu is pale blue and shows through its sparse feathers.",
2160
        "A unique feature of the emu feather is the double rachis emerging from a single shaft.",
2161
        "Emus have tiny, useless wings, but their legs are long and powerful. They are the only birds with calf muscles. Their feet have three toes and fewer bones and muscles than those of flying birds.",
2162
        "Emus have three toes on each foot in a tridactyl arrangement, which is an adaptation for running and is seen in other birds, such as bustards and quails. The ostrich has two toes on each foot.",
2163
        "They can travel long distances at a fast trot and can sprint at 48 kilometers (30 miles) per hour for quite a distance. While running, the emu's stride can be almost 2.7 meters (9 feet) long.",
2164
        "Emus are diurnal birds and spend their day foraging, preening their plumage with their beak, dust bathing and resting.",
2165
        "Emus are omnivores. They eat seeds, fruit, bark, nuts and stems. They also eat insects, small reptiles, amphibians and other small animals that they can handle.",
2166
        "Usually solitary, emus can form enormous migratory flocks when moving toward better food resources. Flocks often travel long distances for food and water.",
2167
        "Although Emus are not very social, they have a curious and docile nature.",
2168
        "Emus have good eyesight and hearing, which allows them to detect threats at some distance.",
2169
        "The emu has a pouch in its throat that is part of the bird's windpipe and is used for communication. When the pouch is inflated, the emu can make deep booming, drumming, and grunting sounds. These calls are usually made during courtship and the breeding season, heard up to 2 kilometers (21.2 miles) away! A hiss, described by one of our animal trainers as bloodcurdling, is effective at warning off dingoes.",
2170
        "Emus form breeding pairs during the summer months of December and January, and may remain together for about five months.",
2171
        "The emu is able to store fat very efficiently. This allows it to go for a very long time without food and permits the male to incubate the eggs over a 48 to 56 day incubation period. During that time, he neither eats nor drinks and loses up to one-third of his body weight.",
2172
        "Newly hatched chicks are cream-colored with dark brown stripes. They are cared for by the male for a further four to six months. Emus are full-grown at 12 to 14 months but don't reach sexual maturity until about 2 years of age.",
2173
        "Predators of emus include dingos and wedge-tailed eagles.",
2174
        "To protect themselves from predators, the Emu's main defence is a swift kick or two using their powerful legs.",
2175
        "An emu's body contains 13.5 liters (3 gallons) of oil. Emu oil is used in lotions, soaps, shampoo, and health care products.",
2176
        "The emu is popularly but unofficially considered as a faunal emblem \u2013 the national bird of Australia.",
2177
        "The Australian coat of arms has the image of an emu and a kangaroo, both animals that cannot back up.",
2178
        "More than 600 places in Australia are named after the emu in their title, including mountains, lakes, hills, plains, creeks and waterholes.",
2179
        "The emu has a prominent place in Australian Aboriginal mythology, including a creation myth of the Yuwaalaraay and other groups in New South Wales who say that the sun was made by throwing an emu's egg into the sky; the bird features in numerous aetiological stories told across a number of Aboriginal groups."
2180
    ],
2181
    "Falcon": [
2182
        "Falcons are birds of prey in the genus Falco.",
2183
        "There are about 40 species of falcons worldwide.",
2184
        "Falcons live in nearly all types of habitats including: Arctic tundra, wetlands, prairies, savannah, deserts, coastal areas, mountains, forests, rainforests and even urban areas.",
2185
        "The gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) is the largest falcon species. It is up to 61 centimeters (24 inches) long withwingspan up to 130 centimeters (51 inches) and weight up to 1 thousands grams (47.6 ounces).",
2186
        "The Seychelles kestrel (Falco araea) is the smallest falcon species. It is 18\u201323 centimeters 7-9 inches long with a wingspan of 40\u201345 centimeters (16-18 inches) and weight 73-87 grams (2.5-3 unces).",
2187
        "Most species of falcon are dark brown or grey-colored with white, yellow and black spots and markings on the body.",
2188
        "Falcons are diurnal birds of prey and hunt during daylight hours.",
2189
        "Falcons have excellent eyesight which they use to locate their prey. They can see up to 8 times more clearly than the sharpest human eye.",
2190
        "Falcons are strong, fast fliers with great aerial agility, which makes them successful hunters capable of taking prey 6 times their own body weight! Usually they kill cleanly, breaking the back of their victims.",
2191
        "Falcons kill with their beaks, using a \"tooth\" on the side of their beaks \u2014 unlike the hawks, eagles, and other birds of prey in the Accipitridae, which use their feet.",
2192
        "Falcons are carnivores, feeding on rodents, frogs, fish, small reptiles, bats and birds.",
2193
        "Hours after eating, a falcon will regurgitate a pellet, containing any feathers, fur or small bones swallowed accidentally.",
2194
        "Falcons are generally solitary birds and only really come together to mate. Although falcons are known to stay in the same place, many species of falcon are migratory birds and have been known to travel more than 24 thousands kilometers (15 thousands miles) per year.",
2195
        "Falcons mate for life and breed in the same territory each year. Every year falcons re-establishing their bond through a complex set of ritualistic courtship behaviors. The male makes bold aerobatic flights that might include loops, tight turns, and swooping dives.",
2196
        "Female falcons lay 2 to 5 eggs, the color ranging in various species from white to reddish, mottled brown. They are incubated for about 30 days, mainly by the female.",
2197
        "The falcon is a bird of prey that, typically sitting close to the top of the food chain, has few predators. Falcons may be killed by other large birds of prey, such as eagles and owls. The eggs and chicks are vulnerable to mammals that may climb into the nest if it is too low to the ground.",
2198
        "Some species of falcon are classified as vulnerable or endangered.",
2199
        "The technique of hunting with trained captive birds of prey is known as falconry. Falcons are used in falconry for at least 3 thousands years.",
2200
        "The peregrine falcon is renowned for its speed, reaching over 320 km/h (200 mph) during its characteristic hunting stoop (high speed dive), making it the fastest member of the animal kingdom. According to a National Geographic TV programme, the highest measured speed of a peregrine falcon is 389 km/h (242 mph).",
2201
        "Falcons can process four types of light while humans can only process three. This means that the falcon has a very good night vision and can also see ultraviolet rays.",
2202
        "Within the falcon species, the female is generally larger than the male.",
2203
        "Some small falcons with long, narrow wings are called \"hobbies\", and some which hover while hunting are called \"kestrels\".",
2204
        "Falcons are related to hawks and eagles."
2205
    ],
2206
    "Fennec Fox": [
2207
        "The fennec fox or fennec (Vulpes zerda) is a mammal of the order Carnivora.",
2208
        "The lifespan of fennec fox is up to 10 years in the wild and up to 14 years in captivity.",
2209
        "The fennec fox is the smallest species of fox and the smallest species of canid in the world. They are smaller than an average house cat.",
2210
        "The fennec fox is easily recognised by its massive ears and its large, black eyes and small muzzle.",
2211
        "The fur of the fennec fox is long, soft and sandy colored, providing excellent camouflage in their desert habitat. They have fur on their feet that protects their footpads from the scorching ground.",
2212
        "The fennec fox are highly social animals, living together in family groups which may contain up to 10 individuals. These kin-based clans usually include at least one breeding pair, a litter of immature pups, and perhaps a few of the pups' older siblings.",
2213
        "The fennec fox is nocturnal, meaning it rests during the day and is awake during the night.",
2214
        "The fennec fox is an omnivore. They feasting on a variety of prey as nighttime hunters. Food sources include rodents, insects, birds, eggs, and rabbits.",
2215
        "The fennec fox perceives its environment primarily through highly developed senses of hearing and smell. Its hearing is sensitive enough to hear prey moving underground.",
2216
        "While their legs may not be long, fennec foxes can run 32 kilometers (20 miles) per hour.",
2217
        "Fennec foxes mate for life.",
2218
        "The fennec fox is one of the only carnivores that seems to do well in the Sahara desert because of its ability to survive with very little water.",
2219
        "The fennec fox is currently listed as a species of least concern, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species.",
2220
        "The fennec fox is the national animal of Algeria. It also serves as the nickname for the Algeria national football team: \"Les Fennecs\".",
2221
        "A fennec fox named Finnick was depicted in Disney's Zootopia. As a result of the popularity of the movie, the Los Angeles Times reported that Chinese children are begging their parents to procure the animals as pets."
2222
    ],
2223
    "Ferret": [
2224
        "Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) are domestic animals.",
2225
        "Ferrets are in the weasel genus of the family Mustelidae.",
2226
        "The name \"ferret\" is derived from the Latin furittus, meaning \"little thief\", a likely reference to the common ferret penchant for secreting away small items.",
2227
        "The history of the ferret's domestication is uncertain, like that of most other domestic animals, but it is likely that ferrets have been domesticated for at least 2 thousands years.",
2228
        "The native habitat of domestic ferrets were forested and semi-forested habitats near water sources.",
2229
        "Currently domestic ferrets are found around the world in homes as pets.",
2230
        "In Europe, people sometimes use ferrets for hunting, which is known as ferreting. Because of their thin body, they can go down into holes and hunt rodents and rabbits.",
2231
        "The lifespan of ferrets is from 7 to 10 years.",
2232
        "Ferrets have an average length of 51 cm (20 in) including a 13 cm (5.1 in) tail, weigh from 0.7 to 2 kg (1.5 to 4 lb).",
2233
        "With their long thin body, ferrets look like a large weasel.",
2234
        "Ferrets may have different colors and markings on their fur. The seven common fur colors are called: sable, silver, black sable, albino, dark-eyed white, cinnamon, and chocolate. The most common of these colors is sable. Examples of pattern types are: Siamese or pointed patterned, panda, Shetlands, badgers, and blazes.",
2235
        "Unlike their polecat ancestors, which are solitary animals, most ferrets will live happily in social groups. A group of ferrets is commonly referred to as a \"business.\"",
2236
        "In captivity ferrets become tame and playful and remain inquisitive. They will often sleep 14-18 hours per day.",
2237
        "Ferret are naturally crepuscular, having activity periods during dawn and dusk. They will often change this activity period depending on when their owner is around to give them attention.",
2238
        "Ferrets should be kept in a group, unless you can provide them with multiple hours of activity, they get quite bored when alone. Ferrets tend to sleep curled up together in a ball usually making them undistinguishable from one another.",
2239
        "Every ferret is unique and has its own personality. Some are independent and some are very cuddly, but each is an individual!",
2240
        "Like dogs, ferrets have long canine teeth. Like cats, ferrets can be litterbox trained.",
2241
        "Ferrets, like cats, are pure carnivores that need a high quantity of protein and fat in their diet.",
2242
        "Ferrets cannot digest carbohydrates, so make sure the kitten food contains no corn or grain, and meat is the first ingredient.",
2243
        "Ferrets don't need a huge cage, though the bigger the better.",
2244
        "Some owners are amazed at how adept ferrets become at solving problems. Ferrets are very determined and will work at figuring something out with surprising persistence. They enjoy challenging puzzles and games and it's recommended to provide them with puzzle-based toys or games.",
2245
        "Ferrets usually interact with cats and dogs in a friendly manner.",
2246
        "Domestic ferrets don't have any natural predators since they are domesticated. Predators such as hawks, owls, or larger carnivorous mammals would hunt them given the opportunity."
2247
    ],
2248
    "Fish": [
2249
        "Fish are vertebrates (vertebrates have backbones) that live in water.",
2250
        "The combination of gills, fins and the fact that they live only in the water make fish different from all other animals.",
2251
        "Fish live in almost every available body of water, including rivers, lakes, oceans and streams. The species of fish determines whether it lives in saltwater or freshwater.",
2252
        "Fish are so abundant in the world's oceans, lakes and rivers that new species are constantly being discovered.",
2253
        "There are over 30 thousands known species of fish.",
2254
        "Fish come in many shapes and sizes.",
2255
        "The world's largest fish is the whale shark, which can grow to 12 meters (40 feet) long and weigh an average of 19 thousands kilograms (42 thousands pounds).",
2256
        "The world's smallest fish is Paedocypris progenetica, and was only recently discovered in the last decade. Scientists discovered it living in the forest swamps on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. Mature females measure just 7.9 millimeters (0.31 inch).",
2257
        "Greenland Sharks are fish species with the longest known lifespan. An examination of 28 specimens in one study published in 2016 determined by radiocarbon dating that the oldest of the animals that they sampled had lived for about 392 \u00b1 120 years (a minimum of 272 years and a maximum of 512 years).",
2258
        "Koi, a Japanese species of fish, allegedly living up to 200 years, though generally not exceeding 50 \u2013 A specimen named Hanako was reportedly 226 years old upon her death.",
2259
        "A tiny coral reef-dwelling fish called the pygmy goby (Eviota sigillata) is the shortest-lived fish. The pygmy goby lives an average of 59 days, pipping the previous record holder, an African fish which lives for just over two-and-a-half months.",
2260
        "Fish live at various water depths with some fish preferring deep water and others staying close to the surface.",
2261
        "World's deepest fish \u2013 believed to be a snailfish \u2013 found in the western Pacific Ocean at a depth of 8 thousands meters (26 thousands feet).",
2262
        "The black marlin [photo below] is the fastest fish in the world \u2013 able to swim at a speed of 129 km/h (80 mph), followed by the sailfish at 110 km/h (68 mph).",
2263
        "Fish diets vary by species. There are some carnivorous (meat eating) fish, some herbivorous (plant eating), and many omnivorous (both meat and plant eating) fish.",
2264
        "Freshwater fish do not actively drink water, but absorb the water through their skin and gills. On the other hand, saltwater fish do actively drink sea water. Their gills process the water and take out the salt.",
2265
        "Fish are cold-blooded with the exception of Tuna family, the Mackerel shark family and the opah or moonfish.",
2266
        "Fish can drown in water if there is not enough oxygen in the water. Fish require a consistent intake of oxygen to survive. Their gills absorb oxygen from water molecules as water passes through the gill membranes.",
2267
        "In most fish respiration takes place through gills. Lungfish, however, possess one or two lungs. The labyrinth fish have developed a special organ that allows them to take advantage of the oxygen of the air, but is not a true lung.",
2268
        "Not all fish have scales. While scales are a characteristic of most fish, some fish, such as clingfish, lampreys and catfish, do not have scales.",
2269
        "Fish have sleep-like periods where they have lowered response to stimuli, slowed physical activity, and reduced metabolism but they do not share the same changes in brain waves as humans do when they sleep.",
2270
        "Some fish species can make audible sounds like clicks or croaks but most fish communicate with body language. Certain species will flare out their gill plates the same way a cat would raise the hair on their back.",
2271
        "Fish can form schools containing millions of fish. They use their eyes and something called a lateral line to hold their places in the school. The lateral line is a row of pores running along the fish's sides from head to tail. Special hairs in the pores sense changes in water pressure from the movements of other fish or predators.",
2272
        "The fish in the middle of a school control the school. The fish on the outside are guided by those in the middle.",
2273
        "The primary means of fish reproduction are egg laying and live bearing. Egg-laying fish release eggs that are later fertilized. Live-bearing fish internally fertilize the female, who carries the offspring within until they develop and are birthed.",
2274
        "Some fish species are known to change sex during the course of their lives.",
2275
        "Some Fish, like the Triggerfish, can swim backward.",
2276
        "Seahorses are the only fish that regularly swim upright.",
2277
        "On average, flying fish can glide 50 meters (160 feet), but have been known to glide as far as 400 meters (1 thousands feet). And they can reach heights up to 6 meters (20 feet).",
2278
        "Many types of aquatic animals commonly referred to as \"fish\" are not fish; examples include shellfish, cuttlefish, starfish, crayfish and jellyfish.",
2279
        "Fish do not have eyelids, with the exception of the shark.",
2280
        "Puffer fish are thought to be the world's deadliest fish. Their poison is contained in their flesh and one puffer fish carries enough toxin to kill 30 people. Despite this, the meat of some species is considered a delicacy in Japan.",
2281
        "A robotic fish was accepted by other fish and became their leader during an experiment by New York University.",
2282
        "In three decades, the world's oceans will contain more discarded plastic than fish when measured by weight, researchers say.",
2283
        "Fossil evidence suggests that fish have been on Earth for about 530 million years.",
2284
        "Fish feature prominently in art and literature, in movies such as Finding Nemo and books such as The Old Man and the Sea.",
2285
        "The fish is used often as a symbol by Christians to represent Jesus, or Christianity in general; the gospels also refer to \"fishers of men\" and feeding the multitude.",
2286
        "In the dhamma of Buddhism the fish symbolize happiness as they have complete freedom of movement in the water. Often drawn in the form of carp which are regarded in the Orient as sacred on account of their elegant beauty, size and life-span."
2287
    ],
2288
    "Fishing Cat": [
2289
        "The fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrinus) is a medium-sized wild cat.",
2290
        "Fishing cats are found South and Southeast Asia.",
2291
        "Fishing cats live primarily in wetland areas, both marshes and swamps. These cats can be found in heavily forested regions adjacent to rivers or near jungles. They can also be found in scrub areas, reed beds, and tidal creek areas.",
2292
        "Fishing cats have been reported in Himalayan forests at an elevation of 1 thousands meters (5000 feet), they have also been found at elevations as high as 2 thousands meters (7 thousands feet).",
2293
        "The lifespan of the fishing cat is about 10 to 12 years in the wild and more than 15 years in captivity.",
2294
        "The coat of the fishing cat is pale gray to deep brownish gray and marked with dark spots and streaks. Six to eight black lines run from the cat's forehead to its neck, breaking up into shorter bars and spots on its shoulders. The underside fur is longer and often overlaid with spots.",
2295
        "The fishing cat is thought to be primarily nocturnal.",
2296
        "Fishing cats are good swimmers and have been observed diving for fish, as well as scooping them out of the water with their paws.",
2297
        "A fishing cat is generally a solitary animal and maintains a territory.",
2298
        "Fishing cats most likely mate during January and February. The gestation period lasts 63\u201370 days after which females give birth to two or three kittens. They begin to play in water and to take solid food when about two months old, but are not fully weaned until six months old. They reach full adult size when about eight and a half months old, acquire their adult canine teeth by 11 months, and are sexually mature when approximately 15 months old.",
2299
        "If you think fishing cats look cute and cuddly, think again \u2014 these cats can be very aggressive.",
2300
        "The fishing cat is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.",
2301
        "The major threat to fishing cats is the destruction of their habitat, primarily wetlands.",
2302
        "The fishing cat is also a victim of poaching. They are often hunted for food or medicine.",
2303
        "Fishing cat captive breeding programmes have been established by the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria and the American Association of Zoos and Aquariums."
2304
    ],
2305
    "Flamingo": [
2306
        "Flamingos are a type of wading bird that live in areas of large shallow lakes, lagoons, mangrove swamps, tidal flats, and sandy islands.",
2307
        "Flamingos are famous for their bright pink feathers, stilt-like legs, and S-shaped neck.",
2308
        "Flamingos tend to live a long life in the wild though with an average of 20 to 30 years. In captivity some of them have lived up to 40 years.",
2309
        "There are 6 species of flamingo: greater flamingo, lesser flamingo, Chilean flamingo, Andean flamingo, James' (or puna) flamingo and American (or Caribbean) flamingo.",
2310
        "The most widespread flamingo is the greater flamingo found in areas of Africa, Southern Europe and South, Southwest Asia. The lesser flamingo is the most numerous and lives in the Great Rift Valley of Africa through to Northwest India.",
2311
        "The 4 species in the New World include the Chilean flamingo, found in temperate South American areas, the Andean Flamingo and James's flamingo found in the high Andes mountains in Peru, Chile, Bolivia and Argentina and the American flamingo is found in the West Indies, Yucatan, and along the Galapagos Islands.",
2312
        "Male flamingos are slightly larger than females, weighing more and having longer wingspans; however, visual sex determination of flamingos is unreliable.",
2313
        "The wingspan of flamingos ranges from 1 to 1.6 meters (3.3 to 5 feet).",
2314
        "The largest species is the greater flamingo averaging 120 to 145 centimeters (3.9 to 4.7 feet) tall and weight from 2.1 to 4.1 kilograms (4.6 to 9 pounds)",
2315
        "The smallest species is the lesser flamingo averaging 80 to 90 centimeters (2.6 to 2.9 feet) tall and Weight from 1.5 to 2 kilograms (3.3 to 4.4 pounds)",
2316
        "Flamingos are social birds that live in groups of varying sizes, from a few pairs to sometimes thousands or tens of thousands.",
2317
        "In East Africa, more than 1.5 million flamingos have been known to gather together \u2013 forming the largest flock known.",
2318
        "Flamingos communicate with a broad range of visual displays.They also use vocalizations and these displays to communicate between individuals or alert the group of possible danger.",
2319
        "To take off, a flamingo runs several steps, begins flapping its wings, and lifts off into the air. When landing the procedure is reversed: the bird touches down and then runs several paces.",
2320
        "A flamingo flies with its head and neck stretched out in front and its legs trailing behind. Flight speed of a flock of flamingos can reach 50 to 60 kilometer per hour (31 to 37 miles per hour). Flamingos have been known to fly 500 to 600 kilometers (311-373 miiles) each night between habitats.",
2321
        "The majority of lakes where flamingos live have extremely high salt concentrations. The only source of fresh water for some of these birds comes from boiling geysers. Flamingos are capable of drinking water at temperatures that approach the boiling point.",
2322
        "Flamingos eat larva, small insects, blue-green and red algae, mollusks, crustaceans and small fish.",
2323
        "A flamingo's pink or reddish feather, leg, and facial coloration come from a diet high in alpha and beta carotenoid pigments, including canthaxanthin. The richest sources of carotenoids are found in the algae and various invertebrates that make up the bulk of a flamingo's diet.",
2324
        "Scientists aren't sure why do flamingos stand on one leg.There is less heat lost through the leg if it is tucked next to the bird's body; however, this behavior is also seen in hot climates. Another explanation is more mundane: it's probably a comfortable position for standing.",
2325
        "Pair bonding is very strong, and flamingos may be monogamous. However, flamingos have been observed to mate with more than one partner.",
2326
        "Although flamingos only nest once a year, flamingo colonies are known to breed at any time of the year.",
2327
        "A flamingo nest is not fancy, just a mound of mud, maybe 30 to 60 centimeters (12 to 24 inches) high.",
2328
        "When young flamingos are hatched they have white plummage.",
2329
        "After hatching, the chick stays on the nest mound for 5 to 12 days. During this time, the chick is fed a type of \"milk\" called crop milk that comes from the parents' upper digestive tract. Both males and females can feed the chick this way, and even flamingos that are not the parents can act as foster-feeders.",
2330
        "Flamingos have relatively few predators in the wild but this is dependent on the area in which the flamingo inhabits. Human hunters, wild dogs and crocodiles are the main predators of the flamingo, along with eagles that prey upon the flamingo eggs and vulnerable flamingo chicks.",
2331
        "The word \"flamingo\" comes from the Spanish word \"flamenco\" which came from the earlier Latin word \"flamma\" meaning flame or fire."
2332
    ],
2333
    "Fly": [
2334
        "Flying foxes also known as fruit bats are a genus of bats which are among the largest in the world.",
2335
        "There are 62 species of flying foxes.",
2336
        "Flying foxes typically occur in primary or maturing secondary forests. A few species inhabit savannah habitats where they roost in bushes and low trees.",
2337
        "The lifespan of flying foxes is about 15 years in the wild and up to 30 years in captivity.",
2338
        "Flying foxes species vary in body weight, ranging from 120 to 1 thousands grams (0.26 to 3.53 lb). Across all species, males are usually larger than females.",
2339
        "The large flying fox has the longest forearm length and reported wingspan of any species, but some species exceed it in weight. Its wingspan is up to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in), and it can weigh up to 1.1 kg (2.4 lb).",
2340
        "Color varies among the flying foxes; some are red or yellow, some striped or spotted.",
2341
        "Flying foxes eat fruit and other plant matter, and occasionally consume insects as well. Flying foxes consume 25-35% of their body weight daily.",
2342
        "Crops eaten by flying foxes include sisal, cashew, pineapple, areca, breadfruit, jackfruit, neem, papaya, citrus, fig, mango, banana, avocado, guava, sugar cane, tamarind, grapes, eucalypt blossoms and more.",
2343
        "When they land on a tree with food, they will hang onto the branch with their clawed hind feet and use their clawed thumbs to pull branches bearing flowers or fruits towards them. As they forage on fruit, flying foxes will compress the fruit against the palate with the tongue to squeeze out and consume the juices.",
2344
        "Flying foxes can travel at 6 m/s (21 km/h or 13 mph) for three hours or more, and can reach top speeds of 8.6 m/s (30 km/h or 19 mph).",
2345
        "Flying foxes use sight rather than echolocation to navigate. They locate resources with their keen sense of smell.",
2346
        "Most flying fox species are gregarious and form large aggregations of individuals called colonies or \"camps.\" The large flying fox forms colonies of up to 15 thousands individuals, while the little red flying fox forms colonies of up to 100 thousands individuals.",
2347
        "Many species of flying fox are polygynandrous, meaning that each individual will mate with several other individuals. Flying fox gestation length varies among species from 140 to 190 days. Females have a litter size of one young at a time, called a pup. Twins have been occasionally documented in some species, however.",
2348
        "Many flying foxes species are killed for bushmeat. The bushmeat harvest is often unsustainable, often resulting in severe population decline or local extinction.",
2349
        "Flying foxes are also killed for use in traditional medicine.",
2350
        "Six flying fox species have been made extinct in modern times by overhunting.",
2351
        "Of the 62 flying fox species evaluated by the IUCN 3 are considered critically endangered\u2014 the Aru flying fox, Livingstone's fruit bat, and the Vanikoro flying fox.",
2352
        "Flying foxes are featured in indigenous cultures and traditions.",
2353
        "A folklore Dreamtime story from the New South Wales North Coast in Australia features an impatient flying fox wanting the Great Spirit to teach him how to be a bird, only to be hung upside down on a branch. They were also featured in aboriginal cave art, as evinced by several surviving examples.",
2354
        "In Tonga, flying foxes are considered sacred. All flying foxes are the property of the king, meaning non-royal persons cannot harm them in any way.",
2355
        "Flying foxes and other bat species in Southeast Asia are often killed and sold as \"mummies\". The mummified bodies or skeletons of these bats are often shipped to the United States where they are sold in souvenir or curiosity shops or online through vendors such as Etsy or eBay."
2356
    ],
2357
    "Flying Squirrel": [
2358
        "Flying squirrels are fascinating creatures.",
2359
        "There are 44 species of flying squirrels.",
2360
        "The lifespan of a flying squirrel is about 6 years in the wild and up to 15 years in captivity.",
2361
        "Some giant flying squirrels of tropical India and southeastern Asia weigh 1 to 2.5 kilograms (2.2 to 5.5 pounds) and have a body length of about 30 to 60 centimeters (12 to 24 inches) and a tail 35 to 64 centimeters long.",
2362
        "The smallest are the dwarf flying squirrels (Petaurillus) of northern Borneo and the Malay Peninsula; their bodies are just 7 to 9 cm long and their tails 6 to 10 cm. When seen in the tall trees of the tropical rainforest, the glides of these tiny rodents are easily mistaken for the flutter of large butterflies.",
2363
        "Generally, flying squirrels have predominantly gray and brown coats, with generally white underparts, though they vary from species to species.",
2364
        "Flying squirrels can glide up to 90 meters (300 feet), steering with their tail, and landing on tree trunks, gripping it with all four feet.",
2365
        "Unlike other squirrels, flying squirrels are nocturnal. They can easily forage for food in the night, given their highly developed sense of smell.",
2366
        "Flying squirrels are omnivores. They eat mostly plants, like seeds, nuts, leaves, maple sap, bulbs, bark, flowers, and roots. Less often, they eat insects, eggs, worms, small birds, and other small animals.",
2367
        "The mating season for flying squirrels is during February and March. The young are born in a nest and are at first naked and helpless. They are cared for by their mother and by five weeks are able to practice gliding skills so that by ten weeks they are ready to leave the nest.",
2368
        "Predators of flying squirrels include tree snakes, raccoons, owls, martens, fishers, coyotes, bobcats, and cats.",
2369
        "Flying squirrels are not dangerous and pose no health hazard. They're not aggressive but they do have sharp teeth.",
2370
        "Some captive-bred southern flying squirrels have become domesticated as small household pets, a type of \"pocket pet.\"",
2371
        "In 2019 it was observed, by chance, that a flying squirrel fluoresced pink. Subsequent research by Paula Spaeth Anich, a biologist at Northland College in Northern Wisconsin, found that this is true for all three species of North American flying squirrels. At this time it is unknown what purpose this serves. Non-flying squirrels do not fluoresce under UV light.",
2372
        "Before the 21st century, the evolutionary history of the flying squirrel was often debated. This debate was clarified by two recent molecular studies. These studies found that the living flying squirrels originated 18\u201320 million years ago, are monophyletic, and have a sister relationship with tree squirrels."
2373
    ],
2374
    "Fossa": [
2375
        "Fossas are the largest carnivores in Madagascar.",
2376
        "Little is known about fossas, mostly because there aren't many of them, and they live in remote, forested areas.",
2377
        "The fossa is an intelligent, agile animal that moves with ease high up in the trees of its forest home.",
2378
        "That very-long tail helps the fossa balance and jump from branch to branch.",
2379
        "The elusive fossa is a solitary animal and spends its time both in the trees and on the ground.",
2380
        "Until recently, it was believed that fossas were nocturnal because they were so hard to find in the wild. Recent studies show that fossas nap and hunt day or night, depending on mood or circumstance.",
2381
        "A fossa can travel up to 25 kilometers (15.5 miles) in a day.",
2382
        "Lemurs are its main food source for fossa but they also eat: fish, lizards, birds, mice, and wild pigs.",
2383
        "The fossa is an ambush hunter; it uses its forelimbs and claws to catch its prey, killing it quickly with abite from its sharp teeth.",
2384
        "Fossas use scent to communicate and keep track of each other, scent marking trees, rocks, or even just the ground with scent glands on the chest and under the base of the tail.",
2385
        "They also make several kinds of sounds. Fossas mainly vocalize during the breeding season. Females mew to attract males, males howl and yowl when competing for a female. A fossa may roar to intimidate a fellow fossa or in defense.",
2386
        "Fossas are ready to start their first family when they are about 4 years old.",
2387
        "Fossas only come together to mate during the breeding season in September and October.",
2388
        "After a gestation period that lasts for around 3 months, the female Fossa gives birth to 2 \u2013 6 cubs that are very underdeveloped at birth and do not open their eyes until they are between 2 and 3 weeks old.",
2389
        "Fossa pups make a purring sound when nursing or near their mother.They also make a high-pitched noise called mewling to get the mother's attention.",
2390
        "Young Fossas take almost 2 years to grow to their adult size.",
2391
        "The fossa is closely related to the mongoose.",
2392
        "Until recently, scientists had mistaken the cat-like fossa for a primitive kind of cat.",
2393
        "There is no exact estimate of how many fossa live in the wild but experts believe there are less than 2 thousands animals left. Research indicates that the population is continuing to decline.",
2394
        "Presently, fossas are endangered creatures due to habitat loss. Less than ten percent of Madagascar's original, intact forest cover, the fossa's only home, remains today.",
2395
        "In recent years fossils of the now extinct Giant Fossa has been uncovered in the jungles of Madagascar, with the biggest Giant Fossa fossil measured nearly 6 meters (19.6 feet) in length."
2396
    ],
2397
    "Fox": [
2398
        "Foxes are small-to-medium-sized, omnivorous mammals belonging to several genera of the family Canidae.",
2399
        "Foxes are generally smaller than other members of the family Canidae such as wolves, jackals, and domestic dogs. For example, in the largest species, the red fox, males weigh on average between 4.1 and 8.7 kg (9.0 and 19.2 lb), while the smallest species, the fennec fox, weighs just 0.7 to 1.6 kg (1.5 to 3.5 lb).",
2400
        "There are around 12 different species of fox found around the world, which include the urban fox or red fox, the beautifully white Arctic fox, the sand fox which is a light-coloured fox found in desert regions and the tiny yet big eared fennec fox.",
2401
        "Wild foxes tend live for around 3-6 years, but some foxes have been known to be older than 13 in captivity.",
2402
        "Foxes are found on every continent except Antarctica.",
2403
        "Foxes usually live in forested areas, but they can be found in mountains, grasslands and deserts. They also thrive in cities, towns, and rural settings.",
2404
        "Fox are also fairly transient animals and frequently move from place to place.",
2405
        "Foxes are omnivores animals and this means that they eat meat and vegetation.They eat small mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs, eggs, insects, worms, fish, crabs, mollusks, fruits, berries, vegetables, seeds, fungi and carrion. In winter they mainly eat mammals, such as mice, rabbits and other small animals.",
2406
        "Foxes are primarily nocturnal animals that means they like to hunt at night .This means that they sleep during the day. This can change, though, depending on where the fox live.",
2407
        "Foxes are great night-time predators because their eyes are specially adapted to night vision.",
2408
        "Foxes are also very fast. They can run up to 65 kph (40 mph).",
2409
        "A fox's den is normally a burrow underground, also known as an 'earth', but they can also live above ground in a cousy hollow. That provide a cool area to sleep, a good location to store food and a safe place to have their pups. Burrows are dug-out tunnels that have rooms for the fox and its family to live in. The burrows also have several exits so that they can flee if a predator enters the burrow.",
2410
        "When raising their young, they live in small families\u2014called a \"leash of foxes\" or a \"skulk of foxes\"\u2014in underground burrows. Otherwise, they hunt and sleep alone.",
2411
        "Male foxes are known as dogs, tods or reynards, and females are called vixens.",
2412
        "The red fox has the widest geographical range of any animal in the order Carnivora.It's range is the entire Northern Hemisphere, from the Arctic Circle to North Africa to Central America to the Asiatic steppes. It's also in Australia, where it's considered an invasive species.",
2413
        "Arctic foxes and fennec foxes are listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources list of threatened species.",
2414
        "Many animals use the magnetic field to sense direction birds, sharks, and turtles but foxes seem to use the Earth's magnetic field to track down their prey, apparently the only animal to use the field to judge distance as well as direction. A pair of researchers in the U.S. and Germany believe foxes have an innate augmented reality system allowing them to accomplish this.",
2415
        "Foxes have excellent hearing. They can hear low-frequency sounds and rodents digging underground.",
2416
        "Grey foxes who live in North America are the only member of dog family who can climb trees!",
2417
        "In many cultures, the fox appears in folklore as a symbol of cunning and trickery, or as a familiar animal possessed of magic powers.",
2418
        "Sport fox hunting is controversial, particularly in the UK, where its traditional form was banned in Scotland in 2002, and in England and Wales in November 2004, although certain modified forms of hunting foxes with hounds are still within the law, and shooting foxes as vermin also remains lawful.",
2419
        "Foxes have beautiful fur, and as a result, the heartless fur industry both breeds captive foxes and traps foxes in the wild."
2420
    ],
2421
    "French Bulldog": [
2422
        "The French Bulldog is a breed of domestic dog.",
2423
        "Often described as \"a clown in the cloak of a philosopher,\" the French Bulldog originated as, and continues to be used as a companion dog.",
2424
        "The French Bulldog is an intelligent, lively, playful, and affectionate dog.",
2425
        "The French Bulldog has an average lifespan of 11 to 14 years.",
2426
        "A small number of Frenchie breeders in America and Europe kept the flame alive but by 1940 French Bulldogs were considered a rare breed and only 100 were registered with the AKC.",
2427
        "Today, French Bulldogs are very popular as pets. They were the second-most popular registered dog in the United Kingdom, and the fourth-most popular AKC-registered dog breed in the United States.",
2428
        "The French bulldog is not the breed to run along side you as you are jogging.",
2429
        "French bulldogs should not be allowed near bodies of water as they are not capable of swimming due to their bodily structure being so heavy towards their front.",
2430
        "They are very prevalent in social media culture. There is even a subreddit page that discusses \"all things french bulldog\". This section discusses their cultural legacy in dog shows, movies and television shows, celebrities who own them, and French bulldogs in famous events.",
2431
        "The movie Due Date, filmed in 2010, starring Zach Galifinakis, Robert Downey Jr., & Jamie Foxx also features a French Bulldog named Honey."
2432
    ],
2433
    "Frilled Lizard": [
2434
        "The frilled lizard also known commonly as the frilled agama, frilled dragon or frilled-necked lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Agamidae.",
2435
        "The frilled lizard lives in the subhumid to semi-arid grassy woodlands and dry sclerophyll forests.",
2436
        "The lifespan of the frilled lizard is about 10 years in the wild and up to 20 years in captivity.",
2437
        "The Frilled Lizard is a diurnal lizard meaning that they are active during the day and are resting in the night-time.",
2438
        "The frilled lizard can run standing up on its hind legs with its forelegs and tail in the air.",
2439
        "Similar in look to the dilophosaurus seen in \"Jurassic Park,\" the frilled lizard can be a temperamental breed that makes an interesting pet for those looking for something unique.",
2440
        "Frilled lizards are docile creatures that aren't normally aggressive toward humans. However, these aren't the type of lizard that enjoy being handled."
2441
    ],
2442
    "Frog": [
2443
        "Frogs belong to a group of animals called amphibians.",
2444
        "There are approximately 4 thousands species of frogs around the entire world.",
2445
        "Frogs live on every continent except Antarctica.",
2446
        "Frogs typically live in forested and wetland areas. They live in water, within ground cover, in trees and sometimes in grasslands as well as deserts.",
2447
        "The lifespan of a frog is 1 to 30 years. The exact length of time depends on the species of frog.",
2448
        "Frogs come in many sizes and colors.",
2449
        "The goliath frog (Conraua goliath) is the largest living frog on Earth. Specimens can grow up to 32 centimeters (12.6 inches) in length from snout to vent, and weigh up to 3.25 kilogram (7.17 pounds).",
2450
        "The smallest frog is the gold frog (Psyllophryne didactyla), which is a tiny 1 centimeters (0.39 inches) long and only about 1 gram (0.035 ounce).",
2451
        "Adult frogs have two main color schemes. Each one signals a different survival technique. Those with bright colors (like poison frogs) advertise their presence and warn potential predators that their skin is toxic. Those with mottled green or brown colors are camouflaged so predators have a hard time finding them.",
2452
        "Most species of frogs are nocturnal, but many others are diurnal.",
2453
        "Frogs are solitary animals, though they aren't particularly territorial, except during the breeding season.",
2454
        "Frogs have a moist and permeable skin layer covered with mucous glands; this allows them to breathe through their skin in addition to their lungs. The moisture on the skin dissolves oxygen from the air and water surrounding the frog and transmits it into the blood.",
2455
        "Frog skin is water permiable, this means it can let water in and out. Frogs don't often drink with their mouths, they absorb water through their skin. They have a 'seat pouch', an area on their bellies which is designed for water absorbtion. They absorb through capillary action from water or a moist surface.",
2456
        "Frogs are carnivores that eat live prey and do not feed on plants or carrion. Small to medium sized frogs eat insects such as flies, mosquitoes, moths and dragonflies. Larger frogs will eat larger insects like grasshoppers and worms. Some large frogs will even eat small snakes, mice, baby turtles, small fish, and even other smaller frogs!",
2457
        "Frogs use their sticky, muscular tongue to catch and swallow food. Unlike humans, their tongue is not attached to the back of its mouth. Instead it is attached to the front, enabling the frog to stick its tongue out much further.",
2458
        "Most frogs don't hunt, but wait for their prey to come close enough for them to attack; They can't chew their food and must swallow it whole.",
2459
        "During extreme conditions, some frogs enter a state of torpor (state of decreased physiological activity) and remain inactive for months. In colder regions, many species of frog hibernate in winter.",
2460
        "Some kinds of frogs can jump distances up to 20 times their own body length in a single leap. When disturbed, frogs often jump into a puddle or pond where they can hide underwater. Their erratic zig-zag jumping on land also serves to confuse potential predators.",
2461
        "Frogs can see forwards, sideways and upwards all at the same time. They never close their eyes, even when they sleep. Frogs do, however, have eyelids that blink to protect their eyes from dirty residue and preserve moisture.",
2462
        "Remarkably, frogs actually use their eyes to help them swallow food. When swallowing a big mouthful of food, a frog blinks its eyes. The blinking pushes the frogs huge eyeballs down on top of its mouth. This helps squeeze the food in its mouth into its throat.",
2463
        "Frog ears are called tympanums and look more like a flat, disc-shaped patch of skin directly adjacent to each eye.",
2464
        "In most frog species only the males croak. They croak to attract female frogs for breeding, and to warn away other male frogs from their territory. Many kinds of frogs puff themselves up enormously with air when they croak.",
2465
        "Frogs become mature between two months to 3 years old. After a female frog becomes mature, she can lay from two to more than 50 thousands eggs at once, depending of species. Eggs will incubate for 48 hours to 23 days, submerged in water. During incubation, the male frog typically protects the eggs.",
2466
        "Once an egg hatches, a small, legless, fish-like creature emerges. This frog offspring is called a tadpole. Tadpoles gradually grow legs, absorb their tails, lose their gills, and turn into frogs and toads that start breathing air and hopping. This whole transformation is called metamorphosis.",
2467
        "Frogs have many predators. Animal predators include snakes, lizards, birds, shrews, raccoons, foxes, otters and weasels. Even under water frogs aren't safe from hungry fish, turtles and water birds.",
2468
        "African frogs are the best jumpers of the frog world. They can hop 4.2 meters (14 feet) in a single bound.",
2469
        "Waxy tree frogs don't hop but walk like a chameleon, using opposable first fingers and toes to grip branches.",
2470
        "Frog legs are eaten by humans in many parts of the world. French cuisses de grenouille or frog legs dish is a traditional dish particularly served in the region of the Dombes (d\u00e9partement of Ain).",
2471
        "In Egypt the frog is the symbol of life and fertility, and in Egyptian mythology Heget is a frog-goddess who represents fertility.",
2472
        "The Greeks and Romans associated frogs with fertility and harmony, and with licentiousness in association with Aphrodite.",
2473
        "In medieval Europe the frog was a symbol of the devil, as the Catholic church associated it with witchcraft as a familiar spirit.",
2474
        "Frogs feature prominently in folklore, fairy tales, and popular culture. They tend to be portrayed as benign, ugly, and clumsy, but with hidden talents. Examples include Michigan J. Frog, \"The Frog Prince\", and Kermit the Frog."
2475
    ],
2476
    "Galapagos Penguin": [
2477
        "Like other penguins, Galapagos penguins live in coastal areas where they can nest on land and hunt in the offshore waters.",
2478
        "Galapagos penguins can live for 15 to 20 years. Because of high mortality rates due to predation, starvation, climatic events, and human disturbance, most Galapagos penguins do not live to such ages.",
2479
        "Unlike most other penguin species, Galapagos penguin chicks do not join \"cr\u00e8ches\" (groups).",
2480
        "Galapagos penguins have been listed as endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of Threatened Species since 2000."
2481
    ],
2482
    "Gar": [
2483
        "A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation, or enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature.",
2484
        "The term \"garden\", which is of Germanic origin, means \"yard\" or \"enclosure\" and denotes ways of organizing earth, water, plants and, sometimes and art (sculpture, architecture ...).",
2485
        "The history of gardening may be considered as aesthetic expressions of beauty through art and nature, a display of taste or style in civilized life, an expression of an individual's or culture's philosophy, and sometimes as a display of private status or national pride\u2014in private and public landscapes.",
2486
        "In the Western Hemisphere, various Mesoamerican cultures, such as the Maya, Mixtecs, and Nahua peoples (including the Aztec Empire) had both practical and aesthetic gardening traditions.",
2487
        "The earliest surviving detailed garden plan is Egyptian and dates from about 1400 BC \u2013 it shows tree-lined avenues and rectangular ponds.",
2488
        "Mesopotamia, the \"land between the Rivers\" Tigris and Euphrates, comprises a hilly and mountainous northern area and a flat, alluvial south. Its peoples (Sumerians, Akkadians, Assyrians, and Babylonians) were urban and literate from about 3 thousands BC. Evidence for their gardens comes from written texts, pictorial sculpture, and archaeology.",
2489
        "The Hanging Gardens of Babylon [image above] were one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World as listed by Hellenic culture. It was described as a remarkable feat of engineering with an ascending series of tiered gardens containing a wide variety of trees, shrubs, and vines, resembling a large green mountain constructed of mud bricks. It was said to have been built in the ancient city of Babylon, near present-day Hillah, Babil province, in Iraq.",
2490
        "Hellenistic gardens were conspicuously luxurious in their display of precious materials, a tradition carried over by Byzantine gardens.",
2491
        "The Byzantine Empire occupies an important place in the history of garden design between eras and cultures (c. 4th century \u2013 10th century CE). Byzantine gardens were based largely on Roman ideas emphasizing elaborate mosaic designs, a typical classical feature of formally arrayed trees and built elements such as fountains and small shrines.",
2492
        "Monasteries carried on a tradition of garden design and intense horticultural techniques during the medieval period in Europe. Rather than any one particular horticultural technique employed, it is the variety of different purposes the monasteries had for their gardens that serves as testament to their sophistication.",
2493
        "In Renaissance Europe, gardens reflected confidence in human ability to impose order on the external world.",
2494
        "Italian gardens emphasized the unity of house and garden.",
2495
        "French 17th-century gardens were rigidly symmetrical, and French cultural dominance in Europe popularized this style into the next century.",
2496
        "In 18th-century England, increasing awareness of the natural world led to the development of \"natural\" gardens that made use of irregular, nonsymmetrical layouts.",
2497
        "Chinese gardens have generally harmonized with the natural landscape, and have employed rocks gathered from great distances as a universal decorative feature.",
2498
        "Japanese gardens are traditional gardens whose designs are accompanied by Japanese aesthetics and philosophical ideas, avoid artificial ornamentation, and highlight the natural landscape. Plants and worn, aged materials are generally used by Japanese garden designers to suggest an ancient and faraway natural landscape, and to express the fragility of existence as well as time's unstoppable advance.",
2499
        "Some traditional types of eastern gardens, such as Zen gardens, use plants sparsely or not at all.",
2500
        "A botanical garden is a garden dedicated to the collection, cultivation, preservation and display of a wide range of plants labelled with their botanical names. It may contain specialist plant collections such as cacti and other succulent plants, herb gardens, plants from particular parts of the world, and so on; there may be greenhouses, shadehouses, again with special collections such as tropical plants, alpine plants, or other exotic plants.",
2501
        "Covering an area of 32 hectares (79 acres), Keukenhof is one of the largest flower gardens in the world. And with all that land comes a lot of bulbs \u2014 about 7 million are planted each year for a spectacular spring blossom (the garden is only open between March and May). It is located in South Holland in the small town of Lisse, south of Haarlem and southwest of Amsterdam.",
2502
        "The Garden of Versailles occupy part of what was once the Domaine royal de Versailles, the royal demesne of the ch\u00e2teau of Versailles. The garden is spread across 800 hectares (1 thousands acres), and is one of the biggest gardens in the world. 210 thousands flowers and 200 thousands trees are planted annually in The Garden of Versailles. In 1979, the gardens along with the ch\u00e2teau were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.",
2503
        "The Villa d'Este is a 16th-century villa outside of Rome is beloved for its terraced gardens and opulent fountains, one of which plays music. The majestic water features would have been used to delight and impress visitors who were entertained at the villa, which was built for the son of a nobleman and grandson of the Pope. Villa d'Este is a wonderful example of an Italian Renaissance garden, where the landscape is meant to inspire contemplation. It is listed as a UNESCO world heritage site.",
2504
        "Kew Gardens, located in south London, is world famous for housing more than 50 thousands living plants. In addition, it's an important center for botanical research and an architectural masterpiece thanks to the Temperate House, the world's largest Victorian glasshouse. That historic site is home to rare and threatened species of plants.",
2505
        "Gardens by the Bay is a garden spanning 101 hectares (250 acres) of reclaimed land. It is located in the Central Region of Singapore. Gardens by the Bay is a spectacular tropical garden designed not only to celebrate the plants of the tropics, but also the cultural diversity of Singapore's population. Being one of the popular tourist attractions in Singapore, the park receives more than 8 millions people per year.",
2506
        "Gardening can be considered both as an art, concerned with arranging plants harmoniously in their surroundings, and as a science, encompassing the principles and techniques of plant cultivation.",
2507
        "Food-producing gardens are distinguished from farms by their smaller scale, more labor-intensive methods, and their purpose (enjoyment of a hobby or self-sustenance rather than producing for sale).",
2508
        "Zoos, which display wild animals in simulated natural habitats, were formerly called zoological gardens."
2509
    ],
2510
    "Gecko": [
2511
        "Geckos are lizards that belong to the Gekkota infraorder.",
2512
        "Geckos live on every continent except for Antarctica. They are mostly found in warm climates and live in numerous habitats, such as rain forests, deserts and even on cold mountain slopes.",
2513
        "The lifespan of Geckos varies by species, but ranges from a few years to over 25 years.",
2514
        "Geckos vary in size.",
2515
        "The largest species, the kawekaweau (Hoplodactylus delcourti), is only known from a single, stuffed specimen found in the basement of a museum in Marseille, France. This gecko was 60 cm (24 in) long and it was likely endemic to New Zealand, where it lived in native forests. It was probably wiped out along with much of the native fauna of these islands in the late 19th century, when new invasive species such as rats and stoats were introduced to the country during European colonization.",
2516
        "Rhacodactylus leachianus, commonly known as the New Caledonian giant gecko at 36 centimeters (14 inches) total length is the largest extant gecko in the world.",
2517
        "Two smallest gecko species are also the smallest lizard species on Earth: the Jaragua sphaero or dwarf gecko (Sphaerodactylus ariasae) [pic. below] and the Virgin Islands dwarf sphaero or Virgin Islands dwarf gecko (Sphaerodactylus parthenopion), they are only 1.6 centimeters (0.6 inches) long.",
2518
        "Geckos occur in various patterns and colors, and are among the most colorful lizards in the world.",
2519
        "Shades of brown or gray adorn most geckos around the world. These camouflaging colors help the geckos hide among rocks, dirt and sand from predators.",
2520
        "The blue-tailed day gecko (Phelsuma cepediana) from Mauritius and electric blue day gecko (Lygodactylus williamsi) [photo below] from Tanzania share this unusual color.",
2521
        "Over a long period of time, geckos have developed special physical features to help them survive and avoid predators.",
2522
        "Geckos use their tail for many different purposes such as to store fat, maintain balance and add camouflage to help them to blend in. As a last ditch escape effort, Geckos are capable of shedding their tails when grabbed by a predator.",
2523
        "All geckos, excluding 30 species in the Eublepharidae family, lack eyelids and instead have a transparent membrane, which they lick to clean.",
2524
        "Besides well developed night vision, geckos have excellent sense of hearing. They are capable of hearing tones higher than those detectable by any other reptile species.",
2525
        "Geckos have sticky feet that allows them to climb up any type of material with the exception of Teflon. While other creatures use methods like secretions or claws to attach to surfaces, the gecko uses an intricate system called \"dry adhesion.\" On its feet, the gecko has many microscopic hairs, or setae that give them this sticky ability.",
2526
        "Geckos are unique among lizards in their vocalizations. Many geckos, especially young ones, vocalize when they are upset or threatened. Others use their clicking and chirping noises as communication, especially with other geckos. They likely are saying simple things like \"I am here,\" \"Danger!,\" and \"Who wants to mate?\"",
2527
        "The New Latin gekko and English \"gecko\" stem from the Indonesian-Malay g\u0113koq, which is imitative of the sound the animals make.",
2528
        "All geckos shed their skin at fairly regular intervals, with species differing in timing and method. Leopard geckos will shed at about two- to four-week intervals. The presence of moisture aids in the shedding. When shedding begins, the gecko will speed the process by detaching the loose skin from its body and eating it.",
2529
        "Geckos are polyphyodonts and able to replace each of their 100 teeth every 3 to 4 months.",
2530
        "The majority of geckos are nocturnal. This means they are active at night and sleep during the day.",
2531
        "Mating habits vary among gecko species, but most include some type of courtship ritual. These rituals may include posturing, movements, vocalizations, and even physical nipping and nudging.",
2532
        "Some species are parthenogenetic, which means the female is capable of reproducing without copulating with a male. This improves the gecko's ability to spread to new islands. However, in a situation where a single female gecko populates an entire island, the island will suffer from a lack of genetic variation within the geckos that inhabit it.",
2533
        "Parental care among geckos is limited, if it exists at all.",
2534
        "Due to their small size, geckos have a number of natural predators around the world, with the snake being the main predator of the gecko. Other animals that prey on the gecko include large spiders, birds and some mammal species.",
2535
        "There are about 35 species of geckos that have no legs and look more like snakes.",
2536
        "The flying gecko, also known as the parachute gecko, is a fascinating lizard with the ability to glide from tree to tree in the wild. When the gecko leaps into the air, the flaps are used to generate lift and allow the gecko to control its fall. It can fly up to 60 meters (200 feet). Also it does a swoop at the end of its flight to land.",
2537
        "There is a general tradition about gecko, spelt \"gecko\" in Latin, which means fortune, re-growth and overall life.",
2538
        "Leopard geckos are one of the most popular types of lizards to own as a pet."
2539
    ],
2540
    "Gentoo Penguin": [
2541
        "The gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) is the third largest penguin species (after emperor and king penguins).",
2542
        "Gentoo penguins are found on the Antarctic Peninsula as well as many sub-Antarctic islands.",
2543
        "The largest populations of gentoo penguins are found at the Falkland/Malvinas Islands, South Georgia, and the Antarctic Peninsula.",
2544
        "Gentoo penguin's habitats include ice or snow covered grounds as wall as ice-free areas such as coastal plains, sheltered valleys, and cliffs.",
2545
        "With a total breeding population of approximately 387 000 pairs gentoo penguins are the least abundant of the penguins found on the sub-Antarctic islands.",
2546
        "Like all penguin species, the ventral side of gentoo penguins is white while the dorsal side is black. This color pattern is known as countershading. This adaptation is useful while swimming underwater; the lightly colored ventral side helps penguins blend in with the sky for predators or prey that are looking up. The dark dorsal side blends in with the ocean floor for predators or prey looking down.",
2547
        "The gentoo penguin is easily recognized by the wide white stripe extending like a bonnet across the top of its head and its bright orange-red bill. It has pale whitish-pink webbed feet and a fairly long tail \u2013 the most prominent tail of all penguins.",
2548
        "Gentoo Penguins are the fastest underwater swimming penguins, reaching speeds of 36 km/h (22 mph).",
2549
        "Gentoo Penguins can dive as deep as 200 meters and stay underwater up to 7 minutes.",
2550
        "During deep dives, gentoo penguins reduce their heart rate from 80-100 beats per minute (bpm) down to 20 bpm.",
2551
        "Gentoo penguins live most of their life in the same place where they breed. These penguins are very social, and they usually do not show aggression among themselves or with other species of penguins, except when protecting their nests or eggs.",
2552
        "The gentoo penguin calls in a variety of ways, but the most frequently heard is a loud trumpeting which is emitted with its head thrown back.",
2553
        "The breeding colonies of gentoo penguins are located on ice-free surfaces. Colonies can be directly on the shoreline or can be located considerably inland. They prefer shallow coastal areas and often nest between tufts of grass. In South Georgia, for example, breeding colonies are 2 km (1.2 mi) inland.",
2554
        "Gentoo penguin eggs are taken by skuas. Young birds are preyed upon by sheathbills, caracaras, kelp gulls, giant-petrels, skuas and feral cats, while older birds are taken by leopard seals and killer whales. Nests are often flattened by indifferent elephant seals as they move about the island.",
2555
        "Gentoo penguins live up to their Latin name pygoscelis, meaning brush tailed. They have the most prominent tail of all penguins, which sticks out behind and sweeps from side to side as they walk.",
2556
        "The scientific description of the gentoo penguin was first made by the German naturalist Johann Reinhold Forster in 1781 who accompanied Captain James Cook on his second Pacific voyage."
2557
    ],
2558
    "Gharial": [
2559
        "The gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), also known as the gavial is one of two surviving members of the family Gavialidae.",
2560
        "The gharial once thrived in all the major river systems of the northern Indian subcontinent, from the Indus River in Pakistan and the Ganges to the Irrawaddy River in Myanmar.",
2561
        "By 1976, its range had decreased to only 2% of its historical range, and fewer than 200 gharials were estimated to survive. In 2019, the global population was estimated at maximum 950 individuals, including 500 mature adults.",
2562
        "Gharials live in clear freshwater rivers with fast flowing currents.",
2563
        "The lifespan of gharials is not exactly known, however, it is thought to be around the same span as other reptiles being 50 \u2013 60 years in the wild.",
2564
        "Fisherman that live near gharials believe that they can live as long as 100 years old, though this has not been confirmed.",
2565
        "Gharials are one of the largest crocodilians in the world.",
2566
        "The average size of mature gharials is about 4\u20135 meters (12\u201315 feet) and weight about 160 kg (350 lb).",
2567
        "A 6.55 meters (21.5 feet) long gharial was killed in the Ghaghara River in Faizabad in August 1920.",
2568
        "Gharials are dark brown to greenish brown on top with a yellowish white to white underneath.",
2569
        "The scales of gharials are smooth, which is different from most crocodiles and alligators.",
2570
        "The tail is well-developed and laterally flattened. Together with the webbed feet it provides tremendous manoeuvrability in deep water. On land, a gharial can only slide on its belly and push itself forward.",
2571
        "Gharials can swim speeds of 24 km/h (15 mph).",
2572
        "Adult gharials primarily eat fish, while juveniles also feed on insects, crustaceans and frogs.",
2573
        "Gharials aggreggate in basking and nesting areas but are generally solitary.",
2574
        "The gharial is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List.",
2575
        "The word \"gharial\" is derived from the word ghara, which means mud pot. It was misread by Europeans who changed the word to gavial. Thus, this species is known both as gavial and gharial.",
2576
        "Local names for the gharial include 'Lamthore Gohi' in Nepali, 'Ghrial' in Hindi, 'Bahsoolia Nakar' in Bihari, 'Mecho Kumhir' in Bengali and 'Thantia Kumhira' in Odia language.",
2577
        "The gharial probably evolved 42 million years ago."
2578
    ],
2579
    "Gibbon": [
2580
        "Gibbons are apes that are highly adapted to arboreal life.",
2581
        "Gibbons are found in Thailand, China, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia (including Sumatra, Java and Borneo).",
2582
        "There are approximately 20 species of gibbons.",
2583
        "The lifespan of a gibbon is about 25 years in the wild and about 40 to 50 years in captivity. The oldest known living gibbon was a 60 year-old male M\u00fcller's gibbon named Nippy, who was housed in the Wellington Zoo in New Zealand.",
2584
        "Also called the lesser apes or small apes, gibbons differ from great apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans and humans) in being smaller, exhibiting low sexual dimorphism, and not making nests.",
2585
        "Most gibbon species are about 40\u201365 cm (16\u201326 inches) in head and body length, but the siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) can grow up to 90 cm (35 inches). The smaller species (both sexes) weigh about 5.5 kg (12 pounds) \u2013 medium species, such the concolor gibbon, weigh about 7.5 kg (17 pounds). The female siamang weighs 10.5 kg (23 pounds) and the male 12 kg (26 pounds).",
2586
        "Depending on the species and sex, gibbons' fur coloration varies from dark to light brown shades, and any shade between black and white, though a completely \"white\" gibbon is rare.",
2587
        "Like all primates, gibbons are social animals.",
2588
        "Unlike most of the great apes, gibbons frequently form long-term pair bonds.",
2589
        "Gibbons are strongly territorial.",
2590
        "A gibbon marks its territory by vocalizing (singing) when traveling within the borders of where they live. The adult male and female sing a duet and their offspring will join in. The adult male and female harmonize, but sing a different song.",
2591
        "Whole genome molecular dating analyses indicate that the gibbon lineage diverged from that of great apes around 16.8 million years ago.",
2592
        "The English word 'gibbon' is said to be a reborrowing from French, and folk etymology originally from an Orang Asli word.",
2593
        "Gibbon figurines as old as from the fourth to third centuries BC have been found in China. Later on, gibbons became a popular object for Chinese painters, especially during the Song dynasty and early Yuan dynasty, when Y\u00ec Yu\u00e1nj\u00ed and M\u00f9q\u012b F\u01cech\u00e1ng excelled in painting these apes.",
2594
        "From Chinese cultural influence, the Zen motif of the \"gibbon grasping at the reflection of the moon in the water\" became popular in Japanese art, as well, though gibbons have never occurred naturally in Japan."
2595
    ],
2596
    "Gila Monster": [
2597
        "The Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum) is a species of venomous lizard.",
2598
        "The Gila monster ranges from sea level to 1 thousands meters (4 thousands feet) in altitude.",
2599
        "They inhabit scrubland, succulent desert, and oak woodland, seeking shelter in burrows, thickets, and under rocks in locations with ready access to moisture. In fact, Gila monsters seem to like water and can be observed immersing themselves in puddles of water after a summer rain.",
2600
        "The Gila monster and its close cousin, the Mexican beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum), are the only two venomous lizards in the world.",
2601
        "The lifespan of the Gila monster is up to 20 years in the wild and up to 30 years in captivity.",
2602
        "The Gila monster is the largest lizard in the United States; large adults measure up to 51-56 cm (20-22 in) in length, with the tail making up only 20% of its entire length; a weight averaging between 350-700 g (0.77-1.54 lb).",
2603
        "Gila monsters are black, patterned along their backs with contrasting pink or orange. The bright colorsof these scales are thought to warn predators to stay away.",
2604
        "Its venom is made by a row of glands in the lizard's lower jaw. When the lizard bites, small grooves in the teeth help the venom flow into its prey. The bite of a Gila monster is very strong, and the lizard may not loosen its grip for several seconds. It may even chew so that the venom goes deeper into the wound.",
2605
        "Gila monster venom is about as toxic as that of a western diamondback rattlesnake. However, a relatively small amount of venom is introduced in a Gila bite.",
2606
        "Currently, there is no antivenom for Gila monster bites. A Gila monster bite is painful to humans, butit rarely causes death. The biggest problem you might have if a Gila monster bit you is trying to get the lizard to release its grip! A strong stick to pry apart the jaws is recommended.",
2607
        "The Gila monster uses its extremely acute sense of smell to locate prey, especially eggs. Its sense of smell is so keen, it can locate and dig up chicken eggs buried 15 cm (6 in) deep and accurately follow a trail made by rolling an egg. The Gila monster, like most snakes, uses its tongue for smelling.",
2608
        "The Gila monster eats small birds, mammals, frogs, lizards, insects, carrion and eggs. The Gila monster feeds primarily on bird and reptile eggs, and eats infrequently (only 5 to 10 times a year in the wild). Gila monsters are able to climb trees and cacti in search of eggs.",
2609
        "The Gila monster can eat a third of its body weight in one meal.",
2610
        "During cold winter months, Gila monsters stay in burrows dug with their stout claws or even burrows of desert tortoises and have fat stores in their tail to keep them alive during this time.",
2611
        "Gila monsters walk high on their short legs, with the tail clear of the ground and swinging from sideto side for balance, in what looks like an awkward gait. Their top speed is only 2.4 kilometers per hour (1.5 miles per hour).",
2612
        "Good climbers, Gila monsters are sometimes found fairly high up in cholla cactus and trees foraging for bird eggs in nests.",
2613
        "Gila monsters seem to have a loose social structure and occasionally share shelters. Males compete for mates by engaging in carefully choreographed wrestling matches, in which the biggest and strongest animal wins.",
2614
        "Though the Gila monster is venomous, its laggard movement means it poses little threat to humans. However, it has earned a fearsome reputation and is often killed by humans because of fear.",
2615
        "Among Native American tribes, the Gila monster had a mixed standing. The Apache believed its breath could kill a man, and the Tohono O'Odham and the Pima believed it possessed a spiritual power that could cause sickness. In contrast, the Seri and the Yaqui believed the Gila monster's hide had healing properties.",
2616
        "In 1952, Gila monsters became the first venomous animal to be given legal protection.",
2617
        "Today, Gila monsters are listed as Near Threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).",
2618
        "The Gila monster is named for the Gila River in Arizona.",
2619
        "A drug for the management of Type 2 diabetes is based on a protein from the Gila monster's saliva. The drug is sometimes referred to as lizard spit."
2620
    ],
2621
    "Giraffe": [
2622
        "The giraffe is the tallest mammal in the world at an average height of around 5 m (16-18 ft.), with even new-born babies being taller than most humans.",
2623
        "Giraffes live primarily in savanna areas in the sub-Saharan region of Africa.",
2624
        "Giraffe can live to about 25 years in the wild and even longer in captivity.",
2625
        "Spending most of the day eating, a full-grown giraffe consumes over 34 kilograms (75 pounds) of leaves and twigs a day.",
2626
        "Giraffes are ruminants. This means that they have more than one stomach. In fact, giraffes have 4 stomachs, the extra stomachs assisting with digesting food.",
2627
        "Female giraffes can become pregnant at 5 years old. They carry a baby for 15 months and give birth while standing up. Newborns are about 2 m (6 ft.) tall and weigh 70 kg (150 lb.).",
2628
        "The giraffe calf can stand up and walk after about an hour and after only 10 hours can actually run alongside their family.Within a week, it starts to sample vegetation.",
2629
        "Giraffes use their hooves to get rid of predators, one kick is enough to kill the lion.",
2630
        "Male giraffes sometimes fight with their necks over female giraffes. This is called \"necking\". The two giraffes stand side by side and one giraffe swings his head and neck, hitting his head against the other giraffe. Sometimes one giraffe is hit to the ground during a combat.",
2631
        "A giraffe's neck is too short to reach the ground. As a result, it has to awkwardly spread its front legs or kneel to reach the ground for a drink of water.",
2632
        "Drinking is one of the most dangerous times for a giraffe. While it is getting a drink it cannot keep a look out for predators and is vulnerable to attack.",
2633
        "Giraffes only need to drink once every few days. Most of their water comes from all the plants they eat.",
2634
        "Giraffes sleep less than two hours a day. In general, they sleep with their feet tucked under them and their head resting on their hindquarters, but they can also sleep for short periods of time standing up.",
2635
        "The tongue of the giraffe is black. It is 45 cm \u2013 50 cm long (18 \u2013 20 inches).The giraffes long tongue helps them separate the juicy green leaves from the harsh thorns.Also is frequently used for cleaning its nose.",
2636
        "A giraffe's spots are much like human fingerprints. No two individual giraffes have exactly the same pattern.",
2637
        "Giraffes and Oxpeckers (tick birds) have symbiotic relationship. Oxpeckers are eating parasites on giraffe's body, its food for them and giraffes are getting rid of parasites.",
2638
        "In ancient world giraffes were considered to be the mix between camel and a leopard and they called it \"camelopardalis\" (nowadays this is scientific name of one of the giraffe genus).",
2639
        "Giraffes as a whole are not endangered, and are listed as \"least concern\" by the IUCN's Red List of Threatened Species. Although not threatened by extinction, the giraffe population is less than 80 thousands and decreasing, but the exact numbers are unclear, according to the Red List."
2640
    ],
2641
    "Glass Frog": [
2642
        "Glass frogs are a group of tree frogs found in the New World tropics.",
2643
        "While the general background coloration of most glass frogs is primarily lime green, the abdominal skin of some members of this family is transparent. In those species an observer can see the heart pumping blood into the arteries and food moving through the gut. This is the reason for the common name. There is no satisfactory explanation for this transparency.",
2644
        "Their patterning ranges from uniform green to green with white to yellow spots that mimic glass frog eggs.",
2645
        "Glass frogs are generally small, ranging from 1.9 to 7.6 centimeters (0.75 to 3 in) in length.",
2646
        "Glass frogs are mostly arboreal. The word arboreal comes from the Latin arboreus, which means \"pertaining to trees.\" It's a word that refers not just to animals that live in trees, but also to anything that resembes the branching form of a tree \u2014 like a chandelier or a family geology drawn out.",
2647
        "Glass frogs are nocturnal and spend their days hidden under leaves and among branches.",
2648
        "The feeding behavior of glass frogs is not well studied, but they appear to primarily eat small insects and arthropods. Glass frogs have been observed hunting insects in the dense vegetation beside tropical rivers. In captivity, glass frogs are fed fruit flies.",
2649
        "Parental care is common, perhaps even ubiquitous among glass frogs, and males sometime guard multiple clutches. Small clutches of eggs are laid above the water on leaves, rocks, or bromeliads. When the type IV tadpoles hatch, they fall into the water below, and live in the muck and leaf litter on the bottoms of streams. Tadpoles living in oxygen-poor habitats are sometimes bright red as a result of blood flow close to the surface of their unpigmented skin.",
2650
        "Average lifespan of glass frog is usually between 10 and 14 years in the wild.",
2651
        "Due to their small size, glass frogs are easy target for many predators including snakes, mammals and birds.",
2652
        "Two species of glass frogs reflects near-infrared light when examined by infrared color photography. Infrared reflectance may confer adaptive advantage to these arboreal frogs both in thermoregulation and infrared cryptic coloration."
2653
    ],
2654
    "Goat": [
2655
        "The domestic goat or simply goat is a domesticated mammal.",
2656
        "It i is descended of the wild goat from Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe.",
2657
        "The goat is one of the oldest domesticated species of animal, and has been used for milk, meat, fur and skins across much of the world.",
2658
        "Neolithic farmers began to herd wild goats primarily for easy access to milk and meat, as well as to their dung, which was used as fuel, and their bones, hair and sinew for clothing, building and tools.",
2659
        "The earliest remnants of domesticated goats dating 10 thousands years before present are found in Ganj Dareh in Iran.",
2660
        "Goat remains have been found at archaeological sites in Jericho, Choga Mami, Djeitun, and \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc, dating the domestication of goats in Western Asia at between 8 thousands and 9 thousands years ago.",
2661
        "Over time, goat keeping spread over most of Asia, Europe, and Africa. In parts of Africa and Asia, large herds of goats were maintained and land was often overgrazed. This has contributed to the expansion of deserts over large areas of these continents.",
2662
        "The Spanish and Portuguese brought goats to North and South America, and the English brought goats to Australia and New Zealand.",
2663
        "Historically, goat hide has been used for water and wine bottles in both traveling and transporting wine for sale.",
2664
        "Goats were generally kept in herds that wandered on hills or other grazing areas, often tended by goatherds who were frequently children or adolescents. These methods of herding are still utilized today. Goats can survive in difficult conditions.",
2665
        "They also prefer different food than sheep and cattle, which are primarily grazers while goats are browsers, like deer, eating mostly leaves and leafy plants.",
2666
        "Goats are quite particular in what they actually consume, preferring to browse on the tips of woody shrubs and trees, as well as the occasional broad-leaved plant. However, it can fairly be said that their plant diet is extremely varied, and includes some species which are otherwise toxic.",
2667
        "Goats are better at fighting off predators than sheep and historically were kept sometimes with flocks of sheep to help defend the sheep.",
2668
        "The average lifespan for goats is between 15 and 18 years. An instance of a goat reaching the age of 24 has been reported.",
2669
        "There are over 300 distinct breeds of goat.",
2670
        "Goats have two horns, of various shapes and sizes depending on the breed.",
2671
        "Both male and female goats have beards, and many types of goat may have wattles, one dangling from each side of the neck.",
2672
        "They have horizontal, slit-shaped pupils. Because goats' irises are usually pale, their contrasting pupils are much more noticeable than in animals such as cattle, deer, most horses and many sheep, whose similarly horizontal pupils blend into a dark iris and sclera.",
2673
        "There are about 1 billion goats living in the world.",
2674
        "A male goat is called a buck or billy, and a female is called a doe or nanny. Young goats are called kids.",
2675
        "While the words hircine and caprine both refer to anything having a goat-like quality, hircine is used most often to emphasize the distinct smell of domestic goats.",
2676
        "Milk from goats is often turned into goat cheese.",
2677
        "The taste of goat kid meat is similar to that of spring lamb meat \u2013 in fact, in the English-speaking islands of the Caribbean, and in some parts of Asia, particularly Bangladesh, Pakistan and India, the word \"mutton\" is used to describe both goat and sheep meat. However, some compare the taste of goat meat to veal or venison, depending on the age and condition of the goat.",
2678
        "In various places in China, goats are used in the production of tea. Goats are released onto the tea terraces where they avoid consuming the green tea leaves (which contain bitter tasting substances) but instead eat the weeds. The goats' droppings fertilise the tea plants.",
2679
        "The intestine of goats is used to make \"catgut\", which is still in use as a material for internal human surgical sutures and strings for musical instruments.",
2680
        "The horn of the goat, which signifies plenty and wellbeing (the cornucopia), is used to make spoons.",
2681
        "In the New Testament (Matthew 25), Jesus returned to Jerusalem the first day of the week (Sunday) before his crucifixion. Having visited the Jewish Temple, Jesus met with his disciples on the Mount of Olives outside the city. At the end of an extended discourse he told of a time after his Resurrection when he would return in glory and sit in judgement of Gentile nations of the world using a metaphor of the Sheep and the Goats. Commonly sheep and goats grazed together in mixed herds.",
2682
        "In Matthew 25:31\u201346, Jesus said that like a shepherd he will separate the nations placing on his right hand the sheep, those who have shown kindness to needy and suffering disciples of Jesus and others. These he will reward, but the goats at his left hand, who failed to show kindness, will be punished. Although both sheep and goats were valued as livestock, this preference for sheep may relate to the importance of wool and the superior meat of adult sheep compared to the poor meat of adult goats.",
2683
        "Popular Christian folk tradition in Europe associated satan with imagery of goats.",
2684
        "According to Norse mythology, the god of thunder, Thor, has a chariot that is pulled by the goats Tanngrisnir and Tanngnj\u00f3str. At night when he sets up camp, Thor eats the meat of the goats, but takes care that all bones remain whole. Then he wraps the remains up, and in the morning, the goats always come back to life to pull the chariot. When a farmer's son who is invited to share the meal breaks one of the goats' leg bones to suck the marrow, the animal's leg remains broken in themorning, and the boy is forced to serve Thor as a servant to compensate for the damage."
2685
    ],
2686
    "Golden Lion Tamarin": [
2687
        "The golden lion tamarin also known as the golden marmoset is a small New World monkey.",
2688
        "Golden lion tamarin reside in dense forest that is entangled with many vines and has a high density of fruit.",
2689
        "The golden lion tamarin is an endangered species. The range for wild individuals is spread across four places along southeastern Brazil, with a recent census estimating 3 thousands individuals left in the wild and a captive population maintaining about 490 individuals among 150 zoos.",
2690
        "The lifespan for sugar golden lion tamarin is about 15 years in the wild, and 20 years or more in captivity.",
2691
        "The golden lion tamarin gets its name from its bright reddish orange pelage and the extra long hairs around the face and ears which give it a distinctive mane.",
2692
        "As with all New World monkeys, the golden lion tamarin has tegulae, which are claw-like nails, instead of ungulae or flat nails found in all other primates, including humans.",
2693
        "The golden lion tamarin is active for a maximum of 12 hours daily.",
2694
        "The golden lion tamarin is omnivorous. It eats spiders, snails, small lizards, eggs, small birds, fruits and vegetables. They eat insects using their long, slender fingers to probe into crevices in the tree bark. This technique is called \"micromanipulation.\"",
2695
        "Golden lion tamarins are a social species. In the wild, they are found in groups of 2-8, often made up of family members.",
2696
        "The mating system of the golden lion tamarin is largely monogamous. Females give birth usually to twins after a gestation of 130 to 135 days. The rearing of youngs is a cooperative effort by all in the group.",
2697
        "The home of the golden lion tamarin is one of the most densely populated parts of Brazil. The major cause of the animal's decline has been \u2014 and continues to be \u2014 the clearing of its forest habitat.",
2698
        "At one time, people captured and sold golden lion tamarins as pets. Their rapid decline in numbers has thwarted many people's desires for these exotic pets.",
2699
        "The golden lion tamarin is one of the rarest of all mammals in the wild.",
2700
        "The National Zoo in Washington, D.C. and the Rio de Janeiro Primate Center have exchanged golden lion tamarins in an effort to prevent members of the same family from mating. This helps keep captive populations of the animal as genetically diverse as possible."
2701
    ],
2702
    "Golden Retriever": [
2703
        "The Golden Retriever is a breed of hunting dogs.",
2704
        "The Golden Retriever was originally bred in Scotland in the mid-19th century.",
2705
        "The original cross was of a yellow-coloured retriever, 'Nous', with a Tweed Water Spaniel female dog, 'Belle'. All Golden Retrievers are related to these two dogs.",
2706
        "The golden retriever was first shown in England in 1908 and was registered with the American Kennel Club in 1925.",
2707
        "Today, Golden Retrievers are a very popular kind of dog.",
2708
        "The average lifespan for a Golden Retriever is about 11 to 12 years.",
2709
        "The typical Golden Retriever is calm, naturally intelligent and biddable, and with an exceptional eagerness to please.",
2710
        "Golden Retrievers are very good family dogs because they are extremely sweet and gentle with young children and do not bark very much.",
2711
        "The Golden Retriever is also popular as a disability assistance dog, such as being a guide dog for the blind and a hearing dog for the deaf.",
2712
        "In July 2006, the Golden Retriever Club of Scotland organized a gathering of Golden Retriever enthusiasts at the ancestral home, Guisachan House. A photograph taken by photographer Lynn Kipps to commemorate the occasion captured 188 Golden Retrievers, and so holds the record for the most Golden Retrievers in one image.",
2713
        "The loudest bark by a dog measured 113.1 dB and was produced by Golden Retriever Charlie, owned by Belinda Freebairn (Australia) during the Purina Bark in the Park event in Rymill Park, Adelaide, Australia, on 20 October 2012. Most dogs bark between 80 and 90 decibels in volume, about as loud as a shouting human.",
2714
        "The world record for the most tennis balls held in the mouth by a dog at one time is five. Augie, a Golden Retriever owned by the Miller family in Dallas, Texas, USA, successfully gathered and held all five regulation-sized tennis balls on 6 July 2003.",
2715
        "On 16 July 2010, Instagram's co-founder and CEO Kevin Systrom (USA) uploaded a picture of a Golden Retriever to the app, which was then known as \"Codename\". The names of the dog and its owner are not known, but the foot in the picture belongs to Systrom's girlfriend. The photograph was taken at a taco stand named Tacos Chilakos in Todos Santos on the Baja California Peninsula in Mexico. The app was made available to the public in October that year, by which time it had been retitled \"Instagram\"."
2716
    ],
2717
    "Goliath Frog": [
2718
        "The goliath frog is the largest living frog on Earth.",
2719
        "Goliath frogs live in or near fast-flowing rivers and waterfalls in dense, humid and relatively high-temperature rain forests.",
2720
        "The lifespan of goliath frogs is about 15 years in the wild and up to 21 years in captivity.",
2721
        "Goliath frogs can jump almost 3 meters (10 feet) forward.",
2722
        "Goliath frogs feed on spiders, worms, and insects, such as dragonflies and locusts. They also eat smaller frogs, crabs, baby turtles, and young snakes. A bat reportedly was found in a goliath frog's stomach.",
2723
        "Because the goliath frog lacks a vocal sac, it does not produce mating calls, a behavior generally present in frogs and toads. Males wrestles with other males to breed with females.",
2724
        "Goliath frog eggs and tadpoles are about the same size as other frogs despite their very large adult form. So the majority of the growth process occurs during the 75-90 days.",
2725
        "Goliath frog is preyed upon by snakes, Nile crocodiles, and Nile monitors, among other predators.",
2726
        "The primary threat to the goliath frog is hunting, as it is considered a food source in its native range. The IUCN has highlighted the need for conservation measures, in cooperation with local communities, to make sure the hunting is at sustainable levels.",
2727
        "The goliath frog is also called the giant slippery frog.",
2728
        "Can you get big warts from goliath frogs? No! You can't get warts from any frog or toad."
2729
    ],
2730
    "Goose": [
2731
        "Gooseberries are small, round to oval berries.",
2732
        "Gooseberries are native to Europe, the Caucasus and northern Africa.",
2733
        "Gooseberries are extremely hardy and are grown almost as far north as the Arctic Circle.",
2734
        "The gooseberry is a straggling bush growing to 1.5 meters (5 feet) in height and width, the branches being thickly set with sharp spines, standing out singly or in diverging tufts of two or three from the bases of the short spurs or lateral leaf shoots. The bushes bear well for 10 to 20 years.",
2735
        "There are 44 calories in 100 grams (3.5 ounces) of gooseberries.",
2736
        "Gooseberries are a good source of dietary fiber and several other essential nutrients such as vitamin C, B-complex vitamins, vitamin E, iron, phosphorus, copper, potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc and manganese.",
2737
        "The health benefits of gooseberries include healing from harmful UV ray damage, good for the formation of red blood cells, helps boost the immune system of the body, reduce the risk of strokes and heart diseases, promote good eye health, helps prevent type 2 diabetes and promote longevity and youth. It also helps remove waste materials, excessive salts, and toxins, effective in relieving certain skin ailments including eczema and acne, prevent gum diseases that cause loosening, reddening, and inflammation of gums.",
2738
        "Once as popular as blueberries, the North American gooseberry faced setbacks due to the federal legislation's attempt to protect the American forests from disease.",
2739
        "Gooseberry clubs, or societies, were first formed in England in the mid-eighteenth century, but they reached their peak of popularity during the mid 19th century. Few people today are aware of that craze, or the fruit which sparked it, since gooseberries went into a sharp decline and then, nearly out of fashion, after the First World War.",
2740
        "The \"goose\" in \"gooseberry\" has usually been seen as a corruption of either the Dutch word kruisbes or the allied German Krausbeere, or of the earlier forms of the French groseille. Alternatively, the word has been connected to the Middle High German krus (curl, crisped), in Latin as grossularia.",
2741
        "However, the Oxford English Dictionary takes the obvious derivation from goose and berry as probable because \"the grounds on which plants and fruits have received names associating them with animals are so often inexplicable that the inappropriateness in the meaning does not necessarily give good grounds for believing that the word is an etymological corruption\"."
2742
    ],
2743
    "Gorilla": [
2744
        "Gorillas are a great ape along with chimpanzees, bonobos and orangutans.",
2745
        "Gorillas live in the forests of central Africa.",
2746
        "Western gorilla: Cross River gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli) \u2013 an estimated population of only 250-300 left in the wild Western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) \u2013 an estimated population of over 100 thousands left in the wild",
2747
        "Eastern gorilla: Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) \u2013 an estimated population of about 880 left in the wild Eastern lowland or Grauer's gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri) \u2013 an estimated population of under 5 thousands left in the wild",
2748
        "Although their range covers a small percentage of Africa, gorillas cover a wide range of elevations. Lowland gorillas live in dense forests and lowland swamps and marshes as low as sea level. The mountain gorilla inhabits forests, ranging in altitude from 2 thousands\u20134 thousands meters (7 thousands\u201314 thousands ft).",
2749
        "A gorilla's lifespan is normally between 35 and 40 years, although zoo gorillas may live for 50 years or more. Colo, a female western gorilla at the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium was the oldest known gorilla,at 60 years of age when she died on January 17, 2017.",
2750
        "Gorillas are the largest of all primates \u2014 the group of animals that includes monkeys, lemurs, orangutans, chimpanzees, and humans.",
2751
        "Wild male gorillas weigh 135 to 180 kg (300 to 400 lb) while adult females usually weigh half as much as adult males at 70\u2013115 kg (150\u2013250 lb).",
2752
        "Adult males are 1.7 to 1.8 m (5 ft 7 in to 5 ft 11 in) tall, with an arm span that stretches from 2.3 to 2.6 m (7 ft 7 in to 8 ft 6 in). Female gorillas are shorter, with smaller arm spans.",
2753
        "Gorillas are stocky animals with broad chests and shoulders, large hands, and forearms that are much shorter than the upper arm.",
2754
        "The eastern gorilla is more darkly coloured than the western gorilla, with the mountain gorilla being the darkest of all. The mountain gorilla also has the thickest hair. The western lowland gorilla can be brown or grayish with a reddish forehead.",
2755
        "Gorillas are non-territorial and live in groups called troops. There can be 5 to 30 gorillas in one troop, led by a strong, experienced silverback. The silverback makes all the decisions, such as where the troop travels for food each day, when they stop to eat or rest, and where they spend the night.",
2756
        "Gorillas have various methods of communication, including some 25 distinct vocalisations.",
2757
        "They are generally peaceful creatures, but sometimes a younger male from another troop will challenge the silverback. To scare unwanted gorillas away, he will beat his chest with cupped hands to make a loud noise, scream, bare his teeth, then charge forward. Sometimes he will break off branches and shake them at the intruder.",
2758
        "Gorillas stick to a mainly vegetarian diet, feeding on stems, bamboo shoots and fruits. Western lowland gorillas, however, also have an appetite for termites and ants, and break open termite nests to eat the larvae.",
2759
        "Gorillas rarely drink water \"because they consume succulent vegetation that is comprised of almost half water as well as morning dew.\"",
2760
        "Gorillas mate year round. The gestation period lasts 8.5 months. Newborn gorillas weigh about 1.4 to 1.8 kilograms (3 to 4 pounds). A mother carries her baby against her chest for the first several months until the little one can hang on to Mom's back, which frees up her hands to walk and carry food items.",
2761
        "Young gorillas learn by imitating what the others in the troop are doing and by play fighting with other youngsters. Even the stern silverbacks are gentle with the little ones as they practice new skills. A young gorilla stays close to its mom, sharing her nest, until it is four to six years old.",
2762
        "Gorillas have no natural enemies or predators, yet these peaceful creatures are at critical risk because of humans. People hunt gorillas for food called bushmeat, and logging and mining companies destroy gorilla habitat.",
2763
        "All species (and sub-species) of gorilla are listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List.",
2764
        "Disease epidemics such as the Ebola virus have recently decimated gorilla populations that were previously considered secure within their natural habitat.",
2765
        "Gorillas are considered highly intelligent. One famous captive-born individual, Koko, has been taught sign language since she was a year old. By the age of 40, she had a library of about 1 thousands signs and could understand some 2 thousands words of English.",
2766
        "Like the other great apes, gorillas can laugh, grieve, have \"rich emotional lives\", develop strong family bonds, make and use tools, and think about the past and future.",
2767
        "Some researchers believe gorillas have spiritual feelings or religious sentiments.",
2768
        "Like the other apes and humans, gorillas cannot swim naturally, therefore they avoid large bodies of water and rivers.",
2769
        "Gorillas can run at speed in excess of 20 mph (32 km/h) and can reach a top speed of 25 mph (40 km/h) when needed.",
2770
        "No two noses on a gorilla are alike. Researchers take close-up photos of each wild gorilla's face to help identify individuals.",
2771
        "The DNA of gorillas is highly similar to that of humans, from 95\u201399% depending on what is counted.",
2772
        "The word \"gorilla\" is from a Greek word meaning \"tribe of hairy women.\"",
2773
        "Since coming to the attention of western society in the 1860s, gorillas have been a recurring element of many aspects of popular culture and media. For example, gorillas have featured prominently in monstrous fantasy films such as King Kong."
2774
    ],
2775
    "Grasshopper": [
2776
        "Grasshoppers are insects of the suborder Caelifera within the order Orthoptera.",
2777
        "There are over 11 thousands known species of grasshoppers.",
2778
        "Most grasshoppers prefer dry open habitats with lots of grass and other low plants, though some species live in forests or jungles. Many of the grassland species invade farmer's fields too.",
2779
        "The lifespan of a grasshopper depends on the climate where it resides. In climates where winter is cold, grasshoppers can only survive the winter as an egg. Adult grasshoppers do not survive low temperatures. In warmer climates, grasshoppers are capable of living for several years.",
2780
        "Grasshoppers are medium to large insects. Adult length is 1 to 7 centimeters (0.4 to 2.75 inches), depending on the species. Female grasshoppers are normally larger than males.",
2781
        "Grasshoppers have the typical insect body plan of head, thorax and abdomen.",
2782
        "Grasshoppers are colored to blend into their environment, usually a combination of brown, gray or green. In some species the males have bright colors on their wings that they use to attract females. A few species eat toxic plants, and keep the toxins in their bodies for protection. They are brightly colored to warn predators that they taste bad.",
2783
        "Grasshoppers are typically ground-dwelling insects with powerful hind legs which enable them to escape from threats by leaping vigorously.",
2784
        "An adult grasshopper is capable of leaping 10 times its length straight into the air and 20 times its length horizontally without using its wings. That is, if a grasshopper is 5 centimeters (2 inches) long, it can jump a distance of 1 meter (40 inches).",
2785
        "A small cuticle in a grasshopper's knee acts as a spring and lets it catapult its body into the air.",
2786
        "Most species of grasshoppers have wings and can fly pretty well, using their large hind jumping legs as a booster to propel them into the air, where they spread their wings and take off. They can reach a speed of 13 kilometers (8 miles) per hour when flying.",
2787
        "Grasshoppers are herbivores. Their favorite foods are plants in the grass family such as corn, wheat, barley and alfalfa. They aren't picky, however, and can eat many other types of plants. It's not uncommon to see grasshoppers chewing on the leaves of a tree, and more eating the grass beneath it.",
2788
        "Grasshoppers peculiarly don't have nests, territories or a general home base as they usually migrate to find new sources of food.",
2789
        "Grasshoppers mainly use sound and sight to communicate, though like animals, scent and touch are important during mating. In some species males vibrate their wings or rub their wings with their legs to make sounds that attract females.",
2790
        "Grasshoppers mate in late summer or fall. After mating the female will lay up to hundreds of egg pods in the ground. The eggs remain in the ground over winter, and they usually hatch in late May.",
2791
        "Grasshoppers have a wide range of predators; eggs are eaten by bee-flies, ground beetles and blister beetles; nymphs and adults are taken by other insects such as ants, robber flies, praying mantises and sphecid wasps, by spiders, by lizards and by many birds and small mammals.",
2792
        "Grasshoppers are not known for biting though they may occasionally bite a predator as a defense mechanism. Although grasshoppers have very strong jaws for tearing vegetation, they prefer jumping away to avoid capture rather than confronting predators.",
2793
        "Locusts are a type of grasshopper. They typically live alone, but are famous for forming giant swarms that can swoop down and destroy massive areas of crops.",
2794
        "Grasshoppers existed long before dinosaurs, dating back to the early Triassic around 250 million years ago.",
2795
        "Grasshoppers are commonly eaten in African, Asian, Central and South American countries, the insect is a very good source of protein.",
2796
        "In Native America, the Ohlone people burned grassland to herd grasshoppers into pits where they could be collected as food.",
2797
        "The Egyptian word for locust or grasshopper was written sn\u1e25m in the consonantal hieroglyphic writing system. ",
2798
        "When grasshoppers appear in dreams, these have been interpreted as symbols of \"Freedom, independence, spiritual enlightenment, inability to settle down or commit to decision\".",
2799
        "In Japan, grasshoppers are seen as a sign of good luck.",
2800
        "In the 1998 Pixar film A Bug's Life, the heroes are the members of an ant colony, and the lead villain and his henchmen are grasshoppers."
2801
    ],
2802
    "Gray Fox": [
2803
        "The gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), or grey fox is a mammal of the order Carnivora.",
2804
        "Gray foxes prefer to live in deciduous forests interspersed with brushy, woodland areas. Many populations thrive where woodlands and farmlands meet. Proximity to water is a key feature of preferred habitat as well.",
2805
        "The lifespan of the gray fox is 6 to 9 years in the wild and up to 12 years in captivity.",
2806
        "The gray fox is medium-sized canids with elongated bodie and relatively short legs.",
2807
        "The gray fox ranges from 76 to 112.5 cm (29.9 to 44.3 in) in total length.",
2808
        "The gray fox typically weighs 3.6 to 7 kg (7.9 to 15.4 lb), though exceptionally can weigh as much as 9 kg (20 lb).",
2809
        "Gray foxes are omnivorous. A large part of its diet is made up of small mammals like mice, voles and eastern cottontail rabbits. It also eats birds, insects, and plants like corn, apples, nuts, berries and grass. In the summer and autumn, grasshoppers and crickets are an important part of its diet.",
2810
        "The gray fox is primarily nocturnal or crepuscular and makes its den in hollow trees, stumps or appropriated burrows during the day.",
2811
        "Gray foxes are solitary animals that socialize only during mating season. They are typically monogamous, although in rare cases polygamy and polyandry occur.",
2812
        "Gray foxes primary predators include bobcats, golden eagles, great-horned owls and coyotes.",
2813
        "Gray foxes are the only member of the Canidae family that can climb trees."
2814
    ],
2815
    "Great Dane": [
2816
        "The Great Dane is a breed of dog known for its large size.",
2817
        "The Great Dane's large and imposing appearance belies its friendly nature. They are known for seeking physical affection with their owners, and the breed is often referred to as a \"gentle giant\".",
2818
        "The average lifespan for a Great Dane is about 8 to 10 years.",
2819
        "The Great Dane is the tallest dog breed, with males standing at least 76 cm (30 inches) and females at least 71 cm (28 inches) \u2013 it weighs 50 to 82 kg (110 to 180 pounds).",
2820
        "The record holder for the tallest dog ever is a Great Dane called Zeus (died September 2014), who measured 111.8 cm (44 in) from paw to shoulder.",
2821
        "The Great Dane has a massive, square-jawed head and body lines that give it an elegant appearance.",
2822
        "Historians claim that there are drawings of dogs that resemble the Great Dane on Egyptian monuments from roughly 3000 BC.",
2823
        "The origins of the Great Dane as we know it today can be traced to the Irish Wolfhound with mixture of old English Mastiff.",
2824
        "However, due to the increasing tensions between Germany and other countries, the dog later became referred to as a \"Great Dane\" \u2013 name was derived from one of its French names, grand Danois (big Danish), although there is no known reason to associate Denmark with the history or origin of the breed.",
2825
        "The Great Dane was named the state dog of Pennsylvania in 1965.",
2826
        "Animation designer Iwao Takamoto based the Hanna-Barbera character Scooby-Doo on a Great Dane. He derived his design from sketches given to him by a Hanna-Barbera employee who bred Danes, and then endeavoured to make Scooby the opposite of a perfect pedigree, with a longer tail, bowed legs, small chin and a sloping back."
2827
    ],
2828
    "Great White Shark": [
2829
        "The great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), is one of the most feared sharks in the world.",
2830
        "Great white sharks live in almost all coastal and offshore waters which have water temperature between 12 and 24 \u00b0C (54 and 75 \u00b0F), with greater concentrations in the United States (Northeast and California), South Africa, Japan, Oceania, Chile, and the Mediterranean.",
2831
        "The lifespan of great white sharks is estimated to be as long as 70 years or more.",
2832
        "Great white sharks may not be the world's biggest sharks, since that title goes to the whale shark, but they are the planet's largest known predatory fish.",
2833
        "Great white sharks are from 3.4 to 6.1 meters (11 to 20 feet) in length and weight between 520 and 2 thousands kilograms (1 thousands and 5 thousands pounds). The female is usually larger than the male.",
2834
        "Great white sharks can accelerate to over 56 km/h (35 mph) for short bursts and can at times launch themselves more than 3 meters (10 feet) into the air.",
2835
        "The structure and behavior of the great white shark is still a big mystery. The great white shark is mostly a solitary creature although it can reunite with others of its same species. When they do meet or swim in groups, they typically avoid conflict and dominance battles. However, there are places, such as the waters around Africa, where great white sharks show a distinct hierarchy: females dominate males, larger sharks dominate smaller sharks, and residents dominate newcomers.",
2836
        "In contrast to most fish, which tend to be cold-blooded, the great white shark is warm-blooded, so it can regulate its own body temperature, thus allowing it to adapt to different water temperatures.",
2837
        "The great white shark has a tremendous brain that coordinates all the highly-developed senses of this efficient hunter.",
2838
        "The great white shark mouth is equipped with a set of 300 sharp, triangular teeth arranged in up to seven rows. Their teeth rip prey into mouth-sized pieces which are swallowed whole.",
2839
        "Great white sharks are carnivores. They generally eat larger prey, such as pinnipeds, which include sea lions and seals. They also eat nearly anything they can get their teeth into, such as small whales like Beluga whales, dolphins, other sharks, sea otters, sea turtles and even seabirds. The great white tends to hunt live prey, but it eats dead animals floating in the water as well when the opportunity presents itself.",
2840
        "Little is known about the great white shark's mating habits. Great white sharks are ovoviviparous, which means eggs develop and hatch in the uterus and continue to develop until birth. The great white has an 11-month gestation period.",
2841
        "When a great white shark is born, along with up to a dozen siblings, it immediately swims away from its mother. Baby sharks are on their own right from the start, and their mother may see them only as prey. At birth the baby shark is 1.2 to 1.5 meters (4 to 5 feet) long already.",
2842
        "As large and powerful predators, great white sharks play an important role at the top of the marine food chain.",
2843
        "The great white shark has no known natural predators other than the killer whale.",
2844
        "The IUCN notes that very little is known about the actual status of the great white shark, but as it appears uncommon compared to other widely distributed species, it is considered vulnerable.",
2845
        "More than any documented bite incident, Peter Benchley's best-selling novel Jaws and the subsequent 1975 film adaptation directed by Steven Spielberg provided the great white shark with the image of being a \"man eater\" in the public mind.",
2846
        "Humans are not the preferred prey of the great white shark, but, nevertheless, the great white is responsible for the largest number of reported and identified fatal unprovoked shark attacks on humans.",
2847
        "Contrary to popular belief, great white sharks do not mistake humans for seals.",
2848
        "Great white sharks infrequently bite and sometimes even sink boats. Only five of the 108 authenticated unprovoked shark bite incidents reported from the Pacific Coast during the 20th century involved kayakers. In a few cases they have bitten boats up to 10 meters (33 feet) in length.",
2849
        "One of the densest known great white shark populations lives around Dyer Island, South Africa, which makes the area a prime shark research location."
2850
    ],
2851
    "Green Anole": [
2852
        "The green anole is a species of a lizard.",
2853
        "Other common names include the Carolina anole, American green anole, American anole, American chameleon, and red-throated anole.",
2854
        "Green anoles are most abundant on the Atlantic Coastal Plains in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Florida, and on the Gulf Coast in Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas.",
2855
        "It is a primarily arboreal lizard. Within natural habitats, green anole is found most often on shaded tree branches. Its positioning within a tree is known as its perch height and is dependent on the proximity of both predators and prey.",
2856
        "Green anoles have a lifespan ranging from 2 to 8 years, determined largely by predation. Lifespan in captivity is similar to that in the wild, approximately 4 to 6 years, and dependent on proper care and conditions.",
2857
        "The green anole is a small to medium-sized lizard, with a slender body. Adult males are usually from 12.5 to 20.3 cm (4.9 to 8.0 in) long, with about 60-70% of which is made up of its tail, with a body length up to 7.5 cm (3 in) and can weigh from 3 to 7 g (0.11 to 0.25 oz).",
2858
        "Green anoles have enlarged finger and toe pads that are covered with microscopic hooks. These clinging pads, together with sharp claws, enable them to climb, even over a smooth surface, with great speed and agility.",
2859
        "They can drop their long tail as a defense against predators in the wild. It's not a good idea to hold them by the tail. When an anole drops its tail, it will usually regenerate but will not look the same as the original. Green anoles are skittish and shy, but with consistent and gentle handling will become somewhat tame.",
2860
        "The green anole is diurnal and active throughout the year, peaking in spring and fall. Winter activity is dependent on sun and temperature.",
2861
        "A green anole's diet consists primarily of small insects such as crickets, grasshoppers, spiders, flies and other arthropods. Although they have been observed preying upon smaller reptiles such as juvenile skinks, this is not thought to be typical behavior.",
2862
        "The typical breeding season for green anoles starts as early as April and ends in late September. During this time, the males patrol their territory and the most brilliant displays of these creatures can be seen. The female can produce an egg every two weeks during the breeding season, until about 10 eggs have been produced.",
2863
        "The green anole has long been one of the most widely available species of lizard in the pet trade.",
2864
        "Green anoles are fun to watch, as they are active during the daytime and love to climb. One of their best attributes is their willingness to interact with their human owners; many are willing to eat from their owners' hands.",
2865
        "Green anoles can live in a 75-liter (20-gallon) or larger terrarium, with numerous plants lining the back and sides of the cage."
2866
    ],
2867
    "Greyhound": [
2868
        "The Greyhound also referred to as an English Greyhound is a breed of dog.",
2869
        "Although the origin of the Greyhound is contested, evidence of the breed has been found in both Mesopotamia and Egypt.",
2870
        "Graves containing Greyhounds in Mesopotamia date back to the Ubaid Period c. 5000 BC and in Egyptian images c. 4250 BC. Greyhounds are depicted throughout Egypt's history as a hunting dog but may also be the breed featured in battle scene.",
2871
        "The Romans believed that greyhounds came from Gaul (western Europe), the land of the Celts. The Celts, on the other hand, believed that greyhounds came from Greece, and so called them \"Greek hounds\".",
2872
        "Greyhounds nearly became extinct during times of famine in the Middle Ages. They were saved by clergymen who protected them and bred them for the nobility.",
2873
        "All modern pedigree Greyhounds derive from the Greyhound stock recorded and registered first in private studbooks in the 18th century, then in public studbooks in the 19th century, which ultimately were registered with coursing, racing, and kennel club authorities of the United Kingdom.",
2874
        "It has been used for coursing game and greyhound racing.",
2875
        "The Greyhound is a sighthound dog \u2013 a type of dog, which are hounds that hunt primarily by sight and speed, rather than by scent and endurance as scent hounds do.",
2876
        "Greyhounds are also raced for sport, chasing a mechanical rabbit.",
2877
        "England is credited with being the originating nation for modern day greyhound racing.",
2878
        "Since the late 20th century, greyhound racing has been banned in various areas, notably a number of U.S. states, amid allegations that the dogs were mistreated.",
2879
        "The average lifespan of a Greyhound is 10 to 14 years.",
2880
        "The Greyhound can reach a full speed of 70 kilometres per hour (43 mph) within 30 metres (98 ft), or six strides from the boxes, traveling at almost 20 metres per second (66 ft/s) for the first 250 metres (820 ft) of a race.",
2881
        "Contrary to popular belief, adult Greyhounds do not need extended periods of daily exercise, as they are bred for sprinting rather than endurance.",
2882
        "Greyhounds have higher levels of red blood cells than other breeds. Since red blood cells carry oxygen to the muscles, this higher level allows the hound to move larger quantities of oxygen faster from the lungs to the muscles.",
2883
        "Friendly and gentle yet lively and fun, the Greyhound is a sweet and sensitive creature, and enjoys the peaceful life but also enjoys the companionship of his loved ones.",
2884
        "Greyhounds can live comfortably as apartment dogs, as they do not require much space and sleep almost 18 hours per day.",
2885
        "Greyhound puppies can be hyperactive and destructive if not given an outlet, and therefore require more experienced handlers.",
2886
        "The name \"Greyhound\" is generally believed to come from the Old English grighund. \"Hund\" is the antecedent of the modern \"hound\", but the meaning of \"grig\" is undetermined, other than in reference to dogs in Old English and Old Norse. Its origin does not appear to have any common root with the modern word \"grey\" for color, and indeed the Greyhound is seen with a wide variety of coat colors.",
2887
        "The only breed of dog mentioned by name in the Bible is the greyhound (Proverbs 30:29-31, King James Version): \"There be three things which do well, yea, Which are comely in going; A lion, which is strongest among beasts and Turneth not away from any; A greyhound; A he-goat also.\"",
2888
        "The Hebrew phrase translated as \"greyhound\" literally means \"girt in the loins.\" This probably was considered by translators the most appropriate English term to describe the ancestor of the greyhound.",
2889
        "The greyhound features prominently in the Homer's epic, The Odyssey, when a returning Odysseus is not recognized by anyone but his trusted greyhound Argus."
2890
    ],
2891
    "Grizzly Bear": [
2892
        "The grizzly bear (Ursus arctos ssp.) is a large subspecies of brown bear inhabiting North America.",
2893
        "Most grizzly bears are found in western Canada and Alaska. They are also found in several northwestern United States, including Idaho, Montana, Washington, and Wyoming.",
2894
        "Grizzly bears are found many different habitats, from dense forests to subalpine meadows, open plains arctic tundra, and coastlines.",
2895
        "The grizzly bear is, by nature, a long-living animal. The average lifespan for a male is estimated at 22 years, with that of a female being slightly longer at 26. The oldest wild inland grizzly was 34 years old in Alaska; the oldest coastal grizzly was 39. Captive grizzlies have lived as long as 44 years.",
2896
        "Despite its \"large\" reputation, the grizzly bear is one of the smallest of the brown bear subspecies.",
2897
        "Although variable in color from blond to nearly black, grizzly bear fur is typically brown with darker legs and commonly white or blond tipped fur on the flank and back.",
2898
        "The grizzly bear has a large hump over the shoulder, which is a muscle mass used to power the forelimbs in digging; the hump is a good way to distinguish a grizzly bear from a black bear, as black bears do not have this hump.",
2899
        "A grizzly bear's front claws measure about 5-10 centimeters (2-4 inches) in length. The long claws are used to dig for roots and to dig up burrows of small mammals.",
2900
        "Grizzly bears tend to be solitary animals, with the exception of females and their cubs; and in coastal areas, grizzlies gather around streams, lakes, rivers, and ponds during the salmon spawn.",
2901
        "Grizzly bears communicate through sound, movement, and smell. They can express emotions through a series of different vocalizations such as grunts, moans, and growls.",
2902
        "Grizzly bears have keen senses of hearing and smell, but poor eyesight.",
2903
        "A grizzly bear's jaw pressure is powerful enough to crush a human head. It has been estimated that a bite from a grizzly could even crush a bowling ball.",
2904
        "A grizzly bear can reach speeds of around 56 kilometer (35 miles) per hour. By comparison, Usain Bolt's top speed is 44.72 km/h (27.8 mph).",
2905
        "Grizzly bears are omnivores. Their diet changes with seasonal availability of different food sources. The most commonly eaten plants are the fleshy roots of some plants, fruits, berries, grasses, and forbs. If grizzly bears are on the hunt, their prey can include fish (especially salmon), rodents like ground squirrels, carrion and large mammals, when available, such as moose, elk, reindeer, white-tailed deer, mule deer, bighorn sheep, muskox, and bison.",
2906
        "In fall a grizzly bear may eat as much as 40 kilograms (90 pounds) of food each day, and it may weigh twice as much before hibernation as it will in spring.",
2907
        "Grizzly bears hibernate for 5\u20137 months each year except where the climate is warm, as the California grizzly did not hibernate.",
2908
        "Grizzly bears hibernate throughout winter, preserving energy by reducing heart rate and body temperature by a few degrees. Hibernation takes place in a den, often dug into a sheltered slope, in which the bear may survive for over half a year without eating, drinking, urinating or defecating.",
2909
        "Grizzly bears mate from May to July, and a gestation of 180 to 250 days follows, with births occurring from January to March, usually while the female is still in hibernation. Litter size is between one and four cubs, averaging twins or triplets.",
2910
        "The grizzly bear is listed as threatened in the contiguous United States and endangered in parts of Canada.",
2911
        "There are approximately 15 thousands grizzly bears in Canada.",
2912
        "Grizzly bears can be dangerous to humans, particularly if surprised or if humans come between a mother and her cubs.",
2913
        "Also you are more likely to be attacked by a grizzly bear if you scream out loud, fight back, or run away.",
2914
        "Various bear images have been depicted on California's flag until 1953, when an artist was commissioned to design the official state flag featuring a grizzly bear.",
2915
        "Scientists generally do not use the name grizzly bear but call it the North American brown bear."
2916
    ],
2917
    "Guinea Pig": [
2918
        "The guinea pig (Cavia porcellus), also known as cavy, is a domesticated species of rodent.",
2919
        "Despite his name, the guinea pig does not hail from New Guinea or any other Guinea, nor is he a pig; he makes piglike noises and he likes to eat, though.",
2920
        "Guinea pigs were originally native to South America.",
2921
        "The guinea pig was first domesticated as early as 5000 BC for food by tribes in the Andean region of South America (the present-day southern part of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia).",
2922
        "There are 13 commonly recognized breeds of guinea pig which have been developed since its domestication. These include the American, American satin, Abyssinian, Abyssinian satin, Peruvian, Peruvian satin, silkie, silkie satin, teddy, teddy satin, texel, coronet and the white crested.",
2923
        "Guinea pigs live an average of 5 to 7 years, according to the University of Pennsylvania's Penn Veterinary Medicine.",
2924
        "According to the Guiness Book of World Records, the oldest guinea pig known was 14 years and 10.5 months old and was named Snowball.",
2925
        "Guinea pigs are tailless rodents that weigh between 700 and 1 thousands g (1.5 and 2.6 lb), and measuring between 20 and 25 cm (8 and 10 in) in length; with males being larger than females.",
2926
        "The guinea pig has a stout, compact body with short limbs, large head and eyes, and short ears. The feet have hairless soles and short sharp claws. There are four toes on the forefeet and three on the hind feet.",
2927
        "Unlike size, which is fairly homogeneous, guinea pig coats are diverse.",
2928
        "Like many other rodents, guinea pigs have continuously growing teeth, and they must chew or gnaw constantly to keep them from growing too long.",
2929
        "Guinea pigs are strict herbivores. They are often fed lettuce, cabbage, and various types of grasses and fruit. In some cases, barley and \"Timothy hay\", a wide-spread perennial grass, are grown especially for consumption by domesticated mammalian herbivores such as guinea pigs. Commercially manufactured feed pellets are also good to guinea pig's diet because they contain many of the vitamins and minerals.",
2930
        "Unlike most animals, guinea pigs are neither strictly diurnal nor nocturnal. Instead, they randomly scatter periods of activity with shorter periods of sleep throughout the day and night.",
2931
        "Guinea pigs are very social animals and will be happiest living with other guinea pigs.",
2932
        "Guinea pigs startle easily and will either freeze to avoid being detected or sprint for cover.",
2933
        "When excited, guinea pigs often hop in the air repeatedly, known as \"popcorning.\"",
2934
        "Guinea pigs need a lot of floor space, and most cages marketed as guinea pig cages are much too small, especially for a pair (or more).",
2935
        "Unlike most rodents, guinea pigs do see colors; they see most colors accurately.",
2936
        "Their poor depth perception gives guinea pigs the reputation of not seeing well. Actually, guinea pigs can see 33 images per second \u2014 humans see only 22 \u2014 and they have a 340 degree range of vision.",
2937
        "Guinea pigs can hear sounds of up to 40 thousands to 50 thousands Hz, and some guinea pig vocalizations have ultrasonic components above 20 thousands Hz; Humans hear frequencies from 20 Hz up to 20 thousands Hz.",
2938
        "Tactile hairs on guinea pigs' muzzles help them find their way in the dark as well as figure out how large an opening is.",
2939
        "A guinea pig's normal heart rate ranges between 240 to 350 beats per minute, while a normal respiratory rate is between 40 and 150 breaths per minute.",
2940
        "Guinea pigs communicate through a variety of noises, including chutts, squeaks, wheeks, whines, whistles, purrs, and chirps. Though generally not loud enough to annoy the neighbors, a wheeking guinea pig can be surprisingly loud.",
2941
        "The guinea pig is able to breed year-round, with birth peaks usually coming in the spring. The gestation period lasts between 60 and 70 days. Litters yield one to six pups, with an average of three; the largest recorded litter size is 17. Guinea pig pups will stay near their mother constantly for both warmth and food, nursing for up to 30 days.",
2942
        "The guinea pig plays an important role in the folk culture of many Indigenous South American groups, especially as a food source, but also in folk medicine and in community religious ceremonies.",
2943
        "Guinea pigs can learn complex paths to food, and can accurately remember a learned path for months.",
2944
        "The fastest 10 meters (32.81 ft) by a guinea pig was achieved by Flash, who ran the distance in 8.81 seconds, in London, UK, on 27 July 2009. Record was attempted by ten guinea pigs throughout the day, individually, with Flash clocking the fastest time.",
2945
        "The longest jump by a guinea pig was achieved by Truffles (UK), who cleared a gap of 48 centimeters (18.89 in) in Rosyth, Fife, UK, on 6th April 2012.",
2946
        "The highest jump by a guinea pig was at height of 20 centimeters (7.8 in) made by Puckel Martin on March 16, 2003 in Varg\u00f6n, Sweden.",
2947
        "An online store based in Japan called Guinea Pig Fashion sells guinea clothes, including wedding dresses, tank tops, hats, and hair extensions."
2948
    ],
2949
    "Hammerhead Shark": [
2950
        "The hammerhead sharks are a group of sharks so named for the unusual and distinctive structure of their heads, which are flattened and laterally extended into a \"hammer\" shape.",
2951
        "There are 10 species of hammerhead shark.",
2952
        "The lifespan of hammerhead sharks is estimated to be 25 to 35 years.",
2953
        "The scalloped bonnethead (Sphyrna corona) is the smallest species of hammerhead shark, measures up to 92 centimeters (36 inches) long. It is a rare, little-known species of hammerhead shark.",
2954
        "Hammerhead sharks are carnivorous and eat a variety of fish, although stingrays are the preferred prey. Hammerhead sharks take advantage of their wide, flat heads to pin down stingrays and other bottom dwelling fish before delivering a fatal bite. They will also squid, octopus, crustaceans and other sharks.",
2955
        "Like many other species of shark the hammerhead shark is a solitary hunter during the night, but during the daytime hammerhead sharks are known to form schools of up to 100 hammerhead shark individuals.",
2956
        "Hammerhead sharks can swim up to 25 km/h (15 mph).",
2957
        "The hammerhead shark is well known for its ability to make very sudden and sharp turns. Not only does the hammer at as an organ of balance, but its body seems to be specifically designed to twist and bend.",
2958
        "Reproduction occurs only once a year for hammerhead sharks, and usually occurs with the male shark biting the female shark violently until she agrees to mate with him.",
2959
        "All hammerhead sharks are viviparous \u2013 a female gives birth to live young that grow inside the female shark, similar to humans."
2960
    ],
2961
    "Hamster": [
2962
        "Hamsters are rodents of the family Cricetidae.",
2963
        "There are 25 hamster species.",
2964
        "The first known wild hamsters can be traced back to countries such as Syria, Belgium, portions of northern China, Greece, and Romania.",
2965
        "Hamsters are most common in dry, open habitats. They live in deserts, plains, sand dunes, steppes, shrublands, rocky foothills, river valleys, agricultural fields, gardens, and orchards. Hamsters may be found at elevations up to 3 thousands meters (11 thousands feet).",
2966
        "Common pets throughout the world, hamsters are small, cute and readily available in the pet trade. These balls of fur are generally friendly with people.",
2967
        "The five hamster species most commonly kept as pets are: Syrian, Roborovski, Campbell's Dwarf, Chinese and Winter White Russian Dwarf hamsters.",
2968
        "Hamsters have a relatively short lifespan, about 2-4 years.",
2969
        "The various species of hamsters range in size from approximately 5 centimeters (2 inches) long to over 33 centimeters (13 inches). The most common pet hamster, the Syrian hamster, also known as the teddy bear hamster or golden hamster, usually grows to about 13 to 18 centimeters (5 to 7 inches) long.",
2970
        "Hamsters have compact bodies, small, furry ears, short legs, wide feet, and short stubby tails.",
2971
        "Most hamsters are strictly solitary.",
2972
        "In the wild, hamsters are more crepuscular (active in twilight) than nocturnal (active at night) and remain underground during the day to avoid being caught by predators.",
2973
        "Hamsters are generally quick moving and have an amazing amount of stamina for a rodent, they run at 3-5 km/h (2-3 mph) for long periods of time and 8-11 km/h (5-7 mph) for short distances.",
2974
        "Hamsters are terrestrial animals and their feet are modified for cursorial locomotion.",
2975
        "Some hamsters can swim quite well by filling their cheek pouches with air, giving themselves buoyancy.",
2976
        "All hamsters are excellent diggers, constructing burrows with one or more entrances, with galleries connected to chambers for nesting, food storage, and other activities.",
2977
        "A behavioral characteristic of hamsters is food hoarding. They carry food in their spacious cheek pouches to their underground storage chambers. Hamster burrows have been found with as much as 90 kilograms (200 pounds) of stored food.",
2978
        "Hamsters are omnivores. Wild hamsters eat seeds, grain, nuts, grasses, plants, vegetables and fruits as well as some insects. Although pet hamsters can survive on a diet of exclusively commercial hamster food, other items, such as vegetables, fruits, seeds, and nuts, can be given.",
2979
        "Hamsters have poor eyesight; they are nearsighted and colorblind. Equipped with an acute sense of smell, hamsters are able to distinguish each other by scent and, if handled often, also can recognize their owners by smell. They are particularly sensitive to high-pitched noises and can hear and communicate in the ultrasonic range. Also, there are sensory nerves on the end of each whisker, which help them to feel their surroundings and navigate in the dark.",
2980
        "Hamsters are not true hibernators, but they do experience long bouts of torpor, lasting several weeks at a time, during the winter.",
2981
        "Hamsters are seasonal breeders and will produce several litters a year with several pups in each litter. The breeding season is from April to October in the Northern Hemisphere, with two to five litters of one to 13 young being born after a gestation period of 16 to 23 days. After the birth, the litter is blind until they are two weeks old and at 3 to 4 weeks the young are weaned.",
2982
        "Hamsters can be aggressive and do not hesitate to defend themselves from predators with their large incisors.",
2983
        "Like many other rodents, hamsters have continuously growing teeth, and they must chew or gnaw constantly to keep them from growing too long.",
2984
        "The name \"hamster\" comes from the German word hamstern, which means \"to hoard\" alluding to its hoarding habits.",
2985
        "Hamsters are closely related to other small rodents including mice, rats and voles.",
2986
        "The reason hamsters adore hamster wheels is easy: the tiny rodents are born to run. It comes naturally to them. Hamsters truly enjoy running, plain and simple, and their species as a whole are very energetic and lively. It is not uncommon to record distances of 9 km (5.6 mi) being run in one day.",
2987
        "Hamster wheels are 100 percent vital for keeping hamsters happy, healthy and physically fit. But if their wheels are too small, they can cause pain, spinal problems, and even lead to arthritis.",
2988
        "The IUCN currently lists one species as endangered (the popular pet, golden or Syrian hamsters), one as vulnerable (Romanian hamsters), and one as lower risk (gray dwarf hamsters)."
2989
    ],
2990
    "Hare": [
2991
        "Hares are small mammals related to rabbits and belonging to the same family (Leporidae).",
2992
        "There are 32 species of hare.",
2993
        "Hare species are native to Africa, Eurasia, North America, and the Japanese archipelago.",
2994
        "The favorite habitat of the hare is in meadows, fields and clearings.",
2995
        "Hares usually live from 4 to 8 years in the wild. But they can live for as long as twelve years.",
2996
        "If you think hares are the same as rabbits you're \"jumping\" to the wrong conclusion. There are significant differences in physical appearance, behavior, and even lifestyles.",
2997
        "Hares are born with fur and are larger than rabbits. They usually have taller hind legs and longer ears. Rabbits make their homes in burrows underground, while hares make nests above ground.",
2998
        "The hare's elongated ears range from 6.2 to 11.0 cm (2.4 to 4.3 in) from the notch to tip.",
2999
        "Some hares, such as the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) and southern populations of the Arctic hare (Lepus arcticus), change color with the seasons. In the winter, these animals have white fur to blend in with the snow; after the spring moult, the fur is replaced with a shorter grey-brown fur.",
3000
        "Hares are quite solitary whereas rabbits are social animals.",
3001
        "Hares are nocturnal, feeding and travelling most at night, and sleeping during the day.",
3002
        "To avoid detection hares move close to the ground and their ears lie flat on their backs.",
3003
        "Hares are also excellent swimmers.",
3004
        "Their upper lips are split, concealing a pair of long, front incisors that never stop growing. Hares must keep their teeth ground down by constant gnawing and chewing.",
3005
        "Hares are herbivorous and prefer to eat grass and other plant life but also supplement their diets with fruits, vegetables, seeds, nuts and some fungi.",
3006
        "Hares have an excellent sense of smell, hearing and vision. They have nearly 360\u00b0 panoramic vision, allowing them to detect predators from all directions. They can see everything behind them and only have a small blind-spot in front of their nose.",
3007
        "A male hare is called a jack, a female is a jill. A hare less than one year old is called a leveret. The collective noun for a group of hares is a \"drove\".",
3008
        "Normally shy animals, hares change their behavior in spring, when they can be seen in broad daylight chasing one another around meadows; this appears to be competition between males to attain dominance (and hence more acces to breeding females).",
3009
        "During this spring frenzy hares can be seen \"boxing.\" This is usually not competition between males, but a female hitting a male, either to show she is not yet ready to mate or as a test of his determination.",
3010
        "Young hares are adapted to the lack of physical protection, relative to that afforded by a burrow, by being born fully furred and with eyes open. They are hence precocial, and are able to fend for themselves soon after birth. By contrast, the related rabbits having young that are born blind and hairless.",
3011
        "Due to the size and speed of the hare, the hare is generally not a first choice meal for many predators although there are a number of animals that will hunt hares. The predators of the hare include large birds of prey, foxes, coyotes, wolves, lynx, wild dogs and weasels, and also humans who will often hunt hares both to eat and for pest control.",
3012
        "Hares have not been domesticated, while rabbits are raised for food and kept as house pets.",
3013
        "Hares have 48 chromosomes while rabbits have 44.",
3014
        "In Europe, the hare has been a symbol of sex and fertility since at least Ancient Greece. The Greeks associated it with the gods Dionysus, Aphrodite and Artemis as well as with satyrs and cupids.",
3015
        "In European tradition, the hare also symbolises the two qualities of swiftness and timidity.",
3016
        "The hare in African folk tales is a trickster; some of the stories about the hare were retold among African slaves in America, and are the basis of the Br'er Rabbit stories.",
3017
        "The hare appears in English folklore in the saying \"as mad as a March hare\" and in the legend of the White Hare that alternatively tells of a witch who takes the form of a white hare and goes out looking for prey at night or of the spirit of a broken-hearted maiden who cannot rest and who haunts her unfaithful lover."
3018
    ],
3019
    "Harpy Eagle": [
3020
        "The harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) is one of the largest species of eagle.",
3021
        "Rare throughout its range, the harpy eagle is found from Mexico (almost extinct), through Central America and into South America to as far south as Argentina. The eagle is most common in Brazil, where it is found across the entire national territory.",
3022
        "Harpy eagles live in the canopies of tropical lowland rainforests. They prefer undisturbed forests but will also hunt along open patches of land. They generally are found in mid to upper levels of rain forest canopies where they are able to find preferred prey.",
3023
        "The lifespan of the harpy eagle is about 25 to 35 years in the wild and up to 40 years in captivity.",
3024
        "Harpy eagles are from 86.5 to 107 cm (2 ft 10 in to 3 ft 6 in) long and have a wingspan of 176 to 224 cm (5 ft 9 in to 7 ft 4 in).",
3025
        "Harpy eagles possess the largest talons of any living eagle, they can be as large as a bear's claws, and its legs can be almost as thick as a man's wrist.",
3026
        "Harpy eagles are most often found in pairs as they form monogamous pairs that mate for life. The average area occupied by each breeding pairs was estimated at 4 thousands hectares (11 thousands acres).",
3027
        "Harpy eagles can potentially perch for up to 23 hours in search of prey. They are incredibly skilled in flight and are adept at maneuvering through their dense, forest habitat. They are diurnal and hunt during the day.",
3028
        "A harpy eagle is capable, in a serious chase, of reaching speeds of 80 kilometers per hour (50 miles per hour). It dives down onto its prey and snatches it with outstretched feet.",
3029
        "The harpy eagle preys on tree dwelling mammals like monkeys, sloths and opossums. Other partially arboreal and even land mammals are also preyed on given the opportunity, including porcupines, rodents, anteaters, armadillos, and even relatively large carnivores such as kinkajous, coatis, and tayras. Occasionally, this eagle also preys on other bird like macaws as well as on reptiles such as iguanas, tejus, and snakes.",
3030
        "Harpy eagles use vocalizations to communicate with one another and visual displays and vocalizations in mating rituals. They will often produce vocalizations while sitting on perches, which sound like \"uahaaaau...uahaaaau...uahaaaau\".",
3031
        "Harpy eagles are near the top of a food chain but are preyed upon by snakes, jaguars and the much smaller ocelot.",
3032
        "Globally, the harpy eagle is considered Near Threatened by IUCN and threatened with extinction by CITES (appendix I).It is threatened primarily by habitat loss due to the expansion of logging, cattle ranching, agriculture, and prospecting.",
3033
        "The species name harpyja and the word harpy in the common name harpy eagle both come from Ancient Greek h\u00e1rpuia (\u1f05\u03c1\u03c0\u03c5\u03b9\u03b1). They refer to the Harpies of Ancient Greek mythology. These were wind spirits that took the dead to Hades, and were said to have a body like an eagle and the face of a human.",
3034
        "The harpy eagle is the national bird of Panama and is depicted on the coat of arms of Panama.",
3035
        "The harpy eagle is considered by many Brazilian indigenous tribes as the personification of tribal chiefs, a symbol of eagerness and prowess.",
3036
        "The 15th harpy eagle released in Belize, named \"Hope\", was dubbed \"Ambassador for Climate Change\", in light of the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009.",
3037
        "The harpy eagle was the inspiration behind the design of Fawkes the Phoenix in the Harry Potter film series."
3038
    ],
3039
    "Hedgehog": [
3040
        "Hedgehog is a small nocturnal Old World mammal with a spiny coat and short legs, able to roll itself into a ball for defence.",
3041
        "There are some 17 species of hedgehog in 5 genera, found through parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and in New Zealand by introduction.",
3042
        "The hedgehog can live in many different habitats, from desert to forest and beyond!",
3043
        "Hedgehog's lifespan is from 3 to 8 years in the wild, up to 10 years in captivity.",
3044
        "Hedgehogs can be white or light brown to black, with several shades found in bands along their quills. Their belly, face, and neck are covered in coarse hair. Some hedgehogs have a dark brown or black mask across their eyes.",
3045
        "These interesting critters have small but powerful legs and big feet with five toes each. The exception is the four-toed hedgehog that has\u2014you guessed it!\u2014four toes.",
3046
        "Most mammals have fur or hair that is somewhat flexible and soft. But the hair on the back of a hedgehog is a thick layer of spikes (or modified hairs) known as quills. These quills are made of keratin, the same stuff our hair and fingernails are made of.",
3047
        "When threatened, the hedgehog raises its quills upright in a crisscross pattern, making its body pointy and sharp.",
3048
        "Some hedgehogs dig burrows in the soil up to 50 centimeters (20 inches) deep. Others prefer to make nests with dead leaves, grasses, and branches. Desert hedgehogs hide between boulders or burrow into the sand to escape the desert heat. In Asia, long-eared hedgehogs often move into burrows left by turtles, foxes, gerbils, and otters.",
3049
        "Hedgehogs hibernate in cold climates. In deserts, they sleep through heat and drought in a similar process called aestivation. They remain active all year in more temperate locations.",
3050
        "The hedgehog is nocturnal, coming out at night and sleep all day, up to 18 hours!",
3051
        "Hedgehogs are classified as insectivorous (insect eaters) but appear to be very opportunistic eaters in the wild eating a wide variety of insects, mollusks (worms and snails) small animals and vegetation, fruits and greens.",
3052
        "The diet of a hedgehog has claimed it the reputation as being the 'gardener's friend' as it includes so many 'pests'.",
3053
        "The gestation period for hedgehogs is approximately 35 days.",
3054
        "Baby hedgehogs are called hoglets or piglets.An adult female usually gives birth to four to seven young once or twice a year.",
3055
        "The various species are prey to different predators: while forest hedgehogs are prey primarily to birds (especially owls) and ferrets, smaller species like the long-eared hedgehog are prey to foxes, wolves and mongooses.",
3056
        "A hedgehog is not a rodent. Their order is Erinaceomorpha, which means they are not related to porcupines at all! Hedgehogs share more of their lineage with shrews.",
3057
        "Hedgehogs can travel up to 3 kilometers (1.86 miles) a day and move at a speed of up to 2 meters (6.5 feet) per second.",
3058
        "When a desert hedgehog wants to eat a scorpion, it must first bite the stinger off the tail. Some hedgehog species can even eat venomous snakes.",
3059
        "Like opossums, mice, and moles, hedgehogs have some natural immunity against snake venom through the protein erinacin in the animal's muscular system, although it is only available in small amounts and a viper bite may still be fatal.",
3060
        "The name hedgehog came into use around the year 1450, derived from the Middle English heyghoge, from heyg, hegge (\"hedge\"), because it frequents hedgerows, and hoge, hogge (\"hog\"), from its piglike snout.",
3061
        "The collective noun for a group of hedgehogs is array or prickle.",
3062
        "Hedgehogs are a food source in many cultures. Hedgehogs were eaten in Ancient Egypt and some recipes of the Late Middle Ages call for hedgehog meat.",
3063
        "Hedgehogs are traded throughout Eurasia and Africa for traditional medicine and witchcraft.",
3064
        "Ancient Roman and Chinese folklore tell tales of hedgehogs carrying fruit on their quills.",
3065
        "Sonic the Hedgehog, first introduced in 1991, is a blue anthropomorphic hedgehog which is the title character in several videogames, comic strips and animated cartoons by Sega."
3066
    ],
3067
    "Heron": [
3068
        "The herons are long-legged freshwater and coastal birds in the family Ardeidae.",
3069
        "There are 64 different species of herons that differ in size, color and type of habitat.",
3070
        "Herons can be found on each continent except on Antarctica.",
3071
        "Herons can be recognized by their long, S-shaped neck, dagger-like bill and long legs.",
3072
        "The largest species of heron is the Goliath heron (Ardea goliath) which stand up to 152 centimeters (60 inches) tall, the wingspan is 185\u2013230 centimeters (73\u201390.5 inches) and the weight is 4\u20135 kilograms (8.8\u201311.0 pounds).",
3073
        "Herons are carnivorous. The diet includes a wide variety of aquatic animals, including fish, reptiles, amphibians, crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic insects. Many species will also opportunistically take larger prey, including birds and bird eggs, rodents, and more rarely carrion.",
3074
        "Herons have good vision and can hunt during the night, as well as the day.",
3075
        "Herons are excellent flyers that can reach the speed of 48 kilometers (30 miles) per hour. During the flight, their neck is curled in S-shape, while legs dangle behind the body.",
3076
        "The herons are a highly mobile family, with most species being at least partially migratory.",
3077
        "While the family exhibits a range of breeding strategies, overall the herons are monogamous and mostly colonial.",
3078
        "Herons build their nests in tall trees so that the eggs are safe from the predators on the ground. The nest of the heron is build out try leaves and twigs by both the male heron and the female heron.",
3079
        "The female heron lays between three to seven eggs per clutch which hatch after an incubation period of around 1 month. Both the male heron and the female heron help to incubate their eggs and feed the tiny heron chicks.",
3080
        "Main predators of herons are minks, foxes and raccoons. They predominately prey on the eggs of the heron and their young rather than the adult heron itself.",
3081
        "Herons are not considered to be threatened or endangered animals although concerns have been raised about the health-risks to the world's heron populations. Pollution is a major factor in the decline of many animal populations around the world, and pollution in the water can have a devastating effect on the fish which the heron eat.",
3082
        "Although herons resemble birds in some other families, such as the storks, ibises, spoonbills and cranes, they differ from these in flying with their necks retracted, not outstretched.",
3083
        "The word heron is rather old and of uncertain origin. It appeared in English language c. 1300, originating from the Latin aerius meaning aerial, or from Old French hairon, eron (12 century), earlier hairo (11 century), from Frankish haigiro or from Proto-Germanic hraigran.",
3084
        "The Heron is symbolic in many cultures.",
3085
        "The sacred Bennu bird is often represented in ancient Egyptian art as a heron, that is characterized by two long feathers streaming from the back of the head. The 'Bennu' Bird was believed to represent the soul of the Ra, the Supreme Sun God.",
3086
        "In Greek mythology, the heron has been indicated as being a messenger from the gods, including deities like Athene and Aphrodite.",
3087
        "As a Chinese symbol the Heron represents strength, purity, patience and long life.",
3088
        "In Africa, the Heron was thought to communicate with the Gods.",
3089
        "Most Native American tribes took note of the heron's inquisitiveness, curiosity and determination. As such this set the heron as a symbol of wisdom in that this creature seemed to have good judgement skills."
3090
    ],
3091
    "Honey Badger": [
3092
        "The honey badger or ratel is a badger-like member of the weasel family (Mustelidae) noted for its fondness for honey.",
3093
        "The honey badger is found mainly in dry areas but are also found in forests and grasslands.",
3094
        "The average lifespan for honey badgers is from 7 to 8 years in the wild, while in captivity individuals may live up to 24 years.",
3095
        "Honey badgers measure 23 to 28 cm (9.1 to 11.0 in) in shoulder height and 55\u201377 cm (22\u201330 in) in body length, with the tail adding another 12\u201330 cm (4.7\u201311.8 in). Females are smaller than males.",
3096
        "The honey badger's fur is thick and coarse, mostly black, with a wide gray-white stripe that stretches across its back from the top of the head to the tip of the tail.",
3097
        "The honey badger's skin is so thick that it can withstand bee stings, porcupine quills, and even dog bites!",
3098
        "Honey badgers are predominantly nocturnal but have been observed to switch to diurnal activity during the cold-dry months.",
3099
        "Honey badgers can run up to 25 to 30 kilometers (15 to 19 miles) per hour for short distances.",
3100
        "Honey badgers feed on small animals and fruit and on honey, which they find by following the calls of a bird, the greater, or black-throated, honey guide \u2013 the honey badger break open the bees' nests to feed on the honey, and the birds in return obtain the remains of the nest.",
3101
        "They are smart animals and are one of few species able to use tools. In the 1997 documentary series Land of the Tiger, a honey badger in India was filmed using a tool \u2013 the animal rolled a log and stood on it to reach a kingfisher fledgling stuck up in the roots coming from the ceiling in an underground cave.",
3102
        "Honey badgers often kill chickens that humans are raising for food. Because of their strength and persistance, they are difficult to keep away. They are known to rip thick planks from hen-houses or burrow underneath stone foundations.",
3103
        "Honey badgers as solitary animals, coming together only briefly for mating.",
3104
        "Lions and leopards are the main predators of honey badgers. A leopard will sometimes attack a young honey badger and grip it by the back of the neck, and prides of lions will sometimes team up and kill a honey badger, crocodiles may also snap up a honey badger.",
3105
        "Honey badgers seem to be resistant to snake venom.",
3106
        "Honey badgers are strong, fearless fighters but in captivity can become tame and playful.",
3107
        "The honey badger is listed as the \"world's most fearless animal\" in the 2002 edition of the Guinness Book of World Records.",
3108
        "The 2011 YouTube viral video The Crazy Nastyass Honey Badger popularized the image of honey badgers as fearless and erratic, including the catchphrase Honey badger don't care."
3109
    ],
3110
    "Honey Bee": [
3111
        "Honey bees also spelled honeybees are a subset of bees in the genus Apis, primarily distinguished by the production and storage of honey and the construction of perennial, colonial nests out of wax.",
3112
        "There are 7 species of honey bee, with 44 subspecies.",
3113
        "Because honey bees have been domesticated to produce honey for human consumption, they are now found all over the world in different habitats.",
3114
        "While honey bees can thrive in domesticated or natural environments, they generally prefer living in meadows, orchards, woodlands, gardens and any other areas where there is an abundance of flowering plants.",
3115
        "Researchers believe that the original habitats of the honey bee are tropical climates and heavily forested areas.",
3116
        "Many people believe that honey bees originated in Africa and spread to northern Europe, eastern India, China and the Americas.",
3117
        "All honey bees are social and cooperative insects. They live in sophisticated, well organised societies.",
3118
        "Honey bees live in hives (or colonies).",
3119
        "Honey bee colonies consist of a single queen, hundreds of male drones and 20 thousands to 80 thousands female worker bees. Each honey bee colony also consists of developing eggs, larvae and pupae.",
3120
        "All members of a honey bee colony undergo complete metamorphosis, passing through the egg, larval and pupal stages before becoming adults.",
3121
        "The number of individuals within a honey bee colony depends largely upon seasonal changes.",
3122
        "Honey bees live on stored honey and pollen all winter, and they cluster into a ball to conserve warmth.",
3123
        "Honey bees perform a group of movements, known as the waggle dance. They do this to inform other worker bees of the exact location of the food source. Some of these locations are over 6 kilometers (3.7 miles) from their hive.",
3124
        "It is clear that honey bees use the sun to navigate and to communicate, but source of bees' knowledge of the sun's motion is still unclear. When navigating, the bees are able to use the sun as a fixed reference point. This allows them to fly in a compass direction simply by keeping the angle between their line of flight and the sun constant. Bees that have successfully found food are then able to share the location through their dance language.",
3125
        "The Hive and the Honey Bee, the \"Bible\" of beekeeping, indicates that a bee's flight speed averages about 25 kilometers (15 miles) per hour and they're capable of flying 32 kilometers (20 miles) per hour.",
3126
        " Honey bee beat their wings 230 times per second!",
3127
        "Honey bees also collect pollen in their pollen baskets and carry it back to the hive. In the hive, pollen is used as a protein source necessary during brood-rearing.",
3128
        " Honey bees are able to detect scents with their mouths, antennae and tips of their legs (tarsi). In all these areas bees have sensilla: tiny, hair-shaped organs that incorporate receptor nerve cells. They have 170 of these odor receptors in their antenna.",
3129
        "All honey bees live in colonies where the workers sting intruders as a form of defense, and alarmed bees release a pheromone that stimulates the attack response in other bees.",
3130
        "When a honey bee stings, it cannot pull the barbed stinger back out. It leaves behind not only the stinger, but also part of its abdomen and digestive tract, plus muscles and nerves. This massive abdominal rupture kills the honey bee. Honey bees are the only bees to die after stinging.",
3131
        "Sadly, over the past 20 years, colonies of bees have been disappearing, and the reason remains unknown. Referred to as 'colony collapse disorder', billions of Honey bees across the world are leaving their hives, never to return. In some regions, up to 90% of bees have disappeared!",
3132
        "As pollinators, honey bees are critical to the environment and the food supply.",
3133
        "Scientists argue that honey bees and some other insects may have the capacity for awareness.",
3134
        "The study of bees including honey bees is known as melittology.",
3135
        "A community of honey bees has often been employed throughout history by political theorists as a model of human society: this image occurs in Aristotle and Plato; in Virgil and Seneca; in Erasmus and Shakespeare; in Marx and Tolstoy."
3136
    ],
3137
    "Hornbill": [
3138
        "Hornbills are a family of bird.",
3139
        "There are approximately 55 species of hornbills.",
3140
        "Hornbills are found in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia and Melanesia.",
3141
        "Hornbills show considerable variation in size. The smallest species is the black dwarf hornbill, at 99 g (3.5 oz) and 32 cm (1 foot) in length. The largest and most massive species appears to be the southern ground hornbill which has an average weight of 3.8 kg (8.3 lb), and can weigh up to 6.3 kg (14 lb) and span about 180 cm (6 feet) across the wings.",
3142
        "Hornbills have a long tail, broad wings, and white and black, brown, or gray feathers. This contrasts with the brightly colored neck, face, bill, and casque in many species. Females and males often have different colored faces and eyes.",
3143
        "The most distinctive feature of the hornbills is the heavy bill, supported by powerful neck muscles as well as by the fused vertebrae. The large bill assists in fighting, preening, constructing the nest, and catching prey.",
3144
        "A feature unique to the hornbills is the casque, a hollow structure that runs along the upper mandible. In some species it is barely perceptible and appears to serve no function beyond reinforcing the bill.",
3145
        "Several species, including the striking Rhinoceros hornbill, possess a brightly coloured beak and casque. This striking coloration is the result of the bird rubbing its beak and casque against the preen gland beneath the tail, which stimulates the production of an oily orange-red fluid that adds areddish tone to these parts.",
3146
        "The casque of the helmeted hornbill from Borneo is different from all other hornbill species: its dense, ivory-like casque makes up about 10 percent of the bird's body weight! Unfortunately, this has made it attractive to native islanders who kill the birds to use the heavy casques for ornamentalcarvings.",
3147
        "Hornbills are diurnal, generally travelling in pairs or small family groups. Larger flocks sometimes form outside the breeding season. The largest assemblies of hornbills form at some roosting sites, where as many as 2400 individual birds may be found.",
3148
        "Southern ground hornbill booms are so loud they are sometimes mistaken for the roaring of lions.",
3149
        "Often the first sign of an approaching hornbill is the rhythmic chuffing sound made by their wings as they fly through the air, which can be heard at long range.",
3150
        "Hornbills generally form monogamous pairs, although some species engage in cooperative breeding.",
3151
        "The female hornbill lays her eggs in a hole in a tree. Then, helped by her mate, she seals herself in, covering the entrance with droppings and mud. Only a small slit is left, through which the male gives her food. This keeps the nest safe from snakes until the chicks are grown enough to leave the nest, and learn how to fly.",
3152
        "The beaks of toucans and hornbills are an example of what scientists call convergent evolution. While hornbills live in Africa and Asia, toucans live in Central and South America. Essentially, hornbills and toucans adapted to their different environments in the same way, developing similar traits. That makes them appear related.",
3153
        "The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species notes that the overwhelming majority of hornbills are not in danger of becoming extinct.",
3154
        "A hornbill named Zazu is the king's adviser and one of the characters in The Lion King franchise, voiced by Rowan Atkinson in the animated version and John Oliver in the live action version.",
3155
        "The Rhinoceros hornbill is the official state animal of Sarawak, a Malaysian state located in Borneo.",
3156
        "The great hornbill, is the official state bird of Kerala, an Indian state."
3157
    ],
3158
    "Horse": [
3159
        "Horseradish is a perennial plant of the family Brassicaceae (which also includes mustard, wasabi, broccoli, and cabbage).",
3160
        "Horseradish has been cultivated since ancient times.",
3161
        "Horseradish is probably indigenous to temperate Eastern Europe, where its Slavic name khren seemed to Augustin Pyramus de Candolle more primitive than any Western synonym.",
3162
        "According to Greek mythology, the Delphic Oracle told Apollo that the horseradish was worth its weight in gold.",
3163
        "Horseradish was known in Egypt in 1500 BC.",
3164
        "Pliny the Elder wrote about horseradish in his \"Natural History,\" an epic work of 37 volumes completed in AD 77, in which he observed that it healed sores, mange and ulcers.",
3165
        "The word horseradish is known in English from the 1590's. Despite the name, this plant is poisonous to horses.",
3166
        "By the mid-1800s, horseradish was naturalized in many northeastern regions, most notably around Boston. Formal cultivation of the plant began in the Midwest in 1850 and by the end of the century it became a booming industry for Illinois and Wisconsin farmers.",
3167
        "After World War II came to a close, commercial cultivation spread to California, where it remains a major crop today. However, Collinsville, Illinois, which supplies roughly 60% of the world's horseradish production, is recognized as the \"Horseradish Capital of the World,\" a designation celebrated each June with the International Horseradish Festival.",
3168
        "Horseradish is at its best in fall and winter. Like so many other root vegetables it stores well and is often available well into spring.",
3169
        "Horseradish grows up to 1.5 meters (4.9 feet) tall. Large, coarse, glossy green basal leaves arise from the large white root. Small white four-petaled flowers are borne in terminal or axillary racemes. The fruits are small oblong pods known as siliques and are tipped by a short persistent style.",
3170
        "The horseradish root possesses a potent flavor, commonly described as hot, spicy and peppery. Unlike hot peppers that burn the tongue, the intense spice of the horseradish is experienced through the nose and sinuses.",
3171
        "Undisturbed, the root doesn't have a strong smell or flavor. But crushing or grinding it produces isothiocyanates, which is what gives horseradish its flavor and heat.",
3172
        "There are only 48 calories in 100 grams (3.5 ounces) of horseradish.",
3173
        "Horseradish are a excellant source of dietary fiber, Vitamin C and folate. It is also a good source of calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc and Mmanganese. It is low in saturated fat, and very low in cholesterol.",
3174
        "The health benefits of horseradish include clear sinuses, antibiotic properties, detoxify the body, boosts immune system, healthy heart, lower blood pressure, supporting weight loss, stronger bones, stomach infections healthy digestion and cancer prevention.",
3175
        "Horseradish sauce made from grated horseradish root and vinegar is a popular condiment in Europe. It is usually served with roast meat.",
3176
        "In Serbia, horseradish is called ren is an essential condiment with cooked meat and freshly roasted suckling pig.",
3177
        "In parts of Southern Germany horseradish is called Kren and is an essential component of the traditional wedding dinner. It is served with cooked beef and a dip made from lingonberry to balance the slight hotness of the Kren.",
3178
        "In the US the term \"horseradish sauce\" refers to grated horseradish combined with mayonnaise or salad dressing.",
3179
        "Hrenovuha is a type of strong vodka, common in Ukraine and Russia. It has a bitter taste, being made from horseradish, often with different spices, such as pepper peas and garlic.",
3180
        "Horseradish ice cream doesn't sound very appealing, unless perhaps it's served with a nice medium-rare steak. However, that doesn't stop certain ice cream parlors around America from serving the flavor.",
3181
        "The Japanese condiment wasabi, although traditionally prepared from the true wasabi plant (Wasabia japonica), is sometimes made with horseradish due to the scarcity of the wasabi plant."
3182
    ],
3183
    "Hummingbird": [
3184
        "Hummingbirds are among the smallest of birds but they belong to one of the largest group of birds, the Trochilidae family.",
3185
        "Hummingbirds are found only in the Western Hemisphere, from southeastern Alaska to southern Chile, although most live in the tropical rain forests.",
3186
        "Hummingbird lifespan is 6 to 12 years in the wild but in captivity is up to 17 years.",
3187
        "The Hummingbird got their name because of the unique humming sound they make with their wings during flight. Each species creates a different humming sound, depending on the speed of its wing beats",
3188
        "There is a little more than 350 hummingbird species in the world.",
3189
        "The smallest is the bee hummingbird from Cuba is 5 centimeters (2 inches) tall and weighing less than a U.S. penny (2.5 g).",
3190
        "The largest is the giant hummingbird from South America is 22 centimeters (8.6 inches) tall and weighing from 18 to 24 grams (0.63 \u2013 0.85 oz).",
3191
        "Hummingbird bills come in different sizes and shapes, too. The bill protects the long, split tongue and allows each hummingbird species to feed from specific types of flowers.",
3192
        "Flowers need to pollinate and hummingbirds need the high-energy nectar the that flowers provide. They are the ideal solution to each other's needs.",
3193
        "Hummingbirds can consume up to 50% of their weight in sugar (nectar solution) each day. They usually feed on nectar and insects.",
3194
        "Hummingbirds are called nectarivorous, because about 90% of their diet is the nectar from flowers.",
3195
        "Hummingbirds come in all colors of the rainbow, and some of their feathers actually change color as they move in the light.",
3196
        "Because they are able to change the color of their feathers when they fly hummingbirds are known as \"the flying jewels\"",
3197
        "The hummingbirds are small but they are fearless, as it can outmaneuver everything unless taken by surprise. If a hummingbird sees a hawk or other bird that it doesn't want in its territory, it gives a high-pitched warning and starts doing dive attacks.",
3198
        "If we talk about flying, nobody does it better. Hummingbird is like helicopter, can go up, down, sideways, backward, and even upside down!",
3199
        "Many hummingbird species routinely migrate 800 kilometers (500 miles) or more every year.",
3200
        "But some hummingbird species live in the high altitudes of the Andes Mountains, where they encounter frost and snowfall. When it's especially cold, these hummers seek shelter in caves. Other species are found in cool and dry grasslands, forest lowlands, tropical rain forests, and even desert areas.",
3201
        "The rufous hummingbird migrates astonishing 4 thousands kilometers (3 thousands miles) from Mexico to Alaska, where it breeds during the summer.",
3202
        "Heart beat of hummingbird can reach a maximum of about 1200 beats per minute.",
3203
        "Hummingbirds are very smart, in fact a Hummingbird has the largest brain in the bird world in proportion to its body size.",
3204
        "Hummingbirds predators include other birds such as hawk, orioles and roadrunners, cats \u2013 both domestic and feral, dragonflies, preying mantis, crows, frogs, jays, mice, roadrunners, lizards, snakes, rats, and squirrels.",
3205
        "In the mid-1800s, hundreds of thousands of hummingbirds were killed for their feathers, and some species almost became extinct.",
3206
        "Habitat loss and destruction are the hummingbird's main threats. As hummingbirds are often specially adapted to each unique habitat, each species of hummingbird currently listed as vulnerable or endangered on the IUCN red list are all threatened due to habitat destruction and loss.",
3207
        "Global warming (climate changes) affects their migratory patterns and changes the normal behavior of hummingbirds.",
3208
        "After analyzing the data, the study concluded that the ancestors of modern hummingbirds existed about 42 million years ago in Eurasia, where hummingbird-like fossils have been found dating from 28 million to 34 million years ago."
3209
    ],
3210
    "Humpback Whale": [
3211
        "The humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) is a species of baleen whale.",
3212
        "Humpback whales live in both hemispheres making them to cross over the other side of the world during the feeding and breeding seasons.",
3213
        "The humpback whale has an average lifespan of 45\u201350 years.",
3214
        "The humpback whale is one of the bigger species of whale. Fully grown males average 13\u201314 m (43\u201346 ft). Females are slightly larger at 15\u201316 m (49\u201352 ft). Body mass typically is in the range of 25\u201330 metric tons (28\u201333 short tons), with large specimens weighing over 40 metric tons (44 short tons).",
3215
        "One of the most noticeable characteristics of humpback whales is their long flippers.",
3216
        "Humpback whales are so called because of the habit of raising and bending the back in preparation for a dive, accentuating the hump in front of the dorsal fin.",
3217
        "Humpback whales hunt by direct attack or by stunning prey by hitting the water with pectoral fins or flukes.",
3218
        "Humpback whales use a hunting technique known as bubble netting. Bubble netting takes a group effort and each whale plays a specific role in capturing fish. Some whales will swim around the fish and blow bubbles, which causes the fish to form into a tight group, while others make loud noises scaring the fish and causing them to move towards the surface of the water. Once the fish move to the surface they lunge towards the fish with their mouths open and try to eat as many as they possibly can.",
3219
        "An average-sized humpback whale will eat up to 1 thousands kilograms (3 thousands pounds) of plankton, krill and small, schooling fish each day during the feeding season.",
3220
        "Humpback whales actually have no teeth! They have baleen, filter-feeder system inside their mouths, to strain out water and keep in plankton, krill and small fish to swallow and eat.",
3221
        "A humpback whale has two blow holes on the top of its head.",
3222
        "Humpback whales make sounds to communicate, such as grunts, groans, \"thwops\", snorts and barks.",
3223
        "Humpback whales are known for their magical songs, which travel for great distances through the world's oceans.",
3224
        "Humpback whales make extensive seasonal migrations between high latitude summer feeding grounds and low latitude wintering grounds. Winters are spent mating and calving in warm sub-tropical waters, with an annual migration back to colder waters to feed.",
3225
        "Humpback whales travel great distances during their seasonal migration, the farthest migration of any mammal. The longest recorded migration was 18 thousands kilometers (11 thousands miles), with a trek from American Samoa to the Antarctic Peninsula.",
3226
        "Humpback whales have complicated courtship behaviours. Often, many males will surround a single female hitting each other in a competition to get close to her.",
3227
        "Mothers and their young swim close together, often touching one another with their flippers with what appear to be gestures of affection. Females nurse their calves for almost a year, though it takes far longer than that for a humpback whale to reach full adulthood.",
3228
        "Today there are at least 80 thousands humpback whales world-wide, however at one point these marine mammals were considered highly endangered due to excessive hunting and commercial whaling."
3229
    ],
3230
    "Hyena": [
3231
        "Hyenas are large, dog-like, carnivores.",
3232
        "Hyenas are not members of the dog or cat families. Instead, they are so unique that they have a family all their own, Hyaenidae.",
3233
        "Hyenas have an average lifespan of 12 years, but they can live up to 25 years.",
3234
        "There are four members of the Hyaenidae family: the striped hyena, the \"giggly\" spotted hyena, the brown hyena, and the aardwolf (it's a hyena, not a wolf).",
3235
        "Hyenas vary in size.",
3236
        "The largest are spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) with 1.2 to 1.8 meters (4 to 5.9 feet) in body length, and have a shoulder height of 77 to 81 centimeters (2.5 to 2.6 feet). They weigh 40 to 86 kilograms (88 to 190 pounds).",
3237
        "Brown hyenas (Hyaena brunnea) are the second largest, ranging from 130 to 160 centimeters (51 to 63 inches) long and weighing 34 to 72.6 kilograms (75 to 160 pounds)",
3238
        "The striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) is 100 to 115 centimeters (39 to 45 inches) long and 66 to 75 centimeters (26 to 30 inches) tall from paw to shoulder.Their tails add another 30 to 40 centimeters (12 to 16 inches) and they weigh from 26 to 41 kilograms (57 to 90 pounds).",
3239
        "Spotted hyenas are very social and live in groups called clans. Clans can have up to 80 members; Once thought to be solitary, striped hyenas actually live in small groups. However, they forage alone; Although often solitary in their habits, brown hyenas will form clans of up to 10 members; Aardwolves have often been mistaken for solitary animals. In fact, they live as monogamous pairs with their young.",
3240
        "Hyenas are primarily nocturnal animals, but sometimes venture from their lairs in the early-morning.",
3241
        "Spotted hyenas may kill as many as 95% of the animals they eat, while striped hyenas and brown hyenas are largely scavengers. Aardwolves are insectivores, and they mainly eat termites.",
3242
        "Hyenas use various sounds, postures and signals to communicate with each other.",
3243
        "Spotted hyenas \"laugh\" as a form of communication to relay excitement or frustration. This vocalization can often be heard during a hunt.",
3244
        "Matting typically happens outside of the clan. Non-related males and females will mate after a courtship that can last several days. Hyenas usually bear litters of two to four cubs, which, unlike the other two species, are born with their eyes open.",
3245
        "Female spotted hyenas are more muscular and more aggressive than their male counterparts. This is because the females have three times as much testosterone in their bodies. As a result, spotted hyena societies are matriarchal.",
3246
        "The hyena is Africa's most common large carnivore.",
3247
        "Despite their low diversity, hyenas are unique and vital components of most African ecosystems.",
3248
        "Hyenas and lions often fight over the same territories and hunt the same prey. This leads to fierce competition between the two animals. They steal each other's food and kill off the young of their enemies.",
3249
        "Hyenas have been on Earth for 24 million years.",
3250
        "The mongoose and the meerkat are the hyena's closest relatives.",
3251
        "A hyena's heart is twice as large as that of similar-sized mammals.",
3252
        "A spotted hyena can eat up to one third of its body weight at one meal.",
3253
        "Spotted hyenas can run up to 60 kilometers (37 miles) per hour.",
3254
        "Reputed to be cowardly and timid, the hyena can be bold and dangerous, attacking animals and humans.",
3255
        "Among hyenas, only the spotted and striped hyenas have been known to become man-eaters.",
3256
        "In ancient Egypt hyenas were domesticated and even eaten!",
3257
        "Maasai people of Kenya and Tanzania leave their dead to be consumed by hyenas instead of burying them.",
3258
        "Hyenas feature prominently in the folklore and mythology of human cultures with which they are sympatric (two species or populations exist in the same geographic area). Hyenas are commonly viewed as frightening and worthy of contempt, and are associated with witchcraft, because their body parts are used as ingredients in traditional medicine. In some cultures, hyenas are thought to influence people's spirits, rob graves, and steal livestock and children.",
3259
        "The size of an animal's frontal cortex is believed to be connected to its social intelligence, and hyenas have a frontal cortex on par with primates. A study done by Duke University showed that a captive pair of hyenas performed better at problem-solving and social cooperation than chimpanzees. Even more amazing is that during the study, the hyenas solved all the problems in silence, using only non-verbal signals for communication.",
3260
        "Hyenas are featured in Disney's animated features, such as Dumbo, Lady and the Tramp, Noah's Ark, Bedknobs and Broomsticks, and The Lion King.",
3261
        "The striped hyena is mentioned in the Bible."
3262
    ],
3263
    "Ibis": [
3264
        "The ibises are a group of long-legged wading birds.",
3265
        "There are 28 species of ibis.",
3266
        "Ibises inhabit in shallow lagoons, lakes, bays, and marshes and use their slender, down-curved bills to feed on small fishes and soft mollusks.",
3267
        "Ibises are medium-sized birds. They range in length from about 55 to 75 cm (22 to 30 inches).",
3268
        "Almost all species have bare spots, usually on the face or throat. Bald ibis have, as their name implies, bare heads.",
3269
        "White or black, brown or gray, or even a bright orange-red, the coloration of ibis feathers is related to their feeding behavior and habitat. The scarlet ibis is one of the most striking of all the ibis species. It gets its pink, orange, and reddish color from the rich source of pigments in the algae and small crustaceans it eats.",
3270
        "Most ibis species live in large flocks, feeding, resting, and preening throughout the day.",
3271
        "Ibises usually feed as a group, probing mud for food items, usually crustaceans (such as crayfish), small fish, and soft mollusks (such as snails), with various species also consuming earthworms, insect larvae, leeches, and frogs.",
3272
        "Breeding season for ibis varies, depending on the species and its habitat. Ibises usually breed in vast colonies, building compact stick nests low in bushes or trees and laying 3 to 5 eggs, usually dull white or mottled with brown.",
3273
        "After hatching, the chicks are covered in gray, brown, or black down; bald ibis chicks have gray hair-like feathers on their head until they become fully mature at two years of age.",
3274
        "\"Ibis\" derives from the Latin and Ancient Greek word for this group of birds.",
3275
        "Ibis have also helped humans all over the world. These birds rid gardens and crops of insects and other small animals that are harmful to plants.",
3276
        "Despite these values, loss of habitat, such as the decline of wetlands, and other threats have lead to six species being threatened, including one that is Endangered and three that are Critically Endangered. The critically endangered giant ibis, for example, has a population perhaps of less than 250 birds.",
3277
        "According to Josephus, Moses used the ibis to help him defeat the Ethiopians.",
3278
        "According to local legend in the Birecik area, the northern bald ibis was one of the first birds that Noah released from the Ark as a symbol of fertility, and a lingering religious sentiment in Turkey helped the colonies there to survive long after the demise of the species in Europe.",
3279
        "At the town of Hermopolis, ibises were reared specifically for sacrificial purposes and in the serapeum at aqqara, archaeologists found the mummies of one and a half million ibises and hundreds of thousands of falcons.",
3280
        "The African sacred ibis was an object of religious veneration in ancient Egypt, particularly associated with the deity Djehuty or otherwise commonly referred to in Greek as Thoth. He is responsible for writing, mathematics, measurement and time as well as the moon and magic. In artworks of the Late Period of Ancient Egypt, Thoth is popularly depicted as an ibis-headed man in the act of writing.",
3281
        "The mascot of the University of Miami is an American white ibis named Sebastian."
3282
    ],
3283
    "Iguana": [
3284
        "Iguanas are a types of lizards.",
3285
        "Iguanas have strong jaws with razor-sharp teeth and sharp tails, which make up half their body length and can be used as whips to drive off predators.",
3286
        "Iguanas usually prefer to live alone.",
3287
        "The longest of the iguanas is the green iguana. It grows to between 1.5 to 2 meters (5 and 7 feet) long from nose to tail.",
3288
        "The heaviest iguana is the blue iguana. It can weigh up to 14 kilograms (30 lbs.)",
3289
        "The smallest of the group is the spiny-tailed iguana, which grows to 12.5 to 100 centimeters (4.9 to 39 inches) long.",
3290
        "Different iguana species look and act so differently, you might not recognize them as members of the same family.",
3291
        "Variety of habitats made each iguana species has its own unique adaptations.",
3292
        "For example the marine iguana of the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands is a skillful swimmer, and its black coloration help it to warm its body after swimming in the cold ocean. In contrast, the green iguana is at home high in the trees of a tropical rain forest.",
3293
        "Iguanas are mainly herbivorous, meaning they mostly eat plants. Specifically, they are folivores (an animal that feeds on leaves). In the wild, they feed almost entirely on the leaves of trees and vines, plus some fruits or flowers that are not readily available to pet owners.",
3294
        "The marine iguana of the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands dives in the ocean to scrape algae from rocks.",
3295
        "Iguanas' natural predators are: hawks, owls, foxes, weasels, snakes and humans.",
3296
        "In Central America, where iguana meat is frequently consumed, iguanas are referred to as \"bamboo chicken\" or \"chicken of the trees.\"",
3297
        "Green iguanas are bred and raised on farms in Central and South America to be eaten by people.",
3298
        "Iguana's are very independent, curious, and sometimes territorial aggressive creatures.",
3299
        "Most male iguanas are extremely territorial, fighting viciously with any other males that venture into their territory.",
3300
        "The exception is the marine iguanas of the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands, which sleep or sunbathe in large groups without conflict.",
3301
        "The females of most iguana species lay all of their eggs in a hole they dig in the ground called a burrow.",
3302
        "After a female iguana lays her eggs, she never returns to the hole.",
3303
        "On their own, iguana hatchlings face many dangers.",
3304
        "The word \"iguana\" is derived from the original Taino name for the species, iwana.",
3305
        "Green Iguanas have a white photosensory organ on top of their heads, that's nicknamed a \"third eye\". This eye doesn't function like a regular eye because it doesn't have a lens. The iguana can't technically see out of the eye, but it can sense movement, and changes in light. The eye is very helpful to iguanas, as they can spy on predators who could attack from above.",
3306
        "Marine iguana will only stay submerged for a few minutes, but they have been known to stay underwater for periods as long as 45 minutes before resurfacing to breathe.",
3307
        "Marine iguanas sneeze \ud83d\ude42 They sneeze because while they eat they swallow saltwater. Once they are back up on land they need to get rid of all that salt. They do that with the help of their salt-excreting glands. As they sneeze, out comes the saltwater.",
3308
        "Iguanas are among the most popular reptile pets.",
3309
        "Iguanas are among the world's most endangered animals. The threats they face include severe habitat degradation by human development and invasive species, as well as harvesting for human use. Because iguanas are important seed dispersers for many native plants, their protection is vital to ecosystem health."
3310
    ],
3311
    "Impala": [
3312
        "The impala is a medium-sized antelope.",
3313
        "The impala live in woodland which contains little undergrowth and low to medium height grassland. Also a close source of water is desired, however is not needed when there is abundance of grass.",
3314
        "The average lifespan of an impala is from 13 to 15 years in the wild and up to 17 in captivity.",
3315
        "The impala reaches from 70 to 92 centimeters (28\u201336 inches) at the shoulder and weighs from 40 to 76 kg (88\u2013168 lb).",
3316
        "Impalas are diurnal and spend the night ruminating and lying down. The peak activity times for social activity and herd movement are shortly after dawn and before dusk.",
3317
        "The impala displays two characteristic leaps \u2013 it can jump up to 3 meters (9.8 ft), over vegetation and even other impala, covering distances of up to 10 metres (33 ft); the other type of leap involves a series of jumps in which the animal lands on its forelegs, moves its hind legs mid-air in a kicking fashion, lands on all fours and then rebounds.",
3318
        "Impalas make seasonal migrations from high to lower ground according to the availability of suitable food.",
3319
        "Impalas are herbivores, which means they only eat vegetation. They can eat a number of different plant species, depending on what specific area they inhabit and the season. Impalas are known as mixed feeders, they are physically able to both graze and browse, depending on food availability. In the wet season, impala prefer to graze on young, lush grasses; in the dry season, they will browse on shrubs.",
3320
        "Impalas are ruminants. Ruminants are animals that chew and regurgitate their food more than once, and digest it multiple times in different stomachs.",
3321
        "The impala is an important prey species for several carnivores, such as cheetahs, leopards and lions.",
3322
        "The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) classifies the impala as a species of least concern overall.",
3323
        "The first attested English name, in 1802, was palla or pallah, from the Tswana phala 'red antelope'; the name impala, also spelled impalla or mpala, is first attested in 1875.",
3324
        "The impala is the most abundant ruminant in the savannas of eastern and southern Africa."
3325
    ],
3326
    "Insects": [
3327
        "Insects are small animals with a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae.",
3328
        "Insects live in just about every habitat on Earth, from the sands of hot deserts to cold snowy mountain streams. Most insects live on land, in fact about 97% do.",
3329
        "Insects are divided into two main groups: the wingless insects like bristletails and silverfish; and the winged insects like dragonflies, cockroaches, grasshoppers, stick insects, beetles, flies, butterflies, and bees.",
3330
        "All insects are cold-blooded.",
3331
        "The lifespans of most insects are shorter than a year. With an average life of one to 24 hours, mayflies are the insect with the shortest life span. Termite queens have the longest lifespan of any insect in the world, with some queens living up to 50 years.",
3332
        "Adult insects can range in size from only 0.139 milometers (0.0055 inches) in wairyflies to 60 centimeters (2 feet) in stick insects [photo below]. The largest insects can weigh up to 70 grams (2.5 ounces).",
3333
        "All insects have sense organs that allow them to see, smell, taste, hear, and touch their environment.",
3334
        "The main sense organs of most insects are the antennae (feelers) on their heads. These often long and slender projections are covered with tiny sensitive hairs. Functions may variously include sensing touch, air motion, heat, vibration (sound), and especially smell or taste.",
3335
        "Instead of lungs, insects breathe with a network of tiny tubes called tracheae. Air enters the tubes through a row of holes along an insect's abdomen. The air then diffuses down the blind-ended tracheae.",
3336
        "Adult insects typically move about by walking, flying or sometimes swimming.",
3337
        "Many insects are camouflaged, so that predators do not see them. Some species are armed with stingers or foul-tasting poison. Many of these have bright colors, such as black-and-yellow stripes, to warn enemies away.",
3338
        "Insects are mostly solitary, but some, such as certain bees, ants and termites, are social and live in large, well-organized colonies.",
3339
        "Insects have many different ways of communicating. They communicate through touch with their antennae and mouths; visually through combinations of flashes of light and combinations of colour; they make sounds to attract others of their own species or to send out signals to other species; and by smell: they produce chemicals called pheromones to send signals to within a species and chemicals called allomones for the warning signals that insects send out to other species.",
3340
        "Many adult insects die off in winter. Their eggs or young survive in sheltered places and emerge in spring. Some insects survive the cold by hibernating. Others, such as monarch butterflies [photo below], migrate long distances to avoid the winter chill.",
3341
        "Insects eat a huge range of foods. Around half are plant-eaters, feeding on leaves, roots, seeds, nectar, or wood. There are insects that eat other insects, and some even drink blood. And some insects will eat whatever scraps of food you leave lying around.",
3342
        "Some insects get enough water from their food, be it moist plants or goo-filled prey, but others do need to drink water! They don't need much, however: a simple raindrop will do.",
3343
        "Depending on the species, insects may reproduce either sexually or asexually.",
3344
        "Most insects take little or no care of their young, but social insects are an exception.",
3345
        "Insects evolved from a group of crustaceans. They were the first animals to develop flight, about 400 million years ago in the Devonian period. The oldest definitive insect fossil, Rhyniognatha hirsti, is estimated to be 407 to 396 million years old.",
3346
        "All bugs are insects, but not all insects are bugs. Not every insect is a bug. Strictly speaking, \"bugs\" are an order of insects called Hemiptera.",
3347
        "Spiders are not insects.",
3348
        "There are about 1.4 billion insects for every person on Earth. The total weight of all the insects is about 70 times as much as all the people.",
3349
        "In some cultures, insects, especially deep-fried cicadas, are considered to be delicacies, whereas in other places they form part of the normal diet."
3350
    ],
3351
    "Irish Setter": [
3352
        "The Irish Setter is a setter, a breed of gundog, and family dog.",
3353
        "The Irish setter is noted for being good-tempered, intelligent, and swift in the field.",
3354
        "The average lifespan for an Irish Setter is about 12 to 15 years.",
3355
        "Irish Setters range in height from 61 to 71 cm (24 to 28 inches), males weigh 29 to 34 kg (65 to 75 lb) and females 25 to 29 kg (55 to 65 lb).",
3356
        "The Irish Setter was developed in early 18th-century Ireland to locate birds for the hunter.",
3357
        "Irish Setters are a tireless, wide-ranging hunter, and well-suited to fields and wet or dry moorland terrain. Using their excellent sense of smell to locate the mark (or bird), the Irish Setter will then hold a pointing position, indicating the direction in which the bird lies hidden.",
3358
        "The breed standard for the modern Irish Setter was first drawn up by the Irish Red Setter Club in Dublin and approved on 29 March 1886.",
3359
        "The Irish Setter was brought to the United States in the early 19th century.",
3360
        "This breed was one of the first 9 breeds to gain early AKC-recognition in 1878. Along with the English setter and Gordon setter, the Irish setter was well on its way to becoming a popular dog breed in the United States for hunting and companionship.",
3361
        "During the 1970's, the Irish Setter was among the most popular breeds in America.",
3362
        "Irish Setters love to be around people and are great with kids.",
3363
        "Though they are usually alert to their surroundings, Irish Setters are not well-suited as guard dogs, as they are not a naturally assertive breed.",
3364
        "Irish Setters are also widely used as therapy dogs in schools and hospitals. Therapy dogs are permitted in hospitals with special permission and can visit patients on the assigned floors. In schools the dogs may be used to create a calming and relaxed environment. A child may read to a dog without being corrected or judged.",
3365
        "Irish Bus, also known as Bus \u00c9ireann, the national bus company in Ireland, uses the Irish Setter as its corporate logo."
3366
    ],
3367
    "Jack Russell": [
3368
        "The Jack Russell Terrier is a breed of terrier developed in England.",
3369
        "About the size of a fox, the Jack Russell Terrier stands 30 to 35 centimeters (12 to 14 inches) tall and weighs 6 to 8 kilograms (13 to 17 pounds).",
3370
        "The Jack Russell Terrier has a double coat \u2014 predominantly white with black, tan, or black-and-tan markings \u2014 that is harsh and weatherproof and may be either rough and wiry, broken (intermediate), or smooth.",
3371
        "The average lifespan of the Jack Russell Terrier is 13 to 16 years.",
3372
        "The Jack Russell Terrier was developed in the 19th century for hunting foxes both above and below ground.",
3373
        "Many breeds can claim heritage to the early Jack Russell Terrier of this period, including the Brazilian Terrier, Japanese Terrier, Miniature Fox Terrier, Ratonero Bodeguero Andaluz, Rat Terrier, and Tenterfield Terrier.",
3374
        "Following World War II, the requirement for hunting dogs drastically declined, and with it the numbers of Jack Russell terriers. The dogs were increasingly used as family and companion dogs.",
3375
        "Due to their working nature, Jack Russell Terriers remain much as they were some 200 years ago.",
3376
        "Jack Russells have appeared many times in film, television, and print \u2013 with several historical dogs of note.",
3377
        "Nipper was a dog born in 1884 who was thought to be a dog of the Jack Russell terrier type. He was the inspiration for the painting Dog looking at and listening to a Phonograph, later renamed to His Master's Voice. The painting was used by a variety of music related companies including The Gramophone Company, EMI, the Victor Talking Machine Company, and RCA. Today it remains in use incorporated into the logo for HMV in the UK and Europe."
3378
    ],
3379
    "Jackal": [
3380
        "Jackal is a member of a canine family, which also includes the wolf and dog.",
3381
        "Jackals are native to Southeastern Europe, Asia, and Africa.",
3382
        "There are three species of jackals: Golden jackal, Side-striped jackal and Black-backed jackal.",
3383
        "The golden jackal lives in open savannas, deserts, and arid grasslands. Side-striped jackals are found in moist savannas, marshes, bushlands, and mountains. The black-backed\u2014also called sliver-backed\u2014jackal lives primarily in savannas and woodlands.",
3384
        "Jackals have a lifespan of between 8 and 10 years in the wild and up to 16 years in captivity.",
3385
        "Jackals vary in size and color depending on species, however, they generally measure 38 \u2013 51 centimeters (15 \u2013 20 inches) high at the shoulder, have a body length of 70 \u2013 86 centimeters (27 \u2013 34 inches) and weigh between 7 \u2013 16 kilograms (15 \u2013 35 pounds).",
3386
        "Body of jackal is covered with golden, rust or silver-colored black fur. Jackals have bushy tail.",
3387
        "Jackals can best be described as opportunistic omnivores. They hunt small mammals, bird, reptiles and amphibians, scavenge from kills made by larger animals, and will eat insects, fruit and plants.",
3388
        "Jackals live singly or in pairs, and are sometimes found in small packs. Life in pack ensures protection against predators and ensures cooperative hunt which results in killing of the larger prey. But their most common social unit is a monogamous pair.",
3389
        "Jackals are very territorial and monogamous pairs will fiercely defend their territory from intruders.",
3390
        "Jackals are very vocal and communicate with each other using a loud yell or yap, growls and high pitched howls, particularly when prey is located.",
3391
        "Jackals are monogamous, meaning they mate for life. The female Jackal has a gestation period of 8 to 9 weeks (2 months) after which a litter of usually 2 to 4 pups is born. Cubs are born in a hidden underground den, rock crevices or caves. Mother changes location of the den every two weeks to prevent large predators from finding her cubs.",
3392
        "Leopards, hyenas and eagles are jackals' most feared predators. Eagles are small pups biggest threat.",
3393
        "Certain populations of jackals are endangered due to habitat loss and killing.",
3394
        "The intermediate size and shape of the Ethiopian wolf has at times led it to be regarded as a jackal, thus it has been called the \"red jackal\" or the \"Simien jackal\", but it has more often been considered and called a \"wolf\".",
3395
        "Jackals can sprint at 65 km/h (40 mph) maximum.",
3396
        "Like foxes and coyotes, jackals are often depicted as clever sorcerers in the myths and legends of their regions.",
3397
        "The jackal (likely the golden jackal, given its present range) is mentioned approximately 14 times in the Bible. It is frequently used as a literary device to illustrate desolation, loneliness and abandonment, with reference to its habit of living in the ruins of former cities and other areas abandoned by humans.",
3398
        "The ancient Egyptians believed a jackal-headed god, Anubis, guided the dead to those who judged their souls.",
3399
        "Serer religion and creation myth posits the jackal was among the first animals created by Roog, the supreme deity of the Serer people.",
3400
        "Literature in India and Pakistan compares jackal with lion in terms of courage. A famous saying is \"One day life of a lion is better than a hundred years life of a jackal (Tipu Sultan)\"."
3401
    ],
3402
    "Jaguar": [
3403
        "The jaguar (Panthera onca) is the largest cat in the Americas and the third-largest in the world (after the lion and tiger).",
3404
        "At one time jaguars roamed all the way to the US-Mexico border, but jaguars are now only occasionally sighted in Texas and Arizona. Today significant numbers of jaguars are found only in remote regions of South and Central America\u2014particularly in the Amazon Basin.",
3405
        "The Jaguar is commonly found in rain forests, savannahs, and swamps, but at the northern end of its territory it may enter scrub country and even deserts.",
3406
        "The jaguar has a compact body, a broad head and powerful jaws.",
3407
        "The jaguar stands 63 to 76 centimeters (25 to 30 inches) tall at the shoulders.",
3408
        "Typical lifespan in the wild is estimated at around 12\u201315 years; in captivity, the jaguar lives up to 23 years, placing it among the longest-lived cats.",
3409
        "The jaguar is a solitary animal and lives and hunts alone; they only meet up to mate.",
3410
        "To keep other jaguars at bay, they mark their territory with urine or by marking trees with their claws. Their territories can be up to 80 square kilometers (30 square miles).",
3411
        "Jaguars like to remain hidden when they sleep. They typically find an area that is surrounded by trees. A jaguar may even sleep in a tree. Jaguars also rest in areas of tall grass.",
3412
        "The jaguar is often described as nocturnal, but is more specifically crepuscular (peak activity around dawn and dusk).",
3413
        "Jaguars are carnivores, which means they eat only meat.",
3414
        "Jaguars are known to eat deer, peccary, crocodiles, snakes, monkeys, sloths, tapirs, turtles, eggs, frogs, fish and anything else they can catch.",
3415
        "Jaguars are considered a stalk and ambush predator and are not meant to run over long distances but prefer to surprise unsuspecting prey. They hunts mostly on the ground, but it sometimes climbs a tree and pounces on its prey from above.",
3416
        "Unlike most cats, which kill their prey by grabbing the throat and suffocating it, the jaguar kills by piercing its prey's skull or neck with one swift bite \u2013 demonstrating the amazing strength of its powerful jaws and impressive teeth.",
3417
        "The jaguar has the strongest bite force of any cat and the strongest bite of any mammal. With that bite force, jaguars will crunch down on bones and eat them. In fact, in the zoo, bones are part of a jaguars' regular diet.",
3418
        "The jaguar can run in excess of 103 kilometers (64 miles) per hour or over short distances.",
3419
        "Unlike many other cats, jaguars do not avoid water; in fact, they are quite good swimmers.",
3420
        "Jaguars have no defined breeding season and will mate any time of year. After a gestation period of about 100 days, the female will give birth to a litter of 1 to 4 cubs. Cubs are blind at birth and they depend on their mother in the first few months of their life completely.",
3421
        "It is estimated that there are now only around 15 thousands jaguars left in the wild and conservation is centering on the establishment of protected national park areas which may serve to reduce the decline of the jaguars' natural habitat. It is listed on Appendix I of CITES and as 'near threatened' by IUCN.",
3422
        "The name jaguar comes from the Native American word yaguar, which means \"he who kills with one leap.\"",
3423
        "In pre-Columbian Central and South America, the jaguar was a symbol of power and strength.",
3424
        "In some traditions the Jaguar God of the Night was the formidable lord of the underworld.",
3425
        "Melanistic or all black jaguars occur due to a genetic mutation. This mutation causes the skin and fur to contain larger amounts of a dark pigment. Only from the close distance, characteristic spots could be seen.",
3426
        "The difference between jaguar's and leopard's fur lies in the center of the Jaguars rosettes, because unlike the leopard, the Jaguar has spots inside of its rosettes!",
3427
        "Jaguars can see six times better than humans at night or during darker conditions due to a layer of tissue in the back of the eye that reflects light.",
3428
        "Jaguars will dip their tails into the water to lure fish, much like a fishing line.",
3429
        "The jaguar and its name are widely used as a symbol in contemporary culture.",
3430
        "Jaguar is widely used as a product name, most prominently for a British luxury car brand."
3431
    ],
3432
    "Jellyfish": [
3433
        "Jellyfish or jellies are marine invertebrates of of the phylum Cnidaria.",
3434
        "Jellyfish are not fish and they are related to corals and anemones.",
3435
        "Jellyfish have roamed the seas for at least 500 million years, and possibly 700 million years or more, making them the oldest multi-organ animal.",
3436
        "Jellyfish are found in every ocean, from the surface to the deep sea. They are even found in some freshwater lakes and ponds.",
3437
        "Most jellyfish are found in warm, shallow coastal waters, but there are a few species that live in the cold depths of 30 thousands feet.",
3438
        "There are about 2 thousands different jellyfish species that have been identified.",
3439
        "Those 2 thousands jellyfish species can be divided into four different groups: Scyphozoa , Staurozoa, Cubozoa and Hydrozoa.",
3440
        "There are over 200 species of Scyphozoa (sometimes called true jellyfish, though they are no more truly jellyfish than the others), about 50 species of Staurozoa (stalked jellyfish), about 20 species of Cubozoa (box jellyfish), and the Hydrozoa includes about 1000\u20131500 species that produce medusae (there are many more hydrozoan species that do not produce medusae).",
3441
        "Jellyfish lifespans typically range from a few hours to several months; there are some indications that deep sea species may live on the order of years.",
3442
        "An unusual Turritopsis dohrnii, the immortal jellyfish, is a species of small, biologically immortal jellyfish found in the Mediterranean Sea and in the waters of Japan. The immortal jellyfish is able to cycle from a mature adult back to an immature polyp stage a limitless number of times meaning that it appears to be impossible for it to die of old age.",
3443
        "Most jellyfish range from 1 centimeter (0.4 inch) wide to about 40 centimeters (16 inches), though the smallest are just one millimeter wide!",
3444
        "The lion's mane jellyfish (Cyanea capillata), also known as the giant jellyfish or the hair jelly, is the largest known species of jellyfish. The largest recorded specimen found, washed up on the shore of Massachusetts Bay in 1870, had a bell with a diameter of 2.3 metres (7 ft 6 in) and tentacles 37.0 meters (121.4 feet) long; At 37.0 meters (121.4 feet) it was longer than a blue whale and is considered one of the longest known animals in the world.",
3445
        "Some jellyfish are clear, but others are in vibrant colors such as pink, yellow, blue, and purple, and often are luminescent.",
3446
        "Many jellyfish have bioluminescent organs, which emit light. This light may help them in a number of different ways, like attracting prey or distracting predators.",
3447
        "Only about five percent of the body of a jellyfish is solid matter; the rest is water.",
3448
        "While jellyfish do not have a brain or a heart, they have an elementary nervous system with receptors that detect light, vibrations, and chemicals in the water. These abilities, along with the sense of gravity, allow the jellyfish to orient and guide itself in the water.",
3449
        "The box jellyfish is unique because it has 24 eyes, four parallel brains, and 60 anal regions. Two of its eyes can see color. It is also one of the animals in the world that has a 360-degree view of its surroundings.",
3450
        "Jellyfish don't breathe in a typical fashion, as they have no respiratory system; their ultra-thin membranes are able to diffuse oxygen into their cells from the water around them. Because of their physical makeup, jellyfish actually require much less oxygen than many other sea creatures.",
3451
        "Jellyfish use stinging cells on their tentacles to both capture food and protect themselves from predators. These stinging cells penetrate flesh like minuscule darts and remain active even after the animal is dead.",
3452
        "Jellyfish are passive carnivorous, feeding on plankton, crustaceans, fish eggs, small fish and other jellyfish.",
3453
        "When the jellyfish has eaten and digested the prey, the waste is released through this same hole, or \"mouth.\"",
3454
        "The umbrella-like bodies of jellyfish allow them to pulse their way around the water. This unique movement is called passive energy recapture, and makes jellyfish the most energy efficient swimmers, allowing them to travel 30 percent farther per swimming cycle than they otherwise would be able to.",
3455
        "The jellyfish's main defense mechanisms are its stings and its transparent body, which makes it easy for it to hide.",
3456
        "Despite their poisonous defenses, jellyfish have many predators. Sharks, tuna, swordfish, sea turtles, and even salmon have been known to prey upon the jellyfish.",
3457
        "A group of jellyfish is called a bloom, a swarm, or a smack. A large bloom can contain 100 thousands jellyfish.",
3458
        "Environmental stress may increase jellyfish swarms. Jellyfish are one of the very few creatures that can adapt to ocean dead zones, or zones where there is little oxygen and lots of pollution. There are over 400 marine dead zones in the world",
3459
        "Jellyfish are aggressive colonizers. Eight years after comb jellyfish were introduced into the Black Sea in 1982, they totaled about 900 million tons. Jellyfish have caused $350 million in losses to the Black Sea's fishing and tourism industries.",
3460
        "Approximately 70 jellyfish species can hurt people; the box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri) [photo below] being the most dangerous and the most venomous marine creature, it can kill a person in just a couple of minutes.",
3461
        "On average, jellyfish kill more people than sharks do.",
3462
        "Crabs have sometimes been seen hitching a ride on a jellyfish. The hard, outer shell of the crab protects it from the jellyfish's sting. The crab also usually catches a little of the food the jellyfish traps.",
3463
        "Fishermen harvest jellyfish for their collagen, which has many medical uses including the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.",
3464
        "The Chinese have fished jellyfish for 1 thousands years. They are considered a delicacy and are used in Chinese medicine.",
3465
        "Jellyfish have been responsible for temporarily shutting down a nuclear power plant in Japan after becoming stuck in its cooling system.",
3466
        "Contrary to popular belief, urinating on a jellyfish sting is ineffective. Instead, the best thing to do is get out of the water immediately, and wash the affected with salt water (NOT fresh water). Salt water will deactivate the stinging cells, while fresh or tap water will reactivate them. The best way to remove the cells is with something such as a credit card.",
3467
        "An adult jellyfish is named a \"medusa\", after the Greek monster Medusa that had snake for hair."
3468
    ],
3469
    "Kakapo": [
3470
        "The kakapo also called owl parrot is a species of large, flightless, nocturnal, ground-dwelling parrot.",
3471
        "With a face like an owl, a posture like a penguin, and a walk like a duck, the extraordinarily tame and gentle kakapo is one of strangest and rarest birds on Earth.",
3472
        "Heaviest of the world's parrots, the 64-cm (25-inch) kakapo weighs up to 6 kg (13 pounds) and has moss-coloured green-and-brown plumage, a long, rounded tail, and a stout, blunt, pale yellow bill.",
3473
        "The kakapo has a well-developed sense of smell, which complements its nocturnal lifestyle.",
3474
        "Like many other parrots, kakapo have a variety of calls. As well as the booms and chings of their mating calls, they will often loudly skraark.",
3475
        "Females nest in holes in the ground. The female kakapo lays 1\u20134 eggs per breeding cycle, with several days between eggs. She nests on the ground under the cover of plants or in cavities such as hollow tree trunks.",
3476
        "The female incubates the eggs faithfully, but is forced to leave them every night in search of food. Predators are known to eat the eggs, and the embryos inside can also die of cold in the mother's absence. Kakapo eggs usually hatch within 30 days, bearing fluffy grey chicks that are quite helpless. After the eggs hatch, the female feeds the chicks for three months, and the chicks remain with the female for some months after fledging.",
3477
        "The kakapo only breed every 2 to 4 years when rimu trees produce a bumper crop of fruit, and even when they do mate, less than 50 percent of the eggs are fertile, likely because of inbreeding.",
3478
        "Kakapo means 'night parrot' in the Maori language.",
3479
        "Like many other New Zealand bird species, the kakapo was historically important to M\u0101ori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, appearing in many of their traditional legends and folklore \u2013 however it was also heavily hunted and used as a resource by M\u0101ori, both for its meat as a food source and for its feathers, which were used to make highly valued pieces of clothing. Kakapo were also occasionally kept as pets.",
3480
        "Before the arrival of humans, the kakapo was distributed throughout both main islands of New Zealand.",
3481
        "In Fiordland, areas of avalanche and slip debris with regenerating and heavily fruiting vegetation \u2013 such as five finger, wineberry, bush lawyer, tutu, hebes, and coprosmas \u2013 became known as \"kakapo gardens\".",
3482
        "The kakapo is critically endangered \u2013 the total known adult population is about 200 living individuals, all of which are named and tagged, confined to four small islands off the coast of New Zealand that have been cleared of predators.",
3483
        "The introduction of predators such as cats, rats, ferrets, and stoats during British colonisation almost wiped out the kakapo.",
3484
        "Conservation efforts began in the 1890s, but they were not very successful until the implementation of the Kakapo Recovery Programme in 1995.",
3485
        "The conservation of the kakapo has made the species well known. Many books and documentaries detailing the plight of the kakapo have been produced in recent years.",
3486
        "Today, most kakapo are kept on two predator-free islands, Codfish / Whenua Hou and Anchor, where they are closely monitored, and Little Barrier / Hauturu Island is being trialled as a third home for thespecies."
3487
    ],
3488
    "Kangaroo": [
3489
        "The word kangaroo stems from an Aboriginal language (Guugu Yimidhirr). The Aboriginal word gangurru described the Grey Kangaroo.",
3490
        "Kangaroos are marsupial animals that are found in Australia as well as New Guinea.",
3491
        "The average lifespan of the kangaroo in the wild is eight to 12 years and up to 20 years in captivity.",
3492
        "Kangaroos are social and live in groups called a mob, a herd or a troop.",
3493
        "There are four different kangaroo species, the red kangaroo, eastern grey kangaroo, western grey kangaroo and antilopine kangaroo.",
3494
        "The largest kangaroo is the red kangaroo.The length from the red kangaroo's head to its rump is 1 to 1.6 meters (3.25 to 5.25 feet) long. Its tail adds another 90 to 110 centimeters (35.5 to 43.5 inches) to its length and its entire body weighs around 90 kilograms (200 lbs).",
3495
        "Kangaroo can leap the distance of 9 meters (30 feet) and 3 meters (10 feet) in height.",
3496
        "Kangaroos can hop around quickly on two legs or walk around slowly on all four.",
3497
        "Kangaroos can't walk backwards.",
3498
        "Kangaroos are excellent swimmers. When they swim, they are able to move their hind legs separately.",
3499
        "Kangaroos are herbivores. They eat grasses, flowers, leaves, ferns, moss and even insects. Like cows, kangaroos regurgitate their food and re-chew it before it is ready to be totally digested.",
3500
        "Kangaroo spends a lot of time in eating, because of the low nutritional value of the plants. They are able to absorb the water from the food and they drink water rarely.",
3501
        "Kangaroos carry their young in a pouch. A female kangaroo is pregnant for 21 to 38 days, and she can give birth usually to one young, but sometimes up to four, depending on species.",
3502
        "Baby kangaroos are known as 'joeys'.When the joey is born, it is guided safely into the comfy pouch, where it gestates for another 120 to 450 days.",
3503
        "Mother kangaroo is able to suckle two joeys at different developmental stages at the same time with milk that has different nutritional content.",
3504
        "Kangaroo are feisty animals. They fight within the group for dominance. They can also attack non-kangaroo species by using short front limbs with sharp claws and strong hind legs.",
3505
        "The kangaroo has a few predators including the dingo, foxes and eagles. It should be noted, however, that it is only baby kangaroos that are eaten by foxes and eagles.",
3506
        "When being attacked kangaroos will sometimes get in the water and try to drown their predator.",
3507
        "There are more kangaroos than humans in Australia. They are the national symbol of Australia and appear on postage stamps, coins, and aeroplanes."
3508
    ],
3509
    "Killer Whale": [
3510
        "The killer whale or orca (Orcinus orca) is a toothed whale and the member of the dolphin family.",
3511
        "Killer whales most widely distributed marine mammals, found in all parts of the oceans.",
3512
        "Killer whales are the largest extant members of the dolphin family. Males typically range from 6 to 8 meters (20 to 26 feet) long and weigh in excess of 6 tonnes (6.6 short tons). Females are smaller, generally ranging from 5 to 7 meters (16 to 23 feet) and weighing about 3 to 4 tonnes (3.3 to 4.4 short tons).",
3513
        "The largest killer whale on record was 9.8 meters (32 feet) long, weighing 10 tonnes (11 short tons).",
3514
        "The general body shape of a killer whale is roughly cylindrical but tapering at both ends. This characteristic fusiform shape is quite energy efficient for swimming.characteristic fusiform shape is quite energy efficient for swimming.",
3515
        "Each lobe of the two-lobed tail is called a fluke. A large male killer whale may have tail flukes measuring 2.75 meters (9 feet) from tip to tip.",
3516
        "Killer whales have a large dorsal fin up to 1.8 meters (5.9 feet) tall. Like the keel of a boat, the dorsal fin may help stabilize a killer whale as it swims at high speeds, but a fin is not essential to a whale's balance.",
3517
        "A killer whales uses its rounded, paddlelike pectoral flippers to steer and, with the help of the flukes, to stop. A killer whale's pectoral flipper contains 5 digits much like the fingers on a human hand.",
3518
        "A killer whale's skin is smooth. The outer layer continually and rapidly renews itself, and the old skin sloughs off. Smooth skin increases swimming efficiency.",
3519
        "Killer whales engage in frequent behaviour at the surface such as breaching (jumping completely out of the water) and tail-slapping. These activities may have a variety of purposes, such as courtship, communication, dislodging parasites, or play.",
3520
        "The killer whale's large size and strength make it among the fastest marine mammals, able to reach speeds in excess of 56 kilometer (35 miles) per hour.",
3521
        "Killer whales depend heavily on underwater sound for orientation, feeding, and communication. They produce three categories of sounds: clicks, whistles, and pulsed calls. Clicks are believed to be used primarily for navigation and discriminating prey and other objects in the surrounding environment, but are also commonly heard during social interactions.",
3522
        "Killer whales have a diverse diet, although individual populations often specialize in particular types of prey. Some feed exclusively on fish, while others hunt marine mammals such as seals, dugongs and dolphins.",
3523
        "On average, a killer whale eats 227 kilograms (500 lb) each day.",
3524
        "Adult killer whales give birth to a single baby (only once were twins recorded) about every 5 years. They start breeding at about 15 years of age. Gestation varies from 15 to 18 months. Babies nurse for about one year.",
3525
        "Although the exact number of killer whales in the oceans is unknown, scientists estimate that the population is at least 50 thousands individuals.",
3526
        "There is no record of a wild killer whale ever attacking a human.",
3527
        "Killer whales have the second-heaviest brains among animals (after sperm whales, which have the largest brain of any animal).",
3528
        "Killer whales are generally considered monotypic (belonging to one species). However, genetic studies and morphological evidence have led many cetacean biologists to now consider the existence of multiple species or subspecies of killer whales worldwide."
3529
    ],
3530
    "King Cobra": [
3531
        "King cobras (Ophiophagus hannah) are the longest venomous snakes in the world.",
3532
        "King cobras mainly live in dense highland forests, preferring areas dotted with lakes and streams. They may also be found in mangrove, swamps, paddy fields, corn fields and even human settlements.",
3533
        "The average lifespan of a king cobra in the wild is about 20 years.",
3534
        "The king cobra averages at 3 to 4 m (9.8 to 13.1 ft) in length and typically weighs about 6 kg (13 lb). Males are larger than females, which is an unusual trait among snakes whose females are usually larger than males.",
3535
        "The king cobra's deadly fangs are only 8 to 10 millimeters (0.3 to 0.4 inch) long. Because they are fixed to the upper jaw, they have to be short. If they were longer, they would penetrate the floor of its mouth. Angled back into the snake's mouth, the fangs help push the prey on its path to the stomach.",
3536
        "King cobras can be distinguished from other cobras by size and hood. King cobras are generally larger than other cobras, and the stripe on the neck is a chevron instead of a double or single eye shape that may be seen in most of the other Asian cobras. Moreover, the hood of the king cobra is narrower and longer.",
3537
        "The king cobra has 11 large scales (other cobras have 9) on his head which resemble a King's crown, hence his majestic name.",
3538
        "If it feels threatened, the king cobra flares its hood, makes a growling hiss, and rears itself up. ",
3539
        "The hiss of the king cobra is a much lower pitch than many other snakes and many people thus liken its call to a \"growl\" rather than a hiss. A growling hiss works much the same way as the rattle of the rattlesnake works: it is a warning sign that can be heard at a safe distance. It is produced by tiny holes in the trachea and is resonated by the lung.",
3540
        "The venom of the king cobra consists primarily of neurotoxins, with several other compounds. Though there are other snakes with more potent venom, the amount of neurotoxin that a king cobra can emit in one bite is enough to kill 20 people or one elephant.",
3541
        "Despite their large sizes, king cobras are fast and agile.",
3542
        "The king cobra is an active hunter and is active during the day (diurnal).",
3543
        "King cobras are carnivorous snakes and feed on other snakes (even venomous ones!), lizards, frogs and small mammals. They also eat a variety of birds, eggs, fish and chickens stolen from poultry farms.",
3544
        "King cobras are the only snakes in the world that build a nest for their young. They can have between 20 to 40 eggs in a nest and the female guards the eggs faithfully, which can take 60 to 90 days to hatch. When the eggs start to hatch, instinct causes the female to leave the nest and find prey to eat so she does not eat her young.",
3545
        "The baby king cobras, with an average length of 45 to 55 cm (18 to 22 in), have venom which is as potent as that of the adults. They may be brightly marked, but these colours often fade as they mature.",
3546
        "As large and highly venomous snakes, king cobras have very few natural predators. Mongooses are able to hunt and kill these snakes, and they sometimes get picked off by large birds of prey.",
3547
        "The king cobra despite the word \"cobra\" in its common name, is not a member of the Naja genus (the \"true cobras\"); instead belongs to a unique genus Ophiophagus, whose scientific name derives from the Greek for \"snake-eating\", in reference to its dietary habit.",
3548
        "King cobras may be best known as the species of choice for the snake charmers of South Asia.",
3549
        "King cobras are shy and will avoid humans whenever possible, but they are fiercely aggressive when cornered.",
3550
        "N\u0101ga is the Sanskrit and Pali word for a deity or class of entity or being taking the form of a very great snake, specifically the king cobra, found in the Indian religions of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.",
3551
        "In India people believe that the King Cobra has an exceptional memory. According to a myth, the picture of the killer of a king cobra stays in the eyes of the snake, which is later picked up by the partner and is used to hunt down the killer for revenge. Because of this myth, whenever a cobra is killed, especially in India, the head is either crushed or burned to damage the eyes completely.",
3552
        "Another myth claims that only 100 people may cast eyes on a king cobra; any more and it will die. It says that only king cobras who are ready to pass on to the next life will enter settlements so they can be viewed by more than 100.",
3553
        "In some traditions, a kiss to the king cobra's head is thought to bring plentiful harvests and fertility to the woman who delivers the embrace."
3554
    ],
3555
    "King Penguin": [
3556
        "The king penguin is the second largest species of penguin at 70 to 100 centimeters (2.3 to 3.2 feet) tall and weighs 11 to 16 kilograms (24 to 35 pounds). In size it is second only to the emperor penguin.",
3557
        "King penguins eat small fish, mainly lantern fish and squid and rely less than most Southern Ocean predators on krill and other crustaceans.",
3558
        "Ice and water in Antarctica is primarily salty, making it impossible for most animals to drink. The king penguins stomach, however, has adapted to drinking salt water. Its powerful stomach can separate the salt completely, allowing the bird to drink without becoming dehydrated.",
3559
        "To keep warm, King penguins have four layers of feathering.The outer layer of feathers are oiled and waterproof, not unlike the feathering of a duck.",
3560
        "The king penguin is one of the most elegant of all penguin species as it's long and slender body helps the king penguin to glide through the water with great ease.",
3561
        "The average cruising speed for a King Penguin while swimming ranges somewhere between 5 and 10 km per hour (3 to 5 miles per hour).",
3562
        "King penguins are excellent divers and have been known to dive as deep as 300 meters (980 ft)!",
3563
        "King Penguins live on the sub-antarctic islands at the northern reaches of Antarctica, as well as Tierra del Fuego, the Falkland Islands and other temperate islands of the region.",
3564
        "King Penguins form gigantic colonies when they come in to shore during the mating season. One colony at South Georgian Island is estimated to have over 200 thousands birds.",
3565
        "King Penguins are \"serially monogamous\" \u2013 they mate with only one mate per season, working with their mate to hatch the egg and care for the chick. However, unlike some other species of penguin, they're not so likely to return to the same mate the next year \u2013 about 70% will find a new mate the following season.",
3566
        "King penguins are one of the few birds that do not build nests, eggs are incubated under the belly on top of their feet.",
3567
        "At this time, the chicks starts to grow their adult feathers and are ready to go off on their own. Raising a King penguin chick usually takes 10 to 13 months.",
3568
        "Once a young King Penguin does leave its colony it will not return until at least 3 years later when it's able to mate.",
3569
        "At sea, the key predators of King penguins are the leopard seals and killer whales who wait beneath the surface near the shore for unsuspecting birds.",
3570
        "Some king penguin colonies were completed exterminated. This occurred as a result of hunting in the 19th and 20th Centuries. People hunted the king penguins for their skin, oil, blubber and eggs.",
3571
        "King penguins have legal protection from hunting and the collection of their eggs. According to the Antarctic Treaty of 1959, it is illegal to harm or interfere with any penguin or its eggs.",
3572
        "Today, the king penguin populations in the sub-Antarctic Oceans appear to be thriving and better still increasing in numbers with more than two million breeding pairs of king penguins found around the freezing waters.",
3573
        "Like almost all animals, king penguins ordinarily have round pupils in their eyes. However, this all changes when their pupils constrict. Of all king penguin facts, one of the most bizarre is that, when constricted, a king penguin's pupils are actually square in shape."
3574
    ],
3575
    "Kingfisher": [
3576
        "Kingfishers are a group of small to medium-sized, brightly colored birds in the order Coraciiformes.",
3577
        "There are roughly 90 different species of kingfisher in the world.",
3578
        "Kingfishers are known for their looks: stocky body; long, thick bill; and striking colors and markings. Many kingfisher species are decked out in feathers of bright blue, green, turquoise, red, or gold. Some have splotches, dashes, stripes, or speckles.",
3579
        "The smallest species of kingfisher is the African pygmy kingfisher (Ispidina lecontei), which is around 10 centimeters (3.9 inches) long and weight from 9 to 12 grams (0.3 to 0.4 ounces).",
3580
        "The largest species of kingfisher is laughing kookaburra (Dacelo novaeguineae), which is up to 46 centimeters (18 inches) long and weight up to 490 grams (17 ounces).",
3581
        "Most kingfisher species are solitary, only pairing up with a mate during breeding season.",
3582
        "Kingfishers feed on a wide variety of prey. They are most famous for hunting and eating fish, and some species do specialise in catching fish.",
3583
        "Even kingfishers that eat mostly fish also eat other things on occasion, like crabs, crayfish, snails, and frogs. Kingfishers that live in forests, grasslands, and deserts have a different diet, dining on a variety of insects, spiders, reptiles (including snakes), and small mammals, which they catch by spying the prey from a perch and darting out to snap it up.",
3584
        "All kingfishers have excellent vision and can see into the water \u2013 even adjusting for refraction, which can make a fish look closer to the surface than it really is.",
3585
        "Kingfishers are territorial, some species defending their territories vigorously.",
3586
        "Kingfishers have a variety of calls used to announce their territory, warn off other birds, and communicate with a mate and their chicks, such as shrieks, screams, clicks, whistles, chuckles, rattles, and chirps.",
3587
        "The offspring of the kingfisher usually stay with the parents for 3\u20134 months.",
3588
        "Many young kingfishers drown shortly after leaving the nest due to lack of flying experience.",
3589
        "Because of the high mortality of young, kingfishers usually have two or three broods a year.",
3590
        "The main predators of the kingfisher are birds of prey, foxes, raccoons, cats and snakes.",
3591
        "The most famous kingfisher is Australia's laughing kookaburra. It gets its name from its call, which sounds like laughter.",
3592
        "When a common kingfisher dives after a meal, it often submerges completely in the water, folding its wings backward to create a V shape. It can even dive straight through a layer of thin ice to catch a fish below.",
3593
        "Kingfishers like to keep clean and bathe by diving into water and then perching in the sun to dry and preen their feathers. Some use their wings to scrub and scratch the top of their head. They also keep that impressive bill clean by scraping it against a branch until they are satisfied that the bill is in good condition.",
3594
        "In Victorian times, many kingfishers were shot and stuffed to put in glass cases, while their feathers were widely used by milliners to adorn hats.",
3595
        "For the Dusun people of Borneo, the Oriental dwarf kingfisher is considered a bad omen, and warriors who see one on the way to battle should return home. Another Bornean tribe considers the banded kingfisher an omen bird, albeit generally a good omen.",
3596
        "The sacred kingfisher, along with other Pacific kingfishers, was venerated by the Polynesians, who believed it had control over the seas and waves."
3597
    ],
3598
    "Kinkajou": [
3599
        "The kinkajou (Potos flavus) also called honey bear, is an unusual rainforest mammal.",
3600
        "Kinkajous live in the tropical forests of Central and South America.",
3601
        "Kinkajous range from east and south of the Sierra Madres in Mexico, throughout Central America to Bolivia east of the Andes and the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil.",
3602
        "The average lifespan of a kinkajou is about 20 years in the wild and up to 41 in captivity.",
3603
        "Kinkajous are arboreal and possess many adaptations common to arboreal species, such as a long, fully prehensile tail, nimble clawed fingers, and fully reversible hind feet.",
3604
        "The adult body length is from 40 to 60 cm (16 to 24 in); in addition to body length, the length of the prehensile tail is from 40 to 60 cm (16 to 24 in). An adult kinkajou weighs from 1.4 to 4.6 kg (3\u201310 lb).",
3605
        "The kinkajou's feet can be rotated 180\u00b0 and have a thick covering of short hair on the soles.",
3606
        "A nocturnal animal, the kinkajou's peak activity is usually between about 7:00 PM and midnight, and again an hour before dawn. During daylight hours, kinkajous sleep in tree hollows or in shaded tangles of leaves, avoiding direct sunlight.",
3607
        "Although the kinkajou is classified in the order Carnivora and has sharp teeth, its omnivorous diet consists mainly of fruit, particularly figs. Studies have shown that 90% of their diet consists of (primarily ripe) fruit. Leaves, flowers, and various herbs make up much of the other 10% of their diet. On rare occasions they eat eggs, hatchlings, insects, and small vertebrates.",
3608
        "Kinkajous are important pollinators. As they travel from flower to flower to drink nectar, the flower's pollen sticks to their face and then smears off at the next flower.",
3609
        "Kinkajous live in small social groups that usually consist of two males, one female, and related offspring. Members of the same group sleep together during the day in a shared nest or den and emerge at dusk to groom and socialize. They wander off to feed alone for most of the night but come back together in the morning to sleep.",
3610
        "Kinkajous are highly vocal, emitting screams, barks, and a variety of softer sounds, including some described as \"sneezes.\"",
3611
        "Their predators include diurnal birds of prey, which take sleeping kinkajous from tree tops, foxes, tayras, jaguarundi, jaguar, ocelot, margay, and people, who hunt them for their meat and fur.",
3612
        "The kinkajou is not an endangered species. However, kinkajous are hunted for the pet trade, for their fur (to make wallets and horse saddles) and for their meat.",
3613
        "Its scientific name Potos flavus roughly translates to golden drinker, as the kinkajou has a golden-brown coat and is fond of nectar.",
3614
        "Serious claws and rounded ears give the kinkajou the nickname \"honey bear.\"",
3615
        "The kinkajou was originally described to the scientific community as a lemur.",
3616
        "Although kinkajous may look like monkeys or ferrets, they are not related to those animals.",
3617
        "Kinkajous rarely leave the treetops to come down to the ground.",
3618
        "The kinkajou often shows little fear of humans, however it is seldom seen by people because of its strict nocturnal habits.",
3619
        "In Belize, kinkajous are called \"night walkers.\"",
3620
        "In El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras pet kinkajous are commonly called micole\u00f3n, meaning \"lion monkey.\""
3621
    ],
3622
    "Kiwi": [
3623
        "Kiwifruit grows as vine. It can reach the size of 10 meters (33 feet) in length.",
3624
        "Kiwifruit can produce fruits up to 30 years and to survive more than 50 years.",
3625
        "The kiwifruit was first found growing in China, where it was known by the name \"Yang Tao\".",
3626
        "At the beginning of the twentieth century, missionaries brought the fruit to the island of New Zealand, where it received it's name \"kiwi\" after the small flightless bird native to the island.",
3627
        "Main pollinators for kiwifruit are bees.Farmers sometimes pollinate kiwifruit on their own by spreading large quantities of pollen toward the female plants.",
3628
        "Kiwifruit are rich in many bioactive compounds that have antioxidant capacity to help to protect against free radicals, harmful by-products produced in the body.",
3629
        "Kiwifruit contains two times more vitamin C than oranges. It is also rich source of vitamin E and K.",
3630
        "Kiwifruit can help improve the function of your immune system .",
3631
        "Medium sized kiwifruit contains only 46 calories.",
3632
        "Over 1 million tons of kiwifruit are produced each year. Majority of kiwi fruit is produced in Italy, Chile and New Zealand.",
3633
        "Size, color of the skin, color of the flesh, texture and taste of kiwifruit depend on the species. Hairless varieties of kiwifruit are also commercially available.",
3634
        "Eating two kiwifruits an hour before bedtime will help you fall asleep quicker. Sleep more soundly and feel better tested when you wake up in the morning.",
3635
        "thxs now i know about kiwi"
3636
    ],
3637
    "Koala": [
3638
        "Koalas are not bears. They are not placental or 'eutherian' mammals, but marsupials, which means that their young are born immature & they develop further in the safety of a pouch. It's incorrect to call them 'Koala bears' \u2013 their correct name is simply 'Koalas'.",
3639
        "Koalas measure about 60 to 85 centimeters (24 to 33 inches) long, and weigh about 14 kilograms (31 pound).",
3640
        "The koalas cute and cuddly looks makes them is one of the most loved marsupial mammals to people of all ages.",
3641
        "Koalas have large noses that are coloured pink or black.",
3642
        "In the wild Koalas can live 12-14 years. But if someone is taking care of them, or if they are in captivity they can live 16-20 years.",
3643
        "Koalas are found in the eucalyptus forests of eastern Australia. They have grey fur with a cream-coloured chest, and strong, clawed feet, perfect for living in the branches of trees!",
3644
        "Koala's grow up to become big eaters, shifting up to 1 kilogram (2.2 pounds) of eucalyptus leaves in a day! They are fussy, too, and will select the most nutritious and tastiest leaves from the trees where they live.",
3645
        "Koalas almost never need to drink water, getting sufficient water from the leaves they eat. In times of drought or when food is scarce, they will drink water from streams and the like, if necessary.",
3646
        "Koalas are nocturnal marsupials famous for spending most of their lives asleep in trees. During the day they doze, tucked into forks or nooks in the trees, sleeping 18 to 20 hours.",
3647
        "Whenever koala communicate with each other, they are using several types of noises. They rag, and sometimes they sound like a snoring!",
3648
        "Koalas have a scent gland on their chest that they rub against trees to mark their territory.",
3649
        "Koalas only spend 15 minutes a day in social activity.",
3650
        "Koala was hunted until the 1920s, after which the Australian Government was forced to protect them. Unfortunately, many koala had been killed before, and since then have become extinct animals. Fortunately, they reproduce and are protected from hunters. However, the habitat for the koala is disappearing and they are actually endangered species.",
3651
        "The Eucalyptus tree is not protected and as more of these trees are cut down, the numbers of Koalas are reduced.",
3652
        "It is estimated that there are likely to be less than 80 thousands Koalas remaining in Australia today and it could be as low as 43 thousands.",
3653
        "Koalas cannot be kept legally as pets.",
3654
        "Koala facts teach us that while there are more than 600 varieties of Eucalyptus available in the Koala's habitat, the animal really loves to eat roughly 30 of these species.",
3655
        "Eucalyptus is poisonous to most animals. The koala's digestive system creates bacteria that deactivate the poison.",
3656
        "It is thought that koala means 'no drink' in some ancient aboriginal languages.",
3657
        "Like humans, koalas have fingerprints. They are the only other mammals besides primates to have them.",
3658
        "The brain size of modern koalas has reduced substantially from their ancestors, possibly as an adaptation to the low energy they get from their diets.",
3659
        "Great info! It helped me learn a lot about koalas!"
3660
    ],
3661
    "Komodo Dragon": [
3662
        "The Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), also known as the Komodo monitor, is the largest living species of lizard.",
3663
        "Komodo dragons live on only five islands in southeastern Indonesia: Indonesia's four islands within Komodo National Park (Komodo, Rinca, Gili Montang, Gili Dasami), and the island of Flores. The islands are volcanic in origin, rugged and hilly, and covered with both forest and savanna grassland.",
3664
        "Adult Komodo dragons live mainly in tropical savannah forests. They prefer open lowland areas with tall grasses and bushes, but are also found in other habitats, such as beaches, ridge tops, and dry riverbeds. Young Komodo dragons are arboreal and live in forested regions until they are eight months old.",
3665
        "The average lifespan of the Komodo dragon is about 30 years in the wild.",
3666
        "Komodo dragons are gray, brown or reddish in color, depending on their location. Their robust bodies are uniformly covered in rough scales. They have strong limbs and a powerful, muscular tail.",
3667
        "The heads of Komodo dragons have a rounded snout and ear openings. Their skulls are flexible and have about 60 short sharp, serrated teeth designed to cut and tear flesh.",
3668
        "Komodo dragons are able to run at speeds of up to 20 km/h (12.4 mph), but tire quickly.",
3669
        "Komodo dragons are mostly active during the day but have shown some nocturnal behaviour.",
3670
        "The Komodo dragon uses its tongue to detect, taste, and smell stimuli, as with many other reptiles, with the vomeronasal sense using the Jacobson's organ, rather than using the nostrils. With the help of a favorable wind and its habit of swinging its head from side to side as it walks, a Komodo dragon may be able to detect carrion from 4 to 9.5 km (2.5 to 5.9 mi) away.",
3671
        "Komodo dragons are carnivores (meat-eaters), and will first scavenge carrion before killing for food.",
3672
        "They are such fierce hunters they can eat very large prey, such as large water buffalo, horse, deer, goats, pigs and even humans. They will also eat other reptiles (including smaller Komodo dragons), birds, bird eggs, small mammals and monkeys.",
3673
        "Young Komodo dragons spend much of their first few years in trees, where they are relatively safe from predators, including cannibalistic adults, as juvenile dragons make up 10% of their diets. Juveniles feed on grasshoppers, beetles, small geckos, eggs, birds, and eventually small mammals.",
3674
        "Komodo dragons are the top predators in their range, and adults do not suffer predation by any species. Young Komodo dragons sometimes fall prey to predatory mammals, birds and other Komodo dragons.",
3675
        "The Komodo dragon is a vulnerable species and is on the IUCN Red List. The Komodo National Park was founded in 1980 to protect Komodo dragon populations on islands including Komodo, Rinca, and Padar. Later, the Wae Wuul and Wolo Tado Reserves were opened on Flores to aid with Komodo dragon conservation.",
3676
        "The World Animal Foundation estimates the number of Komodo dragons in the wild to be 6 thousands.",
3677
        "Komodo dragons have long been great zoo attractions, where their size and reputation make them popular exhibits. They are, however, rare in zoos because they are susceptible to infection and parasitic disease if captured from the wild, and do not readily reproduce.",
3678
        "In the wild, there are four times as many male Komodo dragons as there are females.",
3679
        "Komodo dragons have the smallest home range of any large predator in the world!",
3680
        "A Komodo dragon can eat a whopping 80 percent of its body weight in a single feeding.",
3681
        "Komodo dragons eat extremely fast. They have been seen consuming 2.5 kilograms (5.5 pounds) of meat in one minute.",
3682
        "Komodo dragon's teeth look like shark teeth and have been compared to those of an extinct saber-toothed cat.",
3683
        "A Komodo dragon goes through four or five sets of teeth in a lifetime.",
3684
        "In 2013, a 2-meter (6.5-foot) long Komodo dragon wandered into a park office and bit two Indonesian park rangers."
3685
    ],
3686
    "Labrador Retriever": [
3687
        "The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a breed of sporting dog.",
3688
        "The first dog to appear on the cover of Life Magazine was a black Labrador Retriever called \"Blind of Arden\" in the December, 12th, 1938 issue.",
3689
        "The Labrador Retriever's coat should be short and dense, but not wiry. The coat is water-resistant, so the dog does not get cold when taking to water in the winter. That means that the dog naturally has a slightly dry, oily coat.",
3690
        "Labrador Retrievers are registered in three colours: black (a solid black colour), yellow (considered from cream to fox-red), and chocolate (medium to dark brown).",
3691
        "Endal (13 December 1995 \u2013 13 March 2009) was a male Labrador retriever in Britain whose abilities as a service dog and as an ambassador for service dog charitable work received worldwide news media coverage. Among other distinctions, Endal was described as \"the most decorated dog in the world\" (including \"Dog of the Millennium\" and the PDSA Gold Medal for Animal Gallantry and Devotion to Duty, the highest award available to an animal) and possibly the most famous assistance dog in the UK. He was filmed by over 340 film crews from around the world, and had a number of world \"firsts\" as an assistance dog to his credit.",
3692
        "Pharaoh, Isis, and Tiaa are yellow Labrador Retrievers in the television series Downton Abbey."
3693
    ],
3694
    "Lemming": [
3695
        "A lemming is a small rodent, that belongs to the Cricetidae family.",
3696
        "Lemmings are found in or near the Arctic tundra, which includes northern Canada, Alaska, Europe and Asia.",
3697
        "There are around 30 species of lemming.",
3698
        "A lemming's lifespan is relatively short: 1 year in the wild is average; in captivity, a lemming may live 3 years.",
3699
        "Lemmings weigh from 30 to 110 grams (1 to 4 ounces) and are about 7 to 15 centimeters (3 to 6 inches) long.",
3700
        "Lemmings have long claws on their forefeet and sharp teeth for gnawing roots.",
3701
        "Lemmings have thick, coarse fur that enables them to endure the long, cold winter in their natural habitat.",
3702
        "Lemmings do not hibernate through the harsh northern winter. They remain active, finding food by burrowing through the snow and using grasses clipped and stored in advance.",
3703
        "Lemmings are herbivores. Their diets consist primarily of moss and grass, but they may also eat some berries, bulbs and lichens.",
3704
        "The food that lemmings eat is not very nutritious, so lemmings must eat lots of it. In fact, they may spend six or more hours every day searching for and eating food.",
3705
        "Lemmings exhibit both diurnal and nocturnal active, often active both night and day.",
3706
        "Lemmings dig burrows in the snow. Living beneath the snow functions to keep them safe from predators. It also keep them warm, as underground temperatures are typically higher than air temperatures.",
3707
        "Their underground burrows have rest areas, bathrooms and nesting rooms. Lemmings make nests out of grasses, feathers and musk ox wool.",
3708
        "Female lemmings give birth to the baby lemmings after a gestation period of around three weeks. Baby lemmings are born in burrows under the snow which helps to keep the baby lemmings warm and away from the Arctic winter. The mother lemming gives birth to around 7 baby lemmings and feeds the baby lemmings on her milk until they are big enough and strong enough to start looking for food by themselves.",
3709
        "Like all rodents, lemmings have a high reproductive rate and can breed rapidly when food is plentiful.",
3710
        "With populations reproducing very quickly, lemmings are an important food resource for predators in their area, including foxes, weasels, hawks, and owls.",
3711
        "Although lemmings are similar to other rodents, they differ in their bright colors and aggressiveness toward predators.",
3712
        "When population of lemmings in certain area becomes too large, they migrate in large numbers toward new areas to find food.",
3713
        "Lemmings can swim and may choose to cross a body of water in search of a new habitat. In such cases, many may drown if the body of water is so wide as to stretch their physical capability to the limit.",
3714
        "Contrary to popular belief, lemmings do not commit mass suicide when they migrate. It is a misconception fuelled by the media and video game industries.",
3715
        "In 1955, Carl Barks drew an Uncle Scrooge adventure comic with the title \"The Lemming with the Locket.\" This comic, which was inspired by a 1953 American Mercury article, showed massive numbers of lemmings jumping over Norwegian cliffs.",
3716
        "Even more influential was a Disney movie called \"White Wilderness,\" which won an Academy Award for Documentary Feature, in which staged footage was shown with lemmings jumping into certain death after faked scenes of mass migration.",
3717
        "This myth was also used in the Apple Computer 1985 Super Bowl commercial \"Lemmings\" and the popular 1991 video game Lemmings, in which the player must stop the lemmings from mindlessly marching over cliffs or into traps.",
3718
        "Because of their association with this odd behavior, lemming \"suicide\" is a frequently used metaphor in reference to people who go along unquestioningly with popular opinion, with potentially dangerous or fatal consequences."
3719
    ],
3720
    "Lemur": [
3721
        "The Lemur is a native of Madagascar. They are also found at Comoro Islands.",
3722
        "The word Lemur is Latin and means \"spirits of the night\".",
3723
        "The average life span of a lemur is up to eighteen years.",
3724
        "The Lemur is the smallest of all primates and very few people even realize that they belong to this particular type of animal.",
3725
        "A whole family of mouse lemurs (mother, father, and two to three young) could fit neatly in the palm of your hand.",
3726
        "There are over fifty species and around one hundred subspecies of lemurs and the diversity of theseanimals is amazing.",
3727
        "Lemurs see very well at night but also rely on their sense of smell to help them get around and to recognize each other.",
3728
        "Lemurs use scents to communicate with other lemurs.",
3729
        "Lemurs live in families of up to 15 members.",
3730
        "Lemur societies are almost all matriarchal.",
3731
        "The diet of a lemur consists mostly of fruit and leaves, and when possible, fruit from the Tamarind tree can make up about 50% of their yearly diet.",
3732
        "Lemurs also eat flowers, insects, herbs, and decayed wood, as well as bark and sap.",
3733
        "When there isn't much food, lemurs will simply hibernate for a while.",
3734
        "Most lemurs spend their time up in the trees, resting, sleeping, feeding, and even giving birth.",
3735
        "Lemurs used to live in Africa, but monkeys there were too much of a competition for the lemurs.",
3736
        "Most lemurs are either endangered or threatened wildlife, and many species of lemurs have already gone extinct.",
3737
        "Blue-eyed lemurs are one of two (non-human) primates to have truly blue eyes.",
3738
        "Black-and-white ruffed lemur mothers make a nest for the birth and care of her babies, lining it with her own hair.",
3739
        "The sounds heard from lemurs vary with each species and can include grunts, loud alarm calls and sounds that sound like the mewing of a cat, chirps, and wailing calls that are reminiscent of whale songs.",
3740
        "Ring-tailed lemurs use their tail for communication.",
3741
        "Like dogs, lemurs have wet noses.",
3742
        "Of all the primates, lemurs are the most different from human beings.",
3743
        "In Malagasy culture lemurs, and animals in general, have souls (ambiroa) which can get revenge if mocked while alive or if killed in a cruel fashion.",
3744
        "Lemurs are mentioned in sailors' voyage logs as far back as 1608.",
3745
        "Lemurs have become popular in Western culture in recent years. The original 2005 animated film Madagascar was seen by an estimated 100 million people in theaters."
3746
    ],
3747
    "Leopard": [
3748
        "The leopard gecko, also known as the common leopard geckos and the panther gecko, is a medium-sized lizard.",
3749
        "Leopard geckos are native to south-Asian Afghanistan, Pakistan, north-west India, and some parts of Iran.",
3750
        "The lifespan for the leopard gecko is about 15 years in the wild and up to 22 years in captivity.",
3751
        "Leopard geckos have large heads, big eyes with oval-shaped pupils, thin toes, and, unlike other reptiles, they have eyelids.",
3752
        "Leopard geckos cannot climb up smooth surfaces because they do not have toe pads like most geckos.",
3753
        "Common leopard geckos are polyphyodonts and able to replace each of their 100 teeth every 3 to 4 months.",
3754
        "Common leopard geckos range in color from a yellow to brownish-orange base with spots covering all or mostly half of the dorsal region of the body.",
3755
        "Leopard geckoes are nocturnal, sheltering under rocks or in burrows in daylight. During periods of activity, the gecko tends to be an inquisitive animal, and although a ground-dwelling species, the clawed toes of the leopard gecko allow them to climb rocks and branches where they can easily absorb heat.",
3756
        "Leopard geckoes are very adaptable, and are known to eat scorpions, centipedes, spiders, and beetles in the wild.",
3757
        "In captivity, leopard gecko diets usually consist of crickets, mealworms, waxworms, pinkie or nestling mice, locusts, grasshoppers, and springtails.",
3758
        "Common leopard geckos have predators such as snakes, foxes, and other large reptiles. Their keen sense of hearing and sight help them escape from them during the night. Along with their exceptional sight and hearing abilities, their skin helps camouflage themselves from their predators.",
3759
        "The leopard gecko is probably the most popular pet reptile in captivity today.",
3760
        "Leopard geckos are friendly, docile creatures by nature, but they sometimes bite. If held in a human hand they will only bite if they mistake a finger for food, or if the person is holding the gecko too tightly.",
3761
        "Captive born and bred leopard geckos do not carry any diseases that are transmissible to humans.",
3762
        "Leopard geckos were first described as a species by zoologist Edward Blyth in 1854 as Eublepharis macularius."
3763
    ],
3764
    "Leopard Seal": [
3765
        "The leopard seal also referred to as the sea leopard, is the second largest species of seal in the Antarctic (after the southern elephant seal).",
3766
        "The leopard seal is named for its black-spotted coat. The pattern is similar to that of the famous big cat, though the seal's coat is gray rather than golden in color.",
3767
        "Leopard seals can live up to 26 years in the wild.",
3768
        "Leopard seals can dive up to 15 minutes, however because their diet includes warm-blooded animals they are not deep diving seals.",
3769
        "Leopard seals eat penguins, fish, squid, sea birds, krill and smaller seals.",
3770
        "Antarctic krill compose about 45% of the leopard seal's overall diet.",
3771
        "The leopard seal is native to the frozen waters of the Antarctic but is also found to the north in the warmer climates. Leopard seals are often seen near South America, South Africa, New Zealand and around the south coast of Australia often in the warmer waters that are on close proximity of the frozen seas which the leopard seal thrives.",
3772
        "The Leopard Seal is a solitary animal with the leopard seals only coming together in small groups when it is time to mate.",
3773
        "The female leopard seal digs herself a hole in the ice and the leopard seal pup is born after a gestation period of about 11 months, during the Antarctic summer time.",
3774
        "The female leopard seal weans and protects her leopard seal pup until the leopard seal pup is big enough and strong enough to be able to fend for itself.",
3775
        "The ends of the leopard seal's mouth are permanently curled upward, creating the illusion of a smile or menacing grin.",
3776
        "When a leopard seal grows tired of eating, but still wants to be entertained, they'll seek out penguins or young seals to play \"cat and mouse\" with. As a penguin swims towards to shore, the seal will cut them off and chase them back towards the water. They'll do this over and over again, until the penguin either successfully makes it back to shore, or succumb to exhaustion.",
3777
        "The leopard seal is a dominant predator in its environment and is rarely preyed upon by other animals with the exception of human hunters, the occasional desperate shark or killer whale .",
3778
        "It can be a dangerous endeavor to try to study these creatures, and in one case, leopard seals have been known to kill a human.",
3779
        "Owing to its widespread occurrence and large population size (estimated at 220 thousands -400 thousands individuals), the leopard seal is currently classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. Furthermore, in common with all Antarctic seals, the leopard seal is protected by the Antarctic Treaty and the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals, which ensures that any future commercial harvests would be regulated."
3780
    ],
3781
    "Lion": [
3782
        "Lionfish also called zebrafish, firefish, turkeyfish, tastyfish or butterfly-cod is any of several species of showy Indo-Pacific fishes of the scorpion fish family.",
3783
        "There are twelve species of lionfish.",
3784
        "They can be found around the seaward edge of reefs and coral, in lagoons, and on rocky surfaces commonly from 1 meter (3 feet) to 50 meters (164 feet) deep, although lionfish have on multiple occasions been recorded to 300 meters (984 feet) depth.",
3785
        "Lionfish range from 5 to 45 cm (2.0 to 17.7 in) in length, weighing from 0.025 to 1.3 kg (0.055 to 2.866 lb).",
3786
        "Lionfish are noted for their venomous fin spines, which are capable of producing painful, though rarely fatal, puncture wounds. The fishes have enlarged pectoral fins and elongated dorsal fin spines, and each species bears a particular pattern of bold, zebralike stripes. When disturbed, the fish spread and display their fins and, if further pressed, will present and attack with the dorsal spines.",
3787
        "Lionfish are not poisonous, they are venomous. The difference between poison and venom is the method of delivery. Venom must be injected into the bloodstream to cause injury, such as through a sharp spine or fang, but is harmless if drunk or eaten. Poison has to be ingested or absorbed to be harmful; lionfish carry no poison in the edible meat of the fish.",
3788
        "The venom found in the needle-sharp dorsal, pelvic and anal fins of a lionfish is not deadly to an otherwise healthy human being, though envenomation will cause an immense amount of localized pain, swelling and, in some instances, blistering and infection if not treated properly.",
3789
        "For the majority of their adult lives, lionfish are solitary and will fiercely defend their home range against other individuals of both the same or different species, using their poisonous dorsal spines. Males are more aggressive than females. As their name suggests, they are fearsome predators.",
3790
        "Lionfish are predators that consume more than 70 species of fish and many invertebrate species such as shrimp and crab. Lionfish can reduce juvenile fish populations on a reef by nearly 90% in as little as five weeks. Lionfish can eat up to 30 times their own stomach volume.",
3791
        "Lionfish are nocturnal and most active during dawn and dusk, which coincides with the peak activity of reefs where diurnal crustaceans are retreating and smaller nocturnal fishes are becoming active.",
3792
        "The eggs hatch into larvae in a very short space of time \u2013 approximately 24 \u2013 36 hours. The larval duration of the microscopic size larvae is approximately 25 to 30 days. After just three more months the lionfish are a mini version of their parents.",
3793
        "Natural predators of lionfish include sharks, cornetfish, grouper, large eels, frogfish and other scorpionfish. There is speculation that large snapper and some species of trigger fish eat lionfish in their native ranges as well.",
3794
        "In 2010, NOAA began a campaign to encourage the consumption of the fish. The \"Lionfish as Food\" campaign encourages human hunting of the fish as the only form of control known to date. Encouraging the consumption of lionfish could not only help to maintain a reasonable population density, but also provide an alternative fishing source to overfished populations, such as grouper and snapper.",
3795
        "The NOAA calls the lionfish a \"delicious, delicately flavored fish\" similar in texture to grouper. Recipes for lionfish include deep frying, ceviche, jerky, grilling, and sashimi.",
3796
        "The lionfish is a popular aquarium fish around the world, although the lionfish is better kept in tanks with lots of space and few other fish."
3797
    ],
3798
    "Lionfish": [
3799
        "Lionfish also called zebrafish, firefish, turkeyfish, tastyfish or butterfly-cod is any of several species of showy Indo-Pacific fishes of the scorpion fish family.",
3800
        "There are twelve species of lionfish.",
3801
        "They can be found around the seaward edge of reefs and coral, in lagoons, and on rocky surfaces commonly from 1 meter (3 feet) to 50 meters (164 feet) deep, although lionfish have on multiple occasions been recorded to 300 meters (984 feet) depth.",
3802
        "Lionfish range from 5 to 45 cm (2.0 to 17.7 in) in length, weighing from 0.025 to 1.3 kg (0.055 to 2.866 lb).",
3803
        "Lionfish are noted for their venomous fin spines, which are capable of producing painful, though rarely fatal, puncture wounds. The fishes have enlarged pectoral fins and elongated dorsal fin spines, and each species bears a particular pattern of bold, zebralike stripes. When disturbed, the fish spread and display their fins and, if further pressed, will present and attack with the dorsal spines.",
3804
        "Lionfish are not poisonous, they are venomous. The difference between poison and venom is the method of delivery. Venom must be injected into the bloodstream to cause injury, such as through a sharp spine or fang, but is harmless if drunk or eaten. Poison has to be ingested or absorbed to be harmful; lionfish carry no poison in the edible meat of the fish.",
3805
        "The venom found in the needle-sharp dorsal, pelvic and anal fins of a lionfish is not deadly to an otherwise healthy human being, though envenomation will cause an immense amount of localized pain, swelling and, in some instances, blistering and infection if not treated properly.",
3806
        "For the majority of their adult lives, lionfish are solitary and will fiercely defend their home range against other individuals of both the same or different species, using their poisonous dorsal spines. Males are more aggressive than females. As their name suggests, they are fearsome predators.",
3807
        "Lionfish are predators that consume more than 70 species of fish and many invertebrate species such as shrimp and crab. Lionfish can reduce juvenile fish populations on a reef by nearly 90% in as little as five weeks. Lionfish can eat up to 30 times their own stomach volume.",
3808
        "Lionfish are nocturnal and most active during dawn and dusk, which coincides with the peak activity of reefs where diurnal crustaceans are retreating and smaller nocturnal fishes are becoming active.",
3809
        "The eggs hatch into larvae in a very short space of time \u2013 approximately 24 \u2013 36 hours. The larval duration of the microscopic size larvae is approximately 25 to 30 days. After just three more months the lionfish are a mini version of their parents.",
3810
        "Natural predators of lionfish include sharks, cornetfish, grouper, large eels, frogfish and other scorpionfish. There is speculation that large snapper and some species of trigger fish eat lionfish in their native ranges as well.",
3811
        "In 2010, NOAA began a campaign to encourage the consumption of the fish. The \"Lionfish as Food\" campaign encourages human hunting of the fish as the only form of control known to date. Encouraging the consumption of lionfish could not only help to maintain a reasonable population density, but also provide an alternative fishing source to overfished populations, such as grouper and snapper.",
3812
        "The NOAA calls the lionfish a \"delicious, delicately flavored fish\" similar in texture to grouper. Recipes for lionfish include deep frying, ceviche, jerky, grilling, and sashimi.",
3813
        "The lionfish is a popular aquarium fish around the world, although the lionfish is better kept in tanks with lots of space and few other fish."
3814
    ],
3815
    "Little Penguin": [
3816
        "The little penguin (Eudyptula minor) is the smallest species of penguin.",
3817
        "Little penguins are found along the southern coasts of Australia, from near Perth in Western Australia to around Coffs Harbour in northern New South Wales. They also found along the entire coastline of New Zealand.",
3818
        "The little penguin's habitats include rocky coastline, savanna, scrub forest or forests.",
3819
        "Little penguins live an average of 6 years. However a banded little penguin has been recaptured the age of 25 years and 8 months old.",
3820
        "Like those of all penguins, the little penguin's wings have developed into flippers used for swimming.",
3821
        "Little penguin's coloration: the head and upper parts are blue in color, with slate-grey ear coverts fading to white underneath, from the chin to the belly. Their flippers are blue in color.",
3822
        "Little penguins are diurnal and like many penguin species, spend the largest part of their day (about 80%) swimming and foraging at sea.",
3823
        "A little penguin has a speed of 6,5 km/h (4 mph).",
3824
        "The deepest little penguin dive recorded is 72 meters (236 feet). An average dive in search of fish is between 5 and 20 meters (16 and 65 feet).",
3825
        "Molting for little penguins lasts 16 days. In some regions, molting starts sometime between mid-February and mid-March, but this changes according to their location. Usually, they lose up to 40% of their body mass during molting.",
3826
        "Little penguins preen their feathers to keep them waterproof. They do this by rubbing a tiny drop of oil onto every feather from a special gland above the tail.",
3827
        "Little penguins breed in colonies along the southern coastlines of Australia and New Zealand.",
3828
        "Little penguins nest in burrows dug in bare sand or under vegetation. If the ground is too soft to hold a burrow, these penguins also nest in caves and rock crevices.",
3829
        "Courtship begins with male little penguins performing courtship displays and giving mating calls.",
3830
        "Little penguins only remain faithful to their partner in breeding seasons and whilst hatching eggs.",
3831
        "Little penguins in the wild are sometimes preyed upon by fur seals, foxes and white-bellied sea eagles.",
3832
        "The little penguin was first described by German naturalist Johann Reinhold Forster in 1781.",
3833
        "In 1930 in Tasmania, it was believed that little penguins were competing with mutton-birds, which were being commercially exploited. An \"open season\" in which penguins would be permitted to be killed was planned in response to requests from members of the mutton-birding industry.",
3834
        "Little penguins have long been a curiosity to humans, and to children in particular. Captive animals are often exhibited in zoos."
3835
    ],
3836
    "Lizard": [
3837
        "Lizards are part of a group of animals known as reptiles.",
3838
        "There are approximately over 5 thousands lizard species, including iguanas, chameleons, geckos, Gila monsters, monitors, and skinks.",
3839
        "Lizards live across all continents except Antarctica.",
3840
        "In general, lizards have a small head, short neck, and long body and tail. Unlike snakes, most lizards have moveable eyelids.",
3841
        "Social interaction varies between lizards, with many species defending set territories. Some live in large colonies, while others lead a solitary existence.",
3842
        "Whether a lizard is nocturnal or diurnal really just depends on the species. Some lizards are nocturnal where others are diurnal.",
3843
        "The lifespan of most lizard species varies from 1 to 20 years, but it can be up to 50 years for some species.",
3844
        "Reaching 3 meters (10 feet) in length and more than 135 kilograms (300 pounds), Komodo dragons are the largest lizards on Earth.",
3845
        "The smallest lizards on Earth are the Jaragua sphaero or dwarf gecko [pic. below] (Sphaerodactylus ariasae) and the Virgin Islands dwarf sphaero or Virgin Islands dwarf gecko (Sphaerodactylus parthenopion), they are 1.6 centimeters (0.6 inches) long.",
3846
        "Coloration is remarkably varied in lizards. Many species display perfect cryptic coloration that makes them invisible in their natural habitat; others are vividly colored in shades of emerald and turquoise blues, reds and yellows.",
3847
        "Many lizards, such as iguanas, can see in color. Their colorful body parts allow them to communicate with each other and help them tell which are male and which are female.",
3848
        "Lizards smell stuff with their tongues! Just like snakes, a lizard sticks out its tongue to catch scent particles in the air and then pulls back its tongue and places those particles on the roof of its mouth, where there are special sensory cells. The lizard can use these scent \"clues\" to find food or a mate or to detect enemies.",
3849
        "Lizards don't have earflaps like mammals do. Instead, they have visible ear openings to catch sound, and their eardrums are just below the surface of their skin. Even so, lizards can't hear as well as we do, but their hearing is better than that of snakes.",
3850
        "All lizards grow continuously throughout their lives, however their skin does not grow to accommodate their changing size. It is for this reason that they must shed their skin regularly to allow for proper growth. This process is known as ecdysis.",
3851
        "Most lizards live on the ground, but others can be found making their home in a tree, burrow, or in the water.",
3852
        "Different lizard species eat different types of food. Some are predators, eating mammals, birds, and other reptiles. Others are mainly vegetarian, eating leaves, fruits, and flowers. But most lizards are insect eaters, grabbing crickets, flies, grasshoppers, and more with long, sticky tongues or quick bites.",
3853
        "There are only two lizard species around the world that produced venom, the gila monster [pic. below] and the Mexican beaded lizard.",
3854
        "Most lizards are oviparous (egg laying) though some species give birth to live young because the eggs develop inside the mother. Parthenogenesis in squamata (that is, asexual reproduction) occurs in about 50 species of lizard and it is believed that female ability to do this in the absence of males is widespread among lizards.",
3855
        "No matter what the circumstances of their start in life, baby lizards look like tiny versions of their parents.",
3856
        "Lizards enjoy spending time basking in the sunlight.",
3857
        "Lizards are most closely related to snakes. In fact, some lizards, called sheltopusiks, look like snakes because they have no legs!",
3858
        "Geckos are thought to be the only lizards that produce vocalizations.",
3859
        "You will find the common basilisk lizard near the rivers and streams of central and south american rainforests. The amazing basilisk lizard can walk and run on water!",
3860
        "According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the black spiny-tailed iguana is the world's fastest lizard, reaching speeds of up to 34.9 kilometer (21.7 miles) per hour.",
3861
        "Most lizards replace their teeth throughout life, with the exception of the chameleon and the Agamid lizards.",
3862
        "Some lizard species can store up to 60% of their body fat in their tail.",
3863
        "Horned lizards are able to squirt blood from tiny blood vessels in their eyes. This not only confuses predators, but also the blood tastes foul to canine and feline predators.",
3864
        "A series of clever experiments into the reptilian \"third eye\" has confirmed that lizards use this patch of light-sensitive cells as a sun-calibrated compass.",
3865
        "Lizards play positive roles in the folklore of many Native American tribes. In Plains Indian tribes, lizards are associated with healing and survival, and also with masculinity.",
3866
        "Lizard is also the symbol of dreams, the dreamer and shadowy depths of other realities we perceive that is not on the physical plane of existence."
3867
    ],
3868
    "Llama": [
3869
        "The llama is a South American relative of the camel, though the llama does not have a hump.",
3870
        "Llamas appear to have originated from the central plains of North America about 40 million years ago. They migrated to South America about 3 million years ago. At the end of the last ice age between 10 thousands and 12 thousands llama's became completely extinct in North America.",
3871
        "Llamas were domesticated by the Incas 4 thousands to 5 thousands years ago.",
3872
        "Today llamas live throughout the Americas, Europe and Australia as domesticated livestock.",
3873
        "Llamas typically live for 15 to 25 years, with some individuals surviving 30 years or more.",
3874
        "The height of a full-grown, full-size llama is 1.7 to 1.8 meters (5.6 to 5.9 feet) tall at the top of the head, and can weigh between 130 and 200 kilograms (290 and 440 pounds).",
3875
        "Llama's body is covered with wool which can be black, gray, white or brown, with variety of patterns.",
3876
        "Llamas do not have hooves but their feet have soft, leathery pads and two toes with toenails.",
3877
        "Llama has elongated face, large nostrils and long ears that are slightly curved inwardly characteristically known as \"banana\" shaped.",
3878
        "Llama's have an excellent sense of smell, eyesight and hearing.",
3879
        "Llamas are a very gentle, shy and a very curious animal.",
3880
        "Llamas are very social animals and live with other llamas as a herd.",
3881
        "Llamas communicate with each other through a variety of ear, tail and body postures. They also have a range of vocalisations including soft hums and a shrill alarm call to warn others of danger.",
3882
        "When one llama has an issue with another llama, it will stick its tongue out to express its displeasure. They'll also spit on other llamas.",
3883
        "Llamas are herbivores. Llamas eat grass, hay, and grain, and as browsers, also like bark and twigs. For treats they love cut up apples and carrots.",
3884
        "Llamas are very strong and durable animals. They can carry up to 34 kilograms (75 pounds) and walk about 32 kilometers (20 miles) a day carrying that load.",
3885
        "They are willing pack animals but only to a point. An overloaded llama will simply refuse to move. These animals often lie down on the ground and they may spit, hiss, or even kick at their owners until their burden is lessened.",
3886
        "Llamas do not have specific time of mating.",
3887
        "The llama gestation period is around 11.5 months (350 days). Baby llamas are called crias, and mothers usually have just one; twin births are rare.",
3888
        "Predators of the llamas are mountain lions and wild dogs. If they are attacked, the male llamas sound off a warning so that the rest of the herd can run away.",
3889
        "Llamas have a domesticated cousin, the alpaca, and wild cousins the guanacos and vicu\u00f1as.",
3890
        "Llamas contribute much more than transportation to the human communities in which they live. Leather is made from their hides, and their wool is crafted into ropes, rugs, and fabrics. Llama dung makes great fuel\u2014and fertilizer. In fact, it may have helped the Incans grow corn and survive in the Andes.",
3891
        "In animal totems, the llama is said to bring energies of hard work, responsibility and endurance."
3892
    ],
3893
    "Lobster": [
3894
        "Lobsters are a family of large marine crustaceans.",
3895
        "Lobsters live in all oceans, on rocky, sandy, or muddy bottoms from the shoreline to beyond the edge of the continental shelf. They generally live singly in crevices or in burrows under rocks.",
3896
        "Lobsters live up to an estimated 45 to 50 years in the wild, although determining age is difficult.",
3897
        "There are about 30 species of lobsters.",
3898
        "Although several other groups of crustaceans have the word \"lobster\" in their names, the unqualified term \"lobster\" generally refers to the clawed lobsters of the family Nephropidae.",
3899
        "The best known lobsters are the American and European lobsters.",
3900
        "Most lobsters are 25 to 50 centimeters (10 to 20 inches) in length.",
3901
        "Lobsters have long bodies with muscular tails used for swimming; flexure of the tail and abdomen propel the animal backward.",
3902
        "They have a tough exoskeleton, which protects them. Like most arthropods, lobsters must molt in order to grow, leaving them vulnerable during this time. During the molting process, several species may experience a change in color.",
3903
        "Lobsters have compound eyes on movable stalks, pair of long antennae, and three pairs of swimming legs (swimmerets) on the elongated abdomen.",
3904
        "Typically, lobsters are dark colored, either bluish green or greenish brown as to blend in with the ocean floor, but they can be found in a multitude of colors.",
3905
        "Highly prized as seafood, lobsters are economically important, and are often one of the most profitable commodities in coastal areas they populate.",
3906
        "Lobster has traditionally been a plentiful food item, so plentiful in fact that it also served as bait to catch fish prior to the end of the 19th century.",
3907
        "In North America, the American lobster did not achieve popularity until the mid-19th century, when New Yorkers and Bostonians developed a taste for it, and commercial lobster fisheries only flourished after the development of the lobster smack, a custom-made boat with open holding wells on the deck to keep the lobsters alive during transport.",
3908
        "Prior to this time, lobster was considered a poverty food or as a food for indentured servants or lower members of society in Maine, Massachusetts, and the Canadian Maritimes. Some servants specified in employment agreements that they would not eat lobster more than twice per week, however there is limited evidence for this. Lobster was also commonly served in prisons, much to the displeasure of inmates.",
3909
        "According to Guinness World Records, the largest lobster ever caught was in Nova Scotia, Canada, weighing 20.15 kilograms (44.4 lb).",
3910
        "Lobsters are closely related to shrimp and crabs.",
3911
        "Lobsters, like snails and spiders, have blue blood due to the presence of the blood pigment haemocyanin, which contains copper rather than iron which is in haemoglobin."
3912
    ],
3913
    "Locust": [
3914
        "Locust is the common name for any member of several species of short-horned grasshoppers of the family Acrididae.",
3915
        "Locusts are normally solitary and actively avoid contact with each other. But when conditions are right, particularly after lots of rain, contact becomes unavoidable. As the insects bump against one another, they begin to change. In an hour or so they become attracted to each other and swarm together.",
3916
        "During the course of one or two successive generations they actually change in shape and color, becoming bold yellow or green rather than the neutral brown of solitary locusts. These two phases look so different that until the 1920s, scientists believed they were actually two separate species.",
3917
        "Locusts are found on all continents except Antarctica and North America. They are most common in Africa and Asia.",
3918
        "Locusts diet \u2013 Large swarms of locusts can completely strip the foliage and stems of plants such as forbs and grasses. Some species consume a variety of plants, while others have a more specific diet. They often eat dry plant matter on the ground and will forage for weak or dead grasshoppers when plant food is scarce.",
3919
        "The desert locust is probably the best known species. It inhabits dry grasslands and deserts from Africa to the Punjab (state in northern India) and can fly upward to about 1 thousands meters (5 thousands feet) in huge towers of individuals. They gather in swarms larger than any other single congregation of organisms on Earth, ranging from 100 thousands to 10 billion insects. One swarm in 1794 once spread over 5 thousands square kilometers (almost 2 thousands square miles).",
3920
        "The Rocky Mountain locust a species that is now extinct, destroyed millions of dollars worth of crops on the Great Plains between 1874 and 1877; they became extinct in 1902.",
3921
        "In 1954, a swarm of locusts flew from Africa all the way to Great Britain, decimating crops along the way. Another swarm in 1988 made it from Africa to the Caribbean.",
3922
        "When locusts rub against each other, the contact increases serotonin levels. The normally shy and solitary insects become social and crave more contact with others. Scientists discovered artificially increasing locusts' serotonin levels in a lab environment caused the transformations in appearance and behavior seen in swarm development. In contrast, blocking serotonin kept the insects calm despite contact with others.",
3923
        "Unlike other insects such as butterflies and houseflies, locusts do not undergo a complete metamorphosis. Locusts go through egg, nymph and adult stages \u2014 lacking the pupa stage. Fledgling is an intermediate stage that occurs between the nymph and adult periods. Their life cycle period varies depending on the species of the locust.",
3924
        "The words \"lobster\" and \"locust\" are both derived from the Vulgar Latin locusta, which was originally used to refer to various types of crustaceans and insects.",
3925
        "Study of literature shows how pervasive plagues of locusts were over the course of history. The insects arrived unexpectedly, often after a change of wind direction or weather, and the consequences were devastating.",
3926
        "The Ancient Egyptians carved locusts on tombs in the period 2470 to 2220 BC.",
3927
        "In the Book of Revelation, locusts with scorpion tails and human faces are to torment unbelievers for five months when the fifth trumpet sounds.",
3928
        "The Iliad mentions locusts taking to the wing to escape fire.",
3929
        "Plagues of locusts are also mentioned in the Quran.",
3930
        "In the 9th century BC, the Chinese authorities appointed anti-locust officers.",
3931
        "The Bible records that John the Baptist ate locusts and wild honey while living in the wilderness.",
3932
        "The Torah, although disallowing the use of most insects as food, permits the consumption of certain locusts; specifically, the red, the yellow, the spotted grey, and the white are considered permissible.",
3933
        "In the world and especially in Asia locusts are cooked in many ways including fried, smoked, or dried."
3934
    ],
3935
    "Lynx": [
3936
        "A lynx is any of the four species within the Lynx genus of medium-sized wild cats.",
3937
        "The name \"lynx\" originated in Middle English via Latin from the Greek word \u03bb\u03cd\u03b3\u03be, derived from the Indo-European root leuk- (\"light, brightness\") in reference to the luminescence of its reflective eyes.",
3938
        "A lynx's keen vision earns this cat legendary status in the myths of many cultures. In Greek, Norse, and North American myths, the lynx sees what others can't, and its role is revealing hidden truths.",
3939
        "The lynx is known by the tuft of black hair on the tips of its ears and its short or bobbed tail. In fact, one species of lynx is called a bobcat!",
3940
        "The four species of lynx are: Canadian, Eurasian, Iberian (or Spanish) lynx and the bobcat.",
3941
        "The Canadian lynx live in Canada and also in the northern US, including Alaska, this cat is also known as the North American lynx. It has extremely thick, light brown or gray fur with light black spots.Features unique to the Canadian lynx include a black tail tip and huge paws with long, thick fur to keep the cat's toes warm in the winter. It can spread its toes out wide like snowshoes for walking in soft snow.",
3942
        "The Eurasian lynx is the most numerous of the lynx species and the most widespread, currently found in 46 countries in Europe, northern Asia, and the Middle East! It has long, thick, light-colored fur that is silky in the winter and shorter, thinner, and darker-colored in the summer. Large paws with fur on the soles give Eurasian lynx traction;long legs also help when walking in deep snow.",
3943
        "The most rare of the lynx and possibly the rarest of all cats, the Iberian lynx is found in Spain and Portugal only.It is about half the size of the Eurasian lynx and has the most spots on its coat. Its hair is short and coarse for the milder Mediterranean climate.",
3944
        "Bobcats are found throughout North America from southern Canada to southern Mexico. The bobcat is known by lots of names: wildcat, bay lynx, and lynx cat. Bobcats look very similar to Canadian lynx. But bobcats have smaller feet and don't have the furry soles of the other lynx, so they are not as well equipped to live in areas of heavy snow.",
3945
        "The largest and heaviest is Siberian lynx (subspecies of Eurasian lynx).It is from 80 to 110 centimeters (31 to 43 inches) long and weight from 15 to 29 kilograms (33 to 64 pounds)",
3946
        "The shortest lynx is the bobcat, which is 65 to 105 centimeters (26 to 41 inches) long.",
3947
        "The lightest lynx is the Canadian lynx, which weighs from 5 to 17 kilograms (11 to 37 pounds).",
3948
        "Lynx lifespan up to 17 years in the wild and up to 26 years in captivity.",
3949
        "The lynx is usually solitary, although a small group of lynx may travel and hunt together occasionally.",
3950
        "Lynx, like other cats, are carnivores, which means they only eat meat.",
3951
        "Thanks to excellent sense of hearing, lynx can easily locate the prey.",
3952
        "The lynx is a stalk-and-ambush hunter.",
3953
        "Lynx hunt mainly at night, especially in areas near people, and their peak activity periods are at dawn and dusk.",
3954
        "Although the lynx is a ground mammal, lynx are often known to climb trees or swim in order to catch their prey.",
3955
        "Lynx is very vocal animal. It can produce cat-like meows, purrs and hisses.",
3956
        "A mother lynx often purrs while nursing or cleaning her kittens.",
3957
        "Mating takes place in the late winter and once a year the female gives birth to between 1 and 4 kittens.The gestation time of the lynx is about 70 days.",
3958
        "Lynx kittens are usually born in the early spring in dens that are found under fallen tree branches, large tree roots, rock piles or in caves.",
3959
        "Lynx kittens nurse for 4 to 5 months, and during the last few weeks of nursing, they also start eating solid food.",
3960
        "Young lynx can fend for themselves at the age of 10 months, but they usually hang out with their mother for up to a year and don't reach adult size until they are 2 years old.",
3961
        "Predators of the lynx include pumas, wolves and coyotes, but humans are the biggest threat of all.",
3962
        "The Iberian lynx is the world's most endangered feline species. There are real fears that it may soon become the first cat species to become extinct for at least 2 thousands years.",
3963
        "Lynx have hair on the underside of their broad paws provides traction on slippery surfaces. An exception is the bobcat.",
3964
        "All lynx have tufts, but their purpose isn't completely clear. Some scientists think a lynx uses them like whiskers to detect things above its head. Others think the cluster of hairs enhances the cat's hearing.",
3965
        "The Lynx constellation was so named because it was said to take the keen eyes of a lynx to see it."
3966
    ],
3967
    "Macaroni Penguin": [
3968
        "The macaroni penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus) is the most numerous of all the world's penguins.",
3969
        "The habitat of macaroni penguins includes in rocky, water-bound areas, on rocks and cliffs above the ocean.",
3970
        "The macaroni penguin was named by English explorers. In the mid 18th century, a young man who wore flashy feathers in his hat was called a \"macaroni\". The English explorers thought the yellow crest feathers of this penguin looked just like the flashy young man.",
3971
        "The macaroni penguin is a large crested penguin that stands about 71 centimeters tall and weighs between 5 to 6 kg. Males and females are monomorphic meaning both sexes appear the same, with the exception of the male being slightly larger.",
3972
        "Like most other penguin species, the macaroni penguin is a social animal in its nesting and its foraging behaviour; its breeding colonies are among the largest and most densely populated.",
3973
        "Macaroni penguins usually swim at about 15 km/h (9 mph), but can burst up to 24 km/h (15 mph).",
3974
        "Macaroni penguins live almost entirely on krill supplemented with up to five percent squid. They also eat some fish, amphipods and crustaceans.",
3975
        "Macaroni penguins are known to be the largest single consumer of marine resources among all of the seabirds, with an estimated take of 9.2 million tonnes of krill a year.",
3976
        "Macaroni penguins moult once a year, a process in which they replace all of their old feathers. They spend around two weeks accumulating fat before moulting because they do not feed during the moult, as they cannot enter the water to forage for food without feathers. The process typically takes three to four weeks, which they spend sitting ashore. Once finished, they go back to sea and return to their colonies to mate in the spring.",
3977
        "During October macaroni penguins go ashore following a winter at sea. They assemble in huge colonies, first to locate or to choose mates, then to incubate eggs and rear their chicks.",
3978
        "Although the population of macaroni penguins is estimated at around 18 million mature individuals, a substantial decline has been recorded in several locations.",
3979
        "The macaroni penguin is one of six or so species in the genus Eudyptes, collectively known as crested penguins.",
3980
        "Macaroni penguins have proved to be popular cartoon characters and have appeared in \"The Penguins of Madagascar\" and \"Happy Feet.\""
3981
    ],
3982
    "Macaw": [
3983
        "The macaws is a are beautiful, brilliantly colored tropical parrot native to Central and Southern American rain forests.",
3984
        "There are 17 species of macaws, and several are endangered.",
3985
        "Macaws average lifespan in the wild is up to 60 years.",
3986
        "The macaw is an omnivorous animal and eat a variety of ripe and unripe fruits, nuts and seeds, flowers, leaves, and stems of plants, and sources of protein like insects and snails.",
3987
        "The largest and heaviest is hyacinth macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus), 1 meter (39.4 inches) tall and has an enormous wingspan of more than 127 cm (4 ft ). Weight from 1 thousands to 1 thousands grams (3 to 3.7 pounds).",
3988
        "The smallest and lightest is red-shouldered macaw (Diopsittaca nobilis), 30 centimeters (11.8 inches ) tall and weight from 129 to 169 grams (4.5 to 5.9 ounces).",
3989
        "Macaws are built to fly through the trees in the forest, with a streamlined body and tail shape and wings that don't flap deeply.",
3990
        "Macaws are social birds that often gather in flocks of 10 to 30 individuals.",
3991
        "Macaws typically mate for life. They not only breed with, but also share food with their mates and enjoy mutual grooming.",
3992
        "Most macaw pairs breed once a year, and the female lays her eggs in a nest inside a tree hollow or in a dirt hollow on a cliff face.",
3993
        "Once chicks hatch, both parents bring them food. Macaw chicks are helpless at first. Their eyes remain shut for several days, and they are sparsely covered in downy feathers, so they need their parents' care until they grow their plumage, at about 10 weeks of age.",
3994
        "Macaws are intelligent and curious birds that like to explore and keep busy. They are very aware of their surroundings, which is necessary to keep watch for predators.",
3995
        "Macaws are well known to humans in the areas in which they inhabit and have been known to be hunted by local tribesmen for their brightly colored feathers."
3996
    ],
3997
    "Maine Coon": [
3998
        "The Maine Coon is the largest domesticated cat breed.",
3999
        "The ancestral origins of the Maine Coon are unknown \u2014 there are only speculation and folk tales.",
4000
        "One such folk tale involves Marie Antoinette, the Queen of France, who was executed in 1793. The story goes that before her death, Antoinette attempted to escape France with the help of Captain Samuel Clough. She loaded Clough's ship with her most prized possessions, including six of her favorite Turkish Angora cats. Although she did not make it to the United States, her pets safely reached the shores of Wiscasset, Maine, where they bred with other short-haired breeds and developed into the modern breed of the Maine Coon.",
4001
        "Another folk tale is that long-haired cats, were brought to New England during the 1700s by Vikings or English sailors. They were bred with domestic shorthair cats and the result was Maine coons.",
4002
        "First recorded in cat literature in 1861 with a mention of a black and white cat named \"Captain Jinks of the Horse Marines,\" Maine Coons were popular competitors at early cat shows in Boston and New York.",
4003
        "Several Maine Coon cats were shown in the first cat show ever held at Madison Square Garden in 1895, and one of them, an impresive female said to strongly resemble a racoon in size and color, was actually crowned Grand Champion of that historic show!",
4004
        "The invasion of glamourous Persian and exotic Siamese cats from England around the turn of the 20th century spelled the end of the Maine Coon's popularity for about five decades. Things took a turn for the better in the 1960s, and the Maine Coon Breeders and Fanciers Association was formed in 1968.",
4005
        "The Maine Coon is characterized by a prominent ruff along its chest, robust bone structure, rectangular body shape, an uneven two layered coat with longer guard hairs over a silky satin undercoat, and a long, bushy tail.",
4006
        "The Maine Coon comes in almost any color or pattern with classic \"tabby\" or \"tiger cat\" patterns being most common.",
4007
        "In May 2018 the Maine Coon \"Barivel\" measured 123 cm (48.5 in) making him the longest cat ever measured. This was verified on 28 August 2010 by Guinness Book Of World Records.",
4008
        "The record for the longest whisker on a cat measured 19 cm (7.5 in) and belongs to Missi, a Maine coon who lives with her owner, Kaija Kyll\u00f6nen. The whiskers were measured in Iisvesi, Finland on 22 December 2005.",
4009
        "While most cats reach their full size within their first year, Maine coon cats can take up to five years to reach maximum height, length and weight.",
4010
        "The Maine Coon is a large and sociable cat, hence its nickname, \"the gentle giant.\"",
4011
        "The Maine Coon is the most commonly found household cat in North America. The reason for its popularity and likableness is the friendly, quick and spirited nature of this breed of cats.",
4012
        "While most cats and kittens let out a meow to communicate with their people (and occasionally, other cats), Maine coons do not truly meow. Instead, they chirp and trill (which is a combination of a meow and a purr).",
4013
        "Unlike many cats, Maine coon cats actually like water and are super strong swimmers.",
4014
        "The Maine coon cat was recognized as the official state cat of Maine in 1985."
4015
    ],
4016
    "Manatee": [
4017
        "Manatees are large, fully aquatic, marine mammals sometimes known as sea cows.",
4018
        "There are three accepted living species of Manatees: \u2022 the Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) \u2022 the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) \u2022 the West African manatee (Trichechus senegalensis)",
4019
        "Manatees inhabit the shallow, marshy coastal areas and rivers of the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico ( West Indian manatee), the Amazon basin (Amazonian manatee), and West Africa (West African manatee).",
4020
        "Manatees are long-lived and reproduce slowly. Age estimates based on growth rings in ear bones indicate life spans of up to 60 years, and at least one manatee has survived more than 70 years in captivity.",
4021
        "Manatees weigh 400 to 550 kilograms (880 to 1 thousands lb), and average 2.8 to 3 meters (9.2 to 9.8 feet) in length, sometimes growing to 4.6 meters (15 feet) and 1 thousands kilograms (3 thousands pounds). The females tend to be larger and heavier.",
4022
        "Dull gray, blackish, or brown in color, all three manatee species have stout tapered bodies ending in a flat rounded tail used for forward propulsion.",
4023
        "Manatees are excellent swimmers, able to stay submerged for more than 15 minutes, but they are incapable of travelling on land.",
4024
        "Overall, manatees appear slow moving and cumbersome, but they are graceful and can be swift underwater. Manatees usually travel at about 8 kilometers per hour (5 miles per hour), but in a pinch they can pick up the pace to 24 kilometers per hour (15 miles per hour). They often linger near the surface of the water, where they can suffer collisions with speedboats and other vessels.",
4025
        "While a manatee's eyes may appear small, their vision is acute. They are able to distinguish different sized objects, colors, and patterns.",
4026
        "While sensory systems of manatees have not been well studied, their large inner ear bones may indicate their underwater communication. The animals emit chirps, whistles, and squeaks to reach out to others.",
4027
        "Manatees are uniquely adapted for eating aquatic plants. The manatee's large lips are prehensile and studded with specialized sensory bristles and hairs (vibrissae) for discriminating between and manipulating food plants.",
4028
        "Compared with the fish and krill eaten by other marine mammals, most aquatic plants are low in energy value and protein. Manatees must therefore eat large amounts of this bulky, low-energy food to satisfy their dietary requirements. An adult manatee will commonly eat about 10% to 15% of their body weight (about 50 kg 110 pounds) per day. To handle such a diet, manatees are hindgut digesters (like horses) and have intestines as long as 30 meters (100 feet).",
4029
        "The teeth have also evolved in response to dietary demands. To counter abrasion from ingested sand and silica, manatees constantly grow new molars. These teeth progress from the rear of the jaws forward as older, worn teeth drop out at the front of the mouth. Unlike almost all other mammals, tooth replacement occurs throughout life.",
4030
        "Manatee brains are smooth (other animals, including humans have cortical folds) and its ratio of brain size to body size is the lowest of any mammal.",
4031
        "Manatees are active day and night and can sleep submerged or while breathing at the water's surface.",
4032
        "Manatees typically breed once every two years; generally only a single calf is born. Gestation lasts about 12 months and to wean the calf takes a further 12 to 18 months.",
4033
        "The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species lists all three manatee species as Vulnerable and decreasing in numbers.",
4034
        "Manatees were traditionally hunted by indigenous Caribbean people. When Christopher Columbus arrived in the region, hunting was already an established trade, although this is less common today.",
4035
        "The closest living relatives to the manatee are the elephant and the hyrax. They diverged from a common land mammal over 50 million years ago.",
4036
        "The Order Sirenia consists of the three manatee species and another rare marine mammal called the dugong."
4037
    ],
4038
    "Mandrill": [
4039
        "The mandrill is a primate of the Old World monkey family.",
4040
        "It is one of two species assigned to the genus Mandrillus, along with the drill.",
4041
        "Mandrills are the largest of all monkeys.",
4042
        "Average life span in the wild is 20 years; the longest recorded lifespan for a captive mandrill is 46 years.",
4043
        "Mandrills are extremely colorful, perhaps more so than any other mammal.",
4044
        "An adult male mandrill that has the brightest and most distinctive colors on his face seems to be most attractive to females.",
4045
        "Mandrill's body is covered with dense olive green fur. Males have yellow-orange beards.",
4046
        "Mandrills are mostly diurnal, with activities extending from morning to evening.",
4047
        "Mandrills have a special way of carrying foods. They have large cheek pouches inside their mouths that they can stuff full of food to eat at a later time.",
4048
        "Mandrills are omnivorous animals and therefore eat almost anything. The mandrill primarily feeds on fruits, berries, seeds, nuts, roots, leaves, insects and even small mammals and reptiles.",
4049
        "They have extremely long canine teeth which can be over 5 centimeters (2 inches) long and can be used for self-defense\u2014though baring them is typically a friendly gesture among mandrills.",
4050
        "Mandrills live in small social units but often join up with other small groups to form larger ones called hordes. One of the largest groups documented numbered over 1 thousands0 mandrills!",
4051
        "Mandrill hordes are noisy. The animals communicate with deep grunts and high-pitched screams while they forage and travel.",
4052
        "Like all monkeys, mandrills communicate through scent marks, vocalizations, and body language.",
4053
        "Mandrills can mate throughout the whole year but their mating season peaks from July to September.",
4054
        "The gestation period for the mandrill is about six months.",
4055
        "Female mandrills usually give birth to one baby.",
4056
        "The leopard is the main predator of the mandrill, along with large snakes and birds of prey, who prey more upon the mandrill young.",
4057
        "The human is also one of the mandrill's main predators as they have hunted the mandrill over the years for meat.",
4058
        "The mandrill is considered vulnerable by IUCN and is affected by deforestation.However, hunting for bushmeat is the more direct threat.",
4059
        "Charles Darwin wrote in The Descent of Man that \"no other member in the whole class of mammals is coloured in so extraordinary a manner as the adult male mandrill's\".",
4060
        "The character Rafiki in Disney's \"The Lion King\" is referred to as a baboon. But take a closer look, and you'll see he has the colorful face of a mandrill."
4061
    ],
4062
    "Manta Ray": [
4063
        "Manta rays are large flattened fish in the genus Manta.",
4064
        "Broadly speaking, manta rays live in tropical, subtropical and temperate oceans worldwide.",
4065
        "There are two species of manta ray: \u2022 the giant oceanic manta ray (Manta birostris) \u2022 the reef manta ray (Manta alfredi)",
4066
        "The giant oceanic manta ray can grow to a disc size of up to 7 m (23 ft) with a weight of about 1 thousands kg (2 thousands lb) but average size commonly observed is 4.5 m (15 ft).",
4067
        "The reef manta ray can grow to a disc size of up to 5 m (16 ft) but average size commonly observed is 3 to 3.5 m (11 ft).",
4068
        "Manta rays have approximately 300 rows of skin-covered teeth in its lower jaw.",
4069
        "Manta rays have the largest brain of all the world's fishes, and much remains to be discovered about its intelligence and social interactions.",
4070
        "Manta rays move through the water by the wing-like movements of their pectoral fins, which drive water backwards.",
4071
        "Manta rays must swim continuously to keep oxygenated water passing over their gills.",
4072
        "The giant oceanic manta ray spend most of its life far from land travelling with the currents and migrating to areas where upwellings of nutrient-rich water increase the availability of zooplankton. The oceanic manta ray is often in association with offshore oceanic islands.",
4073
        "Compared to the giant oceanic manta ray, the reef manta ray tends to be found in shallower, more coastal habitats, but local migrations are sometimes reported.",
4074
        "Despite their status as an ocean giant, manta rays feed on some of the smallest organisms in the sea! They are planktivores, feeding especially on zooplankton; tiny animals such copepods, mysid shrimps and arrow worms. Mantas are known to make seasonal migrations in order to take advantage of particularly abundant areas of food.",
4075
        "Manta rays are ovoviviparous. The female gives birth to live offspring, but these develop in eggs inside the mother. After a gestation period of twelve to thirteen months, the female manta rays give birth to a single pup (although occasionally they may also give birth to twins), which measures roughly 1.5 meters (5 feet) across from wing-tip to wing-tip at birth.",
4076
        "Manta rays may live for as long as 50 years.",
4077
        "Because of their large size only the largest of marine predators, such as the great white, tiger, greater hammerhead and bull sharks, or the false killer whale and orca would attempt to attack an adult manta ray.",
4078
        "Sites at which manta rays congregate attract tourists, and manta viewing generates substantial annual revenue for local communities. Tourist sites exist in the Bahamas, the Cayman Islands, Spain, Fiji, Thailand, Indonesia, Hawaii, Western Australia and the Maldives.",
4079
        "The ancient Peruvian Moche people worshipped the sea and its animals. Their art often depicts manta rays."
4080
    ],
4081
    "Markhor": [
4082
        "The markhor is a large wild goat.",
4083
        "Markhors are adapted to mountainous terrain, and can be found between 600 and 3 thousands meters (2 thousands and 11 thousands feet) above sea level.",
4084
        "The lifespan of the markhor is from 11 to 13 years.",
4085
        "Markhor stand 65 to 115 cm (26 to 45 inches) at the shoulder, 132 to 186 cm (52 to 73 inches) in length and weigh from 32 to 110 kg (71 to 243 pounds). Males are substantially larger than females.",
4086
        "Perhaps the most agile of all goats, the markhor is perfectly adapted to life on these sheer slopes. They are so sure-footed they can even climb trees.",
4087
        "The markhor is a herbivorous animal that feed on a variety of vegetation including grasses, leaves, herbs, fruits and flowers. Their diets shift seasonally: in the spring and summer periods they graze, but turn to browsing in winter, sometimes standing on their hind legs to reach high branches.",
4088
        "Like other wild goats, the markhor play a valuable role within their eco-system as they munch the leaves from the low-lying trees and scrub, spreading the seeds in their dung.",
4089
        "Markhors live in flocks, usually numbering nine animals, composed of adult females and their young. Adult males are largely solitary.",
4090
        "Golden eagles have been reported to prey upon young markhor. Eurasian lynx, snow leopard, Himalayan wolves and brown bear are the main predators of markhor.",
4091
        "The markhor possess keen eyesight and a strong sense of smell to detect nearby predators. Markhors are very aware of their surroundings and are on high alert for predators. In exposed areas, they are quick to spot and flee from predators.",
4092
        "The markhor is the national animal of Pakistan, where it is also known as the screw horn or \"screw-horned goat\".",
4093
        "In folklore the markhor is known to kill, or literally, eat serpent. Thereafter, while chewing the cud, a foam-like substance comes out of its mouth which drops on the ground and dries. This foam-like substance is sought after by the local people, who believe it is useful in extracting the poison from snakebites."
4094
    ],
4095
    "Marmot": [
4096
        "Marmots are large squirrels in the genus Marmota.",
4097
        "There are 15 species of marmots.",
4098
        "In the wild, marmots can live from 6 to 15 years, depending on the species. If kept in captivity, marmots can live up to 18 years.",
4099
        "Marmots are big and chubby with very short legs and bulky bodies. They are very cute and furry with wide faces and short muzzles. They have small ears with fur on them and busy tails.",
4100
        "All marmots closely resemble each other with a few differences in color, coat and size.",
4101
        "An adult marmot may stand at 13-18 cm (5.1-7.1 in) at the shoulder. They reach between 30 and 60 cm (11.8 and 23.6 in) in length, not including the tail, which measures between 10 to 25 cm (3.9 to 9.8 in).",
4102
        "The fur coat of marmots have colors that range from dark gray to brown to yellowish-white, this helps the marmots to blend in with the environment.",
4103
        "Each of marmot's forefoot has four-toes with long concave claws for burrowing, and each hind foot has five toes.",
4104
        "Marmots like all rodents, are noted for their teeth. They have a pair of large incisors on the upper and one on the lower jaw that grow continuously and need to be kept short and sharpened by frequent gnawing.",
4105
        "Marmots rely on their senses to survive, and so have a good sense of smell and hearing. However, their eyesight is good but short-sighted.",
4106
        "Marmots live in a variety of social systems ranging from the mostly solitary groundhog to those highly social species where offspring from several years live together with their parents and, may help rear younger siblings.",
4107
        "Marmots communicate by a variety of visual and audio signals, they scream, whistle and use tooth chattering as means of communication. When predators approach, marmots make a high pitched, whistle-like sound to alert others.",
4108
        "Marmots are active during the day (diurnal).",
4109
        "Marmots typically live in burrows, and hibernate there through the winter. Burrows can be as deep as 7 meters (22 feet).",
4110
        "Marmots are mainly herbivorous, mainly eating greens. They eat many types of grasses, berries, lichens, mosses, roots, and flowers. However they sometimes on rare occasions eat insects.",
4111
        "Although most marmots are monogamous, in some species, females have multiple mates.",
4112
        "The mating season for marmots occurs in the spring, right after their hibernation period comes to a close, which gives their offspring the highest possible chance of storing enough fat to survive the coming winter.",
4113
        "Ecologically, marmots are a source of food for such animals as wolves, foxes, coyotes, bears, and eagles, with the young marmots particularly susceptible to predation.",
4114
        "Marmots have been an historical source of meat, fat, and fur for early Europeans, Native Americans and Asian people.",
4115
        "The etymology of the term \"marmot\" is uncertain. It may have arisen from the Gallo-Romance prefix marm-, meaning to mumble or murmur (an example of onomatopoeia). Another possible origin is post-classical Latin, mus montanus, meaning \"mountain mouse\".",
4116
        "People who study marmots are called \"marmoteers\" or \"marmotologists\".",
4117
        "Marmots have been known since antiquity.",
4118
        "Research by the French ethnologist Michel Peissel claimed the story of \"gold-digging ants\" reported by the Ancient Greek historian Herodotus, who lived in the fifth century BCE, was founded on the golden Himalayan marmot of the Deosai Plateau and the habit of local tribes such as the Brokpa to collect the gold dust excavated from their burrows.",
4119
        "During the 20th century, marmot fur was fashionable in Europe, and it is estimated that Mongolians, who did not use marmot skins traditionally, prepared approximately 132 thousands marmot skins a year between 1906 and 1994.",
4120
        "The endangered Vancouver Island marmot remains one of the world's rarest mammals.",
4121
        "Marmots' evolutionary history is recorded in North America by fossils of extinct species from the late Miocene Epoch (13.8 million to 5.3 million years ago). In Eurasia there is no evidence earlier than the Pleistocene Epoch (2.6 million to 11 thousands years ago)."
4122
    ],
4123
    "Meerkat": [
4124
        "The meerkat or suricate is a small carnivoran belonging to the mongoose family.",
4125
        "Meerkats live in the deserts and grasslands of the southern tip of Africa.",
4126
        "Meerkats are small animals, measuring 25 to 30 centimeters (9.8 to 11.8 inches) from head to rump. Their tails add another 19 to 24 centimeters (7.5 to 9.5 inches) to their length; females slightly larger than males.",
4127
        "A group of meerkats is called a mob, gang or clan.",
4128
        "Meerkats have a matriarchal society.",
4129
        "A meerkat clan often contains about 20 meerkats, but some super-families have 50 or more members.",
4130
        "For meerkats, there isn't just safety in numbers\u2014there's also companionship.",
4131
        "Meerkat mobs spend a lot of their time grooming and playing together to keep the family as a tight unit.",
4132
        "There are few animals on Earth who work as well together as meerkats.",
4133
        "One of the most important roles a meerkat plays is that of the sentry, or watch guard.",
4134
        "If the meerkat on guard spots danger, it barks loudly or whistles in one of six different ways. For example if the threat is of low, medium or high urgency and if the predator is in the air or on the ground.",
4135
        "Eating both plants and animals, meerkats are omnivores. Their diet mostly consists of insects, which they sniff out using their enhanced sense of smell. They also eat small rodents, fruit, eggs, birds, lizards, and even poisonous scorpions.",
4136
        "Meerkats are diurnal: once the sun is up, they carefully emerge from their burrow and spend some time sunbathing and grooming.",
4137
        " Dark patches around their eyes act to cut down on the sun's glare, and long, horizontal pupils give meerkats a wide range of vision.",
4138
        "The meerkat uses its tail to balance when standing upright. They often stand up in the morning to absorb heat on their bellies after a long cold desert night.",
4139
        "Meerkats are excellent diggers, they have long, strong, curved claws that they use for digging burrows.",
4140
        "Meerkats can close their ears, and membrane covers and protects their eyes while they dig.",
4141
        "Meerkats have scent pouches below their tails and rub these pouches on rocks and plants to mark their territory.The territories of different groups often overlap, resulting in constant disputes. When the two groups meet fora face-off, the results can be tragic. Meerkats are vicious fighters that often kill each other in these skirmishes.",
4142
        "Females give birth to 1 to 8 babies at a time, but it is more common for meerkat mothers to have 2 to 4 offspring at a time.",
4143
        "The babysitters' main job is to protect pups from meerkats in rival mobs, who will kill the babies if they can.",
4144
        "Young meerkats do not know what kind of food to eat, so their mother or another adult teaches them.",
4145
        "Meerkat's natural predators include including hawks, eagles, snakes and jackals.",
4146
        "Meerkats have been known to kill venomous snakes, but they don't accomplish this task alone\u2014they work as a mob.",
4147
        " Meerkats are immune to scorpion venom, and they can withstand up to six times the snake venom that would kill a rabbit.",
4148
        "Able to survive without drinking water, meerkats get the moisture they need from eating roots and tubers as well as fruit such as tsama melons.",
4149
        "The Meerkat is one of those species that has always fascinated people with their characteristic behaviours having made them one of Africa's most iconic small mammal species.",
4150
        "Most people know meerkats from the character Timon in The Lion King animated movie."
4151
    ],
4152
    "Mink": [
4153
        "The word \"mink\" is used for the two sole species of these animals still residing on the planet.",
4154
        "These semi-aquatic species are the American mink (Neovison vison) and the European mink (Mustela lutreola).",
4155
        "American mink roam all over both Canada and the United States, although they are nonexistent in a handful of states and regions \u2014 think Arizona and Hawaii.",
4156
        "European mink, true to their monikers, live all the way across the pond in nations such as Spain, France and Russia.",
4157
        "Although both types of mink are undeniably similar animals, they have their fair share of individual qualities, too.",
4158
        "The American mink is larger and more adaptable than the European mink but, due to variations in size, an individual mink usually cannot be determined as European or American with certainty without looking at the skeleton.",
4159
        "In the wild, mink are small, discreet, and most often nocturnal, and they live in close proximity to water.",
4160
        "The lifespan of minks is about 3 years in the wild and up to 10 years in captivity.",
4161
        "The body is long and slender with short legs and a pointy, flat face. The toes are partially webbed, showing the mink's semi-aquatic nature.",
4162
        "A mink's rich glossy coat in its wild state is brown and looks silky, but farm-bred mink can vary from white to almost black. Their pelage is deep, rich brown, with or without white spots on the underparts, and consists of a slick, dense underfur overlaid with dark, glossy, almost stiff guard hairs.",
4163
        "Mink are very territorial animals. A male mink will not tolerate another male within its territory, but appears to be less aggressive towards females. Generally, the territories of both male and female animals are separate, but a female's territory may sometimes overlap with that of a male. Very occasionally it may be totally within a male's.",
4164
        "Minks have excellent senses of vision, smell, and hearing.",
4165
        "A mink can run at speeds up to 13 km/h (8 mph).",
4166
        "Mink are very territorial animals. A male mink will not tolerate another male within its territory, but appears to be less aggressive towards females. Generally, the territories of both male and female animals are separate, but a female's territory may sometimes overlap with that of a male.",
4167
        "Mink communicate using a variety of cues, including chemical, visual, and auditory signals. They are fairly quiet, but rely heavily on chemical signaling for communicating territorial boundaries and reproductive status.",
4168
        "Mink have few natural enemies. They are occasionally killed by coyotes, bobcats and other carnivores, but their main threat remains humans.",
4169
        "The main threat towards mink survival is the continued existence of the fur market.",
4170
        "Mink pelts have for years been considered one of the most luxurious furs on the market. Originally all fur came from natural populations, causing a severe strain on the species. However, starting in the mid 1900s, mink ranches were established to help bring a more consistent pelt supply to the market.",
4171
        "However, starting in the mid 1900s, mink ranches were established to help bring a more consistent pelt supply to the market. Ranching was very successful, with the number of mink ranches in the United States reaching a high of 7200 during the mid-1960s.",
4172
        "Mink are kept in captivity primarily for the production of their fur."
4173
    ],
4174
    "Mole": [
4175
        "Moles are small burrowing mammals.",
4176
        "There are about 42 species of moles.",
4177
        "Moles are found on every continent except Antarctica and South America.",
4178
        "The term mole is especially and most properly used for \"true moles\" of the Talpidae family in the order Eulipotyphla, which are found in most parts of North America, Asia, and Europe, although it may also refer to unrelated mammals of Australia and southern Africa that have convergently evolved the \"mole\" body plan.",
4179
        "Moles typically live underground, burrowing holes, but some species are semi-aquatic.",
4180
        "Although all moles dig tunnels, their habitat preferences vary. Some moles, such as the star-nosed mole, like moist soil and live in bogs and marshes, while others, including the eastern and star-nosed moles, live in the drier soil found in wooded areas, meadows and fields.",
4181
        "The lifespan of a mole is 3 to 6 years in the wild.",
4182
        "Moles have cylindrical bodies, velvety fur, very small, inconspicuous ears and eyes, reduced hindlimbs, and short, powerful forelimbs with large paws adapted for digging.",
4183
        "Most moles species grow from 11.5 to 16 centimeters (4.5 to 6.25 inches) long from snout to rump. Their tails add 2.5 to 4 centimeters (1 to 1.6 inches) of length.",
4184
        "The smallest mole is the American shrew mole (Neurotrichus gibbsii), which weighs only 7 to 11 grams (0.25 to 0.39 ounce) and has a body 3 to 4 cm (less than 2 inches) long and a slightly shorter tail.",
4185
        "The largest mole is the Russian desman (Desmana moschata) of central Eurasia, which weighs 100 to 220 grams (3.53 to 7.76 ounces) and has a body 18 to 22 cm (7 to 9 inches) long and a tail nearly as long.",
4186
        "Moles spend their lives underground, digging tunnels to reach their prey, which includes earthworms, snails, slugs, grubs and any other insects they can find. In such a dark, dirt-filled environment, moles don't need senses such as powerful eyesight like some other animals do, but they depend on other adaptations for their health and survival.",
4187
        "The muzzle is tipped with thousands of microscopic tactile structures (Eimer's organs). Using these structures and sensory hairs along the muzzle and elsewhere on the body, moles detect and differentiate details of their environment and their prey.",
4188
        "Few mammals could survive extended periods in underground tunnels without a regular source of oxygen. Moles, however, show no adverse affects when exposed to high levels of carbon dioxide, or conversely, low levels of oxygen, for long periods of time. Specialized blood cells affect the way hemoglobin binds to carbon dioxide, allowing them to breathe in the same air they just breathed out without any ill effects.",
4189
        "Moles are generally active all year and by day or night in cycles of activity and rest. Typical moles will only infrequently go to the surface to gather nest materials and seek water during drought.",
4190
        "They are solitary creatures, coming together only to mate. Territories may overlap, but moles avoid each other and males may fight fiercely if they meet.",
4191
        "Male moles are called \"boars\", females are called \"sows\". A group of moles is called a \"labour\".",
4192
        "One mole can easily eat 70 to 100 percent of its weight in food each day.",
4193
        "The star-nosed mole can detect, catch and eat food faster than the human eye can follow.",
4194
        "The expression \"don't make a mountain out of a mole hill\" \u2013 exaggerating problems \u2013 was first recorded in Tudor times."
4195
    ],
4196
    "Monarch Butterfly": [
4197
        "Monarch butterfly eat flower nectar trough their new straw like mouth."
4198
    ],
4199
    "Mongoose": [
4200
        "Mongooses are weasel-like creatures that belong to the family Herpestidae.",
4201
        "There are 34 species of mongoose.",
4202
        "Mongooses are primarily found in Africa, their range covering most of the continent. Some species occupy parts of southern Asia and the Iberian Peninsula. And some species of mongoose have been introduced into other areas of the world, such as Caribbean and Hawaiian islands.",
4203
        "Mongooses live from 6 to 10 years in the wild and up to 20 years in captivity.",
4204
        "With so many different species of mongoose, sizes vary greatly.",
4205
        "The smallest mongoose is common dwarf mongoose (Helogale parvula). It grows to from 18 to 28 centimeters in length and weighs 210 to 350 grams; in fact, it is Africa's smallest carnivore.",
4206
        "The largest mongoose is white-tailed mongoose (Ichneumia albicauda). It has a head-and-body length of 53\u201371 centimeters (21-28 inches) and a tail length of 40\u201347 centimeters (16-19 inches) and weighs about 5 kilograms (11 pounds).",
4207
        "The typical mongoose has a long-shaped face and body, short legs and little round ears.",
4208
        "Mongooses are diurnal, which means that they are active during the day and sleep at night.",
4209
        "Mongooses tend to live in burrows that other animals have abandoned. They rarely dig burrows on their own.",
4210
        "The mongoose is a small animal but an excellent hunter, with keen senses of smell, sight and hearing, and remarkable reflexes.",
4211
        "Mongooses are mostly carnivores, feeding on insects, crabs, earthworms, lizards, snakes, rodents, and other small creatures. However, they also eat eggs and carrion.",
4212
        "The Indian gray mongoose and others are well known for their ability to fight and kill venomous snakes, particularly cobras. They are adept at such tasks due to their agility, thick coats, and specialized acetylcholine receptors which make it, not fully immune, but relatively tolerant of cobra venom.",
4213
        "Mongooses have gestation periods of 42 to 105 days and give birth to one to six offspring at a time.",
4214
        "A baby mongoose spends most of its time playing and wrestling with litter mates while the adults in the pack forage. When an adult uncovers a beetle, digs up a millipede or snatches an egg, the pups forget about play and beg for a meal using high-pitched chirps like baby birds. Youngsters of most species remain with their family group for life.",
4215
        "The natural enemies of mongooses are snakes, hawks, jackals and storks.",
4216
        "The word \"mongoose\" is derived from the Marathi name mung\u016bs. The form of the English name (since 1698) was altered to its \"-goose\" ending by folk-etymology. It has no etymological connection with the word goose.",
4217
        "Several species of mongoose show an example of simple tool use by throwing or dropping eggs, shellfish and nuts against rocks to open them.",
4218
        "The average top speed of a Mongoose is 32 kilometers (20 miles) per hour.",
4219
        "The mongoose has horizontal pupils.",
4220
        "Despite popular belief, mongooses are not rodents.",
4221
        "The meerkat is a species of mongoose.",
4222
        "Mongooses have been introduced to a number of places, usually to help control snakes and rodent pests. Unfortunately, this has rarely, if ever worked, and the the introduced mongooses have generally been a worse problem than the creatures they were introduced to control.",
4223
        "The Buddhist god of wealth Vai\u015brava\u1e47a, or Dzambala for Tibetans, is frequently depicted holding a mongoose that is spitting jewels from its mouth.",
4224
        "The Hindu god of wealth, Kubera, is often portrayed holding a mongoose in his left hand, hence the sight of a mongoose is considered lucky by some.",
4225
        "Mongooses are a common spectacle at roadside shows in Pakistan.",
4226
        "Snake charmers keep mongooses for mock fights with snakes.",
4227
        "A well-known fictional mongoose is Rikki-Tikki-Tavi, which appears in a short story of the same title in The Jungle Book (1894) by Rudyard Kipling."
4228
    ],
4229
    "Monitor Lizard": [
4230
        "The monitor lizards are large lizards in the genus Varanus.",
4231
        "There are 79 species of monitor lizard.",
4232
        "Monitor lizards come from many different corners of the planet, and as a result reside in many different types of habitats.",
4233
        "The average lifespan of most monitor lizard species varies from 8 to 30 years.",
4234
        "Although normally solitary, groups as large as 25 individual monitor lizards are common in ecosystems that have limited water resources.",
4235
        "Monitor lizards have sharp and sensitive eyesight. They can see objects from far away and use this advantage to identify pray and keep their distance from predators. Their visual field spans 240 degrees.",
4236
        "Most monitor lizard species are carnivorous and often consume large insects and spiders, other lizards, small mammals, birds, eggs, amphibians and fish. The Komodo dragon is known to capture much larger prey such as water buffalo. Some species also eat fruit and vegetation.",
4237
        "Monitor lizards differ from most other known species of lizards in that they have a high metabolism. This means they must be fed more often than other lizards. In fact, while they are referred to as \"lizards,\" monitors are thought to be most closely related to snakes.",
4238
        "Monitor lizards are oviparous, laying from 7 to 37 eggs, which they often cover with soil or protect in a hollow tree stump. Some monitor lizards, including the Komodo dragon, are capable of parthenogenesis (a natural form of asexual reproduction).",
4239
        "According to IUCN Red List of threatened species, most of the Monitor lizards species fall in the categories of least concern but the population is decreasing globally.",
4240
        "In English, they are known as \"monitors\" or \"monitor lizards\". The earlier term \"monitory lizard\" became rare by about 1920. The name may have been suggested by the occasional habit of varanids to stand on their two hind legs and to appear to \"monitor\", or perhaps from their supposed habit of \"warning persons of the approach of venomous animals\".",
4241
        "Monitor lizards have become a staple in the reptile pet trade. The most commonly kept monitors are the savannah monitor and Ackies monitor, due to their relatively small size, low cost, and relatively calm dispositions with regular handling.",
4242
        "The skin of monitor lizards is used in making a carnatic music percussion instrument called a kanjira. It is an instrument of the tambourine family."
4243
    ],
4244
    "Monkey": [
4245
        "Monkeys are furry animals with long, fur-covered tails and hands with thumbs.",
4246
        "There are more than 260 different species of monkeys in the world.",
4247
        "Monkeys are often divided into old world monkeys and new world monkeys, depending on where they live in the world. The New World monkeys live in the Americas, while Old World monkeys live in Asia and Africa.",
4248
        "There are a few characteristics that are different between the Old World and New World monkeys: The noses of New World monkeys are flatter than the narrow noses of the Old World monkeys, and have side-facing nostrils. Old World monkeys don't have prehensile tails; New World monkeys do. Old World monkeys have cheek pouches, where food is stuffed on the run so it can be chewed later; New World monkeys don't have cheek pouches. Old World monkeys have sitting pads on their rumps, but New World monkeys do not.",
4249
        "Monkeys should be distinguished from apes, as most monkeys have tails and apes do not.",
4250
        "Monkeys generally reside in forests, high plains, grasslands and mountains.",
4251
        "The lifespan of a monkey is 10 to 50 years, depending on the species.",
4252
        "The smallest species of monkey is the pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea), with a head-body length ranging from 117 to 152 millimeters (4.6 to 6 inches) and a tail of 172 to 229 millimeters (6.8 to 9 inches).",
4253
        "The largest species of monkey is the mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx), at 1 meter (3.3 feet) long and weighing up to 36 kilograms (79 pounds).",
4254
        "Many monkey species are tree-dwelling (arboreal), although there are species that live primarily on the ground, such as baboons.",
4255
        "Monkeys are very social animals that usually eat, sleep and travel in groups. A troop can number from a few individuals to a thousand or more, depending on the species.",
4256
        "Groups of monkeys are known as a 'troop', 'tribe' or 'mission'.",
4257
        "Monkeys use vocalizations, facial expressions, and body movements to communicate.",
4258
        "Monkeys express affection and make peace with others by grooming each other.",
4259
        "Monkeys are omnivores. Different monkey species eat a variety of foods, such as fruit, flowers, leaves, seeds, nuts, honey, eggs, insects and reptiles.",
4260
        "It is quite common for male monkeys to fight in order to become the alpha or leader of the group, since that accords them the right to mate with the females in the group.",
4261
        "Monkeys do not have a definite mating season and can be seen mating at any time of the year provided the conditions are right. Most mate if there is a good supply of food and the environment seems safe for rearing young ones.",
4262
        "The gestation period lasts between 134 to 237 days, depending on the species. Most monkeys give birth to only one baby at a time.",
4263
        "Once born, baby monkeys are primarily cared for by their mother. If the monkeys are monogamous, the baby monkey may be cared for by both parents. Many times, a young monkey will ride on its mother's back or hang from her neck. The baby is considered an adult between four and five years old.",
4264
        "Monkey predation depends on the species of monkey and the area to which it is indigenous. The predators that target monkeys in the rainforest, for example, include crocodiles, big cats, caimans and snakes.",
4265
        "There is information to suggest that monkeys have been around for roughly 50 million years, evolving from early primates.",
4266
        "Monkeys are generally considered to be intelligent, particularly Old World monkeys.",
4267
        "Monkeys can count.",
4268
        "Patas monkeys can run on the ground at up to 55 kilometer (34 miles) per hour, making them the fastest primate on land.",
4269
        "Howler monkeys are the loudest monkeys\u2014their deep, howling calls can be heard almost 3 kilometers (2 miles) through the forest and more than 5 kilometers (3 miles) over open areas like lakes. The males call to announce their territory to other troops.",
4270
        "The many species of monkey have varied relationships with humans. Some are kept as pets, others used as model organisms in laboratories or in space missions.",
4271
        "The first monkey in space was Albert II, who flew in the US-launched V-2 rocket on June 14, 1949.",
4272
        "Monkeys are trained and employed as harvesters of large coconut plantations in Malaysia and Thailand.",
4273
        "There's a restaurant in Japan using monkeys as waiters.",
4274
        "In 2011, a monkey was arrested in Pakistan for crossing the border with India.",
4275
        "Monkey brains are eaten as a delicacy in parts of South Asia, Africa and China.",
4276
        "Hanuman, a prominent divine entity in Hinduism, is a human-like monkey god. He bestows courage, strength and longevity to the person who thinks about him or the god Rama.",
4277
        "In Buddhism, the monkey is an early incarnation of Buddha but may also represent trickery and ugliness. The Chinese Buddhist \"mind monkey\" metaphor refers to the unsettled, restless state of human mind.",
4278
        "The Monkey is the ninth in the twelve-year cycle of animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac related to the Chinese calendar.",
4279
        "According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word \"monkey\" may originate in a German version of the Reynard the Fox fable, published circa 1580. In this version of the fable, a character named Moneke is the son of Martin the Ape. In English, no very clear distinction was originally made between \"ape\" and \"monkey\"; thus the 1910 Encyclopedia Britannica entry for \"ape\" notes that it is either a synonym for \"monkey\" or is used to mean a tailless humanlike primate."
4280
    ],
4281
    "Moose": [
4282
        "The moose is the largest species in the deer family.",
4283
        "Moose live in the northern regions of North America, Europe and Asia. Currently, most moose are found in Canada, Alaska, New England, Scandinavia, Latvia, Estonia and Russia.",
4284
        "The lifespan of a moose is about 15\u201325 years.",
4285
        "On average, an adult moose stands 1.4\u20132.1 meters (4.6\u20136.9 feet) high at the shoulder. Males normally weigh from 380 to 700 kilograms (838 to 1 thousands pounds) and females typically weigh 200 to 490 kilograms (441 to 1 thousands pounds). The head-and-body length is 2.4\u20133.1 meters (7.9\u201310.2 ft), with the vestigial tail adding only a further 5\u201312 centimeters (2.0\u20134.7 inches).",
4286
        "Moose have long faces and muzzles that dangle over their chins.",
4287
        "Most moose have a pendant of fur-covered skin, about 30 centimeters (12 inches) long, called a bell, hanging from the throat.",
4288
        "Moose hair is hollow, which helps keep it warm.",
4289
        "The male moose have antlers like other members of the deer family. These can grow up to 1.8 meters (5.9 feet) wide from tip to tip.",
4290
        "Bull moose use dominant displays of antlers to discourage competition and will spar or fight rivals. After the mating season males drop their antlers to conserve energy for the winter. A new set of antlers will then regrow in the spring.",
4291
        "The moose is a herbivore and is capable of consuming many types of plant or fruit.",
4292
        "Moose are not grazing animals but browsers (concentrate selectors).",
4293
        "Moose have four-chambered stomachs, as do cows. They regurgitate partially digested food and \"chew their cud\". Food is fermented in the first chamber, and nutrients are extracted in the next three.",
4294
        "Unlike most hooved, domesticated animals, moose cannot digest hay, and feeding it to a moose can be fatal. The moose's varied and complex diet is typically expensive for humans to provide, and free-range moose require a lot of forested acreage for sustainable survival, which is one of the main reasons moose have never been widely domesticated.",
4295
        "Moose are excellent swimmers and are known to wade into water to eat aquatic plants both at and below the surface.",
4296
        "Moose are at home in the water despite their staggering bulk. They have been seen paddling several miles at a time, and will even submerge completely, staying under for 30 seconds or more.",
4297
        "The hump on a moose back is actually caused by massive shoulder muscles.",
4298
        "A moose's wide hooves act like built-in snowshoes, helping the moose walk in the snow.",
4299
        "Moose have poor eyesight, but they have excellent sense of hearing and smell.",
4300
        "Moose are mostly diurnal animals.",
4301
        "Unlike most other deer species, moose are solitary animals and do not form herds.",
4302
        "A full-grown moose has few enemies except Siberian tigers which regularly prey on adult moose, but a pack of gray wolves can still pose a threat, especially to females with calves. Bears are also known to prey on moose of various sizes and are the only predator besides the wolf to attack moose both in Eurasia and North America.",
4303
        "The moose, along with the beaver, is one of the national animals of Canada. It is also considered the national animal of Sweden and Norway. In Norway it is often referred to as 'the king of the forest'. The moose is the state animal of Alaska and Maine.",
4304
        "In Europe the moose is known as the elk.",
4305
        "European rock drawings and cave paintings reveal that moose have been hunted since the Stone Age.",
4306
        "Moose are hunted as a game species in many of the countries where they are found.",
4307
        "Moose are not currently threatened, despite being hunted.",
4308
        "Moose are not usually aggressive towards humans, but can be provoked or frightened to behave with aggression. In terms of raw numbers, they attack more people than bears and wolves combined, but usually with only minor consequences. In the Americas, moose injure more people than any other wild mammal, and worldwide, only hippopotamuses injure more."
4309
    ],
4310
    "Moth": [
4311
        "Moths are a group of insects related to butterflies belonging to the order Lepidoptera.",
4312
        "There are approximately 160 thousands species of moth.",
4313
        "Moths live in a wide variety of different habitats. They are highly adaptable to their surroundings and can be found in habitats all over the world, except in polar regions.",
4314
        "Moths come in a spectacular range of sizes, shapes and colors.",
4315
        "The smallest moth in the world is the Stigmella maya, and the forewing measures just 1.2 millimetres. It is found in Yucatan in Mexico.",
4316
        "The largest moth in the world is the Atlas moth (Attacus atlas), with wingspan of up to 30 cm (12 inches) and a surface area of 400 square centimeters (62 square inches). It is found in the tropical and subtropical forests of Southeast Asia.",
4317
        "Moths have wings that are covered with tiny scales. Each scale has a color, and together they give these insects their amazing wing patterns. Color patterns vary a lot, but they are usually either camouflaged or bright with warning colors.",
4318
        "Some moths are notorious for their ability to impersonate other animals. To avoid being eaten, some moths have evolved to look like less palatable insects, such as wasps, tarantulas and the praying mantis. Some moths even mimic bird droppings.",
4319
        "The Madagascan sunset moth (Chrysiridia rhipheus) is considered one of the most impressive and appealing-looking lepidopterans. Famous worldwide, it is featured in most coffee table books on Lepidoptera and is much sought after by collectors.",
4320
        "Most species of moth are nocturnal, but there are also crepuscular and diurnal species.",
4321
        "A truly bizarre group of moths, Calyptra, can actually suck blood! The common name of many of these species, vampire moth, refers to the habit that they have of drinking blood from vertebrates. According to a recent study, some of them (C. thalictri) are even capable of drinking human blood through skin.",
4322
        "This has worked out pretty well for them for 190 thousands thousands years, but in the past 50-75 years man-made lights have made things occasionally confusing for them. Before that, the only thing that would confuse them would be rare small fires. (If a moth is in the middle of a forest fire, navigation is the least of its problems.) And, again, even there many of the confused moths would not be harmed, but would merely orbit in circles or outward spirals until the fire died out.",
4323
        "Moths usualy use chemical senses to find each other in the dark. Some male moths can smell a single female from 11 kilometers (7 miles) away.",
4324
        "Many birds rely on moth caterpillars for food, especially for feeding their chicks. Night-flying moths are a vital food source for bats. Moths and caterpillars are also eaten by many other animals, including other insects, spiders, frogs, toads, lizards and small mammals (such as hedgehogs).",
4325
        "Some species of moths are major agricultural pests. Their caterpillars eat crop plants. Some get in stored food like grain, or eat wool and fur.",
4326
        "Night-blooming flowers usually depend on moths or bats for pollination.",
4327
        "Silk is produced by several insects, but generally only the silk of moth caterpillars has been used for textile manufacturing.",
4328
        "Some species of moth do not have mouth in the adult stage. They have short lifespan and their only purpose is to reproduce and lay eggs.",
4329
        "Moths evolved long before butterflies, fossils having been found that may be 190 million years old.",
4330
        "Although the rules for distinguishing moths from butterflies are not well established, one very good guiding principle is that butterflies have thin antennae and have small balls or clubs at the end of their antennae. Moth antennae can be quite varied in appearance, but in particular lack the club end.",
4331
        "Also butterflies hold their wings up and down over their backs, while moths usually hold them folded down flat.",
4332
        "A 2004 survey by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization found that 90 percent of people in some African countries eat moth and butterfly caterpillars.",
4333
        "The old saying \"like a moth to a flame\" describes someone with an unswerving yet self-destructive attraction."
4334
    ],
4335
    "Mourning Dove": [
4336
        "The mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) is a member of the dove family, Columbidae.",
4337
        "The bird is also known as the American mourning dove or the rain dove.",
4338
        "There are five subspecies of mourning dove: \u2022 Eastern (Zenaida macroura carolinensis) \u2022 Clarion Island (Zenaida macroura clarionensis) \u2022 West Indian (Zenaida macroura macroura) \u2022 Western (Zenaida macroura marginella) \u2022 Panama (Zenaida macroura turturilla)",
4339
        "Mourning doves are highly adaptable birds and are found in a wide variety of habitats. They are more common in open woodlands and forest edges near grasslands, fields, farms and urban areas.",
4340
        "The average lifespan of the mourning dove is 4 to 5 years in the wild and up to 19 years in captivity.",
4341
        "The mourning dove is a medium-sized, slender dove approximately 31 cm (12 in) in length.",
4342
        "Mourning doves weigh from 112 to 170 g (4 to 6 oz), usually closer to 128 g (4.5 oz).",
4343
        "Mourning doves eat almost exclusively seeds, which make up more than 99% of their diet. They eat agricultural crops, especially cereal grains such as corn, millet, rye, barley, and oats. Rarely, they will eat snails or insects.",
4344
        "Mourning doves generally eat enough to fill their crops and then fly away to digest while resting.",
4345
        "Like other dove, the mourning dove drinks by suction, without lifting or tilting its head. It often gathers at drinking spots around dawn and dusk.",
4346
        "The mourning dove is monogamous and forms strong pair bonds. Pairs typically reconvene in the same area the following breeding season, and sometimes may remain together throughout the winter.",
4347
        "Female mourning doves generally lay two small, white eggs in an open nest. Both sexes incubate, the male from morning to afternoon, and the female the rest of the day and at night. Mourning doves are devoted parents; nests are very rarely left unattended by the adults.",
4348
        "Adult mourning doves will try to lure predators away from their nests by pretending to be injured. This is called the \"broken-wing feign.\" They flutter about on the ground in front of the predator, as if they had a broken wing, and lure them away from the area of their nest.",
4349
        "The mourning dove is one of the most abundant and widespread of all North American birds.",
4350
        "The number of individual mourning doves is estimated to be approximately 475 million.",
4351
        "The eastern mourning dove is Wisconsin's official symbol of peace. The bird is also Michigan's state bird of peace.",
4352
        "References to mourning doves appear frequently in Native American literature. Mourning Dove was the pen name of Christine Quintasket, one of the first published Native American women authors.",
4353
        "Mourning dove imagery also turns up in contemporary American and Canadian poetry in the work of poets as diverse as Robert Bly, Jared Carter, Lorine Niedecker, and Charles Wright."
4354
    ],
4355
    "Mule": [
4356
        "The mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) is a deer species native to western North America.",
4357
        "Mule deer prefer open grasslands and perk-lands, or forest edge ecosystems. The habitat varies largely due to the massive range of mule deer across western North America.",
4358
        "It is named for its ears, which are large like those of the mule.",
4359
        "The average lifespan for mule deer is from 8 to 10 years in the wild, while in captivity individuals may live up to 20 years.",
4360
        "The mule deer has a height from 80 to 106 cm (31 to 42 in) at the shoulders and a nose-to-tail length ranging from 1.2 to 2.1 m (3.9 to 6.9 ft).",
4361
        "The color of the mule deer's coat changes with the seasons, from short, reddish-brown in the summer, to longer, grayish-tan in the winter months. The rump patch may be white or yellow, while the throat patch is white. The white tails of most mule deer terminate in a tuft of black hairs.",
4362
        "Mule deer forage for a wide variety of plants that differ with geographical ranges and seasonally depending on what resources are available. They are generally considered browsers, eating twigs and other vegetative parts of woody plants, but they also eat different grasses.",
4363
        "Mule deer have excellent hearing and eyesight that warns them of approaching dangers.",
4364
        "Mating season occurs in autumn when does come into estrus for a period lasting only several days. The gestation period is approximately 200 days, with fawns arriving in the spring; the young will remain with mothers throughout the summer and become weaned in the autumn. Mule deer females usually give birth to two fawns, although if it is their first time having a fawn, they often only have one.",
4365
        "Besides humans, the three leading predators of mule deer are coyotes, wolves, and cougars. Bobcats, Canadian lynxes, wolverines, American black bears, and brown bears may prey upon adult deer, but most often only attack fawns or infirm specimens or eat the deer after it has died naturally.",
4366
        "Mule deer populations have been restored since severe depletion by market hunting took place at the end of the 19th century.",
4367
        "Mule deer have been introduced to Argentina and Hawaii.",
4368
        "The mule deer and the white-tailed deer are very similar in appearance. The most noticeable differences between white-tailed and mule deer are the size of their ears, the color of their tails, and the configuration of their antlers. The mule deer's tail is black-tipped, whereas the whitetail's is not. Mule deer antlers are bifurcated; they \"fork\" as they grow, rather than branching from a single main beam, as is the case with white-tails."
4369
    ],
4370
    "Muskrat": [
4371
        "The muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) is a medium-sized semiaquatic rodent.",
4372
        "The muskrat is found in swamps, marshes, and wetlands from northern North America to the Gulf coast and the Mexican border.",
4373
        "Early in the 20th century, muskrats were introduced to northern Eurasia including Ukraine, Russia, Siberia, adjacent areas of China and Mongolia.",
4374
        "Muskrats are live in wet environments, favoring locations with 1.2 to 1.8 meters (4 to 6 feet) of water. While muskrats are found in ponds, lakes, and swamps, their favorite locations are marshes, where the water level stays constant.",
4375
        "The lifespan of muskrats is from 3 to 5 years in the wild and up to 10 years in captivity.",
4376
        "An adult muskrat is about 40\u201370 cm (16\u201328 in) long, half of that is the tail, and weighs from 0.6 to 2 kg (1.3 to 4.4 lb).",
4377
        "Muskrats have large, robust bodies, the tail is flat and scaly. Their heads are very large and their ears are almost invisible underneath the fur. The whiskers are mediun size. Muskrats have short legs and big feet; the back feet are slightly webbed for swimming.",
4378
        "Muskrats are covered with short, thick fur, which is medium to dark brown or black in color, with the belly a bit lighter (countershaded); as the age increases, it turns a partly gray in color.",
4379
        "Muskrats are excellent swimmers and can evade many predators by escaping into water or into their burrows and nests. They can stay submerged for up to 20 minutes and swim as fast as 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) per hour and can even swim backwards.",
4380
        "Muskrats follow trails they make in swamps and ponds. When the water freezes, they continue to follow their trails under the ice.",
4381
        "They find shelter in bank burrows and their distinctive nests. Bank burrows are tunnels excavated in a bank. The nests of the muskrats are formed by piles of vegetation placed on top of a good base, for example a tree stump, generally in 40 to 100 cm (15 to 40 inches) of water.",
4382
        "Muskrats are active throughout the year and, although mainly nocturnal, are sometimes seen during the day. They are susceptible to cold and wind and spend more time in their dens during winter.",
4383
        "Outside the breeding season, muskrats are solitary except at times during the winter when several may share a den to conserve body heat. Home ranges vary in size from 30 to 350 meters (100 to 120 feet) in diameter. Individuals confine much of their activity to the area within 15 meters (50 feet) of the den.",
4384
        "Eating mostly grasses and cattails, muskrats consume the roots and stalks of a wide variety of other aquatic plants; they are, however, occasionally predatory, taking freshwater mussels, snails, crustaceans, salamanders, fish, and young birds for food.",
4385
        "Muskrats communicate by a secretion from their glands called musk. This scent also serves to warn intruders. They are capable of vocalizing by squeaks and squeals.",
4386
        "The muskrat is the only species in genus Ondatra and tribe Ondatrini.",
4387
        "Muskrats are referred to as \"rats\" in a general sense because they are medium-sized rodents with an adaptable lifestyle and an omnivorous diet. They are not, however, members of the genus Rattus.",
4388
        "Muskrats provide an important food resource for many other animals, including mink, foxes, coyotes, wolves, lynx, bears, eagles, snakes, alligators, and large owls and hawks. Otters, snapping turtles, and large fish such as pike prey on baby muskrats.",
4389
        "Muskrats are widespread and abundant. Populations remain stable even when they are being hunted for fur, affected by disease, or a target for large predator populations because muskrats have the ability to reproduce quickly.",
4390
        "Historically, the muskrat was trapped for its thick and durable coat, and it is still sought by the fur trade.",
4391
        "In several Native American creation myths, the muskrat dives to the bottom of the primordial sea to bring up the mud from which the Earth is created, after other animals have failed in the task."
4392
    ],
4393
    "Narwhal": [
4394
        "The narwhal, or narwhale (Monodon monoceros), is a medium-sized toothed whale.",
4395
        "Often dubbed the unicorns of the sea, narwhals are strange and beautiful creatures with long tusks protruding from their heads.",
4396
        "Narwhals can live up to at least 50 years.",
4397
        "Narwhals have small rounded heads, short flippers with upturned tips, and no dorsal fin but an uneven dorsal ridge along the spine.",
4398
        "The narwhal males are distinguished by a long, straight, helical tusk, which is an elongated upper left canine; in rare instances a male with two tusks has been observed. Females sometimes grow a small tusk of their own, but it does not become as prominent as the male's.",
4399
        "The average weight of an adult narwhal is 800 to 1 thousands kilograms (1 thousands to 3 thousands pounds).",
4400
        "Narwhals have a black and white mottled skin pattern on the dorsal size and are white underneath on their belly. Narwhals are born gray and as they age they turn black and white. Very old narwhals can be very white with few black spots.",
4401
        "Like many other whales, narwhals travel in groups.",
4402
        "Narwhals normally congregate in groups of about 5 to 10, and sometimes up to 20.",
4403
        "Narwhals exhibit seasonal migrations, with a high fidelity of return to preferred, ice-free summering grounds, usually in shallow waters. In summer months they move closer to coasts, usually in pods of 10\u2013100 . In the winter, they move to offshore, deeper waters under thick pack ice, surfacing in narrow fissures in the sea ice, or leads.",
4404
        "When in their wintering waters, narwhals make some of the deepest dives recorded for a marine mammal, diving to at least 800 meters (2 thousands feet) over 15 times per day, with many dives reaching 1 thousands meters (4 thousands feet). Dives to these depths last around 25 minutes, including the time spent at the bottom and the transit down and back from the surface.",
4405
        "Narwhals feed on Greenland halibut, polar and Arctic cod, cuttlefish, shrimp and squid.",
4406
        "Narwhals make a wide range of clicks and whistles underwater. Their sounds seem to vary in summer and winter. They use the clicks, or echolocation, to detect objects in the water (like prey), for navigation and communication.",
4407
        "Narwhal tusks are packed with nerves and covered in tiny holes that allow seawater to enter. This gives tusks a sensitivity that could help narwhals detect changes in their environment such as temperature or even the water's saltiness.",
4408
        "Narwhals reach sexual maturity between 6-9 years, and females give birth to a calf every third year, on average. The breeding period is in early spring (March-April) in the dense ice of their wintering grounds. The gestation period is about 14 months and they give birth in late spring (May-June) during their northbound migration to their summering grounds.",
4409
        "Narwhals are mostly hunted by polar bears and orcas. Native Inuit people are also allowed to hunt this whale legally.",
4410
        "Narwhals have been harvested for over a thousand years by Inuit people in northern Canada and Greenland for meat and ivory.",
4411
        "The current population of the narwhal is about 75 thousands, so narwhals qualify for Near Threatened under the criterion of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).",
4412
        "The scientific name for narwhal, Monodon monoceros, is derived from the Greek \"one tooth, one horn\". The black and white skin coloration contributed to their common name \"narwhal\". The old Norse prefix \"Nar\" means \"corpse\" and \"hval\" means \"whale\". Thus \"corpse whale\" refers to how their skin color resembles that of a drowned sailor.",
4413
        "The narwhal was one of many species described by Carl Linnaeus in his publication Systema Naturae in 1758.",
4414
        "Narwhal is one of two living species of whale in the Monodontidae family, along with the beluga whale.",
4415
        "The narwhal was one of two possible explanations of the giant sea phenomenon written by Jules Verne in his 1870 novel Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea.",
4416
        "I never new there were so many narwhals"
4417
    ],
4418
    "Newfoundland": [
4419
        "Newfoundland and Labrador is one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada and is the most easterly territory of Canada.",
4420
        "Situated in the country's Atlantic region, it is composed of the insular region of Newfoundland and the continental region of Labrador to the northwest.",
4421
        "Separated by the Strait of Belle Isle, the Island of Newfoundland is combined with mainland Labrador. The province also includes over seven thousand small islands.",
4422
        "Newfoundland is roughly triangular, with each side being approximately 500 kilometers (310 miles).",
4423
        "Newfoundland and Labrador is the 10th largest province in Canada in terms of total area with 405 thousands square kilometers (156 thousands square miles).",
4424
        "As of June 2019, the population of Newfoundland and Labrador was estimated to be about 520 thousands people. It is the 9th most populous province in Canada.",
4425
        "About 92% of the province's population lives on the island of Newfoundland (and its neighbouring smaller islands), of whom more than half live on the Avalon Peninsula.",
4426
        "St. John's is the capital and largest city of Newfoundland and Labrador. It is on the eastern tip of the Avalon Peninsula on the large Canadian island, Newfoundland. It is North America's easternmost city.",
4427
        "Newfoundland and Labrador's varied landscape was shaped by the ice ages, leaving a ragged coastline of deep fjords and high coastal cliffs that plunge into the sea.",
4428
        "The highest point in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador is Mount Caubvick, at 1 thousands meters (5 thousands feet). This mountain, however, is in the Labrador section of the province. The highest point on the island of Newfoundland is a mountain called the Cabox, at 812 meters (2 thousands feet).",
4429
        "A large part of the island of Newfoundland is an extension of the Appalachian system. Major bays, peninsulas, river systems and mountain ranges are typically oriented southwest to northeast, parallel to the Appalachians.",
4430
        "Newfoundland and Labrador has 4 national parks and about 22 provincial parks.",
4431
        "Cape Spear Lighthouse National Historic Site, 11 kilometers south of St. John's, is the most easterly point in North America, and has Newfoundland's oldest lighthouse. It is a popular, if chilly, spot to watch the sunrise as well as sight whales, seabirds, and icebergs. Dating from 1835, the light station was in operation until 1955 and is now an interesting museum. In addition, there are massive half-ruined gun emplacements from the Second World War, including the barrels of two guns each weighing 30 tons and having a range of 13 kilometers.",
4432
        "L'Anse aux Meadows is an archaeological site on the northernmost tip of the Great Northern Peninsula on the island of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Archaeological evidence of a Norse presence was discovered at L'Anse aux Meadows in the 1960s. It is the only confirmed Norse or Viking site in North America outside of the settlements found in Greenland. It was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1978.",
4433
        "The Rooms is a cultural facility in St. John's. The facility opened in 2005 and houses the Art Gallery of Newfoundland and Labrador, the Provincial Archives of Newfoundland and Labrador and the Provincial Museum of Newfoundland and Labrador. The facility was constructed on a hill overlooking the port city, at a historic location once occupied by Fort Townshend. Sections include wildlife and natural history, aboriginal finds, contemporary art, and historical and cultural exhibits that give a good picture of both Newfoundland and Labrador.",
4434
        "Human habitation in Newfoundland and Labrador can be traced back about 9 thousands years.",
4435
        "The first brief European contact with Newfoundland and Labrador came about 1000 AD when the Vikings briefly settled in L'Anse aux Meadows.",
4436
        "It became the tenth province to enter the Canadian Confederation on March 31, 1949, as \"Newfoundland\".",
4437
        "On December 6, 2001, an amendment was made to the Constitution of Canada to change the province's name to Newfoundland and Labrador."
4438
    ],
4439
    "Newt": [
4440
        "Newts are amphibians.",
4441
        "There are more than 100 species of newts.",
4442
        "Newts are semiaquatic, spending part of the year in the water for reproduction and the rest of the year on land. While most species prefer stagnant water bodies such as ponds, ditches or flooded meadows for reproduction, some species such as the Danube crested newt can also occur in slow-flowing rivers.",
4443
        "During their terrestrial phase, newts live in humid habitats with abundant cover such as logs, rocks, or earth holes.",
4444
        "Most newt species have lifespan about 10 to 20 years.",
4445
        "Newts are characterized by a lizard-like appearance. They have long slender bodies, long tails and two pairs of legs.",
4446
        "All newt species are toxic and have either poisonous skin or glands that secrete poison when threatened.",
4447
        "The rough-skinned newt, Taricha granulosa of the Pacific Northwest produces more than enough tetrodotoxin to kill an adult human, and some Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest used the toxin to poison their enemies.",
4448
        "Newts have the ability to regenerate limbs, eyes, spinal cords, hearts, intestines, and upper and lower jaws. The cells at the site of the injury have the ability to de-differentiate, reproduce rapidly, and differentiate again to create a new limb or organ.",
4449
        "All newts are carnivorous. They feed on small invertebrates such as insects, worms, snails, and slugs.",
4450
        "Many species of newts have poison glands in their skin which helps to protect them against predators. They have bright skin colors as a warning to other animals.",
4451
        "Most newt species are nocturnal.",
4452
        "All larval newts possess gills to breathe underwater, when they reach adulthood they loose the gills and grow lungs. Adult newts can breathe underwater by extracting oxygen through their skin.",
4453
        "Newts are threatened by habitat loss, fragmentation and pollution. Several species are endangered, and at least one species, the Yunnan lake newt, has gone extinct recently.",
4454
        "The labels of newt and salamander are often used interchangeably, and it's easy to understand why some people think these two distinct amphibians are the same animal. Essentially, all newts are salamanders, but not all salamanders are newts.",
4455
        "The oldest form of the name newt is considered to be eft, which is still used for newly metamorphosed juveniles. According to some reports, it changed for unknown reasons to ewt, and was used as \"an ewt,\" but the \"n\" from the indefinite article (an) shifted to form a newt. Others place the change from \"an eft\" to \"a neft\" with the letter f eventually transformed to \"w.\""
4456
    ],
4457
    "Norwegian Forest": [
4458
        "The Norwegian Forest cat is a breed of domestic cat.",
4459
        "The Norwegian Forest cat, is native to Northern Europe.",
4460
        "The Norwegian Forest cat is a very old natural breed.",
4461
        "Most likely the ancestors of the Norwegian Forest cat served as ships' cats (mousers) on Viking ships.",
4462
        "The original landrace lived in the Norwegian forests for many centuries, but were later prized for their hunting skills and were used on Norwegian farms.",
4463
        "These cats could have reproduced with farm and feral stock and may have eventually evolved into the modern-day Norwegian Forest breed.",
4464
        "During World War II, the breed became nearly extinct until efforts by the Norwegian Forest Cat Club helped the breed by creating an official breeding program.",
4465
        "Currently, the Norwegian Forest breed is very popular in Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Iceland and France.",
4466
        "The Norwegian Forest cat has a typical lifespan of 14 to 16 years.",
4467
        "Norwegian Forest cats come in any color or pattern and the beautiful coat is long and silky with a dense undercoat. Their water-resistant coat with a dense undercoat developed to help the cat survive in the harsh Scandinavian climate.",
4468
        "Norwegian Forest cats are very patient animals and are not stressed easily. They are fairly intelligent and have a natural curiosity.",
4469
        "Norwegian Forest cats with normal bloodlines, from the lesser-known breeding farm will cost between $900 and $1 thousands. Norwegian Forest cats with premium bloodlines, from well-known breeders, with beautiful coat colors and standard body are priced very expensive, from $1200 \u2013 $4000.",
4470
        "The Norwegian Forest cat features prominently in Norse mythology as the skogkatt, a mystical cat with the power to climb sheer rock faces."
4471
    ],
4472
    "Numbat": [
4473
        "Numbat also called the banded anteater is marsupial mammal of the family Myrmecobiidae, of which it is the sole living representative.",
4474
        "Today, numbats are found only in areas of eucalypt forest, but they were once more widespread in other types of semiarid woodland, spinifex grassland, and in terrain dominated by sand dune.",
4475
        "The lifespan of the numbat is up to 5 years in the wild and up to 11 years in captivity.",
4476
        "Numbat has a squat body and a small pointed head with a very long snout; the head and body together are about 20 to 27 centimeters (roughly 8 to 11 inches) long, and there is a 13-20-cm (5-8-inch) bushy tail.",
4477
        "At night, the numbats seek shelter inside hollow logs, and during the day, numbats can avoid predators, especially birds and foxes, by staying hidden within the darkness of the logs.",
4478
        "During mating seasons, logs provide numbats an area for their nesting sites.",
4479
        "Most importantly, the heartwood of the majority of trees in eucalypt woodlands are eaten by termites, which are the base of the numbat's diet.",
4480
        "Because numbats are not powerful enough to break into termite mounds to get to their prey, they have to feed during the day when there is a great abundance of active termites in the shallow galleries.",
4481
        "It uses a well-developed sense of smell to locate the shallow and unfortified underground galleries that termites construct between the nest and their feeding sites; these are usually only a short distance below the surface of the soil, and vulnerable to the numbat's digging claws.",
4482
        "An adult numbat requires up to 20 thousands termites each day. The only marsupial fully active by day, the numbat spends most of its time searching for termites.",
4483
        "Numbats produce a variety of vocalizations. During breeding season, if a female and male are both interested in one another, they vocalize by producing a series of soft clicks.",
4484
        "Numbats breed in February and March (late austral summer), normally producing one litter a year. Gestation lasts 15 days, and results in the birth of four young. Unusually among marsupials, female numbats have no pouch, although the four teats are protected by a patch of crimped, golden hair and by the swelling of the surrounding abdomen and thighs during lactation.",
4485
        "Numbats provide important ecological values as predators specialized on termites, while being preyed upon by carpet pythons, red foxes, eagles, hawks, and falcons.",
4486
        "The numbat is the emblem of Western Australia."
4487
    ],
4488
    "Ocelot": [
4489
        "The ocelot also known as the dwarf leopard, is a wild cat.",
4490
        "Ocelots live primarily in the rain forests of South America. They also live in Central America, Mexico and even some as far north as southern Texas.",
4491
        "Ocelots are found in a variety of habitats, including tropical forests, savannas, grasslands, mangrove forests and marshes, and thorn scrub regions.",
4492
        "Their primary habitat requirement is dense vegetative cover. Ocelots are found in open areas only when it's cloudy or at night when there is a new moon.",
4493
        "Average lifespan of ocelot is 10 to 13 years in the wild and up to 20 years in captivity.",
4494
        "Ocelots range in color from light yellow to reddish gray, with dark spots and stripes. They have dark stripes on their cheeks and their tailed have rings of dark fur.",
4495
        "The ocelot ranges from 68 to 100 centimeters (27 to 39 inches) in length, plus 26 to 45 centimeters (10 to 18 inches) in tail length.",
4496
        "Ocelots are nocturnal, meaning they're most active at night. During the day, they rest in the hollow trees, on the branches or dense vegetation.",
4497
        "Like all small cats, ocelots have very good vision and hearing.",
4498
        "Ocelot has raspy tongue, which successfully removes every little piece of meat from bones.",
4499
        "Although predators themselves, ocelots occasionally become the prey of harpy eagles, pumas, jaguars, and anacondas.",
4500
        "Ocelots spend most of their time on the ground but are strong swimmers and good climbers and jumpers.",
4501
        "Ocelots communicate with each other using body language, scent marking, and vocalizations.",
4502
        "Ocelots are territorial and solitary creatures.",
4503
        "Ocelots are very active, traveling from 1.8 and 6.7 kilometers (1.1 to 4.1 miles) per night. Males traveling nearly twice as far as females.",
4504
        "Female Ocelots are called Queens while Male Ocelots are called Torns.",
4505
        "Males and females gather only during the mating season. In tropical areas, ocelots can reproduce throughout the whole year. In temperate climate, ocelots mate at the end of the summer.",
4506
        "An ocelot family is made up of an adult female and her young. After breeding, the male and female ocelots go their separate ways. The female is pregnant for a little over two months before she gives birth in a hollow tree, rocky bluff, cave, or secluded thicket to usually 1 but sometimes up to 4 kittens.",
4507
        "The youngster begins to walk when it is 3 weeks old. As the kitten grows, the mother ocelot teaches it how to hunt, usually at four to 6 weeks of age, and the kitten is able to eat solid food at 8 weeks, although it may continue to nurse for 6 months.",
4508
        "From the early 1960's to the mid 1980's, Ocelot fur coats sold for $40 thousands.00 and the live animal as a pet sold for $800.00. At one time, more than 200 thousands ocelots per year were killed for their coats. Today, with laws prohibiting hunting for the fur trade, there are no Ocelot coats for sale, and the \"pet\" Ocelot is a thing of the past.",
4509
        "Today, the Ocelot is listed by the IUCN as being a species that is of Least Concern of becoming extinct in their natural environment in the near future. Although some populations are small and unstable, the Ocelot is widespread but the general population trend is now decreasing. This is mainly due to habitat loss as vast areas particularity in the Amazon, are subject to drastic deforestation and no longer provide the dense cover and adequate food supply that the Ocelot needs to survive.",
4510
        "Salvador Dali frequently traveled with his pet ocelot Babou, even bringing it aboard the luxury ocean liner SS France.",
4511
        "Its name came from the Mexican Aztec word tlalocelot, which means field tiger.",
4512
        "The Moche people of ancient Peru worshipped animals and often depicted the ocelot in their art.",
4513
        "The Belizean name for the ocelot is the same as the margay \u2013 'tiger cat'.",
4514
        "The collective name for a group of Ocelots is a clowder or clutter.",
4515
        "I LOVE OCELOTS!!!!!!!!!!! -my daghter"
4516
    ],
4517
    "Octopus": [
4518
        "Octopuses are sea animals famous for their rounded bodies, bulging eyes, and eight long arms.",
4519
        "The octopus is a cephalopod mollusc of the order Octopoda.",
4520
        "There are around 300 recognized octopus species, which is over one-third of the total number of known cephalopod species.",
4521
        "Octopuses live in all the world's oceans. They inhabit diverse regions of the ocean, including coral reefs, pelagic waters, and the ocean floor.",
4522
        "All octopuses have head, called mantle, surrounded with 8 arms, called tentacles. All vital organs are located in their head.",
4523
        "Octopuses are invertebrates, which mean that they are boneless. Only hard structure in their body is beak which looks like a parrot beak. They use their beaks for eating.",
4524
        "Octopuses vary greatly in size.",
4525
        "The giant Pacific octopus grows bigger and lives longer than any other octopus species. The size record is held by a specimen that was 9.1 meters (30 feet) across and weighed more than 272 kilograms (600 pounds). Averages are more like 5 meters (16 feet) and 50 kilograms (110 pounds).",
4526
        "The world's smallest known octopus is the octopus wolfi. It was discovered and officially classified in 1913. The octopus wolfi measures only 1.5 centimeters (0.6 inches) length and weighs less than a gram (o.o3 ounces).",
4527
        "The octopus spends much of its solitary life in a den, leaving at night to hunt.",
4528
        "Octopuses are highly intelligent, possibly more so than any other order of invertebrates.",
4529
        "Octopuses have keen eyesight. Like other cephalopods, they can distinguish the polarization of light. Color vision appears to vary from species to species.",
4530
        "Octopuses also have an excellent sense of touch. The octopus's suction cups are equipped with chemoreceptors so the octopus can taste what it is touching.",
4531
        "Bottom-dwelling octopuses eat mainly crabs, polychaete worms, and other molluscs such as whelks and clams. Open-ocean octopuses eat mainly prawns, fish and other cephalopods. Large octopuses have also been known to catch and kill some species of sharks. Seabirds have also been documented as prey.",
4532
        "The octopus is well known for being a master of disguise and is able to blend into pretty much any background using its elaborate camouflage. The octopus not only uses this to its advantage for both hiding from potential prey and predators, but it is also thought to play a role in the male octopuses mating display, in order to attract a female octopus.",
4533
        "Octopuses have several secondary defenses (defenses they use once they have been seen by a predator). The most common secondary defense is fast escape. Other defenses include distraction with the use of ink sacs and autotomising limbs \u2013 If predator grabs them for any tentacle, they will reject it. Soon after, new tentacle will grow.",
4534
        "Octopuses move with a simple elegance, but they have no rhythm, unlike most animals.",
4535
        "Octopuses have a relatively short life expectancy, with some species living for as little as six months. But larger species, such as the giant pacific octopus, may live for up to five years under suitable circumstances.",
4536
        "Female lay up to 150 000 eggs in a week. After hatching, small octopuses will float short period of time with plankton and then swim back to the bottom of the sea.",
4537
        "A baby octopus is about the size of a flea when it is born.",
4538
        "Young octopuses learn almost no behaviors from their parents, with whom they have very little contact.",
4539
        "Some enemies of the octopus include eels, sharks, halibut, ling cod and dolphins.",
4540
        "The octopus has been shown to use tools. At least four specimens of the veined octopus (Amphioctopus marginatus) have been witnessed retrieving discarded coconut shells, manipulating them, and then reassembling them to use as shelter.",
4541
        "Instead of mating, female octopuses will sometimes strangle males and eat them.",
4542
        "The Blue-ringed octopus is one of the world's most venomous marine animals: it can kill you in one bite, there is no antivenom.",
4543
        "The Mimic Octopus can impersonate up to 15 marine species, including sea snakes, stingrays, lionfish, and jellyfish.",
4544
        "Female blanket octopuses can be 40 thousands times more massive than the male, it's the largest sex size discrepancy in the animal kingdom.",
4545
        "It's illegal in many countries to perform surgery on an octopus without anesthesia due to their intelligence.",
4546
        "Octopus wrestling was a popular sport in the 1960s. A diver would fight a large octopus in shallow water and drag it to the surface.",
4547
        "Though octopuses can be difficult to keep in captivity, some people keep them as pets.",
4548
        "Octopus is eaten in many cultures. They are a common food in Mediterranean and Asian sea areas.",
4549
        "Octopuses are eaten alive in Korea.",
4550
        "The oldest octopus fossil is 296 million years old."
4551
    ],
4552
    "Okapi": [
4553
        "The okapi also known as the forest giraffe, congolese giraffe or zebra giraffe, is an beautiful and unusual animal native to the northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in Central Africa.",
4554
        "Although the okapi bears striped markings reminiscent of zebras, it is most closely related to the giraffe.",
4555
        "The okapi's home is in the tropical rain forest in the northeast region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire).",
4556
        "The range of the okapi is limited by high montane forests to the east, swamp forests below 500 m (1640 ft) to the west, savannas of the Sahel/Soudan to the north, and open woodlands to the south.",
4557
        "The okapi's typical lifespan is 20 to 30 years.",
4558
        "The okapi stands about 1.5 meters (4.9 ft) tall at the shoulder and has an average body length around 2.5 m (8.2 ft). Its weight ranges from 200 to 350 kg (440 to 770 lb).",
4559
        "It has a long neck, and large and flexible ears. The ears of an okapi can rotate independently, so the animal can listen for sounds both in front and behind.",
4560
        "Male okapis have short, hair-covered horns called ossicones, less than 15 cm (5.9 in) in length. Females 4.2 cm (1.7 in) taller on average, slightly redder, and lacking prominent ossicones, instead possessing hair whorls.",
4561
        "Okapis are primarily diurnal, but may be active for a few hours in darkness.",
4562
        "Okapis are herbivores, feeding on tree leaves and buds, grasses, ferns, fruits, and fungi. They are unique in the Ituri Forest as they are the only known mammal that feeds solely on understory vegetation, where they use their 45 centimeters (18 inch) tongues to selectively browse for suitable plants.",
4563
        "Okapi is a cud-chewing animal. Cud is a portion of food that returns from a ruminant's stomach to the mouth to be chewed for the second time. More accurately, it is a bolus of semi-degraded food regurgitated from the reticulorumen of a ruminant. Cud is produced during the physical digestive process of rumination.",
4564
        "The okapi's dark tongue is long enough to reach its eyes and ears.",
4565
        "Like the giraffe, the okapi must splay its legs to reach the ground when drinking.",
4566
        "An okapi can run at speeds up to 56 km/h (35 mph).",
4567
        "When angry, okapis kick and throw their head back. Dominant animals hold their necks straight and heads higher than subordinates, and the placing of the neck and head on the ground is a sign of submission.",
4568
        "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species considers the okapi an endangered species.",
4569
        "It is believed that there are currently about 25 thousands okapis in the wild.",
4570
        "A 2016 study found that the common ancestor of giraffe and okapi lived about 11.5 million years ago."
4571
    ],
4572
    "Olm": [
4573
        "The olm or proteus and is an aquatic salamander.",
4574
        "Olms are entirely aquatic and only found in the waters of caves in the Dinaric Alps\u2014that is, parts of Slovenia, Italy, Croatia, and Herzegovina.",
4575
        "Adapted to an aphotic environment, olms usually reside deep within cave systems. They are generally found over 300 meters (985 feet) below surface.",
4576
        "Olms can live for 100 years, far longer than any other amphibian; and scientists have no idea why.",
4577
        "The olm's body is snakelike, 20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 in) long, with some specimens reaching up to 40 cm (16 in).",
4578
        "The regressed eyes are covered by a layer of skin. Although blind, the olm swims away from light. The eyes are regressed, but retain sensitivity.",
4579
        "The olm breathes with external gills that form two branched tufts at the back of the head. They are red in color because the oxygen-rich blood shows through the non-pigmented skin. The olm also has rudimentary lungs, but their role in respiration is only accessory, except during hypoxic conditions.",
4580
        "Because it inhabits permanently dark environments, the olm has developed non-visual sensory systems to better suit an aphotic lifestyle.",
4581
        "Highly sensitive chemoreceptors allow olms to detect extremely low concentrations of organic material in the water.",
4582
        "The olm also has the ability to register weak electric fields. Some behavioral experiments suggest that the olm may be able to use Earth's magnetic field to orient itself.",
4583
        "Amazingly, the olm finds it only necessary to eat occasionally as it can survive for up to ten years without eating anything. When it does become hungry and is in the good fortune of having some food available, the olm will feast on other small invertebrates. This includes: snails, worms, larvae and aquatic insects.",
4584
        "Olms are gregarious, and usually aggregate either under stones or in fissures.",
4585
        "Olms reproduce by either laying eggs or giving birth to live young. Temperature appears to be the factor that determines which reproductive strategy is used, with colder water triggering the bearing of live young. Adults commonly produce two live larvae using the live-bearing strategy, whereas they may produce up to 70 eggs using the egg-laying strategy.",
4586
        "On the IUCN Red List, the olm is listed as vulnerable because of its fragmented and limited distribution and ever-decreasing population.",
4587
        "The word \"olm\" is a German loanword that was incorporated into English in the late 19th century. The origin of the German original, Olm or Grottenolm 'cave olm', is unclear. It may be a variant of the word Molch \"salamander.\"",
4588
        "The olm was first mentioned in 1689 by the local naturalist Valvasor in his Glory of the Duchy of Carniola, who reported that, after heavy rains, the olms were washed up from the underground waters and were believed by local people to be a cave dragon's offspring.",
4589
        "The olm is a symbol of Slovenian natural heritage. The enthusiasm of scientists and the broader public about this inhabitant of Slovenian caves is still strong 300 years after its discovery. Postojna Cave is one of the birthplaces of speleobiology due to the olm and other rare cave inhabitants, such as the blind cave beetle.",
4590
        "The olm was also depicted on one of the Slovenian tolar coins, and was the namesake of Proteus, the oldest Slovenian popular science magazine, first published in 1933."
4591
    ],
4592
    "Opossum": [
4593
        "Opossum is the common name for various small- to medium-sized marsupial mammals.",
4594
        "There are more than 60 different species of opossum.",
4595
        "The opossum is the only species of marsupial (mammals with a pouch in which they carry their young) that is found outside of Australia an it's surrounding islands.",
4596
        "Although many refer to opossums as \"possums\", the term \"possum\" technically refers to a classification of marsupials living in Australia, New Guinea and Sulawesi.",
4597
        "While opossums prefer deciduous woodlands with nearby sources of water \u2013 like streams or swamps \u2013 they are extremely adaptable and succeed in a variety of habitats and climates.",
4598
        "Opossums have a very short lifespan, usually three years or less in the wild, where they have to contend with predators and cars. In captivity, they can live twice as long.",
4599
        "Opossums range in size from that of a small mouse to the size of a large housecat.",
4600
        "Opossums are solitary animals, and except during breeding season or a female with her young, they are rarely seen together.",
4601
        "Opossums are generally nocturnal, foraging throughout the night. But it is not at all unusual to see an opossum out during the daytime, especially during cold weather.",
4602
        "Opossum has neither good eyesight nor strong hearing power. However, it has a sharp sense of smell, which guides in its food-hunting venture.",
4603
        "Opossums are omnivores, so they eat a wide range of plants and animals. Their normal diet consists of carrion, rodents, insects, snails, slugs, birds, eggs, frogs, plants, fruits and grains. They also eat human food, table scraps, dog food and cat food. If it's edible and accessible, the opossum will eat it.",
4604
        "Opossums are excellent tree climbers and spend much of their time aloft. They are aided in this by sharp claws, which dig into bark, and by a long prehensile (gripping) tail that can be used as an extra limb. Opossums nest in tree holes or in dens made by other animals.",
4605
        "Between the months of January and October, opossums breed and give birth to up to two litters of 4-8 young \u2013 or joeys \u2013 each. The gestation period of a possum is about 13 days, after which time the joeys are born and must immediately claim one of 13 nipples inside the mother's pouch. Joeys remain inside the pouch for about 50 days, after which time they begin to exit the pouch and spend time on their mother's back. After about 100 days, young opossums split from their mothers to find their own home ranges.",
4606
        "Main predators of opossums are dogs, foxes, coyotes, bobcats, hawks and owls. But even more than these natural predators, their greatest enemy in the modern world is the automobile.",
4607
        "Opossums have a remarkably robust immune system, and show partial or total immunity to the venom of rattlesnakes, cottonmouths, and other pit vipers. Opossums are about eight times less likely to carry rabies than wild dogs, and about one in eight hundred opossums is infected with this virus.",
4608
        "Opossums have 50 teeth, more than any North American mammal.",
4609
        "Male opossums are called jacks, and females are called jills. The young are referred to as joeys, just like their Australian cousins. A group of opossums is called a passel.",
4610
        "It was Captain John Smith who used the term opossum for the first time in 1608. The name was adapted from the Native American Algonquin term 'apasum', which mean white animal.",
4611
        "The Virginia opossum was once widely hunted and consumed in the United States. Sweet potatoes were eaten together with the possum in America's southern area. South Carolina cuisine includes opossum eating.",
4612
        "In Dominica, Grenada, Trinidad and St. Lucia the common opossum or manicou is popular and can only be hunted during certain times of the year owing to overhunting. The meat is traditionally prepared by smoking, then stewing.",
4613
        "In northern/central Mexico, opossums are known as \"tlacuache\" or \"tlacuatzin\". Their tails are eaten as a folk remedy to improve fertility.",
4614
        "Opossum pelts have long been part of the fur trade."
4615
    ],
4616
    "Ostrich": [
4617
        "Ostriches are large, flightless birds that have long legs and a long neck that protrudes from a round body.",
4618
        "The ostrich is the largest and heaviest living bird.",
4619
        "Native to Africa, ostriches are found in savanna and desert regions, were they graze among giraffes, zebras, wildebeest, and gazelles.",
4620
        "Besides in their natural environment, ostriches are often breed as farm animals because some people like to eat their meat, eggs or to wear fashion products made of their skin.",
4621
        "Ostriches have a lifespan of 30 to 40 years in the wild and in captivity up to 75 years with around 50 years being typical.",
4622
        "An ostrich's powerful, long legs can cover 3 to 5 meters (10 to 16 feet) in a single stride. These legs can also be used for self-defense. An ostrich will kick with a force mighty enough to kill a lion.",
4623
        "Adult male ostriches have striking black-and-white plumage; immature birds and adult females have grayish brown feathers.",
4624
        "The wings reach a span of about 2 meters (6 ft 7 in). Their main use along with the tail feathers, is for displays and courtship. To show dominance, an ostrich holds its head up high and lifts its wings and tail feathers; to show submission, the head, wings, and tail droop down.",
4625
        "Ostriches are omnivores, which means they eat both vegetation and meat. They mostly eat plants, especially roots, leaves, and seeds, but they also munch on insects, snakes, lizards, or rodents that come within reach.",
4626
        "Ostriches are diurnal, but may be active on moonlit nights.",
4627
        "Male ostriches are called cocks or roosters, and females are called hens.",
4628
        "Ostriches live in groups, which helps with defense. With their long necks and keen vision, they can see for great distances, so in a group at least one of them is likely to notice danger approaching.",
4629
        "Ostriches sometimes gather in a large flock of 100 or more, but most flocks are smaller, usually about 10 birds. The group has a dominant male and a dominant female called the \"main hen\", and several other females. Lone males come and go during mating season.",
4630
        "As a flightless species in the rich biozone of the African savanna, the ostrich must face a variety of formidable predators throughout its life cycle. Animals that prey on ostriches of all ages may include cheetahs, lions, leopards, African hunting dogs, and spotted hyenas.",
4631
        "Contrary to popular belief, ostriches do not bury their heads in the sand. The old saw probably originates with one of the bird's defensive behaviors. At the approach of trouble, ostriches will lie low and press their long necks to the ground in an attempt to become less visible. Their plumage blends well with sandy soil and, from a distance, gives the appearance that they have buried their heads in the sand.",
4632
        "As its species name, camelus, suggests, the ostrich was once known as the \"camel bird\" because of its long neck, prominent eyes, and sweeping eyelashes, as well as its jolting walk. Also, like camels, the ostrich can tolerate high temperatures and go without water for long periods of time.",
4633
        "When family groups of ostriches meet, they may challenge each other with short chases, and then the winning adult pair takes all the chicks with them. Some of these \"nurseries\" can end up with 300 chicks and only a couple of adults to mind them.",
4634
        "They once roamed all over Asia, Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, but because they have been hunted so extensively, wild ostriches' range has been reduced to sub-Saharan Africa.",
4635
        "Ostriches have inspired cultures and civilizations for 5 thousands years in Mesopotamia and Egypt.",
4636
        "In some countries, people race each other on the backs of ostriches. The practice is common in Africa and is relatively unusual elsewhere.",
4637
        "Ostriches are attracted to small, shiny objects and peck curiously at them."
4638
    ],
4639
    "Otter": [
4640
        "Otter is a common name for a carnivorous mammal in the subfamily Lutrinae.",
4641
        "There are 13 species of otter found all around the world. Some of the best known are the giant otter, the sea otter, the European otter, the Northern river otter among others.",
4642
        "Otters are adorable creatures that live both on land and in the water.",
4643
        "Their sleek, streamlined bodies are perfect for diving and swimming. Otters also have long, slightly flattened tails that move sideways to propel them through the water while their back feet act like rudders to steer.",
4644
        "Sea otters are good at floating on the water's surface, as air trapped in their fur makes them more buoyant.",
4645
        "Almost all otters have webbed feet, some more webbed than others, and they can close off their ears and nose as they swim underwater.",
4646
        "Average life span in the wild is up to 12 years except for sea otter who can live up to 20 years.",
4647
        "Otters are found on every single continent in the world except for Australia and Antarctica.",
4648
        "Otter species range in size the smallest Oriental (or Asian) small-clawed otter at 0.6 m (2 ft) and 1 kg (2.2 lb).",
4649
        "The largest is Giant otter who can reach 1.8 m (5.9 ft) and 45 kg (99.2 lb).",
4650
        "Otters are very energetic and playful.They are intelligent and curious, and they are usually busy hunting, investigating, or playing with something.",
4651
        "Otters like to throw and bounce things, wrestle, twirl, and chase their tail. They also play games of tag and chase each other, both in the water and on the ground.",
4652
        "Otters make lots of different sounds, from whistles, growls, and screams to barks, chirps, moans, and coos.",
4653
        "Otters can stay submerged for five to eight minutes, depending on the species, because their heart rate slows, and they use less oxygen.",
4654
        "Otters have a very high metabolism and have to eat a lot of food per day, or eat several times a day.",
4655
        "River otters eat mostly fish, frogs, crayfish, crabs, and mollusks, with an occasional small mammal or bird.",
4656
        "Sea otters eat many of the same things, but mostly sea urchins, abalone, crabs, fish, octopuses, mussels, and clams. They crack open clams and mussels with rocks they hold on their stomach\u2014the only otter species to use rocks as tools.",
4657
        "An otter's den is called a holt or a couch.",
4658
        "A group of otters are called a bevy, family, lodge, or romp, or, when in water the group is called a raft.",
4659
        "For most otters, social groups are made up of a mother, her older offspring, and her newest pups; the males spend most of their time alone or with a few other males.",
4660
        "During breeding time or where there's lots of food, though, larger otter groups may gather, especially among sea otters in kelp beds.",
4661
        "Otters reach sexual maturity between 2 to 5 years.",
4662
        "Gestation period is 2 months for some species to 6 months for sea otters.",
4663
        "The female otter will usually have between 1 and 6 pups depending on the species.",
4664
        "For most otters (not the sea otter) the pups are born in a den with their eyes closed and they are helpless. The mother takes care of the pups and they open their eyes and start exploring after about one month, at roughly two months they start swimming, and they stay with their mother and brothers and sisters until they are about 1 year old.",
4665
        "Sea otter pups are born with their eyes open, and even though they are not able to swim they have a coat of hair that lets them float. Their mother carries them on her stomach for the first two months until they are ready to start swimming and diving on their own.",
4666
        "For many generations, fishermen in southern Bangladesh have bred smooth-coated otters and used them to chase fish into their nets.",
4667
        "Many species of otter are either threatened or endangered.",
4668
        "Beaver habitat is a great place to find otters, because the otters benefit from the dams and dens beavers build.",
4669
        "Otters are a popular animal in Japanese folklore where they are called \"kawauso\". In these tales the smart kawauso often fool humans, kind of like a fox.",
4670
        "In China and Japan, there are stories where otters would shapeshift into beautiful women in old books like In Search of the Supernatural and the Zhenyizhi."
4671
    ],
4672
    "Oyster": [
4673
        "Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs.",
4674
        "The shell of oysters consists of two usually highly calcified valves (shells) that surround a soft body. Gills filter plankton from the water, and strong adductor muscles are used to hold the shell closed.",
4675
        "Some types of oysters known as the \"true oysters\" are highly prized as food. They are consumed both raw and cooked. Some types of pearl oysters are harvested for the pearl produced within the mantle.",
4676
        "Oysters have been around for a while. Estimates put the shellfish at around 300 million years old, at least.",
4677
        "Oysters were originally cooked by fire as early humans had primitive tools that would have made it difficult to open oysters to eat raw. Archeologists believe that oysters were placed over fire or heated stones and cooked until the oysters opened up as oysters from the Mesolithic period show evidence of scorch marks from fire. The use of fire by early humans evidence back to about four hundred thousand years ago, so consumption of oysters most likely began after that time.",
4678
        "The Stone Age, which was between 2.5 million years ago to 9600 BC, left behind fossilized oyster shells from many coastal civilizations, which demonstrated that oysters were an important part of the human diet for thousands of years.",
4679
        "Oyster cultivation was invented by Sergius Orata, a Roman engineer also often credited with the invention of underfloor heating, and since his invention, oyster farming has become big business.",
4680
        "In the United Kingdom, the town of Whitstable is noted for oyster farming from beds on the Kentish Flats that have been used since Roman times.",
4681
        "Oyster sales boomed from the early 19th century onwards, and the shellfish were sold as street food across London, Paris, and New York as they remained a cheap and accessible snack to many. In 1860, the small British seaside town of Whitstable alone was sending 50 million tons of oysters to London each year, and by 1900, New York was eating 1 million oysters every day.",
4682
        "By the 20th century, the overharvesting of oysters in the US and Europe was noticeable and it was difficult to maintain the oyster stock needed to meet demand.",
4683
        "Oysters are still alive as you eat them! In fact, if you are going to eat an oyster raw, it has to be alive or else it will no longer be safe to eat. In the case of oysters, alive means fresh! Trust us, you only want to be eating oysters that are alive.",
4684
        "Oysters are an excellent source of zinc, iron, calcium, and selenium, as well as vitamin A and vitamin B12.",
4685
        "In the northern hemisphere, the old rule that native oysters should only be eaten when there's an 'r' in the month still holds true \u2013 so eat oysters from September to April. During the summer months they're busy spawning, and their flesh becomes unpleasantly soft and milky. Rock oysters are available all year round.",
4686
        "The pearl oysters are well-known for producing large, commercially valuable pearls. Pearls form when an irritant \u2013 usually a parasite and not the proverbial grain of sand \u2013 works its way into an oyster, mussel, or clam. As a defense mechanism, a fluid is used to coat the irritant. Layer upon layer of this coating, called 'nacre', is deposited until a lustrous pearl is formed.",
4687
        "In addition to their commercial importance for culinary purposes and for the production of pearls, oysters provide important ecological values. Oyster reefs provide habitat for many organisms, and the oysters themselves provide food for various fish, marine mammals, and invertebrates. As filter feeders, they have a remarkable ability to filter water, removing pollutants and excess nutrients.",
4688
        "A group of oysters is commonly called a bed or oyster reef.",
4689
        "As a keystone species, oysters provide habitat for many marine species.",
4690
        "The word \"oyster\" comes from Old French oistre, and first appeared in English during the 14th century. The French derived from the Latin ostrea, the feminine form of ostreum, which is the latinisation of the Greek \u1f44\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd (ostreon), \"oyster\"."
4691
    ],
4692
    "Pangolin": [
4693
        "Pangolin or scaly anteaters is a unique-looking mammal.",
4694
        "There are eight species of pangolins four species are found in Africa and four in Africa.",
4695
        "These eight species are: the long-tailed pangolin, tree pangolin, giant pangolin, ground pangolin, Indian pangolin, Philippine pangolin, Chinese pangolin and Sunda pangolin.",
4696
        "The lifespan of the pangolin is unknown, but the observed lifespan in captivity is 20 years.",
4697
        "Pangolins are 30 to 100 centimeters (12 to 39 inches) long exclusive of the tail and weigh from 5 to 27 kilograms (10 to 60 pounds). Females are generally smaller than males.",
4698
        "Pangolins have large, protective keratin scales covering their skin; they are the only known mammals with this feature.",
4699
        "The pangolin's scaled body is comparable in appearance to a pine cone. It can curl up into a ball when threatened, with its overlapping scales acting as armor, while it protects its face by tucking it under its tail. The scales are sharp, providing extra defense from predators.",
4700
        "The four Asian pangolins are distinguished from the African species by the presence of bristles which emerge from between the scales.",
4701
        "Pangolins are insectivorous. Most of their diet consists of various species of ants and termites and may be supplemented by other insects, especially larvae. They are somewhat particular and tend to consume only one or two species of insects, even when many species are available to them. A pangolin can consume 140 to 200 g (4.9 to 7.1 oz) of insects per day.",
4702
        "Pangolins have a very poor sense of vision, so they rely heavily on smell and hearing.",
4703
        "Most pangolins are nocturnal animals that use their well-developed sense of smell to find insects. The long-tailed pangolin is active by day, while other species of pangolins spend most of the daytime sleeping, curled up into a ball. Pangolins are considered to be shy and secretive creatures.",
4704
        "Pangolins are solitary and meet only to mate. While the mating season is not defined, they typically mate once each year, usually during the summer or autumn. Gestation periods differ by species, ranging from roughly 70 to 140 days. African pangolin females usually give birth to a single offspring at a time, but the Asiatic species may give birth from one to three.",
4705
        "At the time of birth, the scales are soft and white. After several days, they harden and darken to resemble those of an adult pangolin. The baby is not able to walk for a few weeks, instead, it clings to the base of the mother's tail. Young pangolins are weaned at four months and are ready for life on their own at about five months of age.",
4706
        "Leopards, hyenas, and pythons are pangolin predators.",
4707
        "The name \"pangolin comes from the Malay word pengguling, meaning \"one who rolls up.\" This is fitting for an animal that can roll itself into a ball.",
4708
        "Pangolins can emit a noxious-smelling chemical, similar to the spray of a skunk.",
4709
        "Pangolin's scales are made of keratin, the same material from which human fingernails and tetrapod claws are made.",
4710
        "Pangolins are threatened by poaching (for their meat and scales) and heavy deforestation of their natural habitats, and are the most trafficked mammals in the world.",
4711
        "Of the eight species of pangolin, four (the long-tailed pangolin, tree pangolin, giant pangolin, and ground pangolin) are listed as vulnerable, two (Indian pangolin and Philippine pangolin) are listed as endangered, and two (Chinese pangolin and Sunda pangolin) are listed as critically endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species."
4712
    ],
4713
    "Parrot": [
4714
        "Parrots are long-lived, intelligent colorful birds.",
4715
        "There are around 393 different parrot species including macaws, parakeets, lorikeets keas, lovebirds, cockatiels and cockatoos.",
4716
        "Parrots are found on all tropical and subtropical continents and regions including South and Central America, Asia, Africa, Australia and Oceania.",
4717
        "The greatest diversity of parrots is in South America and Australasia.",
4718
        "Because the parrot order includes so many different species, parrot sizes vary widely.",
4719
        "The world's largest parrot is the hyacinth macaw [photo below], found in South America, at about 1 meter (40 inches) long. But it's not the heaviest bird in the parrot family \u2013 that honor belongs to the kakapo of New Zealand, which can weigh up to 3 kilograms (6.6 pounds), too heavy for its size to fly. The smallest is the buff-faced pygmy parrot, at under 10 grams (0.4 oz) in weight and 8 cm (3.1 in) in length.",
4720
        "Parrots come in a variety of bright colors, mostly made up of greens, reds, blues, and yellows. There are exceptions, though including species with black, gray and brown plumage.",
4721
        "A parrot's brilliant plumage has a special defense against damage: Psittacofulvins, a bacteria-resistant pigment that only parrots are known to produce, give the birds' feathers their red, yellow and green coloration.",
4722
        "In most parrots species males and females look virtually identical.",
4723
        "Characteristic features of parrots include a strong, curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet (two toes facing forward and two back).",
4724
        "Parrots are social birds that often gather in flocks of 10 to 30 individuals.",
4725
        "Living in a flock helps parrots watch out for predatory birds, but it's also fun to have someone else to talk to! Parrots are known for being very vocal: squawks, screams, and screeches can be heard from faraway in the forests. These calls are used to keep track of each other.",
4726
        "Whether a parrot is nocturnal or diurnal is dependent on the particular species. However, most parrots are classified as being diurnal.",
4727
        "Parrots are omnivores, which means that they can eat both meat and vegetation. Their diet consists of seeds, fruit, nectar, pollen, buds, and sometimes arthropods and other animal prey. Seeds are their favorite food; they have strong jaws to help the bird crack open hard nuts and seeds.",
4728
        "Parrots are the only birds that can lift food to their beaks using their feet. They tend to favor using one foot more than the other, just like people are right- or left-handed.",
4729
        "Parrots' beaks grow continuously and are worn by eating, chewing wood or grinding the top and bottom parts together.",
4730
        "With few exceptions, parrots are monogamous and spend their lives with only one mate. The pair bonds are strong and a pair remains close during the nonbreeding season, even if they join larger flocks.",
4731
        "Parrots nest in cavities and hold no territories other than their nesting sites.",
4732
        "Parrots typically lay two to eight white eggs at one time. In most species, the female undertakes all the incubation. Incubation varies from 17 to 35 days, with larger species having longer incubation periods.",
4733
        "The main predators, or natural enemies, of parrots are birds of prey, such as hawks, owls and eagles, and large snakes such as pythons and boa constrictors. Monkeys also eat parrot eggs and baby parrots whenever they can find them.",
4734
        "Many parrot species are in decline and several are extinct. Of the 393 or so living species, 130 are listed as near threatened or worse by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and 16 of which are currently considered critically endangered.",
4735
        "Parrots are popular pets because they are intelligent, charismatic, colorful, musical and some species have the ability to \"talk\".",
4736
        "African grey parrots of all subspecies are known for their superior ability to imitate sounds and human speech. Some African gray parrots can \"speak\" over 700 words.",
4737
        "An african grey parrot named Alex could count and knows colors and shapes.",
4738
        "Along with crows, ravens, and jays (family Corvidae), parrots are considered the most intelligent of birds.",
4739
        "Parrots have featured in human writings, story, art, humor, religion, and music for thousands of years.",
4740
        "In ancient times and current, parrot feathers have been used in ceremonies and for decoration."
4741
    ],
4742
    "Peacock": [
4743
        "The term \"peacock\" is commonly used to refer to birds of both sexes. Technically, only males are peacocks. Females are peahens, and together, they are called peafowl.",
4744
        "Peacocks are a larger sized bird with a length from bill to tail of 140 to 160 cm (55 to 63 in) and to the end of a fully grown tail as much as 180 to 250 cm (70 to 98 in) and weigh 3.8\u20136 kg (8\u201313 lb).",
4745
        "The peacock has some of the brightest feathers and one of the most impressive courting displays of any bird in the world.",
4746
        "The Congo peacock does not display his covert feathers, but uses his actual tail feathers during courtship displays. These feathers are much shorter than those of the Indian and green species, and the ocelli are much less pronounced.",
4747
        "Peacocks have a top running speed of around 16 km/h (10 mph).",
4748
        "Peafowl have 11 different calls, but the peacocks are the ones that really yell. They have a call that carries for a long distance and sounds like \"may-AWE, may-AWE.\"",
4749
        "Peafowl are social birds. It's typically only older peacocks that stay by themselves. They sleep in large groups in tall trees, which is called roosting, to protect themselves from other animals. They make shrieking sounds to alert each other of danger.",
4750
        "In the morning, they break up into small groups. In the nonbreeding season, these are usually groups of all peacocks or all peahens; but during the breeding season, there are harem groups of one peacock and several peahens or all bachelors.",
4751
        "Peacocks have elaborate feathers to show dominance and to attract peahens for mating purposes. The prettier the peacock, the more peahens he attracts by strutting around and shaking his feathers. Once mating is done, the female bird gathers various materials to create a nest. Males look for other peahens to mate.",
4752
        "The function of the peacock's elaborate train has been debated for over a century. In the 19th century, Charles Darwin found it a puzzle, hard to explain through ordinary natural selection. His later explanation, sexual selection, is widely but not universally accepted.",
4753
        "Peafowl such as the blue peacock have been admired by humans and kept as pets for thousands of years.",
4754
        "In the Hindu religion, the peafowl is a sacred bird, because the spots on the peacock's tail symbolize the eyes of the gods.",
4755
        "Peacocks are mentioned in the Bible as one of the most precious items brought from Asia by King Solomon's ships."
4756
    ],
4757
    "Pelican": [
4758
        "Pelicans are a genus of large water birds that makes up the family Pelecanidae.",
4759
        "With 8 different species of pelicans, they can be found on all continents except for Antarctica.",
4760
        "Pelicans live throughout the world in tropic and temperate zones, and always near bodies of water.",
4761
        "It is easy to identify pelicans, because they are one of the only birds with a pouch under their bill.",
4762
        "Along with the giant pouch, pelicans are a large bird with short legs, and they appear rather clumsy on land. Once in the water, they are strong swimmers, thanks to their webbed feet.",
4763
        "The largest is Dalmatian pelican (Pelecanus crispus) measuring from 1.6 to 1.8 meters (5.2 to 5.9 feet) in length.",
4764
        "The heaviest is great white pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) weighing from 9 to 15 kilograms (20 to 33 pounds).",
4765
        "The smallest and lightest is brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) measuring from 1 to 1.5 meters (3.4 to 5 feet ) in length and weight about 3.5 kilograms (7.7 pounds).",
4766
        "Pelicans are splendid fliers and can soar like eagles with their giant wings.",
4767
        "Getting UP in the air can be challenging without the help of the wind. Pelicans must run over the water while beating their big wings and pounding the surface of the water with both feet in unison to get enough speed for takeoff.",
4768
        "Pelicans are carnivores (meat-eaters) and diurnal (hunt during the day).",
4769
        "While most pelicans eat fish exclusively, they can be opportunistic feeders, eating lizards, frogs, crabs and lobsters.",
4770
        "Many pelicans fish by swimming in cooperative groups. They may form a line or a \"U\" shape and drive fish into shallow water by beating their wings on the surface. When fish congregate in the shallows, the pelicans simply scoop them up.",
4771
        "The brown pelican, on the other hand, dives on fish (usually a type of herring called menhaden) from above and snares them in its bill.",
4772
        "Pelicans do not store fish in their pouch, but simply use it to catch them and then tip it back to drain out water and swallow the fish immediately.",
4773
        "When not eating, pelicans spend hours preening, snoozing, or sunbathing.",
4774
        "At dusk, pelicans all settle down for the night. Their head rests back on their shoulders, their eyes close and their feathers ruffled against the cold.",
4775
        "Pelicans are a large bird, which makes them harder prey for most predators in their natural environment. Because of this, most animals do not hunt them. However, a wounded pelican that cannot fly is easy prey for wild dogs, feral cats and larger mammals. Humans are also predators of the pelican, hunting them for their feathers and eating the meat.",
4776
        "A gull often sits on a pelican's head, trying to steal a meal when the pelican opens its bill slightly to empty out the water.",
4777
        "All pelicans have long bills, but the Australian pelican (Pelecanus conspkillatus) has the longest bill of any bird. The record-sized bill was 50 centimeters (20 inches) long.",
4778
        "The American white pelican can hold some 11 liters (3 gallons) of water in its bill.",
4779
        "Pelicans and their relatives\u2014cormorants, gannets, and boobies\u2014are the only birds with totipalmate feet (fully webbed; all four toes are united by ample webs).",
4780
        "Fossil evidence of pelicans dates back to at least 30 million years to the remains of a beak very similar to that of modern species recovered from Oligocene strata in France."
4781
    ],
4782
    "Penguin": [
4783
        "Penguins are a group of aquatic, flightless birds.",
4784
        "The number of extant penguin species is debated. Depending on which authority is followed, penguin biodiversity varies between 17 and 20 living species.",
4785
        "They live almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere, with only one species, the Galapagos penguin, found north of the equator. They actually occupy habitats which are located on each of the five continents within the southern hemisphere.",
4786
        "The habitat for penguins is going to depend on the species you are talking about. Some of them are able to live in the coldest parts of the world. Others live very close to the equator where it is quite warm.",
4787
        "Major populations of penguins are found in Antarctica, Argentina, Australia, Chile, New Zealand, and South Africa.",
4788
        "Penguin lifespan ranges from 6 to 27 years, varying from species to species; But most species has lifespan from 15 to 20 years.",
4789
        "The largest penguin species is the the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) reaching 122 centimeters (48 inches) in height and weighing from 22 to 45 kilogram (49 to 99 pounds).",
4790
        "The smallest penguin species is the little blue penguin (Eudyptula minor), also known as the fairy penguin, which stands around 40 cm (16 in) tall and weighs about 1.5 kilogram (3.3 pounds) on average.",
4791
        "All penguins have to live close to a body of water where they can hunt for food.",
4792
        "Penguins are carnivores. They generally eat fish, squid and krill, though their diet depends on the species. Generally, penguins living close to the equator eat more fish, while penguins in arctic climates rely on squid and krill for sustenance.",
4793
        "Penguins' swimming looks very similar to bird's flight in the air.",
4794
        "Penguins can dive further and swim faster than any other bird.",
4795
        "Most penguins swim underwater at around 7 to 11 kilometers (4 to 7 miles) per hour, but the fastest penguin \u2013 the gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) \u2013 can reach top speeds of 35 kilometers (22 miles) per hour!",
4796
        "Penguins are not able to breathe underwater; however, all of the penguin species can hold their breath for as long as 15 minutes.",
4797
        "Emperor penguins are the undisputed champions of diving in the world of penguins. They can travel more than 500 meters (1 thousands feet) below the surface, and stay submerged for more than 20 minutes, even though by all accounts their oxygen should run out in just a fraction of that.",
4798
        "Penguin's black and white plumage serves as camouflage while swimming. The black plumage on their back is hard to see from above, while the white plumage on their front looks like the sun reflecting off the surface of the water when seen from below.",
4799
        "A penguin's eyes are adapted to see clearly both in air and under water. Penguins have color vision and are sensitive to violet, blue, and green wavelengths of light and possibly to ultraviolet light as well.",
4800
        "At sea penguins must drink salt water and they are able to do this because they have special glands abound the eye sockets that extract excess salt from the blood. The excess salt is excreted as a salty fluid through the nasal passages.",
4801
        "Another adaptive gland \u2014 the oil (also called preen) gland \u2014 produces waterproofing oil. Penguins spread this across their feathers to insulate their bodies and reduce friction when they glide through the water.",
4802
        "Unlike most birds \u2013 which lose and replace a few feathers at a time \u2013 penguins molt all at once, spending two or three weeks land-bound as they undergo what is called the catastrophic molt.",
4803
        "Penguins usually lie down or stand up when sleeping on land, whereas they float when resting in the water. They often tuck their heads below their wings when they sleep in a standing position.",
4804
        "Penguins can control the blood flow to their extremities in order to reduce the amount of blood that gets cold, but still keeping the extremities from freezing.",
4805
        "Penguins are highly social birds. Even at sea, penguins usually swim and feed in groups.",
4806
        "Penguins for the most part breed in large colonies, the exceptions being the yellow-eyed and Fiordland species; these colonies may range in size from as few as a 100 pairs for gentoo penguins, to several hundred thousand in the case of king [photo below], macaroni and chinstrap penguins.",
4807
        "Penguins form monogamous pairs for a breeding season, though the rate the same pair recouples varies drastically. Most penguins lay two eggs in a clutch, although the two largest species, the emperor and the king penguins, lay only one.",
4808
        "With the exception of the emperor penguin, where the male does it all, all penguins share the incubation duties. These incubation shifts can last days and even weeks as one member of the pair feeds at sea.",
4809
        "The incubation period varies with species. It may be as short as one month, as in the erect-crested penguins, or as long as 62 to 66 days for emperor penguins.",
4810
        "When penguin chicks are ready to hatch, they use their beaks to break through the shell of their eggs. This process can take up to three days.",
4811
        "A chick depends on its parents for survival between hatching and the growth of its waterproof feathers before it can fledge (leave the colony to go forage at sea.) This period may range from seven to nine weeks for Ad\u00e9lie chicks to 13 months for king penguin chicks.",
4812
        "Penguin calls (vocalizations) are individually identifiable, allowing mates to recognize each other and also their chick. This is important because members of a large colony of penguins are nearly indistinguishable by sight.",
4813
        "Approximately 1 in 50 thousands (of most species) are born with brown rather than black plumage. These are called isabelline penguins. Isabellinism is different from albinism. Isabelline penguins tend to live shorter lives than normal penguins, as they are not well-camouflaged against the deep, and are often passed over as mates.",
4814
        "Land predators of the various penguin species include lizards, skuas, snakes, other birds and ferrets. Water predators consist largely of killer whales, leopard seals and sharks.",
4815
        "According to the Red List of Threatened Species from the International Union for Conservation of Nature, four penguin species are endangered: northern rockhopper, erect-crested, yellow-eyed, jackass and Galapagos penguins. Most of the other species of penguins are listed as vulnerable or threatened.",
4816
        "The earliest known penguin fossil was found in 61.6 million-year old Antarctic rock, about 4-5 million years after the mass extinction that killed the dinosaurs.",
4817
        "Penguins are popular around the world, primarily for their unusually upright, waddling gait and (compared to other birds) lack of fear of humans.",
4818
        "Penguins have been the subject of many books and films, such as Happy Feet, Surf's Up and The Penguins of Madagascar."
4819
    ],
4820
    "Peregrine Falcon": [
4821
        "The peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), also known as the peregrine, and historically as the duck hawk in North America, is a bird of prey (raptor) in the family Falconidae.",
4822
        "Peregrine falcons prefer open habitats, such as grasslands, tundra, and meadows. They are most common in tundra and coastal areas and rare in sub-tropical and tropical habitats.",
4823
        "There are 19 regional variants (subspecies) of peregrine falcon worldwide. These subspecies can be very different in size and color.",
4824
        "The average lifespan of the peregrine falcon is about 13 years in the wild. Maximum longevity records for wild birds is from 16 to 20 years old. The longest known lifespan for a captive peregrine falcon is 25 years.",
4825
        "Like all falcons, peregrine falcons have long, tapered wings and a slim, short tail.",
4826
        "The peregrine falcon has a body length of 34 to 58 cm (13 to 23 in) and a wingspan from 74 to 120 cm (29 to 47 in).",
4827
        "The male and female have similar markings and plumage, but as in many birds of prey the peregrine falcon displays marked sexual dimorphism in size, with the female measuring up to 30% larger than the male.",
4828
        "The peregrine falcon's coloration helps it to blend into its environment. The back and the long pointed wings of the adult are usually bluish black to slate grey with indistinct darker barring; the wingtips are black. The white to rusty underparts are barred with thin clean bands of dark brown or black. The tail, colored like the back but with thin clean bars, is long, narrow, and rounded at the end with a black tip and a white band at the very end.",
4829
        "The peregrine falcon is best known for its diving speed during flight\u2014which can reach more than 320 km/h (200 mph) \u2014 making it not only the world's fastest bird but also the world's fastest animal.",
4830
        "According to a National Geographic TV program, the highest measured speed of a peregrine falcon is 389 km/h (242 mph).",
4831
        "The most common prey for peregrine falcons is other birds. In fact, other birds make up 77% to 99% of their diet! Birds eaten include pigeons and doves, shorebirds, waterfowl, ptarmigan, grouse, and relatives, and smaller songbirds. The most common prey item are pigeons and doves.",
4832
        "Peregrine falcons use a wide variety of vocalizations at different stages of life, but primarily during breeding seasons.",
4833
        "The peregrine falcon became an endangered species in many areas because of the widespread use of certain pesticides, especially DDT. Since the ban on DDT from the early 1970s, populations have recovered, supported by large-scale protection of nesting places and releases to the wild.",
4834
        "The peregrine falcon has been listed as a species of \"least concern\" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) since 2015.",
4835
        "The peregrine falcon is a well respected falconry bird due to its strong hunting ability, high trainability, versatility, and \u2013 in recent years \u2013 availability via captive breeding.",
4836
        "The peregrine falcon is the national animal of the United Arab Emirates.",
4837
        "The peregrine falcon has been designated the official city bird of Chicago.",
4838
        "The 2007 US Idaho state quarter features a peregrine falcon."
4839
    ],
4840
    "Persian": [
4841
        "The Persian cat is a long-haired breed of cat characterized by its round face and short muzzle.",
4842
        "It is also known as the \"Persian Longhair\" or \"Longhair.\"",
4843
        "It is called \"Persian\" because it was exported from Iran, or ancient Persia.",
4844
        "The Persian cat is one of the oldest cat breeds and can been seen depicted in hieroglyphics as early as 1684 BC.",
4845
        "Since 1520 there is the first mention of the long-haired cats in Europe. But even earlier, about 300 years ago, the first Persian cats brought a gift as a curiosity from the east.",
4846
        "The first documented ancestors of the Persian were imported from Khorasan, Iran, into Italy in 1620 by Pietro della Valle, and from Angora (now Ankara), Ottoman Empire (Turkey), into France by Nicholas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc at around the same time.",
4847
        "The first Persian cat was presented at the first organized cat show, in 1871 in the Crystal Palace in London, England, organized by Harrison Weir.",
4848
        "The Persians are perhaps the quintessential \"luxury\" cat \u2014 that is, the cat who expects to be kept in the lap of luxury.",
4849
        "The lifespan of a Persian cat is between 12 and 17 years, with a median age of 14.1 years.",
4850
        "Persian cats are medium sized, usually weigh between 3.2 and 5.4 kilograms (7 and 12 pounds), and measure from 25 to 38 centimeters (10 to 15 inches) tall.",
4851
        "The Persian cat has a stocky, short-legged body, has a broad, round head, a snub nose, and a short, heavily haired tail. The large, round eyes may be blue, orange, golden, green, or copper \u2013 colored, depending on the color of the cat. The soft, finely textured coat forms a heavy ruff about the neck.",
4852
        "Since Persian cats have long, dense fur that they cannot effectively keep clean, they need regular grooming to prevent matting. To keep their fur in its best condition, they must be brushed frequently.",
4853
        "The art world and its patrons have long embraced their love for the Persian cat by immortalizing them in art.",
4854
        "A 6-by-8.5-foot artwork that's purported to be the \"world's largest cat painting\" sold at auction for more than $820 thousands. The late 19th-century oil portrait is called My Wife's Lovers, and it once belonged to a wealthy philanthropist who commissioned an artist to paint her vast assortment of Turkish Angoras and Persians.",
4855
        "Other popular Persian paintings include White Persian Cat by famous folk artist Warren Kimble and Two White Persian Cats Looking into a Goldfish Bowl by late feline portraitist Arthur Heyer.",
4856
        "The beloved Persian cat has made its way onto the artwork of stamps around the world."
4857
    ],
4858
    "Pheasant": [
4859
        "Pheasant a large long-tailed game bird.",
4860
        "There are about 50 species of pheasant.",
4861
        "The best-known is the common pheasant, which is widespread throughout the world, it is one of the world's most hunted birds. Various other pheasant species are popular in aviaries, such as the golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus).",
4862
        "Pheasant habitat would include a combination of grasslands, idle fields, wetlands, croplands, haylands, and shrublands.",
4863
        "The lifespan of a pheasant is about 1-3 years in the wild and up to 18 years in captivity.",
4864
        "Pheasants are characterised by strong sexual dimorphism, males being highly decorated with bright colors and adornments such as wattles.",
4865
        "The adult male common pheasant is 60\u201390 cm (24\u201335 in) in length with a long brown streaked black tail, accounting for almost 50 cm (20 in) of the total length.",
4866
        "There are many color forms of the male common pheasant, ranging in color from nearly white to almost black in some melanistic examples.",
4867
        "While common pheasants are able short-distance fliers, they prefer to run. If startled however, they can suddenly burst upwards at great speed, with a distinctive \"whirring\" wing sound and often giving kok kok kok calls to alert conspecifics. Their flight speed is up to 60 km/h (37 mph) when cruising but when chased they can fly up to 90 km/h (56 mph).",
4868
        "When startled, common pheasants rise almost vertically with a loud whirring of wings.",
4869
        "Pheasants are diurnal (active during the day).",
4870
        "They are omnivores with diet varying by season. Pheasants eat a wide variety of animal and vegetable type-food, like fruit, seeds, grain, mast, berries and leaves as well as a wide range of invertebrates, such as leatherjackets, ant eggs, wireworms, caterpillars, grasshoppers and other insects; with small vertebrates like lizards, field voles, small mammals, and small birds occasionally taken.",
4871
        "Common pheasants are social birds. In the autumn, they flock together, sometimes in large groups in areas with food and cover. Usually the core home range is smaller in the winter than during the nesting season. Flocks formed in the winter may have up to 50 pheasants.",
4872
        "Pheasants have a number of natural predators in the wild, although the human tends to be the most common predator of the pheasant as they are hunted for their meat and feathers.",
4873
        "According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word \"pheasant\" ultimately comes from Phasis, the ancient name of what is now called the Rioni River in Georgia. It passed from Greek to Latin to French (spelled with an initial \"f\") then to English, appearing for the first time in English around the year 1299.",
4874
        "In the US, common pheasants are widely known as \"ring-necked pheasants\". More colloquial North American names include \"chinks\" or, in Montana, \"phezzens\"."
4875
    ],
4876
    "Pig": [
4877
        "Pigeons and doves constitute the family Columbidae within the order Columbiformes.",
4878
        "There are 310 different species of pigeons and doves.",
4879
        "Pigeons and doves are likely the most common birds in the world.",
4880
        "Pigeons and doves will live for a relatively long period of time, generally about 10 to 12 years with some living quite a bit longer.",
4881
        "In general, the terms \"dove\" and \"pigeon\" are used somewhat interchangeably. Pigeon is a French word that derives from the Latin pipio, for a \"peeping\" chick, while dove is a Germanic word that refers to the bird's diving flight.",
4882
        "The smaller species are often called doves and the larger species pigeons, but this is in no way consistently applied, and historically, the common names for these birds involve a great deal of variation between the terms. For example the species most commonly referred to as \"pigeon\" is the rock dove, one subspecies of which, the domestic pigeon, is common in many cities as the feral pigeon.",
4883
        "Pigeons and doves exhibit considerable variations in size, ranging in length from 15 to 75 centimeters (5.9 to 29.5 in), and in weight from 22 g (0.049 lb) to above 2 thousands g (4.4 lb).",
4884
        "Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks, and short slender bills.",
4885
        "The wings are large, having 11 primary feathers, and have low wing-loadings; pigeons and doves have strong wing muscles and are among the strongest fliers of all birds; they are also highly manoeuvrable in flight.",
4886
        "Pigeons and doves can be solitary to very social and can be found in flocks of several thousand.",
4887
        "Dominance hierarchies occur in flocks. Many species roost communally at night (pigeons and doves are diurnal).",
4888
        "Seeds and fruit form the major component of the diets of pigeons and doves. In fact, the family can be divided into the seed-eating or granivorous species and the fruit-and-mast-eating or frugivorous species. In addition to fruit and seeds, a number of other food items are taken by many species including insects, snails, worms, lizards, leaves, buds and flowers.",
4889
        "Pigeons and doves are excellent navigators and use both the magnetic field of the planet and the position of the sun to find their way. A study at Oxford University found that they will also use landmarks as signposts and will travel along man-made roads and motorways, even changing direction at junctions.",
4890
        "Pigeons and doves have a variety of songs and calls that they use to find mates, signal danger, and defend territories.",
4891
        "While many pigeon and dove species are lifelong mates, some mate only for a breeding season. However, they are monogamous while they are together.",
4892
        "The rock pigeon is the world's oldest domesticated bird. Mesopotamian cuneiform tablets mention the domestication of pigeons more than 5 thousands years ago, as do Egyptian hieroglyphics. Research suggests that domestication of pigeons occurred as early as 10 thousands years ago.",
4893
        "Trained domestic pigeons are able to return to the home loft if released at a location that they have never visited before and that may be up to 1000 km (620 miles) away.",
4894
        "A special breed, called homing pigeons has been developed through selective breeding to carry messages and members of this variety of pigeon are still being used in the sport of pigeon racing.",
4895
        "Flights as long as 1 thousands km (1 thousands miles) have been recorded by birds in competitive pigeon racing. Their average flying speed over moderate 640 km (400 miles) distances is around 80 km/h (50 miles per hour) but speeds of up to 140 km/h (90 miles per hour) have been observed in top racers for short distances.",
4896
        "The pigeon was used in both World War I and II, notably by the Australian, French, German, American, and UK forces. They were also awarded with various laurels throughout, for their service.",
4897
        "In 2013, a Belgian racing pigeon called Bolt has been sold to a Chinese businessman for a world record price of 310 thousands euros (\u00a3260 thousands: $400 thousands).",
4898
        "Scientists have shown that pigeons are able to discriminate video images of themselves even with a 5-7 second delay, thus having self-cognitive abilities higher than untrained 3-year-old children who have difficulty recognizing their self-image with only a 2 second delay.",
4899
        "The Ptilinopus (fruit doves) are some of the brightest-colored pigeons, with the three endemic species of Fiji and the Indian Ocean.",
4900
        "Among the 10 species to have become extinct since 1600 (the conventional date for estimating modernextinctions) are two of the most famous extinct species, the dodo and the passenger pigeon.",
4901
        "A flock of the now extinct passenger pigeons (Ectopistes migratorius) seen in 1740 was 3 to 4 miles (4.8 to 6.4 km) long and 1 mile (1.6 km) wide, it was so dense that it blocked out the sun.",
4902
        "In shamanism, pigeons and doves are interchangeable and symbolize home and security."
4903
    ],
4904
    "Pigeon": [
4905
        "Pigeons and doves constitute the family Columbidae within the order Columbiformes.",
4906
        "There are 310 different species of pigeons and doves.",
4907
        "Pigeons and doves are likely the most common birds in the world.",
4908
        "Pigeons and doves will live for a relatively long period of time, generally about 10 to 12 years with some living quite a bit longer.",
4909
        "In general, the terms \"dove\" and \"pigeon\" are used somewhat interchangeably. Pigeon is a French word that derives from the Latin pipio, for a \"peeping\" chick, while dove is a Germanic word that refers to the bird's diving flight.",
4910
        "The smaller species are often called doves and the larger species pigeons, but this is in no way consistently applied, and historically, the common names for these birds involve a great deal of variation between the terms. For example the species most commonly referred to as \"pigeon\" is the rock dove, one subspecies of which, the domestic pigeon, is common in many cities as the feral pigeon.",
4911
        "Pigeons and doves exhibit considerable variations in size, ranging in length from 15 to 75 centimeters (5.9 to 29.5 in), and in weight from 22 g (0.049 lb) to above 2 thousands g (4.4 lb).",
4912
        "Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks, and short slender bills.",
4913
        "The wings are large, having 11 primary feathers, and have low wing-loadings; pigeons and doves have strong wing muscles and are among the strongest fliers of all birds; they are also highly manoeuvrable in flight.",
4914
        "Pigeons and doves can be solitary to very social and can be found in flocks of several thousand.",
4915
        "Dominance hierarchies occur in flocks. Many species roost communally at night (pigeons and doves are diurnal).",
4916
        "Seeds and fruit form the major component of the diets of pigeons and doves. In fact, the family can be divided into the seed-eating or granivorous species and the fruit-and-mast-eating or frugivorous species. In addition to fruit and seeds, a number of other food items are taken by many species including insects, snails, worms, lizards, leaves, buds and flowers.",
4917
        "Pigeons and doves are excellent navigators and use both the magnetic field of the planet and the position of the sun to find their way. A study at Oxford University found that they will also use landmarks as signposts and will travel along man-made roads and motorways, even changing direction at junctions.",
4918
        "Pigeons and doves have a variety of songs and calls that they use to find mates, signal danger, and defend territories.",
4919
        "While many pigeon and dove species are lifelong mates, some mate only for a breeding season. However, they are monogamous while they are together.",
4920
        "The rock pigeon is the world's oldest domesticated bird. Mesopotamian cuneiform tablets mention the domestication of pigeons more than 5 thousands years ago, as do Egyptian hieroglyphics. Research suggests that domestication of pigeons occurred as early as 10 thousands years ago.",
4921
        "Trained domestic pigeons are able to return to the home loft if released at a location that they have never visited before and that may be up to 1000 km (620 miles) away.",
4922
        "A special breed, called homing pigeons has been developed through selective breeding to carry messages and members of this variety of pigeon are still being used in the sport of pigeon racing.",
4923
        "Flights as long as 1 thousands km (1 thousands miles) have been recorded by birds in competitive pigeon racing. Their average flying speed over moderate 640 km (400 miles) distances is around 80 km/h (50 miles per hour) but speeds of up to 140 km/h (90 miles per hour) have been observed in top racers for short distances.",
4924
        "The pigeon was used in both World War I and II, notably by the Australian, French, German, American, and UK forces. They were also awarded with various laurels throughout, for their service.",
4925
        "In 2013, a Belgian racing pigeon called Bolt has been sold to a Chinese businessman for a world record price of 310 thousands euros (\u00a3260 thousands: $400 thousands).",
4926
        "Scientists have shown that pigeons are able to discriminate video images of themselves even with a 5-7 second delay, thus having self-cognitive abilities higher than untrained 3-year-old children who have difficulty recognizing their self-image with only a 2 second delay.",
4927
        "The Ptilinopus (fruit doves) are some of the brightest-colored pigeons, with the three endemic species of Fiji and the Indian Ocean.",
4928
        "Among the 10 species to have become extinct since 1600 (the conventional date for estimating modernextinctions) are two of the most famous extinct species, the dodo and the passenger pigeon.",
4929
        "A flock of the now extinct passenger pigeons (Ectopistes migratorius) seen in 1740 was 3 to 4 miles (4.8 to 6.4 km) long and 1 mile (1.6 km) wide, it was so dense that it blocked out the sun.",
4930
        "In shamanism, pigeons and doves are interchangeable and symbolize home and security."
4931
    ],
4932
    "Pika": [
4933
        "Pika is a common name for the smallest members of the order Lagomorpha, which also includes rabbits and hares.",
4934
        "The order Lagomorpha consists of two extant families, the pikas in Ochotonidae and the rabbits and hares in Leporidae.",
4935
        "Members of this group include silver pikas, collard pikas, steppe pikas, American pikas Chinese red pikas, Himalayan pikas, and many other species.",
4936
        "Pikas are native to cold climates, mostly in Asia, North America, and parts of Eastern Europe.",
4937
        "The two species found in North America are the American pika, found primarily in the mountains of the western United States and far southwestern Canada, and the collared pika of northern British Columbia, the Yukon, western Northwest Territories, and Alaska.",
4938
        "Pikas are found in two distinct habitats: broken rock (talus) habitat or in meadow, steppe, forest, and shrub habitats.",
4939
        "The large-eared pika of the Himalayas and nearby mountains is found at heights of more than 6 thousands meters (20 thousands ft) above sea level, among the highest of any mammal.",
4940
        "The average lifespan of pikas is about 7 years in the wild.",
4941
        "Pikas are notable for their short, rounded ears, lack of a tail, and round body.",
4942
        "Pikas are diurnal or crepuscular, with higher altitude species generally being more active during the daytime.",
4943
        "Pikas do not hibernate, so they rely on collected hay for warm bedding and food.",
4944
        "Once the grasses dry out, the pikas take this hay back to the burrows for storage.",
4945
        "Each rock-dwelling pika stores its own \"haypile\" of dried vegetation, while burrowing species often share food stores with their burrow mates.",
4946
        "Pikas engage in a variety of calls. Rock-dwelling pikas have a vocal repertoire of two calls, while burrowing pikas have a number of different vocalizations.",
4947
        "Rock-dwelling pikas have small litters of less than five young, while the burrowing species tend to give birth to more young, and to breed more frequently, possibly due to a greater availability of resources in their native habitats. The young are born after a gestation period of between 25 and 30 days.",
4948
        "Pikas provide important ecological functions as part of food chains, consuming a variety of plant matter and being preyed upon by weasels and martens.",
4949
        "Traditionally, pikas were a valuable source of fur throughout Asia and in particular the Soviet Union.",
4950
        "The name \"pika\" appears to be derived from the Tungus piika, and the scientific name Ochotona is from the Mongolian word ogdoi which means pika.",
4951
        "The pika is also known as the \"whistling hare\" for its high-pitched alarm call when diving into its burrow."
4952
    ],
4953
    "Piranha": [
4954
        "A piranha is a ferocious freshwater fish.",
4955
        "Piranhas live in lakes and rivers in South America.",
4956
        "The total number of piranha species is unknown and contested, and new species continue to be described. Estimates range from fewer than 30 to more than 60.",
4957
        "Piranhas are normally about 15 to 25 centimeters (6 to 10 inches) long, although some specimens have been reported to be up to 50 centimeters (20 inches) in length.",
4958
        "Piranhas range in color from yellow to steel-grey to bluish to partly red to almost black.",
4959
        "A piranha's mouth is lined with a single row of razor-sharp, triangular teeth. They have a distinct under-bite, which means the bottom row of teeth is constantly exposed.",
4960
        "It's not uncommon for piranhas to lose teeth throughout their lifetime. But, while sharks replace their teeth individually, piranhas replace teeth in quarters multiple times throughout their lifespan.",
4961
        "Most piranhas are shy and non-aggressive, unless they are hunting or protecting their young.",
4962
        "Black piranhas and red-bellied piranhas are considered the most dangerous and aggressive toward humans.",
4963
        "Despite the carnivorous nature of the piranha, the piranha is actually an omnivore and will eat almost anything that it can find.",
4964
        "A typical piranha diet consists of insects, fish, crustaceans, worms, carrion, seeds, fruit and other plant material.",
4965
        "Piranhas rarely attack humans. Fatal attacks are extremely rare.",
4966
        "These voraciously hungry fish tend to have a lurk-and-ambush style of attack that occurs en masse, with large groups of piranha feeding at once.",
4967
        "Shoals of piranhas can be found in numbers of up to 1000.",
4968
        "Various stories exist about piranhas, such as how they can dilacerate a human body or cattle in seconds. These legends refer specifically to the red-bellied piranha.",
4969
        "Experiments have shown that piranhas have an amazingly acute sense of smell, which aids them in locatin food in the often murky waters of their native habitat.",
4970
        "Piranhas have the standard respiratory system that most fish have. They take water in through their gills and then absorb oxygen from the water. The oxygen then goes to the blood stream. After the oxygen is absorbed the carbon dioxide is exhaled through the gills.",
4971
        "The female lays around 5000 eggs then the male will fertilize the eggs. The male will then protect the eggs and become very territorial of them. The piranhas will spawn from the eggs after a few days. They have two spawning periods, one in April/May and a second in the late summer time.",
4972
        "Many animals prey upon piranhas (especially young piranhas), including other piranhas, larger fish, caimans, water snakes, turtles, birds, otters and people.",
4973
        "The word piranha literally translates as \"tooth fish\" in the indigenous Brazilian language of Tupi.",
4974
        "Native people of South America use piranha teeth for tools and weapons.",
4975
        "When American President Theodore Roosevelt visited Brazil in 1913, he went on a hunting expedition through the Amazon Rainforest. While standing on the bank of the Amazon River, he witnessed a spectacle created by local fishermen. After blocking off part of the river and starving the piranhas for several days, they pushed a cow into the water, where it was quickly torn apart and skeletonized by a school of hungry piranhas.",
4976
        "Piranhas can be bought as pets in some areas, but they are illegal in many parts of the United States. It is illegal to import piranhas into the Philippines and violators could face six months to four years in jail.",
4977
        "The most common aquarium piranha is Pygocentrus nattereri, the red-bellied piranha.",
4978
        "Films have often portrayed piranhas as aggressive, insatiable predators.",
4979
        "Piranha (1978) and Piranha II: The Spawning (1981) perpetuated the piranha's sinister image by showing murderous piranha fish biting and eating humans. In the 2010 film Piranha 3D, a previously unknown piranha is discovered.",
4980
        "Fossil evidence puts piranha ancestors in the continent's rivers 25 million years ago, but modern piranha genera may have only been around for 1.8 million years.",
4981
        "Piranhas have also been discovered in the Kaptai Lake in southeast Bangladesh and in the Lijiang River in China. Research is being carried out to establish how piranhas have moved to such distant corners of the world from their original habitat."
4982
    ],
4983
    "Platypus": [
4984
        "The platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), sometimes referred to as the duck-billed platypus, is a semiaquatic mammal.",
4985
        "The geographic range of the platypus is restricted to the wetter regions of eastern Australia and Tasmania.",
4986
        "Duck-billed platypuses inhabit rivers, lagoons, and streams. They prefer areas with steep banks that contain roots, overhanging vegetation, reeds, and logs. The rivers and streams are usually less than 5 meters (16.4 feet) in depth.",
4987
        "The lifespan of platypus is about 12 years in the wild and about 17 years in captivity.",
4988
        "The platypus noted for its odd combination of primitive features and special adaptations, especially the flat, almost comical bill that early observers thought was that of a duck sewn onto the body of a mammal.",
4989
        "The platypus tail is fat and flat. Its flatness assists with swimming, functioning almost like a rudder. But the tail is also a fat store.",
4990
        "Platypuses have evolved to have webbed feet. The webs enable them to swim more efficiently and move around on soft, muddy surfaces with ease.",
4991
        "It is one of the few species of venomous mammals: the male platypus has a spur on the hind foot that delivers a venom capable of causing severe pain to humans.",
4992
        "The platypus is an excellent swimmer and spends much of its time in the water foraging for food.",
4993
        "The Platypus is one of the few mammals known to have a sense of electroreception: it locates its prey in part by detecting body electricity.",
4994
        "Platypuses are mainly nocturnal feeders, and can usually only be observed at dawn and the in the very early morning, and dusk/late evening.",
4995
        "Platypuses can swim through fast waters at the speed of around 1 meter per (3.3 feet) second, but when foraging the speed is closer to 0.4 meters (1.3 feet) per second. Dives normally last around 30 seconds, but can last longer, although few exceed the estimated aerobic limit of 40 seconds. Recovery at the surface between dives commonly takes from 10 to 20 seconds.",
4996
        "The average sleep time of a platypus is said to be as long as 14 hours per day, possibly because it eats crustaceans, which provide a high level of calories.",
4997
        "Duck-billed platypuses are solitary, especially males. If the territories of males overlap, they change their foraging time to avoid each other.",
4998
        "Outside the mating season, the platypus lives in a simple ground burrow, the entrance of which is about 30 cm (12 in) above the water level. After mating, the female constructs a deeper, more elaborate burrow up to 20 m (66 ft) long and blocked at intervals with plugs.",
4999
        "Platypuses are one of the three mammal species that lay eggs. They generally lay two to three eggs. Estimated gestation periods are 27 days and incubation periods are 10 days. Lactation lasts three to four months.",
5000
        "Predators of duck-billed platypuses include foxes, humans, and dogs. Others are snakes, birds of prey, feral cats, and large eels.",
5001
        "The duck-billed platypus is the most evolutionary distinct mammal alive today and a member of the most primitive order of mammals on Earth, Monotremata.",
5002
        "Until the early 20th century humans hunted the platypus for its fur, but it is now protected throughout its range.",
5003
        "Habitat disruption from dams, irrigation projects and pollution may pose a threat for the future, but platypuses, classified as \"Least Concern\" in the 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, still continue to thrive in these less than perfect environments with the present distribution little altered from pre-European times."
5004
    ],
5005
    "Polar Bear": [
5006
        "Polar bears live in the Arctic.",
5007
        "In areas where the sea ice melts completely, polar bears must move ashore in the summer. They may scavenge to avoid starving, or they may fast until ice forms again. In some places, these bears have learned to eat at garbage dumps.",
5008
        "Polar bears typically live between 15 to 18 years in the wild. The oldest known polar bear in the Arctic lived 32 years.",
5009
        "The world's oldest polar bear, orphaned as a cub in the cold Russian north and raised in captivity, has died aged 42.",
5010
        "Polar bears are the world's largest terrestrial carnivore.",
5011
        "Male polar bears weigh about 350 to more than 650 kg (770 to 1 thousands lb) and are about 2.5 to 3 m (8.2 to 9.8 ft) long.",
5012
        "Female polar bears weigh about 150 to 250 kg (330 to 550 lb) and are about 1.8 to 2.5 m (6 to 8.2 ft) long. Pregnant females can weigh as much as 500 kg (1 thousands lb).",
5013
        "Polar bears are stocky, with a long neck, relatively small head, short, rounded ears, and a short tail.",
5014
        "Although polar bears appear white to the eye, their fur is actually transparent. It only appears white, because it reflects visible light. Under their fur, polar bear skin is actually black. Under the skin is a layer of insulating fat.",
5015
        "Polar Bears have an excellent sense of smell. They can detect their prey from 32 km (20 mi) away and can smell a seal's breathing hole in the ice more than 800 meters (0.5 mile) away.",
5016
        "Polar bears are solitary and overwhelmingly carnivorous, feeding especially on the ringed seal but also on the bearded seal and other pinnipeds. They also scavenge on carcasses of beluga whales, walruses, narwhals, and bowhead whales. On occasion, polar bears kill beluga whales and young walruses.",
5017
        "If a polar bear doesn't eat for seven to ten days, it can slow its metabolism until it finds its next meal.",
5018
        "They like to keep themselves clean. After feeding polar bears usually wash by taking a swim or rolling in the snow.",
5019
        "Built to stay warm in their cold habitat, polar bears sometimes overheat and have to cool off in the chilly water.",
5020
        "Polar bears are excellent swimmers. They can comfortably swim at a speed of 10 kilometer (6 miles) per hour. They can swim for up to 160 kilometer (100 miles).",
5021
        "Polar bears can see well underwater, spotting potential meals 4.5 meters (15 feet) away. They have a nictitating membrane, or third eyelid, that allows them to see underwater and protects their eyes in blowing snow.",
5022
        "Polar bears can reach speeds up to 40 kilometer (25 miles) per hour on land.",
5023
        "When not hunting, polar bears are resting, perhaps as much as 20 hours a day.",
5024
        "Unlike brown bears and black bears, polar bears do not hibernate, and only pregnant females over-winter in dens.",
5025
        "Female polar bears would rather build their dens in \"old snow\" from previous years rather than the freshly fallen snow.",
5026
        "Mating take place on the sea ice in April and May, when polar bears congregate in the best seal hunting areas. The total gestation period is 195 \u2013 265 days .",
5027
        "Polar bear cubs (one to four, usually two) are born November through January in a den. Mother and cubs emerge from their den in late March or April.",
5028
        "Polar bear cubs learn to freeze and remain still while their mother hunts. If they move, the mother disciples them, with a whack to the head.",
5029
        "Polar bear has no natural predators and knows no fear of humans, making it an extremely dangerous animal.",
5030
        "Scientists today use a working estimate of around 22 thousands to 31 thousands polar bears still exist today worldwide.",
5031
        "The biggest threat to polar bears today is not hunting but the effects of global warming and pollution.",
5032
        "Because of expected habitat loss caused by climate change, the polar bear is classified as a vulnerable species.",
5033
        "Although most polar bears are born on land, they spend most of their time on the sea ice. Their scientific name Ursus maritimus means \"maritime bear\" and derives from this fact.",
5034
        "The polar bear is the newest of the eight bear species.",
5035
        "All polar bears alive today can trace their ancestry back to one female brown bear who lived in Ireland around 20 thousands to 50 thousands years ago.",
5036
        "Residents of Churchill, Canada, leave their cars unlocked to offer an escape for pedestrians who might encounter polar bears.",
5037
        "If you eat a polar bear liver, you'll die. Humans can't handle that much vitamin A.",
5038
        "The polar bear was the mascot for the 1998 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Canada."
5039
    ],
5040
    "Pomeranian": [
5041
        "The Pomeranian often known as a Pom is a breed of toy dog.",
5042
        "The Pomeranian is a descendant of the sled dogs of Iceland and Lapland and is the smallest member of the spitz family of dogs.",
5043
        "The breed is thought to have acquired its name by association with the area known as Pomerania which is located in northern Poland and Germany along the Baltic Sea. Although not the origin of the breed, this area is credited with the breeding which led to the original Pomeranian type of dog.",
5044
        "Queen Victoria worked to improve and promote the Pomeranian breed by importing smaller Pomeranians of different colours from various European countries to add to her breeding program. During Queen Victoria's lifetime alone, the size of the breed decreased by half.",
5045
        "The earliest examples of the breed were white or occasionally brown or black. Queen Victoria adopted a small red Pomeranian in 1888, which caused that color to become fashionable by the end of the 19th century.",
5046
        "In 1912, two Pomeranians were among only three dogs to survive the sinking of RMS Titanic. A Pomeranian called \"Lady\", owned by Miss Margaret Hays, escaped with her owner in lifeboat number seven, while Elizabeth Barrett Rothschild took her pet to safety with her in lifeboat number six.",
5047
        "The average lifespan of the Pomeranian is 12 to 16 years.",
5048
        "Pomeranians are small dogs weighing from 1.35 to 3.15 kilograms (3 to 7 lb) and standing from 20 to 36 cm (8 to 14 inches) high at the withers.",
5049
        "In modern times, the Pomeranian comes in the widest variety of colors of any dog breed, including white, black, brown, red, orange, cream, blue, sable, black and tan, brown and tan, spotted, brindle, and parti, plus combinations of those colors. The most common colors are orange, black, or cream/white.",
5050
        "Pomeranians are typically friendly, lively and playful. They can be aggressive with other dogs and humans to try to prove themselves.",
5051
        "Pomeranians are intelligent, respond well to training, and can be very successful in getting what they want from their owners.",
5052
        "The use of toys can be an effective tool in training Pomeranians to spend time alone.",
5053
        "The Pomeranian has a long, thick, double hair coat that requires somewhat frequent grooming. Plan to brush your Pom's coat out several times a week.",
5054
        "On average, Pomeranians generally cost between $500-$1 thousands. According to NextDayPets, the average price of Pomeranians sold is $900. The price for Pomeranians with top breed lines and a superior pedigree increases steeply. For these, you can expect to pay anywhere from $3 thousands up to $10 thousands, depending on the breeder.",
5055
        "The Pomeranian has been among the more popular dog breeds in the United States, featuring consistently in the top 20 of registered American Kennel Club dog breeds since at least 1998."
5056
    ],
5057
    "Poodle": [
5058
        "The Poodle is a breed of dog.",
5059
        "An elegant-looking dog, often ranked as one of the most intelligent of all breeds, the poodle has been bred in three size varieties\u2014standard, miniature, and toy.",
5060
        "\u2022 Standard Poodle stands more than 38 cm (15 in), and weigh from 18 to 32 kg (40 to 70 lb) \u2022 Miniature Poodle is from 25 to 38 cm (10 to 15 in), and weigh from 4.5 to 7 kg (10 to 15 lb) \u2022 Toy Poodle is 25 cm (10 in) or under, and weigh from 1.8 to 2.7 kg (4 to 6 lb)",
5061
        "Unlike most dogs, which have double coats, poodles have a single-layer coat (no undercoat is present) composed of dense, curly fur that sheds minimally.",
5062
        "The Poodle has a wide variety of coloring, including white, black, brown, blue, gray, silver, cafe au lait, silver beige, cream, apricot, and red, and patterns such as parti, abstract, sable, phantom, and brindle.",
5063
        "The average lifespan for a poodle is about 12 to 15 years.",
5064
        "The origin of the breed is still discussed, with a prominent dispute over whether the poodle descends from Germany as a type of water dog, or from the French Barbet.",
5065
        "These beautiful dogs were originally bred for water retrieval and hunting. It is believed that the poodle is one of the oldest breeds used for water retrieval.",
5066
        "The flamboyant Poodle show coat served a practical purpose in the breed's early years. Hunters wanted their dogs to have free range of movement in the water, but they also wished to protect vital areas of the anatomy from the cold. They shaved the legs, neck, and tail but left the chest, hips, and leg joints coated. The rounded tufts on the legs, hips, and tail tip are called pompons.",
5067
        "The word \"poodle\" originates from the German word \"puddeln\" meaning to splash in water.",
5068
        "Poodles have been used for a variety of jobs in history as hunters, circus dogs, court and companion dogs for the rich and powerful, and truffle dogs (for sniffing out the truffle used in French gourmet cooking).",
5069
        "The poodle is ranked second most intelligent dog breed just behind the Border Collie.",
5070
        "The poodle is recorded as the seventh most popular dog breed in the United States.",
5071
        "The poodle has contributed to many other dog breeds, such as the Miniature Schnauzer, Standard Schnauzer, and dogs of the Bichon type in order to either save those breeds from extinction, reduce size, or by dog fanciers to improve their appearance.",
5072
        "The Poodle also is believed to be an ancestor or potential ancestor of the Irish Water Spaniel, the Curly Coated Retriever, and the Pudelpointer, all of which are hunters of birds.",
5073
        "Poodles are also crossed with other breeds for various reasons, and the resulting puppies \u2013 called designer dogs \u2013 are described by whimsical portmanteau words, such as cockapoo or spoodle (Cocker Spaniel), maltipoo (Maltese), goldendoodle (Golden Retriever), labradoodle (Labrador), Schnoodle (Schnauzer), Pekapoos (Pekingese), Cavoodle (Cavalier King Charles), Bernedoodle (Bernese Mountain Dog) and many others.",
5074
        "Poodles are one of the most recognizable dogs in all of dogdom and have been depicted as subjects in paintings portraiture, photography, and prints for centuries.",
5075
        "Rembrandt created self portrait with his pet poodle in the foreground in 1631.",
5076
        "There are many poodles in paintings of the Spanish artist Francisco Goya.",
5077
        "The Poodle is the national dog of France, and the French sure do love their Poodles.",
5078
        "A pet owner can anticipate grooming a poodle every six to eight weeks."
5079
    ],
5080
    "Porcupine": [
5081
        "Porcupines are large rodents with defensive spines or quills on the body and tail.",
5082
        "There are 29 different species of porcupine found in their native habitats around the world.",
5083
        "The average life expectancy of a wild porcupine is 5 to 6 years, while their captive counterparts have been known to live up to 10 years.",
5084
        "They are found in two main regions of the world, so scientists group them into either Old World or New World porcupines.",
5085
        "The Old World porcupines live in southern Europe, Asia, and most of Africa. They live in forests and deserts, and on rocky outcrops and hillsides.",
5086
        "The New World porcupines are indigenous to North America and northern South America. They live in wooded areas and can climb trees, where some species spend their entire lives. They are less strictly nocturnal than their Old World relatives, and generally smaller. In taxonomic terms, they form the family Erethizontidae.",
5087
        "Porcupines can be found on rocky areas up to 3 thousands meters (12 thousands feet) high.",
5088
        "Most porcupines are about 60\u201390 cm (25\u201336 in) long, with an 20\u201325 cm (8\u201310 in) long tail.",
5089
        "The more than 30 thousands quills covering the body of a porcupine represent this critter's most obvious and most effective defense adaptation.",
5090
        "The quills of New World porcupines are much smaller (about 4 inches or 10 centimeters long) but work just as well. The end of each quill has a small barb (like a fish hook) that snags the flesh, keeping the quill stuck in the enemy's skin.",
5091
        "The typical porcupine diet consists mostly of plant matter \u2014 think tubers, buds, fruit, bark, carrots, potatoes and cassava. During the wintertime, porcupines eat a lot of tree bark, as well. They will also eat bugs once in a great while.",
5092
        "Porcupines are mostly nocturnal, spending their evenings foraging for dinner. They tend to mind their own business, getting their dander \u2014 and their quills \u2014 up only when threatened.",
5093
        "Porcupines are arboreal, built for climbing trees. Their prehensile tails make the task of living in the trees easier. Their teeth \u2014 particularly the sharp, large front choppers \u2014 are also made for trees.",
5094
        "Although porcupines do not hibernate during the winter, they remain in their dens during especially cold or inclement weather.",
5095
        "Porcupines are very vocal during mating season and the gestation period is about 7 months. Porcupine babies, called porcupettes, are not born with sharp or barbed quills. Instead, the porcupette's quills are soft and bendable, gradually hardening in the first few days after birth. The youngsters stay with their mother for just a few months before they are ready to live on their own.",
5096
        "Fishers are a primary predator of porcupines, but quills have been found embedded in coyotes, pumas, bobcats, foxes, lynx, bears, wolves and even Great Horned Owls. These predators kill a porcupine by biting its unprotected face or by flipping it over to expose the vulnerable underside.",
5097
        "A family of porcupines is called a prickle \u2014 really!",
5098
        "The word porcupine in Latin means \"quill pig.\" It's an inaccurate scientific description as porcupines are rodents and pigs are even-toed ungulates. Yet Latin isn't the only language misidentifying the porcupine: The French word equivalent to the English porcupine is porc espin or \"spined pig\". In either case, the wording focused on the porcupine's quills accurately depicts the feature he is best known for having.",
5099
        "A greasy coating on porcupine quills contains antibiotics, possibly to protect the animal from infection if it is accidentally pricked by its own quills."
5100
    ],
5101
    "Prairie Dog": [
5102
        "Prairie dogs are rodents native to the grasslands of North America.",
5103
        "There are 5 species of prairie dogs: black-tailed, white-tailed, Gunnison's, Utah, and Mexican prairie dogs.",
5104
        "The lifespan of prairie dogs is from 3 to 5 years in the wild and up to 10 years in captivity.",
5105
        "Prairie dogs live mainly at altitudes ranging from 600 to 3 thousands meters (2 thousands to 10 thousands feet) above sea level. The areas where they live can get as warm as 38 \u00b0C (100 \u00b0F) in the summer and as cold as \u221237 \u00b0C (\u221235 \u00b0F) in the winter.",
5106
        "Prairie dogs are social rodents that live in huge, underground burrows, called towns. Undisturbed towns have tens of thousands of prairie dog residents and go for kilometers/miles in every direction.",
5107
        "A pile of dirt outside each burrow entrance indicates a prairie dog town. The dirt piles provide protection from the weather. They also give the little prairie dogs some extra height when watching for predators. Underground, the tunnels contain separate chambers for sleeping, rearing young, and eliminating waste.",
5108
        "In 1901, scientists surveyed a single Texas \"dog town\" that covered an area of almost 65 thousands square kilometers (25 thousands square miles) and contained an estimated 400 million prairie dogs.",
5109
        "Prairie dogs are diurnal and spend much of the day looking for food; they do not store food in their burrows.",
5110
        "Prairie dogs are chiefly herbivorous, though they eat some insects. Succulent parts of herbs and grasses, leaves, and new shrub growth are eaten in the spring, and seeds are the primary component of the summer diet, with stems and roots being the mainstay in fall and early winter.",
5111
        "During winter, prairie dogs stay in their burrows and survive on the fat in their bodies which they store up when food was plentiful.",
5112
        "Prairie dogs can run very fast\u2013 at around 56 km/h (35 mph) \u2013 for short distances.",
5113
        "Prairie dogs communicate information about threats to each other through a range of differently pitched and constructed chirps and barks.",
5114
        "The prairie dog is well adapted to predators. Using its dichromatic color vision, it can detect predators from a great distance; it then alerts other prairie dogs of the danger with a special, high-pitched call.",
5115
        "Constantine Slobodchikoff and others assert that prairie dogs use a sophisticated system of vocal communication to describe specific predators. According to them, prairie dog calls contain specific information as to what the predator is, how big it is and how fast it is approaching.",
5116
        "Late winter or early spring is the breeding season for prairie dogs, and after about a month's gestation, females drop a litter of 3 to 8 young. The young, called pups, are born hairless and with eyes closed. In the nursery, the mother takes care of her pups until they are about six weeks old and ready to venture above ground. At about one year of age, the young prairie dogs may leave to start a new coterie by taking over abandoned tunnels or by digging new ones.",
5117
        "Until 2003, primarily black-tailed prairie dogs were collected from the wild for the exotic pet trade in Canada, the United States, Japan, and Europe. They were removed from their underground burrows each spring, as young pups, with a large vacuum device.",
5118
        "Prairie dogs are closely related to chipmunks and marmots (including the groundhog).",
5119
        "In companies that use large numbers of cubicles in a common space, employees sometimes use the term \"prairie dogging\" to refer to the action of several people simultaneously looking over the walls of their cubicles in response to a noise or other distraction. This action is thought to resemble the startled response of a group of prairie dogs."
5120
    ],
5121
    "Proboscis Monkey": [
5122
        "The proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) or long-nosed monkey is a species of old world monkey.",
5123
        "The proboscis monkey is found only on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. It is found on all three nations that divide the island of Borneo: Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia.",
5124
        "The proboscis monkey inhabits the mixed diterocarp-kerangas forests, mangrove forests and lowland forests near fresh water and rivers.",
5125
        "The proboscis monkey is a large species, being one of the largest monkey species native to Asia.",
5126
        "The fur of the adult proboscis monkey is bright orange, reddish brown, yellowish brown or brick-red on the back; underfur is light-grey, yellowish, or greyish to light-orange; and the arms, legs, and tail are gray.",
5127
        "Proboscis monkeys are most noticeable due to the males large nose which can exceed 10.2 cm (4.0 in) in length, and hangs lower than the mouth. Females have a much smaller nose that does not have the large bulbous end. Nevertheless, the nose of the female is still fairly large for a primate.",
5128
        "Proboscis monkeys are diurnal, preferring to be active from late afternoon until dark.",
5129
        "The proboscis monkey is largely arboreal and moves quadrupedally and by leaps. It is known to jump off branches and descend into water.",
5130
        "Proboscis monkeys are perhaps the most aquatic of the primates. They have webbed toes, an adaptation that enables them to swim long distances.",
5131
        "Proboscis monkeys are folivores and frugivores. They prefer fruits, seeds, young leaves, and shoots of mangrove. They may also eat some invertebrates such as caterpillars and larvae.",
5132
        "Proboscis monkeys look potbellied because of their huge chambered stomachs.",
5133
        "Proboscis monkeys generally live in groups composed of one adult male, some adult females and their offspring. All-male groups may also exist. Some individuals are solitary, mostly males.",
5134
        "Proboscis monkeys are known to make several vocalizations. Honks are made by males as a threat or to warn of predators. Shrieks are made by females and both sexes of juveniles to show aggitation or excitement, and screams are given during agonistic encounters.",
5135
        "Proboscis monkeys give birth to a single offspring after a gestation of 166\u2013200 days. Births usually occur at night or in the early morning. Baby is born with blue faces, which gradually shift to the cream color of adults.",
5136
        "Predators of the proboscis monkey include crocodiles, clouded leopards, eagles, monitor lizards and pythons.",
5137
        "The population of the proboscis monkey is on the decline and the species has been listed as endangered since 2000. According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, proboscis monkeys are limited to scattered and inconsistently distributed populations throughout their native range.",
5138
        "The primary threat to proboscis monkeys is habitat loss; because of logging and oil palm plantations; also the coastal habitats frequented by proboscis monkeys have been converted into shrimp farms and settled by humans.",
5139
        "The proboscis monkey is protected by law in all regions of Borneo.",
5140
        "There are thought to be around 7 thousands proboscis monkeys left in the wild today.",
5141
        "The proboscis monkey also goes by the Indonesian name monyet belanda (\"Dutch monkey\"), or even orang belanda (\"Dutchman\"), as Indonesians remarked that the Dutch colonisers often had similarly large bellies and noses."
5142
    ],
5143
    "Pufferfish": [
5144
        "The pufferfish are fish making up the family Tetraodontidae.",
5145
        "There are more than 120 species of pufferfish worldwide.",
5146
        "Most pufferfish are found in sub-tropical and tropical marine waters (including coral reefs) in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Some puffers live in brackish and fresh water.",
5147
        "They are called the pufferfish because when they are threatened, they puff up to about twice their normal size by gulping water.",
5148
        "Pufferfish are generally believed to be the second-most poisonous vertebrates in the world, after the golden poison frog.",
5149
        "Some of the most notable types of pufferfish include: dwarf puffers, Nile puffers and Takifugu.",
5150
        "Dwarf puffers, are tiny freshwater pufferfish that is native to the rivers of Southwest India. These fish are popular in aquariums, resulting in severe overfishing that threatens them in particular. Dwarf pufferfish may also be known as peak puffers or pygmy puffers.",
5151
        "Nile puffers or Tetraodon lineatus are one of the most popular kinds of freshwater pufferfish to keep as a pet. As the name implies, the gorgeous yellow striped fish are found in the Nile river and throughout Africa.",
5152
        "The genus of pufferfish native to the northwest Pacific ocean are collectively known as Takifugu \u2013 these are the fish that were originally eaten as \"fugu.\" There are 25 different types of Takifugu, but they are all toxic.",
5153
        "Some species of pufferfish are considered vulnerable due to pollution, habitat loss, and overfishing, but most populations are considered stable."
5154
    ],
5155
    "Puffin": [
5156
        "Atlantic puffin is a small bird. It weighs 0.5 kilograms (17.5 ounces) and can reach 25 centimetars (10 inches) in length. Males are slightly bigger than females.",
5157
        "Nicknamed 'sea parrots' \u2013 and sometimes 'clowns of the sea'! \u2013 Atlantic puffins have black and white feathers and a large parrot-like beak.",
5158
        "Puffins are fab flyers, flapping their wings up to 400 times a minute and speeding through the air at up to 88km/h (55 mp/h). ",
5159
        "What's more, these brilliant birds are great swimmers, too! Using their webbed feet as a rudder, puffins can dive down 60 meters (197 feet) under water in search of their favorite fish.",
5160
        "For most of the year, Atlantic puffins live on the open ocean, with a range spanning from the eastern coast of Canada and the northern United States to the western coast of Europe and northern Russia. 60% of the world's puffins live near Iceland.",
5161
        "Mating season takes place from April to August. During this period, large colonies of Atlantic puffins gather in their home grounds.",
5162
        "A puffin's beak (or bill) changes color during the year. In winter, the beak has a dull grey color, but in spring it blooms with an outrageous orange! It's thought that the bright color helps puffins assess potential mates.",
5163
        "Puffins lay just one egg per year\u2014and usually with the same mate. Like some penguins, both parents take turns incubating the egg and caring for the chick.",
5164
        "Puffins are one of the few birds that have the ability to hold several small fish in their bills at a time. Their raspy tongues and spiny palates allow them to firm grasp 10 to 12 fish during one foraging trip. They thus can bring more food back to their young compared with other seabirds that tend to swallow and regurgitate meals for their chicks. ",
5165
        "After 45 days, the chick leaves the burrow and spends 3-5 years at sea learning about feeding places and choosing a mate. In the wild, puffins can live around 20 years.",
5166
        "Body of Atlantic puffin is covered with black and white plumage. In the past, feathers of Atlantic puffins were used for decoration of hats.",
5167
        "Their main predator is the great black-backed gull, which can capture a puffin mid-flight or swoop in on a puffin on the ground.",
5168
        "With 6 million alive today puffins are not classed as an endangered species, populations in some places are in decline. The main threats are over-fishing, which can lead to a shortage of food for puffins, and pollution \u2013 particularly oil spills. Not only does the oil make these beautiful birds sick, it destroys their waterproof feathers, essential for their survival.",
5169
        "The Atlantic puffin is the official bird symbol of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada"
5170
    ],
5171
    "Pug": [
5172
        "The pug is a breed of dog.",
5173
        "Typically loyal and alert, the pug is a valued companion dog.",
5174
        "The pug is one of the world's oldest breeds of dogs, with a history dating back to at least 400 BC.",
5175
        "In ancient times, Pugs were bred to be companions for ruling families in China. The pet Pugs were highly valued by Chinese Emperors, and the royal dogs were kept in luxury and guarded by soldiers.",
5176
        "Pugs later spread to other parts of Asia. In Tibet, Buddhist monks kept Pugs as pets in their monasteries. The breed has retained its affectionate devotion to its owners since ancient times.",
5177
        "Pugs were brought from China to Europe in the sixteenth century and were popularized in Western Europe by the House of Orange of the Netherlands, and the House of Stuart.",
5178
        "They become the official dog of the House of Orange in 1572 after a Pug named Pompey saved the life of the Prince of Orange by alerting him to the approach of assassins.",
5179
        "A Pug travelled with William III and Mary II when they left the Netherlands to accept the throne of England in 1688. During this period, the Pug may have been bred with the old type King Charles spaniel, giving the modern King Charles Spaniel its Pug characteristics.",
5180
        "The English painter William Hogarth was the devoted owner of a series of Pugs. His 1745 self-portrait, which is now in London's Tate Gallery, includes his Pug, Trump.",
5181
        "Pugs were painted by Goya in Spain, and in Italy they rode up front on private carriages, dressed in jackets and pantaloons that matched those of the coachman. They were used by the military to track animals and people, and were also employed as guard dogs.",
5182
        "The popularity of the Pug continued to spread in France during the eighteenth century. Before her marriage to Napoleon Bonaparte, Jos\u00e9phine had her Pug Fortune carry concealed messages to her family while she was confined at Les Carmes prison, it having alone been given visiting rights.",
5183
        "In nineteenth century England, the breed flourished under the patronage of Queen Victoria. She favored apricot and fawn colors. Queen Victoria's passion for Pugs was passed on to many other members of the Royal family, including her grandson King George V and his son King Edward VIII.",
5184
        "Pugs arrived in the United States during the nineteenth century and were soon making their way into the family home and the show ring.",
5185
        "The pug was first registered with the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1885 and has continued to gain popularity.",
5186
        "The Pug Dog Club of America was founded in 1931 and was recognized by the American Kennel Club that same year.",
5187
        "The word \"Pai\" came to be used as the name for this type of dog, and it is possible that to Western ears this name may have resembled the name now used in the West, \"Pug.\" In 1731 the word \"pug\" was defined in a dictionary as a nickname for a monkey or dog. Marmosets were popular as pets at that time, and the Pug's squashedin face probably caused it to share the same name.",
5188
        "Another possibility is that the name originated from the Latin word pugnus, which means fist, as some people thought that the shape of the Pug's face resembled a clenched fist. ",
5189
        "The word \"pug\" or \"pugge\" was also a term of endearment, though it may also be a derivation of \"Puck,\" conjuring up Shakespearean images of an impish face.",
5190
        "The pug most likely shares a common ancestor with the Pekingese. The short-coated pug and the long-coated Pekingese share similar features, most notably their flat faces and coloring.",
5191
        "The pug bears a resemblance to Chinese Fu Lions, or Guardian Lions, and it is believed that the sculptors may have modeled the lions after the pug, or one of several other Chinese dog breeds that are similar in appearance (such as the Pekingese).",
5192
        "In Tibet, pugs were called lags k'yi, which means \"hand dog.\" This comes from a Tibetan legend about the origins of pugs. According to the legend, if a human touches a young eagle right after it is hatched, it will be transformed into a pug dog.",
5193
        "The Men in Black film series features Frank, a fictional talking pug portrayed by animal actor Mushu. Otis and Frank are characters that have helped to popularize pugs and have become iconic examples of the breed.",
5194
        "Pugs are one of the most popular breeds of dogs in the United States today."
5195
    ],
5196
    "Puma": [
5197
        "The Puma concolor, also commonly known as the mountain lion, puma, cougar or panther is a large felid of the subfamily Felinae native to the Americas.",
5198
        "Puma is the largest of the small cat species.",
5199
        "Lifespan for puma in the wild is between 8 \u2013 13 years and in captivity up to 20 years.",
5200
        "Mountain lionis or pumas are the second heaviest cat in the New World, after the jaguar and and the fourth heaviest in the world after the tiger, lion and jaguar.",
5201
        "Pumas are powerfully built, with large paws and sharp claws. Their hind legs are larger and more muscular than their front legs to give them great jumping power.",
5202
        "Pumas can run up to 80 km/h (50 mph) and jump as high as 4.6 meters (15 feet).",
5203
        "Pumas use whistles, screams, squeaks and purrs to communicate.",
5204
        "Pumas have a plain colored fur ranging from tawny to silver grey or reddish brown. Pumas have lighter patches on their underparts including the jaws, chin and throat.",
5205
        "The name of a male is referred to simply as a 'Puma', the female is referred to as a 'she-Puma' and the young are called 'cubs'.",
5206
        "In North America, scientists have found puma home ranges that varied in size from 20 to 640 kilometers (12 to 398 miles).",
5207
        "Pumas are found from the Canadian Yukon to the southern Andes of South America. They live in a variety of habitats, at home in forests, deserts, prairies, and swamps\u2014they are very adaptable cats!",
5208
        "Pumas are solitary cats, except during breeding or when a mother is caring for her young (cubs).",
5209
        "Puma is a carnivorous stalker and ambush predator and pursues a wide variety of prey.",
5210
        "Puma's prey depending on where they live, including deer, pigs, sheeps, capybaras, armadillos, raccoons, hares, and squirrels.",
5211
        "They are known for their ability to hunt large prey. Some larger cats even bring down animals as big as an elk or a moose. In the Chilean Patagonia, pumas hunt guanacos.",
5212
        "Pumas learn to climb the tree early in their life.",
5213
        "One of the most famous subspecies of Puma is the Florida Panther which is the smallest of the Puma species and also the rarest.",
5214
        "One of the most obvious reasons as to why this large and powerful feline is not classified as one of the world's 'big' Cats is that pumas are not able to roar.",
5215
        "Pumas are classed a 'Near Threatened' by the IUCN. The total breeding population of pumas is less than 50 thousands individuals and continues to decline.",
5216
        "i think pumas are the best cats in the world.",
5217
        "pumas are the best dude and i agree with you i like pumas.",
5218
        "i love pumas they are the coolest animal in the world they are the best type of cat i agree with you 2"
5219
    ],
5220
    "Pygmy Marmoset": [
5221
        "The pygmy marmoset is a small species of New World monkey.",
5222
        "The pygmy marmoset is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.",
5223
        "Pygmy marmosets generally live in evergreen and river-edge forests. They like to have lots of hiding places among the plants.",
5224
        "The average lifespan for pygmy marmosets is about 12 years in the wild and up to 18 in captivity.",
5225
        "The pygmy marmoset is the smallest monkey in the world. But it is not the smallest primate \u2014 that title belongs to the mouse lemur.",
5226
        "The length of the head and body of the pygmy marmoset is about 12 to 15 cm (4.7 to 6 in), and the tail is about 17 to 23 cm (6.7 to 9 in). The average adult body weight is just over 100 grams (3.5 oz).",
5227
        "The pygmy marmoset walks on all four limbs and can leap up to 5 m (16 ft) between branches.",
5228
        "The pygmy marmoset has diurnal lifestyle.",
5229
        "Pygmy marmosets live in groups called troops. These troops ranging from two to nine, with an average of five members. Usually the troop has a breeding pair, their babies, and any of their adult children.",
5230
        "The female gives birth to twins twice a year and the parental care is shared between the group. Infant pygmy marmosets, along with their parents, twin, and other siblings, form cooperative care groups.",
5231
        "Because of their extremely small body size, pygmy marmosets are subject to predation by raptors, small felids, and climbing snakes. In some cases, they exhibit mobbing behavior in which the entire group flocks to an intruder, loudly vocalizing and attacking the intruder until it retreats; other times, they remain frozen until the threat has passed.",
5232
        "Pygmy marmosets are rare to find in the market for purchase. Prices range from $1 thousands to $4 thousands."
5233
    ],
5234
    "Quokka": [
5235
        "The quokka is a small macropod about the size of a domestic cat.",
5236
        "The scientific name of the quokka is Setonix brachyurus.",
5237
        "Quokkas are live on some smaller islands off the coast of Western Australia, particularly Rottnest Island, just off Perth, and also Bald Island near Albany. They also live on the mainland in Western Australia.",
5238
        "The lifespan of a quokka is about 10 years in the wild and up to 15 years in captivity.",
5239
        "The quokka weighs 2.5 to 5 kilograms (5.5 to 11 pounds) and is 40 to 54 centimeters (16 to 21 inches) long with a 25-to-30-centimeter (9.8 to 11.8 inches) -long tail, which is quite short for a macropod.",
5240
        "The quokka has rough fur which is a brown color, fading to pale brown underneath.",
5241
        "Quokkas have a happy, genial expression to their face. While it is easy to think that these animals are just super friendly, it is actually due to evolution. Like canines, quokkas' mouths open slightly to pant allowing them to cool themselves. When they're happy and hot (which is quite often) they seem like they are smiling.",
5242
        "The fact that quokkas are trusting, gentle, and lovable makes their expression easier to believe. You should be careful though, because they are still wild animals and do have sharp claws and teeth that they will use if they feel threatened.",
5243
        "The quokka is often referred to as \"the happiest animal in the world\" by humans.",
5244
        "Like most macropods, quokkas eat many types of vegetation, including grasses and leaves.",
5245
        "Quokkas are nocturnal, which means they sleep during the day and are active during the night when it's cooler. They can often be found napping in the shade during the day.",
5246
        "Their sense of color vision is developed selectively among marsupials. Unlike wallabies, quokkas have color vision. This is likely to help the species spot their predators.",
5247
        "The quokka moves in the same way as a kangaroo, using both small and large hops.",
5248
        "Quokkas creates tunnels that they use as runways through the dense vegetation, which they are then able to hop extremely fast along when threatened.",
5249
        "Quokkas are social and friendly animals that live in family like groups. They usually live in family groups from around 20 to 150 quokkas.",
5250
        "The IUCN Red List classifies the quokka as vulnerable due to declining populations and loss of habitat from logging and development.",
5251
        "The word quokka is derived from a Nyungar word, which was probably gwaga.",
5252
        "The quokka was one of the first Australian mammals seen by Europens. The Dutch sailor, Samuel Volckertzoon wrote about seeing a \"a wild cat\" on Rottnest Island in 1658. In 1696, Willem de Vlamingh thought they were rats and named the island \"Rottenest\", Dutch for \"rat nest\"."
5253
    ],
5254
    "Quoll": [
5255
        "Quolls are a catlike carnivorous marsupials.",
5256
        "Quolls are native to mainland Australia, New Guinea, and Tasmania.",
5257
        "There are six species of quall: \u2022 the bronze quoll (D. spartacus) \u2022 the western quoll or chuditch (D. geoffroii) \u2022 the New Guinean quoll (D. albopunctatus) \u2022 the eastern quoll (D. viverrinus) \u2022 the tiger quoll or spotted tail quoll (D. maculatus) \u2022 the northern quoll (D. hallucatus)",
5258
        "The lifespan of a quolls is from 2 to 5 years in the wild; the larger species tend to live longer than the smaller.",
5259
        "Quolls are between 25 and 75 cm (10 and 29.5 in) long, with hairy tails about 20 to 35 cm (8 to 14 in) long. They weight from 300 g (11 oz) to 7 kg (15 lb).",
5260
        "Females develop a pouch during the breeding season, which opens toward the tail (with the exception of the tiger quoll, which has a true pouch) when they are rearing young.",
5261
        "Quolls are primarily solitary animals that hunt at night. During the day they sleep in hollowed-out logs or rocky dens; though on rare occasions they can be seen looking for prey during the day.",
5262
        "Quolls are mostly carnivorous. The smaller quolls primarily eat insects, birds, frogs, lizards and fruit; the larger species eat birds, reptiles, and mammals, including echidnas, possums, rabbits and hares.",
5263
        "Quolls are primarily terrestrial, but are capable of climbing as well.",
5264
        "In 1770, Captain Cook collected quolls on his exploration of the east coast of Australia, adopting the Aboriginal name for the animals.",
5265
        "They were likened in appearance to a polecat or marten in the earliest reports, the tiger quoll being called \"spotted marten\" and eastern quoll \"spotted opossum\", but by 1804, the names \"native cat\" and \"tiger cat\" had been adopted by early settlers; quolls are still called \"marsupial cats\".",
5266
        "In the 1960s, noted naturalist David Fleay pushed for the revival of the term \"quoll\" to replace the then-current vernacular names that he felt were misleading. They are very well known animals in Australia.",
5267
        "All species have drastically declined in numbers since Australasia was colonised by Europeans, with one species, the eastern quoll, becoming extinct on the Australian mainland, now found only in Tasmania.",
5268
        "The primary threats to quolls are habitat loss and fragmentation.",
5269
        "Cane toads were introduced into Queensland in 1935; their numbers have since grown exponentially. These poisonous toads pose a significant threat to the northern quoll, which may die after consuming one."
5270
    ],
5271
    "Rabbit": [
5272
        "Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha, found in several parts of the world.",
5273
        "There are eight different genera in the family classified as rabbits.",
5274
        "Today their are more than 50 different species of rabbit and the number continues to increase as the selectivebreeding of pet rabbits becomes more popular.",
5275
        "The expected lifespan of a rabbit is about 9 to 12 years. The oldest rabbit on record was 18 year old.",
5276
        "More than half the world's rabbit population resides in North America. They are also native to southwestern Europe, Southeast Asia, Sumatra, some islands of Japan, and in parts of Africa and South America.",
5277
        "Rabbit habitats include meadows, woods, forests, grasslands, deserts and wetlands.",
5278
        "Small rabbit species can be as little as 20 centimeters (8 inches) in length and weigh less than 0.5 kilogram (1 pound). Larger rabbits grow to 50 centimeters (20 inches) and more than 2 kilograms (4.4 pounds).",
5279
        "Rabbits have an excellent sense of smell, hearing and vision. They have nearly 360\u00b0 panoramic vision, allowing them to detect predators from all directions. They can see everything behind them and only have a small blind-spot in front of their nose.",
5280
        "Rabbits are territorial animals which live in large groups called colonies. They live in warrens (group of burrows) comprising of an intricate series of underground tunnels with different entrances and exits.",
5281
        "The busiest time of day for rabbits is at dusk and dawn. This is when they venture out to find food. The low light allows them to hide from predators.",
5282
        "Rabbits are herbivores that feed on mainly on grass, but rabbits also eat nuts and berries and often fruit and vegetables.",
5283
        "Rabbits have extremely strong hind limbs which allow them to leap great distances. They can jump up to one meter (3.3 feet) high and three meters (9.8 feet) long.",
5284
        "When rabbits 'binky', this is an expression of joy. They will run, jump into the air, twist their body and flick their feet.",
5285
        "Rabbits stand upright on their hind legs to give themselves a better vantage point to look for predators. They alert other rabbits to the presence of danger by thumping their hind legs.",
5286
        "Rabbits are known for their insatiable reproductive habits for good reason. They breed 3 to 4 times each year. This is because only 15% of baby rabbits make it to their first birthday. So, to ensure that the population grows, rabbits have more babies.",
5287
        "The average gestation period for rabbits is 31 days; however, it can vary from 29 to 35 days.",
5288
        "Rabbits can have anywhere from 1 to 14 babies, also called kits, in one litter. An average litter size is 6.",
5289
        "The largest litter of rabbits ever reported consisted of 24 kits. After 4 to 5 weeks, a kit can care for itself.",
5290
        "If there is a lack of natural predators, an area can quickly become overrun with rabbits.",
5291
        "There are a lot of animals that hunt rabbits. They are a primary consumer so they are at the bottom of the food chain. So the animals that feed on rabbits include fox, coyotes, wolves, lynx, weasels, raccoon, large birds such as hawks, eagles, owls.",
5292
        "A male rabbit is called a buck, and a female is called a doe. A baby rabbit is called a kit, which is short for kitten. Bunny is just an affectionate name for a rabbit, young or adult.",
5293
        "The rabbit is one of the most recognizable and well-loved creatures in the animal kingdom.",
5294
        "Domesticated for thousands of years, rabbits are bred for their meat, their fur, and of course, for companionship.",
5295
        "There are an estimated 14 million pet rabbits in the world.",
5296
        "The World's Largest Rabbit named \"Darius\" weighs approximately 22 kilograms 49 pounds and is currently 130 centimeters 4 feet, 3 inches. Although this might sound unbelievable, \"Darius\" is indeed a real rabbit that currently lives with its owner Annette Edwards from the UK.",
5297
        "Those big front teeth, called incisors, get all the attention, but an adult rabbit actually has a full set of 28 teeth.",
5298
        "Believe it or not, a rabbit's teeth never stop growing throughout its life.",
5299
        "The average heart rate of a rabbit ranges between 130-325 beats per minute.",
5300
        "Rabbits are often used as a symbol of fertility or rebirth, and have long been associated with spring and Easter as the Easter Bunny.",
5301
        "The rabbit as trickster appears in American popular culture; for example the Br'er Rabbit character from African-American folktales and Disney animation; and the Warner Bros. cartoon character Bugs Bunny.",
5302
        "A rabbit's foot is carried as an amulet believed to bring good luck. This is found in many parts of the world, and with the earliest use being in Europe around 600 B.C.",
5303
        "Rabbits are one of the twelve celestial animals in the Chinese Zodiac for the Chinese calendar.",
5304
        "Rabbits and hares are two different species. The biggest difference between the two is what their babies look like at birth. Newborn hares are born with fur and are able to move as well as see shortly after birth."
5305
    ],
5306
    "Raccoon": [
5307
        "The raccoons are a medium-sized mammals native to North America.",
5308
        "The original habitats of the raccoon are deciduous and mixed forests, but due to their adaptability they have extended their range to mountainous areas, coastal marshes, and urban areas, where some homeowners consider them to be pests.",
5309
        "In the wild, a raccoon has a life expectancy of about 2 to 3 years, but in captivity a raccoon can live up to 20 years.",
5310
        "Raccoon averages 61 to 96 centimeters (24 to 38 inches) in length and can weigh between 5.5 and 15.8 kilograms (12 and 35 pounds), depending upon habitat and available food.",
5311
        "The male raccoon, or boar, is slightly larger than the female, also referred to as sow. The young are called kits and a group of raccoons is called a nursery.",
5312
        "The most distinctive feature of the raccoon is the \"bandit\" like face mask around the eyes of the raccoon. One hypothesis states that the raccoon's mask of black fur may function to reduce glare and enhance night vision.",
5313
        "The raccoons are nocturnal, mostly foraging and feeding at night and sleep during the day.",
5314
        "Because its hind legs are longer than the front legs, a raccoon often appears hunched when they walk or run.",
5315
        "A raccoon can run at speeds up to 24 km/h (15 mph).",
5316
        "Raccoons are excellent swimmers.They are also great climbers, which allows them to better access food and shelter.",
5317
        "The raccoon's sense of touch is its most important and specialised sense. They have 'hyper-sensitive' front paws which are protected by a thin horny layer which becomes pliable when wet.When able, a raccoon will examine objects in water.",
5318
        "Raccoons are highly intelligent and curious animals.",
5319
        "The raccoon is an omnivorous and opportunistic eater, with its diet determined heavily by its environment. Common foods include fruits, plants, nuts, berries, insects, rodents, frogs, eggs, and crayfish. In urban environments, the animal often sifts through garbage for food. The majority of its diet consists of invertebrates and plant foods.",
5320
        "A raccoon will rinse its food in water prior to eating it. When there is no water close by, a raccoon will still rub its food to remove debris.",
5321
        "During fall, raccoons stock up on fatty nuts and seeds for the coming winter.",
5322
        "During the winter months raccoons do not hibernate, however they minimize their activity in order to conserve energy. During this time, an animal can lose up to 50% of its body weight.",
5323
        "The raccoon's main predators are coyotes, wolves, pumas and bobcats. Large owls and eagles will prey on young raccoons.",
5324
        "Raccoons produce various sounds including hisses, whistles, screams, growls and snarls.",
5325
        "Mating season for raccoons falls generally anytime between January and June.",
5326
        "The English word \"raccoon\" is an adaptation of a native Powhatan word meaning \"animal that scratches with its hands.\"",
5327
        "The raccoon's scientific name, Procyon lotor is neo-Latin and translates to \"before-dog washer.\"",
5328
        "A series of studies in the mid-to-late-twentieth century show that a raccoon can remember solutions to tasks for up to 3 years."
5329
    ],
5330
    "Ragdoll": [
5331
        "The Ragdoll cat is a cat breed with a color point coat and blue eyes.",
5332
        "The breed was named \"Ragdoll\" because they often go limp and relax like a rag or cloth doll when it is picked up.",
5333
        "The Ragdoll cat has a typical lifespan of 12 to 15 years.",
5334
        "The Ragdoll cat has an overall height of 23 to 28 cm (9 to 11 in) and body length of 43 to 53 cm (17 to 21 in). A Ragdoll cat weighs between 4 and 9 kg (8-20 lb).",
5335
        "The Ragdoll cat comes in three patterns, pointed, pointed with white mitts, and parti-color, which always has a unique v-shaped white marking on the forehead.",
5336
        "Ragdoll kittens are born pure white. At about 10 days old their coloring begins to develop and by 6 weeks the markings are fairly clear. It takes another 3 years for these cats to grow to full size.",
5337
        "The beginning of the Ragdoll breed is clouded in mystery. The Ragdoll breed was developed by Ann Baker in Riverside, California. It originated in 1964 with the first kittens being named as Ragdolls in 1965.",
5338
        "In an attempt to retain control over the growing number of owners and breeders, Ann created the International Ragdoll Cat Association (IRCA) in 1971 and and it was registered as a business in September of that year. In order to generate a steady flow of money, Ann also began franchising catteries that purchased breeding Ragdolls from her. Along this line, Ann was granted a patent by the United States Patent Office on December 19, 1975, and registered with the state of California April 16, 1975.",
5339
        "Many of the early owners and breeders rebelled against being franchised and wanted no part of such an arrangement. The Daytons had bought their Ragdolls prior to this time and refused to go along with this new franchise concept. As a result of Ann's actions, several owners decided that they no longer wanted to be involved with Ann and began to break away from her.",
5340
        "Particularly popular in both the United Kingdom and the breed's native United States, ragdoll cats often are known as \"dog-like cats\" due to behaviors such as their tendency to follow people around the house.",
5341
        "Ragdolls certainly aren't the cheapest breed of cat to buy. Ragdoll kittens can cost $400 each, while show-quality cats may be priced at $2 thousands or more. Prices will vary according to the breeder and the quality, age, and show record, if any, of the cat that you're considering.",
5342
        "The largest international Ragdoll breed club is the Ragdoll Fanciers' Club International (RFCI).",
5343
        "The cat in the Swedish movie A Man Called Ove is a ragdoll.",
5344
        "Matilda III, the former mascot of The Algonquin Hotel in New York City, is a ragdoll.",
5345
        "Joe Rogan mentions that the breed of cat he owns is a ragdoll in his 2018 Netflix stand up special Strange Times."
5346
    ],
5347
    "Rat": [
5348
        "Rats are various medium-sized, long-tailed rodents.",
5349
        "In scientific usage, rat applies to any of 56 rodent species in the genus Rattus. These are also known as\"true rats.\"",
5350
        "Many members of other rodent genera and families are also referred to as rats, and share many characteristics with true rats. Examples include the North American pack rats, a number of species loosely called kangaroo rats, and others.",
5351
        "Rats are found in nearly all areas of Earth which are inhabited by human beings. The only rat-free continent is Antarctica.",
5352
        "Not all rats live close to humans. Some species, live in remote habitats like marshlands and rainforests.",
5353
        "The average lifespan of any given rat depends on which species is being discussed, but many only live about a year due to predation.",
5354
        "Rats are typically distinguished from mice by their size.",
5355
        "Rats are generally slender with a pointed head, large eyes, and prominent, thinly furred ears. They have moderately long legs and long, sharp claws. The bald soles of their narrow hind feet possess fleshy pads of variable size, depending on species.",
5356
        "The best known rats are the black rat (Rattus rattus), and the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus).",
5357
        "In their natural habitats rats are primarily nocturnal \u2014 the brown rat is a prominent exception, being active day and night in both urban and rural environments.",
5358
        "All rats are terrestrial, and many are also arboreal.",
5359
        "Rats are some of the most social rodents of all. They live in large, cooperative communities.",
5360
        "Rats become attached to one another, love their families, enjoy playing, wrestling, and sleeping curled up together. They will take care of injured or sick rats in their family.",
5361
        "Rats have numerous ways of communicating with each other, the most common being body language. They have excellent hearing, and they communicate with each other by producing and recognizing meaningful ultrasound frequencies that humans cannot hear. They also communicate by touch, by smell, and by sound at frequencies that we can't hear.",
5362
        "Rats are expert at navigating the world in the dark using their sense of touch. They rhythmically brush and tap about 60 large vibrissae (whiskers) against objects to determine object size, shape, orientation, and texture. This behavior is called \"whisking.\"",
5363
        "Rats use their tails for balance. They climb ropes and anchor chains, they walk along fences and telephone wires and branches, and their tails help them balance.",
5364
        "Rats are also excellent swimmers. They are capable of holding their breath for up to three minutes and treading water for up to three days. And given their fondness for underground pipes, sewer rats can occasionally find their way into pipes that lead up into toilets.",
5365
        "Rats have excellent memories, and once they learn a navigation route, they never forget it.",
5366
        "Rats' front teeth grow 11 to 14 centimeters (4.5 to 5.5 inches) each year. Rats wear them down by continuously gnawing on everything around them, including cement, brick, wood, lead pipes.",
5367
        "Rats may grind their teeth when stressed or in pain, but tooth-grinding is typically a rat's way of expressing contentment and relaxation. This behavior is known as bruxing.",
5368
        "Rats are opportunist omnivorous eaters. That means they will eat whatever they can find. In most cases, this includes grains, fruits and vegetables, seeds and nuts and any other edibles they might find. Although rats prefer to eat what they find, they will hunt in occasion, catching bugs and other small animals.",
5369
        "Rats, like hamsters and other rodents, are food hoarders. That means they'll take more food than they can eat so they can hold on to it for later. Many will eat some of what they find, then bring the rest along so they can hide it near where they live.",
5370
        "Rats are careful eaters. To avoid eating something that might make them sick, wild rats are used to \"sampling\" or trying tiny amounts of foods to make sure they can digest it properly.",
5371
        "Rats get a bad rap for being ugly, dirty and mean animals, but they're actually quite clean and caring animals. They can spend several hours a day cleaning and grooming themselves In fact, rats are less likely than dogs or cats to catch and transmit parasites and viruses.",
5372
        "Rat reproduction has been most intensively studied in the brown rat. This prolific rodent reaches sexual maturity at three months and may produce up to 12 litters of 2 to 22 young (8 or 9 is usual) per year, with peaks in the spring and autumn and a gestation period of 21 to 26 days.",
5373
        "The fancy rat is the most common breed of domesticated or pet rat. The name fancy rat derives from the idea of animal fancy (the promotion of domesticated animals) or the phrase \"to fancy\" (meaning to like or appreciate). They live around two or three years.",
5374
        "The Canadian province of Alberta (population 4.25 million) is notable for being the largest inhabited area on Earth which is free of true rats due to very aggressive government rat control policies.",
5375
        "Rat meat is a food that, while taboo in some cultures, is a dietary staple in others. Taboos include fears of disease or religious prohibition, but in many places, the high number of rats has led to their incorporation into the local diets.",
5376
        "Rat stew is consumed in American cuisine in the state of West Virginia. Rat-on-a-stick is a roasted rat dish consumed in Vietnam and Thailand.",
5377
        "In France and Victorian Britain rich people ate rat pie. During food rationing due to World War II, British biologists ate laboratory rat, creamed.",
5378
        "On the Isle of Man, there is a taboo against the word \"rat\".",
5379
        "The rat is the first of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac. People born in this year are expected to possess qualities associated with rats, including creativity, intelligence, honesty, generosity, ambition, a quick temper and wastefulness.",
5380
        "In Indian tradition, rats are seen as the vehicle of Ganesha, and a rat's statue is always found in a temple of Ganesh."
5381
    ],
5382
    "Rattlesnake": [
5383
        "Rattlesnakes are venomous snakes characterized by a segmented rattle at the tip of the tail that produces a buzzing sound when vibrated.",
5384
        "There are about 36 known species of rattlesnakes.",
5385
        "Rattlesnakes are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Canada to central Argentina but are most abundant and diverse in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.",
5386
        "Rattlesnakes can be found in a wide variety of habitats. They are most abundant in the desert sands of the Southwest, but they also like rocky areas, prairies, marshes and forests.",
5387
        "Rattlesnakes have a lifespan of 10 to 25 years in the wild.",
5388
        "Most rattlesnake species are 0.6 to 1.2 meters (2 to 4 feet) in length.",
5389
        "The largest rattlesnake species is the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus), reaching up to 2.4 meters (8 feet) in length and weight 1.8 to 4.5 kilograms (4 to 10 pounds).",
5390
        "The smallest rattlesnake species is the ridge-nosed rattlesnake (Crotalus willardi) measuring from 30 to 60 centimeters (1 to 2 feet) in length.",
5391
        "Rattlesnakes are known for their relatively heavy bodies and diamond-shaped heads.",
5392
        "Rattlesnake skin has a set of overlapping scales which cover the entire body, providing protection from a variety of threats including dehydration and physical trauma.",
5393
        "The skin of rattlesnakes is intricately patterned in a manner that camouflages them from their predators. Rattlesnakes do not generally have bright or showy colors, instead relying on subtle earth tones that resemble the surrounding environment.",
5394
        "Rattlesnakes get their name from special structures on the tip of their tail. Their \"rattle\" is made of rings of keratin (the same material our fingernails are made of). When vibrated, the rattle creates a hissing sound that warns off potential predators. It is an extremely effective and highly evolved predator-avoidance system.",
5395
        "Rattlesnakes are pit vipers \u2014 they have heat sensing organs located in pits near the eyes. The heat-sensitive pits detect the prey's heat, and nerves transmit this information to the same area in the brain that receives optic nerve impulses. It is accurate to say the rattlesnake \"sees\" a heat image of its prey, and it can strike in darkness if the prey is even slightly warmer than its background.",
5396
        "Rattlesnakes have an exceptionally keen sense of smell. They can sense olfactory stimuli both through their nostrils and by flicking their tongues, which carry scent-bearing particles to the Jacobson's organs in the roof of their mouths.",
5397
        "All rattlesnakes are venomous. Some are more venomous than others: the species and habitat of the snake determines how potent its venom is and can vary within a single species.",
5398
        "The rattlesnake's fangs inject venom into its prey when it strikes at a speed of about five-tenths of a second!",
5399
        "Venom is delivered from glands above the upper jaw, through the venom duct and out the enlarged, hollow teeth, known as fangs. The rattlesnake can control the amount of venom it releases.",
5400
        "Rattlesnakes mainly feed on small mammals and birds. They also eat snakes such as other rattlesnakes and garter snakes, lizards, frogs and large insects such as grasshoppers.",
5401
        "Rattlesnakes only look for food when they're hungry. An adult rattler goes about two weeks between meals, on average, depending on how large its last meal was. Younger rattlesnakes eat more often, about once a week.",
5402
        "Almost all reptiles, including rattlesnakes, are cold-blooded. As cold-blooded creatures, rattlers depend on the sun to warm them up to optimal temperatures and shady places to cool off.",
5403
        "Those in more temperate zones, where temperatures can drop to 4\u00b0C (40\u00b0F), enter a period of brumation, in the winter which is dormancy similar to hibernation. To keep from freezing, rattlesnakes congregate in dens and form swarming balls with their bodies.",
5404
        "Rocky crevices, burrows, and leaf litter all make safe dens for rattlesnakes.",
5405
        "Rattlesnakes often return to the same den, year after year, sometimes traveling several miles to get there.Most rattlesnake species mate during the summer or fall, while some species mate only in the spring, or during both the spring and fall.",
5406
        "Rattlesnakes are ovoviviparous. This means they give birth to live young after developing and retaining the eggs inside their bodies. Most of the time there are 8 to 10 babies born at once.",
5407
        "Rattlesnakes generally take several years to mature, and females usually reproduce only once every three years.",
5408
        "Their natural predators include birds of prey, such as owls, eagles and hawks, as well as foxes, coyotes, badgers, feral pigs and other snakes. Newborn rattlesnakes are especially susceptible to being hunted.",
5409
        "Most species of rattlesnakes are not endangered, according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).",
5410
        "Rattlesnakes play a very important role in their ecosystems by controlling small mammal populations.",
5411
        "Rattlesnakes have an undeserved reputation for being aggressive, even though they shun human contact and attack only when directly provoked, rattling their tails as a warning before striking.",
5412
        "Most people bitten by rattlesnakes have inadvertently stepped on them \u2014 so watch where you're walking!",
5413
        "Aztec paintings, Central American temples, and the great burial mounds in the Southeastern United States are frequently adorned with depictions of rattlesnakes, often within the symbols and emblems of the most powerful deities.",
5414
        "The rattlesnake became a symbolic animal for the Colonials during the Revolutionary War period, and is depicted prominently on the Gadsden Flag. It continues to be used as a symbol by the United States military, and political movements within the United States."
5415
    ],
5416
    "Red Fox": [
5417
        "The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a mammal of the order Carnivora.",
5418
        "Red foxes has the widest distribution of any canid. They are found throughout much of the northern hemisphere from the Arctic circle to Central America, the steppes of central Asia, and northern Africa. Red foxes have also been introduced to Australia and the Falkland Islands.",
5419
        "Red foxes utilize a wide range of habitats including forest, tundra, prairie, desert, mountains, farmlands, and urban areas. They prefer mixed vegetation communities, such as edge habitats and mixed scrub and woodland. They are found from sea level to 4 thousands meters (almost 15, feet) elevation.",
5420
        "The lifespan of red fox is about 2 to 5 years in the wild and up to 15 years in captivity.",
5421
        "Like a cat's, the fox's thick tail helps it balance, but it has other uses as well. The tail of a red fox can be like a flag to communicate with other red foxes. The tail is also something of a food store.",
5422
        "Red foxes are usually together in pairs or small groups consisting of families, such as a mated pair and their young, or a male with several females having kinship ties.",
5423
        "Red foxes are highly adept hunters, and have the necessary senses to help them in their endeavors. Their senses of smell, vision and hearing are all strong.",
5424
        "The red fox is mostly nocturnal, although it will sometimes venture out in the day. The red fox, unlike other mammals, hears low-frequency sounds very well. It can hear small animals digging underground and will frequently dig in the dirt or snow to catch prey. The fox stalks its prey, much like a cat.",
5425
        "A 2008\u20132010 study of 84 red foxes in the Czech Republic and Germany found that successful hunting in long vegetation or under snow appeared to involve an alignment of the fox with the Earth's magnetic field.",
5426
        "Although the red fox tends to kill smaller predators, including other fox species, it is vulnerable to attack from larger predators, such as wolves, coyotes, jackals and medium- and large-sized felines.",
5427
        "Because of its widespread distribution and large population, the red fox is one of the most important furbearing animals harvested for the fur trade.",
5428
        "Too small to pose a threat to humans, it has extensively benefited from the presence of human habitation, and has successfully colonised many suburban and urban areas. Domestication of the red fox is also underway in Russia, and has resulted in the Domesticated red fox.",
5429
        "The small, slender body of a Red fox allows it to run nearly 50 km/h (30 mph)."
5430
    ],
5431
    "Red Panda": [
5432
        "The red panda is a mammal native to the eastern Himalayas and southwestern China.",
5433
        "Despite sharing a name, red pandas are not closely related to giant pandas. However, like giant pandas, they are bamboo eaters native to the high forests of Asia.",
5434
        "The red panda has reddish-brown fur, a long, shaggy tail, and a waddling gait due to its shorter front legs.",
5435
        "The head and body length of a red panda measures 50 to 64 centimeters (20 to 25 inches), and its tail is 28 to 59 centimeters (11 to 23 inches).",
5436
        "The average lifespan of the red panda is 8-12 years in the wild but they can live up to 15 years in captivity.",
5437
        "The red panda is arboreal, feeds mainly on bamboo, but also eats flowers, fruit, acorns, eggs, birds, small rodents and insects.",
5438
        "In significantly cold temperatures, red pandas can become dormant, lowering their metabolic rate and raising it every few hours to wake up and look for food. This adaptation has allowed them to spend almost as little energy as a sloth, which is exceptionally beneficial considering the low nutrition content of their diet.",
5439
        "Red pandas are generally quiet, but at close proximity subtle vocalizations such as squeals, twitters and huff-quacks can be heard. They may also hiss or grunt.",
5440
        "Like giant pandas, they have an extended wrist bone that functions almost like a thumb and greatly aids their grip. When descending a tree head-first, the red panda rotates its ankle to control its descent, one of the few climbing species to do so.",
5441
        "Claws are for climbing, of course, but this mild-mannered animal can defend its territory by standing on its hind legs and using those sharp claws to strike out if threatened. If that doesn't work at keeping enemies at bay, the red panda can release a strong odor from scent glands at the base of the tail that may make a predator think twice about a red-panda meal.",
5442
        "Fully grown red pandas are preyed on by clouded leopards and snow leopards, while smaller red panda cubs are hunted by hawks, owls and other birds. The main predators of red pandas are humans, which sometimes still hunt red pandas for their skins and furs, but also threaten their existence through the destruction of their habitats.",
5443
        "The red panda is the only living species of the genus Ailurus and the family Ailuridae. It has been previously placed in the raccoon and bear families, but the results of phylogenetic research provide strong support for its taxonomic classification in its own family Ailuridae, which along with the weasel, raccoon and skunk families is part of the superfamily Musteloidea.",
5444
        "The first known written record of the red panda occurred in a 13th-century Chinese scroll.",
5445
        "The red panda is also known by a number of different names in their native regions including the lesser panda, the red cat-bear and as the fire fox in Nepal.",
5446
        "The name of the Firefox web browser is said to have been derived from a nickname of the red panda.",
5447
        "The red panda is quite adaptable to living in captivity, and is common in zoos worldwide.",
5448
        "The most often cited example of keeping red pandas as pets is by Indira Gandhi. Pandas were presented to Gandhi's family as a gift and they were then housed in \"a special tree house\".",
5449
        "In one study, female red pandas ate approximately 20 thousands bamboo leaves in a single day.",
5450
        "Like raccoons, red pandas dip their paws into water when needing a drink.",
5451
        "red pandas are so cute and i love learning more about red pandas"
5452
    ],
5453
    "Reindeer": [
5454
        "Reindeer are also known as Caribou. In Europe they are called Reindeer all the time. In America they are called Caribou in the wild and when domesticated is call Reindeer.",
5455
        "The reindeer is found in large herds in the very north of the world.",
5456
        "In fact, reindeer can be found in Northern Asia, Europe, Siberia, Alaska, Canada and Greenland.",
5457
        "Reindeer are built for staying warm in freezing temperatures.",
5458
        "Reindeer are able to adapt to their climate and surroundings very easily by maintaining their energy efficiently. Their bodies react to changes in temperatures by making adjustments. When temperatures become frigid, they have the uncanny ability to lower the temperature in their legs to near freezing levels. This keeps their core body heat even.",
5459
        "Female reindeer can live up to 17 years and male reindeer for 4 years less.",
5460
        "The average reindeer length \u2013 females body length is between 1.6 and 2 meters (5.2 and 6.5 feet). Males body length is between 1.8 and 2.1 meters (5.9 and 6.8 feet).",
5461
        "The average reindeer weight \u2013 females weight from 80 to 120 kilograms (176 to 264 pounds). Males weight from 160 to 180 kilogram (352 to 396 pounds), depending on time of year.",
5462
        "In all reindeer subspecies males are 10% to 50% heavier than females.",
5463
        "Reindeer come in a variety of colors, depending on the subspecies, the region, the sex, and even the season.",
5464
        "They are the only type of deer in which both male and female reindeer have antlers.",
5465
        "Reindeer are the only mammals that grow new sets of antlers annually.",
5466
        "At their top speed, reindeer can run up to 80 kilometers per hour (50 miles per hour).",
5467
        "Reindeer trek north in the summer in one of the largest animal migrations on Earth. They travel more than 965 kilometers (600 miles) along well-traveled routes.",
5468
        "Reindeer spend the summer feeding on grasses, mushrooms, and plants in the tundra. They begin to move south in the winter and over one year they will have migrated over 2 thousands kilometers (1 thousands miles).",
5469
        "Reindeer have a strong sense of smell, and it's that sense of smell that assist them in finding the lichen under the snow. They can sniff out the plant material easily, even through snow that is 60 centimeters (23 inches) deep.",
5470
        "Depending on where they live, reindeer have to watch out for golden eagles, brown bears, gray wolves, Arctic foxes, mountain lions, lynx, coyotes, and dholes.",
5471
        "A healthy adult reindeer is usually safe from predators, especially in a large herd, where many individuals can watch for danger.",
5472
        "The gestation length is 7.5 months. The baby reindeer are called calves, which are born beginning in April.",
5473
        "Mother reindeer usually give birth to a single calf, although there may be twins, and three and four have been recorded. The calf is not spotted like other deer species. Newborns are able to stand just one hour after birth, can follow their mother at five to seven hours old, and can outrun a human when one day old!",
5474
        "A reindeer calf drinks its mother's rich milk, and at one week old, it begins to add solid food to its diet. By two weeks, it has doubled its birth weight.",
5475
        "Reindeer are thought to have first been domesticated by Arctic peoples at least 3 thousands years ago (and perhaps as long as 7 thousands years ago) in northern Eurasia (Lapland) and still remain the only deer species to be widely domesticated .",
5476
        "For Sami people (the indigenous people of northern Finland), reindeer are important animals both in their culture and for sustenance. They have approximately four hundred words for the food, tools and other products and parts taken from reindeer.",
5477
        "In Europe's Reindeer Age sixteen thousand years ago, reindeer were abundant. Primitive humans relied heavily on them or their skins to keep them warm, meat to sustain them, and bones to create tools.",
5478
        "Santa Claus's reindeer form an imaginary team of flying reindeer traditionally held to pull the sleigh of Santa Claus and help him deliver Christmas gifts.",
5479
        "The Canadian 25-cent coin features a depiction of a reindeer on one face."
5480
    ],
5481
    "Robin": [
5482
        "Robin Williams was an American stand-up comedian and actor.",
5483
        "His full name was Robin McLaurin Williams.",
5484
        "Robin Williams was born on July 21, 1951 in Chicago, Illinois.",
5485
        "Robin briefly studied political science before enrolling at Juilliard School to study theatre.",
5486
        "A 2002 stand-up performance led to the hugely successful Robin Williams: Live on Broadway (2002), which was released as both an album and a video.",
5487
        "In September 2008, Robin Williams started touring for his one-man stand-up comedy show, Weapons of Self Destruction, focusing on \"social and political absurdities.\"",
5488
        "In World's Greatest Dad (2009) Robin Williams, plays a much-put-upon high school teacher and father who tries to airbrush the circumstances of his teenage son's freak death and, as an unexpected result of the lie, becomes a local hero.",
5489
        "Robin Williams had a net worth of $50 million dollars."
5490
    ],
5491
    "Rottweiler": [
5492
        "The Rottweiler is a breed of domestic dog.",
5493
        "Robust and powerful, the Rottweiler is happiest when given a job to perform.",
5494
        "An inherent protector, the Rottweiler is self-confident and responds quietly and with a wait-and-see attitude to influences in his environment.",
5495
        "Characteristically stocky and strongly built, the Rottweiler stands approximately 56 to 69 cm (22 to 27 inches) tall and weighs between 35 and 60 kg (77 and 132 pounds).",
5496
        "The Rottweiler is considered to be one of the oldest dog breeds. ",
5497
        "The Rottweiler's ancestors were the drover's dogs accompanying the herds the Romans brought with them when invading Europe.",
5498
        "The town of Rottweil (from rote wil \u2014 red tile, named for fragments of red planch used for decorating Roman villas) was founded by the Romans in 73 AD, located in the south west of Germany. Hundreds of years after the fall of Rome, the dogs of Rottweil were to become known as Rottweilers.",
5499
        "The dogs were known in German as Rottweiler Metzgerhund, meaning Rottweil butchers' dogs, because their main use was to herd livestock and pull carts laden with butchered meat to market. This continued until the mid-19th century when railways replaced droving.",
5500
        "The formal history of the breed dates back to 1901, with the production of the first standard Rottweiler by the International Club for Leonbergers and Rottweiler Dogs in Germany.",
5501
        "The buildup to World War I saw a great demand for police dogs, which led to a revival of interest in the Rottweiler.",
5502
        "During the First and Second World Wars, Rottweilers saw service in various roles, including as messenger, ambulance, draught, and guard dogs.",
5503
        "Although Rottweilers are not classed as herding dogs by modern kennel clubs, and despite not having been selectively bred to herd for many generations, the breed still produces puppies that can be trained to be good herders.",
5504
        "Rottweilers are one of the few working dog breeds eligible for field competition in livestock herding by the AKC and some other kennel clubs.",
5505
        "The Rottweiler's historic role as a guardian and herder has honed the breed's instinct for wariness and protectiveness when encountering strangers.",
5506
        "Rottweilers are very strong dogs, easily able to knock a full-grown and muscular man to the ground. This strength makes the dog an excellent police dog, as well as a rescue dog.",
5507
        "According to NextDayPets, the median Rottweiler price is arond $1 thousands. For a Rottweiler with superior lineage, you can expect to pay anywhere from $2 thousands up to $8 thousands or more, depending on the breed lines.",
5508
        "Some countries have banned Rottweilers altogether because of fears that the breed can be dangerous, but they are still legal in the United States. Although no states in the US have a total ban on Rottweilers, some city laws are specific to Rottweilers, and not all housing communities allow residents to own the dogs."
5509
    ],
5510
    "Russian Blue": [
5511
        "The Russian Blue is a cat breed that noted for the quality of its short, plushlike coat.",
5512
        "While the Russian Blue may at first glance look like any other grey cat, a more careful look will show them to have a special appearance that is all their own.",
5513
        "The Russian Blue cat has a lifespan of 10 to 20 years.",
5514
        "The typical Russian Blue has an overall height of 20 to 25 cm (8 to 10 in) and body length of 38 to 46 cm (15 to 18 in). An average Russian Blue weighs between 4 and 7 kg (8 and 15 lb). Males will typically be larger than females.",
5515
        "The Russian Blue characteristically has a very quiet meow and a shy demeanor. Despite their shy nature, they are devoted and quite affectionate towards their loved ones. They are also curious and tranquil animals that are known for their intelligence. Russian Blues like to play fetch and open doors.",
5516
        "Russian Blue kittens are usually very active and athletic with high energy and curiosity.",
5517
        "The Russian Blue cat price, typically ranges between $800 and $1 thousands. However, Excellent pedigree Russian Blue cats, from famous breeding farms, will costfrom $1 thousands to $2 thousands.",
5518
        "The Russian Blue is a natural breed originating from the Archangel Isles in northern Russia, where the long winters developed a cat with a dense, plush coat. That is why they are sometimes called Archangel Blues.",
5519
        "The Russian Blue is also believed to have been a royal favorite in the homes of several Russian Czars and English Monarchs.",
5520
        "Other folklore has the Russian Blue as a healing charm for an ailing Russian prince and riding with the Cossacks into battle.",
5521
        "It is believed that sailors took Russian Blues from the Archangel Isles to Great Britain and Northern Europe in the 1860s.",
5522
        "In 1912, the Russian Blue was given a separate class for competition as breeders in England and Scandinavia worked to develop the foundation bloodlines for the contemporary Russian Blue.",
5523
        "The Russian Blue has also become extremely popular in Japan, and Russian Blue competition there is approaching the numbers found in the states during the 1970s.",
5524
        "The Russian White, Russian Black, and Russian Tabby are breeds of cat created in 1971, derived from the Russian Blue. The Black and Tabby Russians came from the original mating which created the Russian White.",
5525
        "Russian Blues have been used on a limited basis to create other breeds such as the Havana Brown or alter existing breeds such as the Nebelung.",
5526
        "Arlene is portrayed by a Russian Blue in Garfield: The Movie.",
5527
        "Tom Cat of the Hanna and Barbera cartoon produced for MGM, \"Tom & Jerry\" is said to have been inspired by a Russian Blue."
5528
    ],
5529
    "Saiga": [
5530
        "The saiga is a strange-looking medium-sized antelope.",
5531
        "Saiga populations are concentrated in three main areas within central Asia: southwestern Russia, Mongolia and Kazakhstan.",
5532
        "Saigas inhabit dry steppes and semi deserts. Herds are found in grassy plains void of rugged terrain and hills.",
5533
        "The lifespan of the saiga is up to 12 years in the wild.",
5534
        "The adult saiga stands about 61 to 81 centimeters (24 to 32 inches) at the shoulder and weighs 31 to 43 kilograms (68 to 95 pounds). The head-and-body length is typically between 100 and 140 centimeters (39 and 55 inches).",
5535
        "The most outstanding feature of the saiga is its swollen snout with downward-directed nostrils. The snout serves to warm and moisten inhaled air; it may be related to the animal's keen sense of smell, and it may also work as a sounding chamber for rutting calls. The complex saiga nasal cavity resembles that of a whale!",
5536
        "The saiga's coat is short and pale brown in summer and thick and whitish in winter.",
5537
        "While the sense of hearing is poorly developed in the saiga, their sense of sight is acute and they are able to see danger up to a kilometer (0.6 mile) away.",
5538
        "Saiga antelopes are herbivores. They graze on over one hundred different plant species; the most important being grasses, prostrate summer cypress, saltworts, fobs, sagebrush, and steppe lichens.",
5539
        "During the day, saigas graze and visit watering holes. Before resting at night, they dig small circular depressions in the soil to serve as beds.",
5540
        "Saiga form herds of 30 to 50 animals. However, during the migration season tens of thousands of saiga will travel together, forming part of one of the most spectacular migrations in the world.",
5541
        "Saigas can run about 80 kilometers (50 miles) per hour when necessary.",
5542
        "A newborn saiga can outrun a human by its second day of life.",
5543
        "Saigas are highly vulnerable to wolves. Juveniles are targeted by foxes, steppe eagles, golden eagles, dogs, and ravens.",
5544
        "Since 2002 the saiga has been considered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to be critically endangered.",
5545
        "Saigas are still poached, especially because their horns are sometimes used as remedies in traditional Chinese medicine. To make matters worse, their habitat has been reduced by construction, and despite their broad dietary preferences food is becoming scarcer.",
5546
        "In May 2015, more than 120 thousands saiga died in Kazakhstan from what may have been a sudden outbreak of pasteurellosis (zoonotic disease).",
5547
        "Saigas were once common from Poland to western Mongolia. They also lived in Beringian North America during the Pleistocene."
5548
    ],
5549
    "Salamander": [
5550
        "Salamanders are a group of amphibians typically characterized by a lizard-like appearance.",
5551
        "There are about 500 species of salamander.",
5552
        "Salamanders are found in North America, South America, Northern Africa, Asia and Europe.",
5553
        "Salamanders live in rivers, swamps, forests and caves. Some spend their entire lives in water, while others migrate between water and soil for seasonal events like spawning.",
5554
        "Most salamander species have lifespan about 10 to 20 years; but some species live up to 55 years.",
5555
        "Salamanders range in size from the minute salamanders, with a total length of 2.7 cm (1.1 in), including the tail, to the Chinese giant salamander which reaches 1.8 m (5.9 ft) and weighs up to 65 kg (143 lb). Most, however, are between 10 and 20 cm (3.9 and 7.9 in) in length.",
5556
        "Salamanders are generally short-bodied, four-legged, moist-skinned animals.",
5557
        "Some salamander species have lungs, some have gills, and some have neither \u2014 they breathe through their skin.",
5558
        "A salamander's hind legs grow more slowly than its front legs. (Frogs and toads are just the opposite: their hind legs grow more quickly than their front legs.) All four legs on a salamander are so short that its belly drags on the ground.",
5559
        "Salamanders can drop their tail to escape predators. The tail will drop off and wriggle around for a little while, and the salamanders will either run away or stay still enough to not be noticed while the predator is distracted.",
5560
        "The skin of some species contains the powerful poison tetrodotoxin; these salamanders tend to have bright warning coloration.",
5561
        "Salamanders usually move very slowly, although they can run quickly to get away from danger. Andean salamander is the fastest salamander species \u2013 it can reach speeds of about 24 km/h (15 mph).",
5562
        "Salamanders can't hear sounds, so they don't make any either. However, some species can hug the ground to pick up sound vibrations with their body.",
5563
        "Amphibians are more diverse in the ways they reproduce than any other vertebrate group. Salamanders are born one of four ways, depending on species. They are born either as larvae in water, as larvae from eggs in water, as miniature adults on land or from eggs on land.",
5564
        "Salamanders in the larval stage of their development are called efts.",
5565
        "Around half of all the world's salamander species are listed as Threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).",
5566
        "Legends have developed around the salamander over the centuries, many related to fire. This connection likely originates from the tendency of many salamanders to dwell inside rotting logs. When placed into a fire, the salamander would attempt to escape from the log, lending to the belief that salamanders were created from flames.",
5567
        "Leonardo da Vinci wrote the following on the salamander: \"This has no digestive organs, and gets no food but from the fire, in which it constantly renews its scaly skin. The salamander, which renews its scaly skin in the fire, for virtue.\"",
5568
        "The Japanese giant salamander has been the subject of legend and artwork in Japan, in the ukiyo-e work by Utagawa Kuniyoshi. The well-known Japanese mythological creature known as the kappa may be inspired by this salamander.",
5569
        "A 1995 article in the Slovenian weekly magazine Mladina publicized Salamander brandy, a liquor supposedly indigenous to Slovenia. It was said to has hallucinogenic effect and is made by putting several live salamanders in a barrel of fermenting fruit. Stimulated by the alcohol, they secrete toxic mucus in defense and eventually die."
5570
    ],
5571
    "Salmon": [
5572
        "Salmon is the common name for several species of fish in the family Salmonidae.",
5573
        "There are seven species of Pacific salmon. Five of them occur in North American waters: chinook, coho, chum, sockeye, and pink. Masu and amago salmon occur only in Asia. There is one species of Atlantic salmon.",
5574
        "Chinook/king salmon are the largest salmon and range in size from 61 to 91 centimeters (24 to 36 in), but may be up to 1.5 meters (58 in) in length; they average 4.5 to 22.7 kg (10 to 50 lb), but may reach 59 kg (130 lb).",
5575
        "Pink salmon are the smallest at up to 76 cm (30 inches) long and 5.4 kg (12 lb), although they average 1.3 to 2.3 kg (3 to 5 lb).",
5576
        "Salmon appearance varies greatly from species to species. They can be silvery, greenish covered with black spots or/and stripes.",
5577
        "Typically, salmon are anadromous, meaning they hatch in fresh water, migrate to the ocean, then return to fresh water to reproduce. The journey made by those salmon that survive this quest to reproduce is one of nature's greatest triumphs.",
5578
        "The salmon must swim hundreds miles, to get back to the stream where they hatched. Whilst many simply do not have enough fat stores to make the trip, others must battle through fishermen's nets, over power dams, up waterfalls and rapids, and struggle past eagles, otters and bears to reach their destination.",
5579
        "Salmons change the color of the body on their way from the ocean to the freshwater habitats during the mating season. They may also grow a hump, develop canine-like teeth, or develop a kype (a pronounced curvature of the jaws in male salmon).",
5580
        "Salmon spend between 1 and 7 years out in the ocean, depending on the species.",
5581
        "They come back to the stream where they were 'born' because they 'know' it is a good place to spawn; they won't waste time looking for a stream with good habitat and other salmon.",
5582
        "Scientists believe that salmon navigate by using the Earth's magnetic field like a compass. When they find the river they came from, they start using smell to find their way back to their home stream. They build their 'smell memory-bank' when they start migrating to the ocean as young fish.",
5583
        "Unlike Pacific salmon, Atlantic salmon do not die after spawning, so adults can repeat the migration and spawning pattern several times, although most spawn only once or twice.",
5584
        "To lay her roe, the female salmon uses her tail, to create a low-pressure zone, lifting gravel to be swept downstream, excavating a shallow depression, called a redd. The redd may sometimes contain 5 thousands eggs covering 2.8 square meters (30 sq ft). [Photo below: Eggs in different stages of development]",
5585
        "Young salmon feed on terrestrial and aquatic insects, amphipods, and other crustaceans while young; adults eat primarily other fish and also squid, eels, and shrimp. Unlike all other salmon, the sockeye salmon has a diet that consists almost entirely of plankton.",
5586
        "There are diverse predators of salmon at the varying stages of their lives. Other fish, members of their own species, snakes and birds eat salmon fry. Once in the ocean, salmon are prey to whales, dolphins, seals, sea lions, other fish and, of course, humans. Bears and birds often scoop up spawning salmon.",
5587
        "Many species of salmon have been introduced into non-native environments such as the Great Lakes of North America and Patagonia in South America.",
5588
        "Salmon are intensively farmed in many parts of the world. It is a major contributor to the world production of farmed finfish, representing about US$10 billion annually. [Photo below: Salmon Farm]",
5589
        "Salmon farming is significant in Chile, Norway, Scotland, Canada and the Faroe Islands; it is the source for most salmon consumed in the United States and Europe.",
5590
        "A variant method of fish stocking, called ocean ranching, is under development in Alaska. There, the young salmon are released into the ocean far from any wild salmon streams. When it is time for them to spawn, they return to where they were released, where fishermen can catch them.",
5591
        "Salmon is a popular food. Classified as an oily fish, salmon is considered to be healthy due to the fish's high protein, high omega-3 fatty acids, and high vitamin D.",
5592
        "Smoked salmon is a preparation of salmon, typically a fillet that has been cured and hot or cold smoked. Due to its moderately high price, smoked salmon is considered a delicacy.",
5593
        "The salmon has long been at the heart of the culture and livelihood of coastal dwellers, which can be traced as far back as 5 thousands years when archeologists discovered Nisqually tribes remnants.",
5594
        "Salmon are central spiritually and culturally to Native American mythology on the Pacific coast, from the Haida and Coast Salish peoples, to the Nuu-chah-nulth peoples in British Columbia.",
5595
        "The salmon is an important creature in several strands of Celtic mythology and poetry, which often associated them with wisdom and venerability.",
5596
        "In Irish mythology, a creature called the Salmon of Knowledge plays key role in the tale The Boyhood Deeds of Fionn.",
5597
        "Salmon also feature in Welsh mythology. In the prose tale Culhwch and Olwen, the Salmon of Llyn Llyw is the oldest animal in Britain, and the only creature who knows the location of Mabon ap Modron.",
5598
        "In Norse mythology, after Loki tricked the blind god H\u00f6\u00f0r into killing his brother Baldr, Loki jumped into a river and transformed himself into a salmon to escape punishment from the other gods."
5599
    ],
5600
    "Samoyed": [
5601
        "The Samoyed is a breed of medium-sized herding dogs.",
5602
        "The Samoyed belongs to the spitz or northern dog group, specifically the laikas, a Eurasian dog type used for a variety of purposes, namely hunting, herding, guarding, and sledding.",
5603
        "It takes its name from the Samoyedic peoples of Siberia. The nomadic Samoyed people, came to northwestern Siberia from central Asia. They depended upon herds of reindeer for food, and had to keep on the move in order that the reindeer could find sufficient food for themselves.",
5604
        "Samoyeds were originally used for hunting, herding reindeer, and hauling sledges for the Samoyede people in Siberia.",
5605
        "It was Arctic explorers who first brought the breed to England in the late 18th century, where the Samoyed's regal coat and warm personality made them a fast favorite among the English elite.",
5606
        "In 1906, a dog named Moustan of Argenteau was the first Samoyed officially registered by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in the United States.",
5607
        "The Samoyed has been classified as a basal breed \u2013 meaning their existence pre-dates the origins of most modern dog breeds in the 19th Century.",
5608
        "American and European mushers of the early 20th century knew the Samoyed as an enthusiastic hauler of supplies, capable of sledging one and a half times their own weight. Scott, Shackleton, and Amundsen are a few of the era's famous explorers who rode behind Sammies through uncharted frozen wastelands.",
5609
        "Despite his Arctic heritage, the Samoyed has adapted well to the warmer climate.",
5610
        "The lifespan for a Samoyed is usually about 12 and 13 years.",
5611
        "The Samoyed stands 48 to 60 cm (19 to 23.5 inches) and weighs 23 to 29.5 kg (50 to 65 pounds).",
5612
        "The Samoyed tail is one of the breed's distinguishing features. Like the Alaskan Malamute, the tail is carried curled over the back \u2013 however, unlike the Alaskan Malamute, the Samoyed tail is held actually touching the back.",
5613
        "In cold weather, Samoyeds may sleep with their tails over their noses to provide additional warmth. Almost all Samoyeds will allow their tails to fall when they are relaxed and at ease, as when being stroked or while eating, but will return their tails to a curl when more alert.",
5614
        "Samoyed eyes are usually black or brown and are almond in shape. Blue or other color eyes can occur but are not allowed in the show ring.",
5615
        "Samoyeds are excellent companions, especially for small children or even other dogs, and they remain playful into old age.",
5616
        "According to the Samoyed Club of America, when Samoyeds become bored, they may become destructive or start to dig.",
5617
        "With their sled dog heritage, a Samoyed is not averse to pulling things, and an untrained Samoyed has no problem pulling its owner on a leash rather than walking alongside.",
5618
        "Samoyeds can compete in dog agility trials, carting, obedience, showmanship, flyball, tracking, mushing and herding events.",
5619
        "Samoyeds aren't exactly cheap, although they are relatively reasonably priced by purebred standards. Most Samoyeds cost between $600 and $1500. However, some \u2013 especially those from award-winning bloodlines \u2013 may cost $3 thousands or more. Samoyeds are generally considered one of the more expensive dog breeds you can buy."
5620
    ],
5621
    "Scorpion": [
5622
        "Scorpions are not insects but arachnids, like spiders.",
5623
        "Scorpions are found on every continent except Antarctica, in habitats ranging from tropical rainforests to grasslands and deserts.",
5624
        "The highest altitude reached by a scorpion is 5 thousands metres (18 thousands ft) in the Andes.",
5625
        "Most scorpions are nocturnal and solitary, usually staying in the same territory throughout their lives.",
5626
        "Scorpions have eight legs, and are easily recognized by a pair of grasping pincers and a narrow, segmented tail, often carried in a characteristic forward curve over the back and always ending with a stinger. They exhibit few sexual differences, although males usually are more slender and have longer tails than females.",
5627
        "Scorpions are relatively large among terrestrial arthropods, with an average size of about 6 cm (2.5 inches).",
5628
        "The longest scorpion in the world is the rock scorpion of South Africa \u2013 which attain a length of 21 cm (8.3 inches).",
5629
        "Giants among scorpions include the black emperor scorpion an African species found in Guinea, which attains a body length of about 18 cm (7 inches) and a mass of 60 grams (more than 2 ounces).",
5630
        "The smallest is Middle Eastern scorpion Microbuthus pusillu, 6.5 millimeters (0.25 inches).",
5631
        "Scorpions primarily prey on insects and other invertebrates, but some species take vertebrates. When food is scarce, the scorpion has an amazing ability to slow its metabolism to as little as one-third the typical rate for arthropods.",
5632
        "The sting of a scorpion may be painful or even deadly, depending on the species. Of the 2 thousands species of scorpions worldwide, only about 30 have strong enough poison to kill a person.",
5633
        "A scorpion's venom is a mixture of compounds, including neurotoxins that affect the victim's nervous system.",
5634
        "Scorpions can easily be seen at night with an ultraviolet light due to a fluorescent material found in their hard outer covering, which gives them a \"glow-in-the-dark\" appearance.",
5635
        "In high temperatures, scorpions may stilt, or raise their body off the ground, to cool off their underside.",
5636
        "Much like crickets, some scorpions \"sing\" by rubbing their legs together. However, unlike crickets, it is thought that the song is used as a warning call instead of a call to attract a mate.",
5637
        "Most species give live birth and the female cares for the young as their exoskeletons harden, transporting them on her back. Litter size averages 25, with a range of 1 to more than 100. After freeing itself, the immature scorpion crawls onto the mother's back, where it remains for a periodranging from 1 to 50 days. During this time the young scorpions are defenseless and utilize food reserves in their bodies while receiving water transpired through the mother's cuticle and taken up through their own.",
5638
        "Scorpions are unusual long lived compared to other invertebrates. Most scorpions reach maturity in 1 to 3 years (some species take longer time), and live for 2 to 5 years as adults. This means that scorpions can live from 3 to 8 years.",
5639
        "Scorpions are often kept as pets. They are relatively simple to keep, the main requirements being a secure enclosure such as a glass aquarium with a lockable lid, and the appropriate temperature and humidity for the chosen species, which typically means installing a heating mat and spraying regularly with a little water.",
5640
        "Scorpions strike terror in many people and have been both hated and admired since ancient times.",
5641
        "Scorpions with their powerful stingers appear in art, folklore, mythology, and commercial brands.",
5642
        "Scorpion motifs are woven into kilim carpets for protection from their sting.",
5643
        "One of the earliest occurrences of the scorpion in culture is its inclusion, as Scorpio, in the 12 signs of the Zodiac by Babylonian astronomers during the Chaldean period. This was then taken up by western astrology \u2013 in astronomy the corresponding constellation is named Scorpius.",
5644
        "In ancient Egypt, the goddess Serket, who protected the Pharaoh, was often depicted as a scorpion.",
5645
        "In ancient Greece, a warrior's shield sometimes carried a scorpion device, as seen in red-figure pottery from the 5th century BC.",
5646
        "In Greek mythology, Artemis or Gaia sent a giant scorpion to kill the hunter Orion, who had said he would kill all the world's animals. Orion and the scorpion both became constellations \u2013 as enemies they were placed on opposite sides of the world, so when one rises in the sky, the other sets.",
5647
        "Scorpions are mentioned in the Bible and the Talmud as symbols of danger and maliciousness.",
5648
        "Since classical times, the scorpion with its powerful stinger has been used to provide a name for weapons.",
5649
        "The fable of The Scorpion and the Frog has been interpreted as showing that vicious people cannot resist hurting others, even when it is not in their interests.",
5650
        "Scorpius is the name of a constellation, and the corresponding astrological sign is Scorpio \u2013 a classical myth tells how the giant scorpion and its enemy, Orion, became constellations on opposite sides of the sky."
5651
    ],
5652
    "Sea Lion": [
5653
        "Life span for sea lions in zoological environment 25-35 years and 10-15 years in the wild.",
5654
        "At adulthood male sea lions will reach weights between 360-450 kilograms (800-1000 pounds) and lengths of approximately 3 \u2013 2.7 meters (9-10 feet). An adult female will reach weights between 90-115 kilograms (200-250 pounds) and measure 1.8 \u2013 2.1 meters (6-7 feet) in length.",
5655
        "A mother sea lion is pregnant for 12 months. They give birth on land.",
5656
        "Sea lion pups are born weighing in at around 6 to 7 kilogram (13 to 15 pounds) of absolute cuteness.",
5657
        "Many sea lion pups will nurse from their mothers for 4 to 8 months, although some sea lions may decide to stay close to Mom for longer.",
5658
        "Sea lions are quite the social party animals, as they are rarely found alone.",
5659
        "Natural predators for sea lions are killer whales and sharks. Predators also include: polar bears, coyotes and wolves.",
5660
        "Sea lions are very skilled divers, with the ability to go underwater and stay underwater for about 10 minutes at a time.",
5661
        "Sea Lions cannot smell under water.",
5662
        "Today there are seven known species of sea lions."
5663
    ],
5664
    "Sea Otter": [
5665
        "The sea otter (Enhydra lutris) is rare, completely marine otter.",
5666
        "Sea otters inhabit temperate coastal waters with rocky or soft sediment ocean bottom. They live in offshore forests of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera), and spend most of their active time foraging below the canopy.",
5667
        "In the wild, sea otters live to a maximum age of 23 years, with average lifespans of 10\u201315 years for males and 15\u201320 years for females.",
5668
        "The sea otter is one of the smallest marine mammal species, but it is the heaviest member of the weasel family.",
5669
        "Sea otters are from 1 to 1.5 meters (3.3 to 4.9 feet) in length and typically weigh between 14 and 45 kilograms (31 and 99 lb).",
5670
        "Unlike most other marine mammals, the sea otter has no blubber and relies on its exceptionally thick fur to keep warm. With up to 150 thousands strands of hair per square centimetre (nearly one million per square inch), its fur is the densest of any animal.",
5671
        "Sea otters are quite awkward on land, and spend the majority of their lives in the water.",
5672
        "Sea otters spend a great deal of time floating on their backs at the surface. They move by paddling their hind limbs and sculling with their tails. For rapid swimming and for diving, they swim similarly to other otters, using up-and-down undulations of the body.",
5673
        "Sea otters can reach speeds of 1.5 km/h (0.9 mph) on the surface and 9 km/h (5.6 mph) while diving.",
5674
        "Sea otters generally forage close to shore in depths shallower than 18 meters (60 feet) but are capable of diving to depths of 90 meters (300 feet) or more.",
5675
        "With a relatively large lung capacity for it's size, a sea otter can hold its breath for 5 minutes, but most dives are two minutes or less in duration.",
5676
        "When resting or sleeping, sea otters float on their back and wrap themselves in kelp to keep from drifting.",
5677
        "Sea otters eat clams, mollusks, crabs, snails, starfish, abalone, and many other marine animals (overall about 100 species) .",
5678
        "Sea otters are social, and tend to congregate in groups of gender, with pups and females in a group and males in another group. Females tend to stay away from males except when mating.",
5679
        "Sea otters communicate through body contact and vocalizations, although they are not overly vocal.",
5680
        "Predators of this species include orcas, great white sharks and sea lions; bald eagles may grab pups from the surface of the water. On land, young sea otters may face attack from bears and coyotes.",
5681
        "Sea otters, whose numbers were once estimated at 150 thousands to 300 thousands, were hunted extensively for their beautiful fur between 1741 and 1911, and the world population fell to 1 thousands to 2 thousands individuals living in a fraction of their historic range.",
5682
        "Archaeological evidence indicates that for thousands of years, indigenous peoples have hunted sea otters for food and fur.",
5683
        "The sea otter is classified as an endangered species.",
5684
        "Sea otters can do well in captivity, and are featured in over 40 public aquariums and zoos."
5685
    ],
5686
    "Sea Turtle": [
5687
        "Sea turtles, sometimes called marine turtles, are reptiles of the order Testudines.",
5688
        "There are seven extant species of sea turtles: the green, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, olive ridley, hawksbill, flatback, and leatherback.",
5689
        "The leatherback is the largest of all living sea turtles. Mature leatherbacks reach about 1.2 to 1.9 meters (3.9-6.2 feet) and 200 to 506 kilograms (441 to 1 thousands pounds). The largest leatherback recorded weighed 916 kilograms (2 thousands pounds).",
5690
        "Sea turtle species have varied life spans ranging from 35 to 80 years, although some individuals have exceeded 200 years. Green sea turtles probably have the longest average life span of 80 years. The shortest life span might belong to the Hawksbill or the Flatback at 35+ years.",
5691
        "Sea turtles live in all 5 oceans except the arctic ocean, which is too cold.",
5692
        "Most sea turtles migrate between foraging and nesting grounds, and seasonally to warmer waters. Often these migrations take them hundreds and even thousands of miles.",
5693
        "Like humans, sea turtles breathe air into and out of their lungs through their nose and mouth. They go to the surface of the water to breathe and can hold their breath for several hours depending on their activity level. Some turtles have been found to hibernate in cooler water temperatures for several months.",
5694
        "Depending on the species, sea turtles range can be olive-green, yellow, greenish-brown, reddish-brown, or black in color.",
5695
        "Limbs are flippers adapted for swimming. Sea turtles are awkward and vulnerable on land.",
5696
        "Unlike land turtles, sea turtles can't hide their heads and legs inside the shell.",
5697
        "Turtles have very unique eyes as they feature eyelids. The eyes are also where the saltwater they take in during eating is excreted which is why some will argue that sea turtles cry.",
5698
        "Depending on the species, sea turtles may be carnivorous (meat eating), herbivorous (plant eating), or omnivorous (eating both meat and plants).",
5699
        "Like other turtles, sea turtles lack teeth. Jaw shape varies among species. Each species has a jaw shape adapted for its diet.",
5700
        "Sea turtles, depending on the species, may eat seagrasses, algae, sponges, sea squirts, squid, shrimp, crabs, jellyfish, cuttlefish or sea cucumbers.",
5701
        "Leatherbacks can dive to a depth of more than 1 thousands meters (3 thousands feet) in search of their prey, jellyfish. The hard-shelled species dive at shallower depths. The leatherback is adapted to deep dives because of its unique morphology.Other types of sea turtles can dive up to about a 300 meters (1 thousands feet).",
5702
        "The leatherback is the only sea turtle that does not have a hard shell. Instead, it bears a mosaic of bony plates beneath its leathery skin.",
5703
        "Sea turtles are not generally considered social animals; however, some species do congregate offshore. Sea turtles gather together to mate. Members of some species travel together to nesting grounds.",
5704
        "It takes decades for sea turtles to reach sexual maturity. Mature turtles may migrate thousands of miles to reach breeding sites.After mating at sea, adult female sea turtles return to land to lay their eggs.",
5705
        "The eggs in one nest hatch together over a short period of time. The baby turtles break free of the egg shell, dig through the sand, and crawl into the sea. Most species of Sea Turtles hatch at night.",
5706
        "Adult sea turtles have a few predators, mostly large sharks. Tiger sharks, in particular, are known for eating sea turtles. Killer whales have been known to prey on leatherback turtles. Fish, dogs, seabirds, raccoons, ghost crabs, and other predators prey on eggs and hatchlings.",
5707
        "5 of the 7 species are endangered with the Olive Ridley considered vulnerable while the status of the Flatback is unknown.Slaughtered for their eggs, meat, skin and shells, sea turtles suffer from poaching and over-exploitation. They also face habitat destruction and accidental capture in fishing gear. Climate change has an impact on turtle nesting sites.",
5708
        "Sea turtles have been around for more than 100 million years and are among the oldest creatures on earth.",
5709
        "Some research suggests that sea turtles have the ability to detect magnetic fields and can calculate latitude and longitude but further studies are needed to confirm this."
5710
    ],
5711
    "Seahorse": [
5712
        "The seahorse is a small species of vertebrate.",
5713
        "The seahorse's scientific genus name, Hippocampus which is derived from the Greek hippokampus (hippos, meaning \"horse,\" and kampos, meaning \"sea monster\")",
5714
        "Seahorses are fish. They live in water, breath through gills and have a swim bladder.",
5715
        "Seahorses are elongate with rigid body armor and swim upright.Pectoral fins on the sides and a small dorsal fin on the back of a seahorse's body wave rapidly to move the seahorse through the water.",
5716
        "Lifespan of most seahorse species is between 1 and 5 years in the wild and in the captivity.",
5717
        "There are around 50 different species of seahorses.",
5718
        "Seahorses' ability to change their color and shape makes identification of individual species challenging. Because of this, some researchers previously thought there were as many as 200 seahorse species in the world, while others thought there were as few as 20.",
5719
        "Seahorses are mainly found in shallow tropical and temperate waters throughout the world, and live in sheltered areas such as seagrass beds, estuaries, coral reefs, or mangroves.",
5720
        "The seahorse range in size from 1.5 centimeters (0.6 inches) to 35 centimeters (14 inches) long.",
5721
        "Some seahorses, have a shape, size and color that allows them to blend in perfectly with their habitat. Others, change color to blend in with their surroundings.",
5722
        "Seahorses have excellent eyesight and their eyes are able to work independently on either side of their head. This means they can look forwards and backwards at the same time! This is particulartly useful as they hunt for food by sight.",
5723
        "Seahorses have a prehensile tail.A prehensile tail is the tail of an animal that has adapted to be able to grasp or hold objects.",
5724
        "Although they are fish, seahorses are not great swimmers. In fact, they prefer to rest in one area, sometimes holding on to the same coral or seaweed for days.",
5725
        "Seahorses propel themselves by using a small fin on their back that flutters up to 50 times in second, but that is not enough for efficient movement. On the other hand, they are quite maneuverable and able to move up, down, forward and backward.",
5726
        "Seahorses can travel long distances across the ocean\u2014farther than they can swim\u2014by attaching themselves to floating seaweed and debris.",
5727
        "Seahorses make noise! Seahorses make noises that can be heard underwater similar to the sound of smacking your lips. They make them during feeding and courtship.",
5728
        "Seahorses have no teeth and no stomach. Food passes through their digestive systems so quickly, they must eat almost constantly to stay alive.",
5729
        "Seahorses feed on plankton, small fish and small crustaceans such as shrimp and copepods. An adult eats 30-50 times a day. Seahorse fry (baby seahorses) eat a staggering 3000 pieces of food per day.",
5730
        "Most wild seahorses are monogamous and some species mate for life.",
5731
        "Searching for mates can be difficult and risky since seahorses are poor swimmers, found in low densities and rely on camouflage to hide from predators.",
5732
        "Seahorse couples greet each other every morning with a unique dance that sometimes involves changing color. The couple promenades and pirouettes together for several minutes before separating for the rest of the day. They greet each other as a way to confirm the other partner is still alive, reinforce their bond and synchronize their reproductive cycles.",
5733
        "Seahorse males do something highly unusual in the animal kingdom; they get pregnant and deliver their offspring.",
5734
        "Although the male carries the eggs, he doesn't make them. After a male and female seahorse spend time courting, the female deposits her eggs inside the male's pouch.He fertilizes the eggs inside the pouch.",
5735
        "The number of young released by the male seahorse averages 100\u20131000 for most species, but may be as low as 5 for the smaller species, or as high as 2 thousands.",
5736
        "Pregnancy lasts between 10 to 25 days. Young seahorses look like miniature versions of their parents.",
5737
        "When seahorse fry are born they are totally on their own. In average less than 0.5% of infants survive to adulthood, explaining why litters are so large.",
5738
        "According to Guinness World Records, the dwarf seahorse is the slowest moving fish in the ocean with a top speed of about 1.5 meters per hour (5 feet per hour).",
5739
        "The Traditional Chinese Medicine Trade takes in excess of up to 150 million seahorses a year from the wild and these are used for all types of medicine.",
5740
        "The Curio Trade takes approximately one million seahorses from the wild.",
5741
        "The pet trade takes an estimated one million seahorses from the wild and It is thought that less than 1 thousands survive more than six weeks, very often suffering a slow and possibly painful death.",
5742
        "Many seahorse species are included on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, primarily as Vulnerable and Data Deficient."
5743
    ],
5744
    "Seal": [
5745
        "Seals are fin-footed, semiaquatic marine mammals.",
5746
        "Seals are divided in 3 families: phocidae, the earless or true seal (eg. common seal), otaridae, eared seals (eg. fur seals and sea lions) and odobenidae (walrus).",
5747
        "There are 33 species of seals found throughout the world.",
5748
        "Seals are found in most waters of the world, mainly in the Arctic and Antarctica but also in some areas of the tropics.",
5749
        "The lifespan of seals ranges from 15 to 40 years, depending on the sex, species and living conditions. Females usually live longer than males.",
5750
        "The smallest seal species is the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica) reaching 1.3 meters (4 ft 3 in) in length and weighing from 63 to 70 kilograms (139 to 154 pounds).",
5751
        "The largest seal species is the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) reaching up to 5.8 meters (19 feet) in length and weighing up to 4 thousands kilograms (8 thousands pounds). It is",
5752
        "All seals share some general physical characteristics. They all have streamlined bodies for moving through the water and four flippers. Their bodies are covered in soft fur, and under their skin all seals have a layer of blubber which helps insulate them from cold temperatures. However, seals that live in colder climates have more blubber than those that live in warmer climates, even within the same species of seal.",
5753
        "Seals spend most of their lives in the water.",
5754
        "Most seal species live in very large social groups called colonies that may come together to sunbathe in masses of hundreds, and take to the beach to mate and raise young in tightly packed gatherings of thousands.",
5755
        "Seals hunt alone or in groups. Their specialized bodies allow them to hunt for food in the water effectively. Their fins give them the ability to move very rapidly through the water, and seals can also dive deep into the ocean. Seals also have whiskers that are highly sensitive to movements and vibrations, making them effective hunters during the day or night.",
5756
        "Seals feed mainly on fish, but shellfish, squid and octopus also feature prominently in their diet. Seals are usually opportunistic feeders and are willing to eat most meat that is available depending on the location. They're considered to be predatory carnivores, and although most seals eat a vast variety of ocean creatures, some species eat only specific prey, such as crustaceans or krill. And a few, like the leopard seal, feed on large vertebrates, such as penguins and other seals.",
5757
        "Depending on the type of seal, they can dive at least 300 meters (1 thousands feet). Some of them can dive up to 900 meters (3 thousands feet). It is believed they can go deeper than that if necessary for food. The deepest recorded dive of a seal is 2 thousands meters (7 thousands feet) by a southern elephant seal.",
5758
        "Seals dive for three minutes at a time typically, and most species can stay under water up to 30 minutes. But champion divers, such as elephant seals, can hold their breath for about 2 hours.",
5759
        "Seals can sleep both in the water and on land, making it easier for them to choose whatever's best for their situation to avoid dangers. Scientists have recorded them sleeping for minutes at a time while slowly drifting downward in a belly-up orientation. Like other marine mammals, seals sleep in water with half of their brain awake so that they can detect and escape from predators. When they are asleep on land, both sides of their brain go into sleep mode.",
5760
        "Seals use plenty of sounds for communicating with each other. They can also communicate through movements.",
5761
        "The mating system of seals varies from extreme polygyny to serial monogamy.",
5762
        "Killer whales, some species of sharks (especially the great white shark), Arctic wolves, polar bears, pumas, brown hyenas, various canid species and even other types of seals prey on seals. Some species of seals don't have any natural predators due to where they live or their size.",
5763
        "Humans have traditionally hunted seals for their meat, blubber and fur coats, however seals are now protected by international law.",
5764
        "Seals have been kept in captivity since at least the 17th century. They can be found in facilities around the world, as their large size and playfulness make them popular attractions.",
5765
        "The Japanese sea lion and the Caribbean monk seal have become extinct in the past century, while the Mediterranean monk seal and Hawaiian monk seal are ranked Critically Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.",
5766
        "Seals belong to the order Carnivora and their closest living relatives are bears and musteloids (weasels, raccoons, skunks and red pandas), having diverged about 50 million years ago."
5767
    ],
5768
    "Serval": [
5769
        "The serval (Leptailurus serval) is a wild medium-sized cat native to Africa.",
5770
        "Servals are rare in North Africa and the Sahel, but widespread in sub-Saharan countries except rainforest regions.",
5771
        "Servals are found in several habitats. They are common on savannas where there is plenty of water. Servals prefer areas of bush, tall grass, and dry reed beds near streams, but they are also found in high-altitude moorlands and bamboo thickets. They are known to occur up to 3 thousands meters (12 thousands ft) above sea level on Mount Kilimanjaro.",
5772
        "The average lifespan for servals is about 10 years in the wild, and up to 20 years in captivity.",
5773
        "The serval stands 54 to 62 cm (21\u201324 in) at the shoulder and weighs 8 to 18 kg (18\u201340 lb). The head-and-body length is typically between 67 and 100 cm (26\u201339 in).",
5774
        "Serval are slender cats with long legs, a lean body, a short tail, and a small head.",
5775
        "Servals have excellent sense of smell, hearing and sight, which they use both for finding the prey and for avoiding predators.",
5776
        "Being a solitary animal, servals only interact with other members of their species when mating, caring for young, or fighting for territory.",
5777
        "With a combination of long, powerful legs, deep chest, and slim build allows the serval to reach a sustained speed of 80 km/h (50 mph).",
5778
        "The serval has a varied diet, eating rodents, birds, reptiles, frogs, fish, and large insects.",
5779
        "The serval has capability of leaping 3 meters (10 feet) in the air to catch birds and insects in flight. But small rodents are its most frequent prey item, and a serval doesn't hesitate to reach a long leg down into a rodent's burrow to snatch a meal out of the tunnel! Ultrasonic hearing ability allows the serval to hear the high-pitched communication of rodents. The cat's long, curved claws can also hook fish and frogs right out of the water.",
5780
        "With its many hunting styles, varied diet, and fantastic hearing, the serval is well equipped to be the most successful predator of all the cats.",
5781
        "The serval is active in the day as well as at night; activity might peak in early morning, around twilight and at midnight. Servals might be active for a longer time on cool or rainy days. During the hot midday, they rest or groom themselves in the shade of bushes and grasses.",
5782
        "Like many cats, the serval is able to purr; it also has a high-pitched chirp, and can hiss, cackle, growl, grunt and meow.",
5783
        "Servals have no major predators other than humans. Leopards and hyenas are the most probable competitors for food and territory. When African servals discover they are close to an individual of a rival species, they run away in confusing darting leaps.",
5784
        "The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) lists the serval as least concern.",
5785
        "A major threat to the survival of the serval include the degradation of wetlands and grasslands.",
5786
        "Unlike many other cat species, servals love to climb, leap and play in water.",
5787
        "The name \"serval\" is believed to come from the Portuguese word lobo-cerval, meaning \"lynx.\"",
5788
        "Servals with black coats are sometimes found in mountainous regions of East Africa.",
5789
        "The pelt of servals is valuable and used to make mantles worn by chiefs in native tribes.",
5790
        "The association of servals with human beings dates to the time of Ancient Egypt. Servals are depicted as gifts or traded objects from Nubia in Egyptian art.",
5791
        "Like many other species of felid, servals are occasionally kept as pets, although their wild nature means that ownership of servals is regulated in most countries.",
5792
        "One domestic cat breed, savannah, is a mix between tabbys and servals."
5793
    ],
5794
    "Shark": [
5795
        "Sharks are a group of fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head.",
5796
        "There are more than 470 species of sharks.",
5797
        "Sharks can be found in all five of the Earth's oceans. While some species inhabit shallow, coastal regions, others live in deep waters, on the ocean floor and in the open ocean. Some species, like the bull shark, are even known to swim in salt, fresh and brackish waters.",
5798
        "Sharks have prowled Earth's seas, essentially unchanged, for 400 million years.",
5799
        "The majority of shark species live 20 to 30 years in the wild, there are some species that live much longer than others. For example, the Greenland shark has the longest lifespan at about 400 years, while the blue shark in the wild has an average lifespan of 15-16 years.",
5800
        "They range in size from the small dwarf lanternshark (Etmopterus perryi), a deep sea species of only 17 centimeters (6.7 inches) in length, to the whale shark (Rhincodon typus) [photo below], the largest fish in the world, which reaches approximately 12 meters (40 feet) in length.",
5801
        "Most sharks are \"cold-blooded\", meaning that their internal body temperature matches that of their ambient environment.",
5802
        "Sharks belong to a family of fish that have skeletons made of cartilage, a tissue more flexible and lighter than bone.",
5803
        "Like other fish, sharks extract oxygen from seawater as it passes over their gills. Unlike other fish, shark gill slits are not covered, but lie in a row behind the head.",
5804
        "All sharks have multiple rows of teeth, and while they lose teeth on a regular basis, new teeth continue to grow in and replace those they lose.",
5805
        "Sharks have a covering of placoid scales that protects their skin from damage and parasites in addition to improving their fluid dynamics.",
5806
        "Sharks have all the senses we have (smell, taste, touch, eyesight, and hearing). They can also sense electricity and vibrations in the water.",
5807
        "A shark's primary sense is a keen sense of smell. Its paired nostrils are on the underside of its snout. Water continually flows through the nostrils, giving the shark olfactory information. Unlike humans, shark nostrils have nothing to do with breathing \u2013 they are not even connected to the mouth.",
5808
        "Although the threshold of a shark's visual acuity has not been demonstrated, it is apparent that they are well-suited for seeing in dim light. Their eyes are particularly sensitive to moving objects.",
5809
        "Although it is hard to test the hearing of sharks, they may have a sharp sense of hearing and can possibly hear prey from many miles away. Sharks have only an inner ear, which consists of three chambers and an ear stone called an otolith. A shark's inner ear detects sound, acceleration, and gravity.",
5810
        "Sharks are opportunistic feeders, but most sharks primarily feed on smaller fish and invertebrates. Some of the larger shark species prey on seals, sea lions, and other marine mammals. Sharks have been known to attack humans when they are confused or curious.",
5811
        "Sharks may be social or solitary animals living on their own, depending on the species. Since they are equipped with teeth at birth, they do not need to rely on each other for survival.",
5812
        "Sharks traveling in groups are most common during mating season and periods of migration, though some species also tend to hunt together in groups.",
5813
        "Most sharks give birth to live young, but some release eggs that hatch later. The gestation period can be up to almost two years long.",
5814
        "Sharks can have from 1 to 100 babies at a time, depending on the species of shark. Species of sharks that give birth to live sharks only have a few at a time.",
5815
        "Sharks do not care for their babies after they are born, but they do search for a safe place where they can lay their eggs or give birth.",
5816
        "Some captive female sharks have been known to reproduce without the aid of a male, essentially cloning themselves.",
5817
        "Oxygen-rich water flows through the gills during movement allowing the shark to breathe. While some species of sharks do need to swim constantly, this is not true for all sharks. Some sharks such as the nurse shark have spiracles that force water across their gills allowing for stationary rest.",
5818
        "In general, sharks swim (\"cruise\") at an average speed of 8 kilometers (5 miles) per hour, but when feeding or attacking, the average shark can reach speeds upwards of 19 kilometers (12 miles) per hour. The shortfin mako shark, the fastest shark and one of the fastest fish, can burst at speeds up to 50 kilometers (31 miles) per hour.",
5819
        "Sharks are common down to depths of 2 thousands meters (7 thousands feet), and some live even deeper, but they are almost entirely absent below 3 thousands meters (10 thousands feet).",
5820
        "Contrary to popular belief, only a few sharks are dangerous to humans. Out of more than 470 species, only four have been involved in a significant number of fatal, unprovoked attacks on humans: the great white, oceanic whitetip [photo below], tiger, and bull sharks.",
5821
        "Year 2015 set a new record for shark attacks around the world, with 98 incidents, including six human fatalities.",
5822
        "It is estimated that 100 million sharks are killed by people every year, due to commercial and recreational fishing.",
5823
        "In 2009, the International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN Red List of Endangered Species named 64 as being at risk of extinction due to fishing and shark finning.",
5824
        "Until the 16th century, sharks were known to mariners as \"sea dogs\". The etymology of the word \"shark\" is uncertain.",
5825
        "The outside of shark teeth is made up of fluoride, the active component of most toothpaste, so Sharks never get cavities.",
5826
        "About 50 different shark species glow in the dark; bioluminescence making them glow in the dark.",
5827
        "Sharks have survived 5 mass extinctions.",
5828
        "Even before dinosaurs roamed the Earth, sharks hunted through the oceans!"
5829
    ],
5830
    "Sheep": [
5831
        "Sheep are quadrupedal, ruminant mammals typically kept as livestock.",
5832
        "Although the name \"sheep\" applies to many species in the genus Ovis, in everyday usage it almost always refers to domestic sheep (Ovis aries).",
5833
        "Sheep are raised for their wool, hair or pelts as well as milk and meat.",
5834
        "Sheep may be the first domesticated ruminant, tamed by nomadic people in the Middle East and Asia 11 thousands years ago, perhaps even before agriculture gave rise to civilization.",
5835
        "The exact line of descent between domestic sheep and their wild ancestors is unclear. The most common hypothesis states that domestic sheep aries is descended from the Asiatic (O. orientalis) species of mouflon.",
5836
        "Woolly sheep began to be developed around 6000 BC in Iran, and cultures such as the Persians relied on sheep's wool for trading. They were then imported to Africa and Europe via trading.",
5837
        "Today, sheep live worldwide in association with humans.",
5838
        "It is estimated that there are more than 200 distinct sheep breeds; some sources give a count of a 1000 or more breeds, but these numbers cannot be verified, according to some sources.",
5839
        "The average lifespan of a sheep is 10 to 12 years, though some sheep may live as long as 20 years.",
5840
        "An adult female sheep is known as a ewe and an adult male sheep is known as a ram. A young sheep between newborn and 14 months old is called a lamb.",
5841
        "The physical details of domestic sheep vary greatly among breeds. Head and body length is 120-180 centimeters and shoulder height is 65-127 cm. They weigh between 45 and 100 kilograms (100 and 350 lb). Female sheep tend to be three quarters to two thirds the size of males.",
5842
        "Colors of domestic sheep range from pure white to dark chocolate brown, and even spotted or piebald.",
5843
        "While originally all rams had horns, sheep can have horns or not, depending upon their breed, sex, and genetics. In some sheep breeds, both sexes are horned. In some breeds, only the rams have horns.",
5844
        "Sheep have good hearing, and are sensitive to noise when being handled. Sheep have horizontal slit-shaped pupils, with excellent peripheral vision; with visual fields of about 270\u00b0 to 320\u00b0, sheep can see behind themselves without turning their heads. Sheep also have an excellent sense of smell.",
5845
        "Sheep follow a diurnal pattern of activity, feeding from dawn to dusk.",
5846
        "Sheep belong to the ruminant classification of animals. Ruminants are characterized by their four-chambered stomach and \"cud-chewing\" behavior. Cud is a food bolus that is regurgitated, rechewed, and reswallowed.",
5847
        "Sheep are extremely social animals. In fact, they are \"flock\" animals, meaning that they prefer to be with other sheep. The dominance hierarchy of sheep and their natural inclination to follow a leader to new pastures were the pivotal factors in sheep being one of the first domesticated livestock species.",
5848
        "Sheep establish a dominance hierarchy through fighting, threats and competitiveness.",
5849
        "Sheep follow a similar reproductive strategy to other herd animals. A group of ewes is generally mated by a single ram, who has either been chosen by a breeder or has established dominance through physical contest with other rams. After mating, sheep have a gestation period of about five months; most lambs born in mid spring. One or two lambs, which are able to stand and suckle within a few minutes of birth, are born to each ewe.",
5850
        "Today, there are little over one billion sheep on the planet.",
5851
        "Religious symbolism and ritual involving sheep began with some of the first known faiths: Skulls of rams (along with bulls) occupied central placement in shrines at the \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck settlement in 8 thousands BC.",
5852
        "In Madagascar, sheep were not eaten as they were believed to be incarnations of the souls of ancestors.",
5853
        "Sheep play an important role in all the Abrahamic faiths; Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, King David and the Islamic prophet Muhammad were all shepherds.",
5854
        "Followers of Christianity are collectively often referred to as a flock, with Christ as the Good Shepherd, and sheep are an element in the Christian iconography of the birth of Jesus.",
5855
        "Greeks and Romans sacrificed sheep regularly in religious practice, and Judaism once sacrificed sheep as a Korban (sacrifice), such as the Passover lamb.",
5856
        "Astrologically, Aries, the ram, is the first sign of the classical Greek zodiac, and the sheep is the eighth of the twelve animals associated with the 12-year cycle of in the Chinese zodiac, related to the Chinese calendar.",
5857
        "Counting sheep is a mental exercise used in some cultures as a means of putting oneself to sleep. In most depictions of the activity, the practitioner envisions an endless series of identical white sheep jumping over a fence, while counting them as they do so. The idea, presumably, is to induce boredom while occupying the mind with something simple, repetitive, and rhythmic, all of which are known to help humans sleep.",
5858
        "Probably the most famous sheep was Dolly the Sheep. She was named after Dolly Parton, and was the first large mammal clone. She did not live as long as a regular sheep, because clones have health problems. This is only known because of Dolly.",
5859
        "The highest price ever achieved for a sheep is $369 thousands, paid by Jimmy Douglas for the eight-month-old Texel tup, Deveronvale Perfection, in Lanark, Scotland, in August 2009. Bred in Banffshire sheep farmer Graham Morrison, this very valuable sheep will be used for breeding purposes.",
5860
        "Turkish sheep die in \"mass jump.\" First one sheep went over the cliff edge, only to be followed by the whole flock, according to the reports. More than 400 sheep died in the 15-metre (50-foot) fall \u2013 their bodies cushioning the fall of 1 thousands others who followed. Apparent suicide isn't unheard of in animals.",
5861
        "Sheep can recognise emotions in facial expression, not only in their species but also in humans, researchers say.",
5862
        "The sight of sheep grazing on the south lawn of the White House may seem unusual, but during World War I, it was a highly visible symbol of home front support of the troops overseas. The flock, which numbered 48 at its peak, saved manpower by cutting the grass and earned $52 thousands for the Red Cross through an auction of their wool."
5863
    ],
5864
    "Shih Tzu": [
5865
        "The Shih Tzu is an Asian toy dog breed originating from Tibet.",
5866
        "The average lifespan of the Shih Tzu is about 13 years. The oldest living Shih Tzu was one named Smokey from Florida, who lived to be 23 years old.",
5867
        "A Shih Tzu should stand no more than 26.7 cm (10.5 inches) at the withers and with an ideal weight of 4 to 7.5 kg.",
5868
        "They have a soft and long double coat. Although sometimes long, a Shih Tzu will not always have extremely lengthy hair like the Pekingese (but with short legs). Some of them have more short, curly hair. This is purely a choice made by the owners.",
5869
        "In contemporary mandarin, the Shih Tzu is generally known as the \"Xi Shi dog\" \u2013 Xi Shi was regarded as one of the most beautiful women of ancient China.",
5870
        "Shih Tzu were nicknamed the Chrysanthemum Dog (in England in the 1930s) because of the way their hair grows up from the nose and around the face in all directions.",
5871
        "One theory is that the Shih Tzu descended from a cross between the Pekingese and Lhasa Apso.",
5872
        "The Shih Tzu is an ancient breed and has a long history as a lap dog to nobles.",
5873
        "The exact origins of the Shih Tzu as a Chinese royal house pet is hazy, with different dates offered over the past 1 thousands years.",
5874
        "It wasn't until 1930 that the first Shih Tzus were imported into Europe (England and Norway).",
5875
        "The first European standard for the breed was written in England in 1935 by the Shih Tzu Club, and the dogs were categorised again as Shih Tzu.",
5876
        "The Shih Tzu was recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1969 in the Toy Group.",
5877
        "Today, the Shih Tzu is ranked among the top 20 most popular breeds in the United States.",
5878
        "The Shih Tzu's coat grows continuously. Many owners choose to keep the hair trimmed short, making it appear somewhat curly and fluffy. Others prefer to keep the coat long and luxurious. Because of this coat type, routine grooming is an absolute necessity.",
5879
        "A Shih Tzu puppy is likely to cost between $500 and $1 thousands with the average price being $850. Buying a Shih Tzu with top breed lines and a superior pedigree will run anywhere from $2 thousands upwards to $10 thousands or more, depending on the breeding.",
5880
        "Proper training and socialization are important in order to keep your Shih Tzu happy and well-adjusted. Daily walks and fun activities like games can help keep your Shih Tzu mentally and physically stimulated."
5881
    ],
5882
    "Shrimp": [
5883
        "The term shrimp is used to refer to some decapod crustaceans.",
5884
        "There are over 2 thousands species of shrimps.",
5885
        "Shrimp are widespread, and can be found near the seafloor of most coasts and estuaries, as well as in rivers and lakes.",
5886
        "There are some very long lived shrimp species, such as the ope ula (Hawaiian Red Shrimp). This shrimp can live beyond 20 years in captivity.",
5887
        "Shrimp range in length from a few millimeters to more than 20 centimeters (about 8 inches); average size is about 4 to 8 centimeters (1.5 to 3 inches).",
5888
        "Most shrimp are omnivorous. Their food consists mostly of small plants and animals; some shrimp species feed on carrion.",
5889
        "The female shrimp may lay from 1 thousands to 14 thousands eggs, which are attached to the swimming legs. The swimming larvae pass through five developmental stages before becoming juveniles.",
5890
        "Shrimps play important roles in the food chain and are important food sources for larger animals from fish to whales.",
5891
        "The muscular tails of many shrimp are edible to humans, and they are widely caught and farmed for human consumption.",
5892
        "Commercial shrimp species support an industry worth 50 billion dollars a year.",
5893
        "Shrimp have high levels of omega-3 fatty acids and low levels of mercury. As with other seafood, shrimp is high in calcium, iodine and protein but low in food energy.",
5894
        "In North America, indigenous peoples of the Americas captured shrimp and other crustaceans in fishing weirs and traps made from branches and Spanish moss, or used nets woven with fibre beaten from plants. At the same time early European settlers, oblivious to the \"protein-rich coasts\" all about them, starved from lack of protein.",
5895
        "In 1735, beach seines were imported from France, and Cajun fishermen in Louisiana started catching white shrimp and drying them in the sun, as they still do today.",
5896
        "Shrimp is the most popular seafood eaten in the United States. It represents over 25 percent of the nation's annual per capita seafood consumption. This calculation indicates that the average consumer eats 4 pounds of shrimp per year.",
5897
        "Various coastal settlements in the United States have claimed the title \"Shrimp Capital of the World.\" For example, the claim was made earlier in the nineteenth century for the Port of Brunswick in Georgia, and Fernandina and Saint Augustine in Florida. More recent claims have been made for Aransas Pass and Brownsville in Texas, as well as Morgan City in Louisiana. The claim has also been made for Mazatl\u00e1n in Mexico.",
5898
        "Several types of shrimp are kept in home aquaria. Some are purely ornamental, while others are useful in controlling algae and removing debris.",
5899
        "The terms shrimp and prawn are common names, not scientific names."
5900
    ],
5901
    "Siamese": [
5902
        "The Siamese cat is a popular short-haired breed of domestic cat.",
5903
        "The Siamese cat one of the first distinctly recognized breeds of Asian cat.",
5904
        "A description and depiction of the Siamese cat first appears in a collection of ancient manuscripts called the Tamra Maew (The Cat-Book Poems) thought to originate from the Ayutthaya Kingdom (14th to the 18th century).",
5905
        "The Siamese became one of the most popular breeds in Europe and North America in the 19th century.",
5906
        "In 1878, US President Rutherford B. Hayes received the first documented Siamese to reach the United States, a cat named \"Siam\" sent by the American Consul in Bangkok.",
5907
        "By 1902 the first cat fanciers club devoted to the Siamese cat had been established in the United Kingdom, and by 1906 the Cat Fanciers' Association had officially recognized the breed.",
5908
        "Siamese cats have a relatively long lifespan. They live up to 15 years on average, some can reach 20 years old! Siamese Scooter holds the record as the world's oldest male cat, dying at the age of 30.",
5909
        "There are two different types of Siamese Cat: the Traditional or Thai Siamese, and the Modern Siamese.",
5910
        "The body of a Modern Siamese is flexible and well-muscled. Its head is in the shape of a triangle, with a thin snout-like muzzle. Their eyes are also almond shaped, and their ears are tall and sit more on the side of the head than the Traditional Siamese. It's neck and tail are long and thin.",
5911
        "Siamese tend to seek human interaction and also like companionship from other cats.",
5912
        "Unlike most cats, they are less active at night, and prefer to sleep through it. This might be because their eyes lack something called tapetum lucidum, which allows cats to see better in the dark. Also, unlike many other blue-eyed cats, Siamese cats can still hear well. Cats that are white with blue eyes are often deaf.",
5913
        "A Siamese kitten can cost you anywhere from $250 to $1000, whereas an adult purebred Siamese cat will cost you more than $1000. A number of factors play a part in the cost of a Siamese cat.",
5914
        "In The Wizard of Oz a Siamese Cat is the cause for Dorothy missing the balloon ride back to Kansas. As the balloon is just about to lift off with the Wizard, Dorothy and Toto on board, a girl in the crowd is holding a Siamese Cat which distracts Toto, causing him to jump out of the basket which, of course, causes Dorothy to jump out in pursuit.",
5915
        "In Garfield: The Movie, Nermal, a friend/rival of Garfield, is a Siamese cat."
5916
    ],
5917
    "Siamese Fighting Fish": [
5918
        "The Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens), commonly known as the betta, is a popular fish in the aquarium trade.",
5919
        "Siamese fighting fish live in thickly overgrown ponds and in only very slowly flowing waters such as shallow rice paddies, stagnant pools, polluted streams, and other types of areas in which the water has a low-oxygen content.",
5920
        "The lifespan of Siamese fighting fish is about 3 to 5 years and up to 7 and 10 years in rare cases.",
5921
        "The fish's body is covered with scales that overlap each other like the shingles on the roof of a house. These scales consist of thin, transparent plates that help protect the Siamese fighting fish's body from injury and add streamlining for efficient gliding.",
5922
        "The Siamese fighting fish's scales grow out from the skin and are generally lacking in color. The fish's true color actually comes from pigment cells (chromatophores) located in the skin itself.",
5923
        "In the wild, Siamese fighting fish are primarily bug eaters. Their meals usually consist of insects that, for whatever reason, ended up dropping into their environments, whether ponds, canals or anything else. They also frequently feed on algae and bug larvae, as well.",
5924
        "The Siamese fighting fish is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN.",
5925
        "The titular character in the novel Rumble Fish (novel) and subsequent film Rumble Fish is a Siamese fighting fish.",
5926
        "A scene in the James Bond film From Russia with Love shows three Siamese fighting fish in an aquarium as the villain Ernst Stavro Blofeld likens the modus operandi of his criminal organisation, SPECTRE to one of the fish that observes as the other two fight to the death, then kills the weakened victor."
5927
    ],
5928
    "Siberian": [
5929
        "The Siberian cat is a breed of domestic cat.",
5930
        "The formal name of the breed is Siberian Forest Cat, but usually it's simply called the Siberian or Siberian cat. Another formal breed name is the Moscow Semi-Longhair.",
5931
        "The Siberian cat has occurred naturally in the region of Siberia for over two thousand years.",
5932
        "Siberian cats are found in Russian literature and fairy tales, and the breed is recognized as the national cat of Russia.",
5933
        "Russian families relay fond tales of their Siberians and their amazing loyalty and personalities, but these cats also have played a practical role on farms as rodent control.",
5934
        "It is uncertain when the Siberian cat was introduced to Europe, but the breed was written about in Harrison Weir's late 19th century book, Our Cats and All About Them, as one of the three longhairs represented at the first cat show, held in England in the 1700s.",
5935
        "When the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States ended, the doors opened for the Siberian cat to be exported worldwide.",
5936
        "The first Siberians arrived in the United States in June 1990.",
5937
        "The Siberian cat has a typical lifespan of 10 to 18 years.",
5938
        "The typical Siberian Cat has an overall height of 23 to 28 cm (9 to 11 in) and body length of 38 to 46 cm (15 to 18 in). An average Siberian cat weighs between 5 and 9 kg (10 and 20 lb).",
5939
        "Exuding an appearance of agility and power, the Siberian cat has a stocky build, strong hind legs, and a calm expression.",
5940
        "Siberians express the three natural types of feline fur: guard hair, awn hair, and down hair. These three layers protect the cat from the Russian weather extremes, and provide a hardy, easy to care for coat today. The fur is textured but glossy, which decreases the occurrence of matting.",
5941
        "As with most other cat breeds, color varieties of the Siberian vary and all colors, such as tabby, solid, tortoiseshell and colorpoint, are genetically possible.",
5942
        "The Siberian cat breed does not have any unusual, distinct, or unique fur colorations or patterns.",
5943
        "Although considered a quiet breed, the Siberian cat is usually friendly and desires the company of others as made clear through small shrills and purrs.",
5944
        "Siberian kittens tend to be very active. They are usually calm and happy to adapt to new surroundings, and their eagerness to blend with the family makes for an easily trainable kitten.",
5945
        "On average, Siberian cat prices range from $1 thousands to $2 thousands from a breeder, Excellent pedigree Siberian cats, from well-known breeding farms, with nice appearance cost from $2 thousands to $4 thousands."
5946
    ],
5947
    "Siberian Tiger": [
5948
        "The Siberian tiger (Panthera tigrisa ltaica), also known as the Amur tiger, is a tiger subspecies.",
5949
        "Siberian tigers live in eastern Russia's birch forests, and there are some in China and North Korea. It is estimated that there are around 600 Siberian tigers left in the wild.",
5950
        "Siberian tigers are generally found from 500 to 800 meters (1 thousands to 2 thousands feet) above sea level, with only a few reaching 1 thousands meters (3 thousands feet) or more.",
5951
        "The average lifespan for Siberian tigers is from 10 to 15 years in the wild, while in captivity individuals may live up to 25 years.",
5952
        "The Siberian tiger measuring up to 4 metres (13 feet) in total length and weighing up to 300 kg (660 pounds)",
5953
        "To keep themselves from becoming cold in the winters, Siberian tigers have thicker fur coats than tigers which live in southern Asia. They also have a thick layer of fat which helps keep them warm. Siberian tigers have extra fur around their necks and paws which helps them keep warm.",
5954
        "The Siberian tiger is reddish-rusty, or rusty-yellow in color, with narrow black transverse stripes.",
5955
        "Since Siberian tigers live in such cold regions, an adult needs to eat at least 9 kilograms (20 pounds) of food every day to survive, but adults can eat as much as 50 kilograms of meat.",
5956
        "Siberain tigers are carnivores. Siberian tigers feed mainly on wild boar, moose and deer. If regular prey is unavailable they will eat fish, rodents, rabbits and even small bears. During normal conditions, around 50 percent of the tiger's diet will be of wild boar.",
5957
        "Siberian tigers are known to travel up to 1 thousands kilometers (620 miles), a distance that marks the exchange limit over ecologically unbroken country.",
5958
        "Siberian tigers mate at any time of the year. Gestation lasts from 3 to 3\u00bd months. Litter size is normally 2 or 4 cubs but there can be as many as 6. The cubs are born blind in a sheltered den and are left alone when the female leaves to hunt for food.",
5959
        "After being hunted nearly to extinction early in the 20th century, the species received legal protection from the Soviet Union in 1947. At the time, there were as few as 20 Siberian tigers left in the world.",
5960
        "The Siberian tiger is still considered a critically endangered species with the primary threats to its' survival in the wild being poaching and habitat loss from intensive logging and development.",
5961
        "Siberian tigers live in such remote locations that poachers can kill them without being caught. Poachers hunt these tigers for the illegal wildlife market selling skins, meat and bones. They are also hunted for traditional Asian medicines. Local people often view tigers as threats to people and livestock and may kill a rare tiger if they see one.",
5962
        "The Siberian tiger very rarely becomes a man-eater. Numerous cases of attacks on humans were recorded in the 19th century, occurring usually in central Asia.",
5963
        "The Siberian tiger is the national animal of South Korea."
5964
    ],
5965
    "Skunk": [
5966
        "Skunks are mammals, usually black with a white stripe on their back and a fluffy tail.",
5967
        "The skunk family includes 10 species of skunks found in North and South America and 2 species of stink badgers found in southeast Asia.",
5968
        "Skunks live in forest edges, woodlands, grasslands and deserts.",
5969
        "Skunk species vary in size from about 40 to 94 centimeters (15.6 to 37 inches) long and in weight from about 0.5 kilograms (1.1 lb) (spotted skunks) to 8.2 kilograms (18 pounds) (hog-nosed skunks).",
5970
        "Although the most common fur color is black and white, some skunks are brown or grey and a few are cream-colored.",
5971
        "Some skunks are striped, and some are spotted or have swirl patterns on their fur.",
5972
        "Skunks are solitary animals when not breeding, though in the colder parts of their range, they may gather in communal dens for warmth.",
5973
        "Skunks are omnivorous, eating both plants and animals and changing their diets as the seasons change. They eat insects and larvae, earthworms, grubs, rodents, lizards, salamanders, frogs, snakes, fish, birds, moles and eggs. They also commonly eat berries, roots, leaves, grasses, fungi and nuts. In settled areas, skunks also seek garbage left by humans.",
5974
        "Skunks are one of the primary predators of the honeybee, relying on their thick fur to protect them from stings. The skunk scratches at the front of the beehive and eats the guard bees that come out to investigate. Mother skunks are known to teach this behavior to their young.",
5975
        "Skunks can only run about 16 kilometers (10 miles) per hour and will not try to outrun a predator.",
5976
        "Skunks are legendary for their powerful predator-deterrent\u2014a hard-to-remove, horrible-smelling spray. A skunk's spray is an oily liquid produced by glands under its large tail. To employ this scent bomb, a skunk turns around and blasts its foe with a foul mist that can travel as far as 3 meters (10 feet).",
5977
        "If threatened, skunks stamp their front feet, lift their tail, and growl. Some species of skunk even spring into a handstand before spraying, which puts the skunk's warning markings on full display. If the person or animal doesn't retreat, the skunk aims the spray at the eyes, allowing the skunk to escape.",
5978
        "Skunk spray causes no real damage to its victims, but it sure makes them uncomfortable. It can linger for many days and defy attempts to remove it. As a defensive technique, the spray is very effective.",
5979
        "Most predators of the Americas, such as wolves, foxes and badgers, seldom attack skunks, presumably out of fear of being sprayed. The exceptions are dogs, reckless predators whose attacks fail once they are sprayed, and the great horned owl. It is the skunk's only regular predator. In one case, the remains of 57 striped skunks were found in a single owl nest.",
5980
        "Skunks usually nest in burrows constructed by other animals, but they also live in hollow logs or even abandoned buildings. In colder climates, some skunks may sleep in these nests for several weeks of the chilliest season.",
5981
        "Skunks mate in early spring and are polygynous, meaning that successful males mate with more than one female.",
5982
        "Female skunks give birth every year. Their gestation period often lasts around two months and they give birth to 2 to 10 offspring at a time.",
5983
        "Baby skunks are called kits. Kits are blind when born, since their eyes are sealed shut until around the age of 3 weeks. They are weaned at 2 months old. After they are weaned, they leave the den and at to 10 to 12 months old they are ready to have their own kits.",
5984
        "Skunks are not aggressive toward humans. They only spray in self defense.",
5985
        "Some people can't smell skunks horrible-smelling spray at all and not because they have no sense of smell. Specific anosmia, or insensitivity to one particular smell, is actually more common than general anosmia and one in every 1000 people has no ability to detect skunk spray.",
5986
        "A group of skunks is called a surfeit.",
5987
        "The official name for the skunk family is Mephitidae, which means \"stink.\"",
5988
        "Johnny Depp once said that his inspiration for Captain Jack Sparrow came from mixing Rolling Stones' Keith Richards and the cartoon skunk, Pepe Le Pew."
5989
    ],
5990
    "Sloth": [
5991
        "The sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), also known as the labiated bear is a medium-sized bear species native to Indian subcontinent.",
5992
        "Sloth bears live mainly in tropical areas. They can be found in a variety of dry and moist forests and in some tall grasslands, where boulders, scattered shrubs and trees provide shelter.",
5993
        "At one time, scientists thought that this animals were \"bearlike sloths\"! They have many similar characteristics such as hanging from branches, the slow wandering manner in which they walk and carrying their babies on their backs.",
5994
        "There are two subspecies: the Indian sloth bear (Melursus ursinus ursinus) and the Sri Lankan sloth bear (Melursus ursinus inornatus).",
5995
        "The average lifespan of the sloth bear is estimated to be 20 years in the wild. Precise figures are unknown. Sloth bears in captivity have lived as long as 40 years.",
5996
        "Sloth bears are from 60 to 90 cm (2 to 3 ft) high at the shoulder, and have a body length from 1.4 to 1.9 m (4.6 to 6.2 ft). Females are smaller than males.",
5997
        "Sloth bears have a long coat despite the relatively warm environment in which the species is found. But coat protects them from being bitten by their favorite food \u2014 insects!",
5998
        "Sloth bears have a shaggy black coat, especially over the shoulders. Brown and grey hairs found on the coat give the appearance of a cinnamon color on some bears.",
5999
        "The body structure of the sloth bear is awkward with huge feet and enormous claws. Sloth bears are nevertheless capable of galloping faster than a person can run.",
6000
        "Sloth bears are mainly nocturnal. During the day they sleep in caves, especially caves by river banks.",
6001
        "Sloth bears are omnivorous, although their diet typically includes a large proportion of insect foods.",
6002
        "Sloth bears are expert hunters of termites, which they locate by smell. On arriving at a mound, they scrape at the structure with their claws till they reach the large combs at the bottom of the galleries, and disperse the soil with violent puffs. The termites are then sucked up through the muzzle, producing a sucking sound which can be heard 180 meters (590 feet) away.",
6003
        "Sloth bears do not hibernate, but do have a period of inactivity during the rainy season.",
6004
        "Sloth bears are usually solitary, except during the breeding season and when raising young.",
6005
        "These bears only risk predation from large predators such as tigers and leopards. Female sloth bears with cubs will occasionally vary from their nocturnal tendencies to avoid these nocturnal predators.",
6006
        "The sloth bear is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN due to habitat loss and poaching.",
6007
        "Sloth bears were trained by Qualanders, a nomadic group that roamed India and entertained crowds with performing animals and circus acts, and were the original dancing bears.",
6008
        "It was once believed that a sloth bear was being aggressive and threatening when it stood up on its hind feet, but often the bears are just getting a better view and checking the air for whiffs of food or danger."
6009
    ],
6010
    "Snail": [
6011
        "Snail is the common name applied to most members of the mollusk class Gastropoda that have coiled shells.",
6012
        "The name is most often applied to land snails. However, the common name snail is also used for numerous species of sea snails and freshwater snails.",
6013
        "There are approximately 43 thousands species of snails.",
6014
        "Land snails, although better known than other types, represent a small group. Sea snails are the most numerous and biodiverse group.",
6015
        "Snails are found all over the world. They live in a very wide range of environments, including marshes, deserts, mountains, ditches, bodies of fresh water and the abyssal depths of the sea.",
6016
        "Snail-like animals that naturally lack a shell, or have only an internal shell, are mostly called slugs.",
6017
        "The lifespan of snails depends on their habitat and the species. Some of them only live for about 1 to 3 years. However, others can live up to 25 years old.",
6018
        "The snail shell is present from the snail's early development, is attached to the snail, and grows along with the snail in a spiral shape. A snail can't crawl out of its shell any easier than you can walk away from your fingernails! The very center coil of a shell is where it began in life, and as the snail grows, the shell grows around and around that center in a spiral form.",
6019
        "Snails are strange-looking creatures with shells and large stalks sticking out of the tops of their heads. Because most snails are small, it can be difficult to see their primary features. However, snails do have eyes and vision, though the exact location of the eyes and their use depends on the specific type of snail. Snails don't rely on sight as much as humans, but it's still one of their senses.",
6020
        "Land snails have two pairs of tentacles. The two tallest tentacles have eyes at their tips. Land snails have a wider frame of vision because they're able to move their eyes around using their tentacles.",
6021
        "Snails can have lungs or gills depending on the species and their habitat. Some marine snails actually can have lungs and have to come to the surface to breathe while some land based snails can have gills.",
6022
        "When retracted into their shells, many snails with gills (including some terrestrial species) are able to protect themselves with a door-like anatomical structure called an operculum.",
6023
        "Sea snails are colorful, so they can be pink, blue, red, grey, yellow and also with many other colors. The colors protect them, because this colors scare potential enemies away.",
6024
        "Most snails have thousands of microscopic tooth-like structures located on a ribbon-like tongue called a radula. The radula works like a file, ripping food into small pieces.",
6025
        "Most snails are of herbivorous nature, though a few land species and many marine species may be omnivores or carnivores.",
6026
        "Land snails enjoy plants, fungi and algae. They naturally congregate in fields and grassy areas.",
6027
        "Freshwater snails subsist largely on algae and decomposing plants, but some species also eat dead fish.",
6028
        "Sea snails like their freshwater cousins, may eat plant matter, namely algae, or animal matter, namely fish or other types of invertebrates.",
6029
        "Like most living creatures, both land and water snail species need to drink water to survive. Land snails drink from small puddles formed on leaves or on the ground, but they also get their water from the juicy leaves they eat. Marine species take saltwater when feeding, but have an excretory mechanism to eliminate excessive salt quantities they ingest.",
6030
        "The largest known land snail is the African giant snail (Achatina achatina), the largest recorded specimen of which measured 39.3 cm (15.5 in) from snout to tail when fully extended, with a shell length of 27.3 cm (10.75 in) in December 1978. It weighed exactly 900 g (2 lb).",
6031
        "The Australian trumpet or false trumpet is a sea snail measuring up to 91 centimeters (36 inches) long and weighing up to 18 kilograms (40 pounds) is the largest snail species in the world, and arguably the largest (heaviest) gastropod in the world.",
6032
        "The record of the world's smallest snail is held by a mollusk found in Borneo, according to a new study. The average height of this snail is recorded at 0.7 millimeters (0.027 inches) with white and translucent shell.",
6033
        "Snails can only crawl. Even those that live in water can't swim. As they crawl they secrete a slime to help themselves move across surfaces. Snails travel at speeds that vary from slow (47 meters (154 feet) per hour) to very slow (10 meters (33 feet) per hour).",
6034
        "The first snail-like mollusk lived about 550 million years ago on the seafloor. Then, around 286 million years ago, some moved onto land and began breathing with lungs, instead of gills.",
6035
        "The snail Lymnaea makes decisions by using only two types of neuron: one deciding whether the snail is hungry, and the other deciding whether there is food in the vicinity.",
6036
        "The sea snail was considered a symbol of rebirth and joy for Mesoamericans, who believed the whirled shape of its shell represented the circle of life.",
6037
        "In some countries, like France, people eat snails. They usually boil them in salt water, and add a garlic sauce.",
6038
        "Snail eggs, sold as snail caviar, are a specialty food that is growing in popularity in European cuisine.",
6039
        "Heliciculture is the farming of snails.",
6040
        "Molluscophobia is the fear of members of the mollusk family, such as slugs and snails."
6041
    ],
6042
    "Snake": [
6043
        "Snakes belong to the animal class reptiles.",
6044
        "Their long, slender bodies and lack of legs, eyelids, or ear flaps distinguish snakes from all other reptiles.",
6045
        "There are more than 3 thousands species of snakes in the world .",
6046
        "Snakes are found throughout the world except Antarctica, Iceland, Ireland, Greenland and New Zealand.",
6047
        "Most snakes are found in tropical regions.",
6048
        "Snakes can live in a lot of different habitats, from open oceans and vast deserts to mountain regions at altitudes of over 3 thousands meters (10 thousands feet).",
6049
        "The average lifespan of a snake is 10 to 25 years in the wild. Snakes in captivity can live longer. The lifespan of a snake depends on the species. Some species can live up to 40 years.",
6050
        "With so many different species, there are snakes of many different sizes.",
6051
        "The world's smallest snake is the thread snake (Leptotyphlops bilineata), which grows to only about 10 centimeters (3.9 inches) long.",
6052
        "The world's largest snake, the reticulated python (Python reticulatus), can grow to a whopping 10.5 meters (33 feet).",
6053
        "Snakes, like other reptiles, have a skin covered in scales. Snakes are entirely covered with scales or scutes of various shapes and sizes, known as snakeskin as a whole.",
6054
        "Snakes have two main methods of finding food: active hunting for food or sitting in ambush, waiting for food to come to them.",
6055
        "Snakes can strike with amazing speed. Some just snatch small prey and begin swallowing immediately, others grip and constrict around their prey, squeezing tighter each time the victim exhales. These constrictors feel the heart beat of the prey and constrict until it stops. Venomous snakes inject a toxic complex protein into their prey that kills or paralyzes it.",
6056
        "Snakes are carnivores. The smallest of all snakes, the Thread snake, eats the pupae, or eggs, of ants and centipedes. The largest snakes, the Pythons and Anacondas, have been known to eat, deer and pigs! Most snakes live off of insects, rodents, birds, eggs, fish, frogs, lizards, other snakes and small mammals.",
6057
        "Snakes can't bite food so have to swallow it whole.",
6058
        "Snakes can eat other animals 75 to 100 percent bigger than their own size.",
6059
        "Depending on the size of the meal, snakes may not have to eat again for several days, weeks, or months.",
6060
        "Snakes can't see very well and seem to notice objects only if they move. Most of the time they sense their prey through vibrations (the bones in their lower jaw pick up vibrations) caused by movement. Snakes are sensitive to vibrations, particularly those made by land animals, but their most acute sense is smell.",
6061
        "A snake uses its tongue to help it smell. It flicks its long, forked tongue to pick up chemical molecules from the air, ground, or water. The tongue carries the smelly molecules back to two small openings in the roof of the snake's mouth where they're analyzed.",
6062
        "Snakes don't have eyelids, so they can't blink or close their eyes to sleep.",
6063
        "About 70 percent of the world's snakes lay eggs. The rest give birth to live young. Oviparous or egg-laying snakes tend to live in warmer climates, which helps incubate their eggs. Viviparous or live-birthing snakes tend to live in cooler regions, where the ground is too cold for the eggs to develop on their own.",
6064
        "Snakes aren't slimy. Their scales are smooth and dry.",
6065
        "Snakes do not like the cold. This is because they are cold blooded or ectothermic. This means that they don't have the means to regulate their body temperature like warm blooded creatures.",
6066
        "Snakes that live in places where it gets very cold in the winter may hibernate in deep, underground dens, remaining dormant until spring brings warm weather again. Snakes that live in desert habitats often spend the heat of the day in burrows dug by other animals.",
6067
        "Snakes are not generally aggressive, but they do have to protect themselves from predators. The most common means of defense is camouflage. Most snakes blend into their surroundings while some have evolved to look like another, deadlier snake.[there is a snake in the photo below]",
6068
        "Of the more than 600 species of venomous snakes found on Earth, only about 200 can do any real damage to humans, according to the World Health Organization.",
6069
        "Snakes kill 100 thousands people every year, according to the World Health Organization.",
6070
        "There is constantly a debate on what snake is the most venomous. Some would say its the Inland Taipan, or possibly the beaked sea snake. But more accurate LD 50 testing proves that is the Belcher's sea snake (faint banded sea snake), who's venom is 100x's more toxic than any other snake in the world.",
6071
        "Snakes are immune to their own venom of the venom of close relatives, but not to the venom of other species of snakes.",
6072
        "The fastest snake in the world is also one of the deadliest. The black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) can move at speeds of up to 20 kilometers (12.5 miles) per hour.",
6073
        "Some species can fly. Flying snakes flatten their ribs into a concave C shape to trap air under their bodies as they fall. By undulating back and forth in an S-shape, they can actually glide through the air.",
6074
        "The rarest and most endangered snake is the St. Lucia racer. It is believed that there are 18 to 100 of these snakes left in existence.",
6075
        "There's an Island in Brazil where civilians are forbidden to go: it has up to 5 snakes per square meter (10 square feet).",
6076
        "Snakes used in snake charming performances respond to movement, not sound.",
6077
        "Snakes can be distinguished from legless lizards by their lack of eyelids and external ears.",
6078
        "Some snakes survive for up to two years without a meal.",
6079
        "The largest snake fossil ever discovered is called the Titanoboa. This creature lived 60 million years ago and would have been 15 meters (50 feet) long.",
6080
        "In Egyptian history, the snake occupies a primary role with the Nile cobra adorning the crown of the pharaoh in ancient times. It was worshipped as one of the gods and was also used for sinister purposes: murder of an adversary and ritual suicide (Cleopatra).",
6081
        "In Greek mythology snakes are often associated with deadly and dangerous antagonists, but this is not to say that snakes are symbolic of evil; in fact, snakes are a chthonic symbol, roughly translated as 'earthbound'.",
6082
        "Snakes are a part of Hindu worship. Most images of Lord Shiva depict snake around his neck.",
6083
        "In Christianity and Judaism, the snake makes its infamous appearance in the first book of the Bible when a serpent appears before the first couple Adam and Eve and tempts them with the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge.",
6084
        "While not commonly thought of as food in most cultures, in some cultures, the consumption of snakes is acceptable, or even considered a delicacy, prized for its alleged pharmaceutical effect of warming the heart.",
6085
        "The cytotoxic effect of snake venom is being researched as a potential treatment for cancers."
6086
    ],
6087
    "Snow Leopard": [
6088
        "Snow Leopards are one of the most beautiful and mystical wild cats.",
6089
        "Snow leopards are between 86 \u2013 125 cm (34 \u2013 50 inches) long \u2013 and that's not including the tail. Their tails are between 80 to 105 cm (31 \u2013 41 inches) long.",
6090
        "Snow leopards have long, thick fur, and their base color varies from smoky gray to yellowish tan, with whitish underparts. They have dark grey to black open rosettes on their bodies, with small spots of the same color on their heads and larger spots on their legs and tails.",
6091
        "Snow leopards have light green or gray eyes, unusual for big cats, who usually have yellow or gold eyes.",
6092
        "Snow leopards are very rare in most of their range, an estimated 3 thousands to 7 thousands snow leopards are left in the wild, with 600 \u2013 700 in zoos around the world.",
6093
        "Snow Leopards are an endangered species.",
6094
        "Snow leopards are found at altitudes between 3000 and 5 thousands meters (9 thousands and 17 thousands feet) in the high, rugged mountains of Central Asia including the Himalayan Mountains in the countries of Nepal, India, Pakistan, Mongolia, China Afghanistan and Russia.",
6095
        "Snow Leopards like steep, rocky terrain.",
6096
        "Snow Leopards a solitary animals meaning they like to live alone.",
6097
        "In the Summer months snow leopards will stay high up in the mountains, in the Winter months they will come down from the mountains and enter forests.",
6098
        "Snow leopards first reproduce at around 2 and a half years old. Usually 2 or 3 cubs are born in spring or early summer in a well-concealed den lined with the mother's fur.",
6099
        "Snow leopards can kill prey weighing as much as three times their own body weight. Snow leopards main prey are the ibex, blue sheep and Himalayan tahr. One blue sheep will provide a snow leopard with food for one week.",
6100
        "Snow leopards have wide, fur-covered paws that act as natural snowshoes. These help to distribute their weight over soft snow and protect the soles from the freezing cold.",
6101
        "Snow leopard's tails are thought to help them balance, but they also wrap them around themselves to keep warm.",
6102
        "Some snow leopards have been known to leap up to 9 meters (30 feet) \u2013 that's 6 times their body length.",
6103
        "Unlike other big cats \u2013 like lions and tigers \u2013 snow leopards can't roar. But they make other sounds such as growling, hissing and meowing."
6104
    ],
6105
    "Snowshoe": [
6106
        "The snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), also called the varying hare, or snowshoe rabbit, is a species of hare.",
6107
        "Snowshoe hares are found in North America.",
6108
        "The lifespan of the snowshoe hare is not very long; but some hares can live up to 5 years in the wild.",
6109
        "Snowshoe hares range in length from 40 to 51 cm (16 to 20 in), of which about 5 cm (2 in) is tail. They usually weigh between 1.4 and 1.5 kg (3 to 3.3 lbs).",
6110
        "The snowshoe hare's fur is rusty brown in the spring and summer, and white in the winter. It also always has a gray underbelly, and black on the tips and edges of its ears and tail.",
6111
        "The hind feet are heavily furred to protect it from freezing temperatures; and all four feet are large in proportion to body size, a snowshoe-like adaptation that enables the hare to travel over snow.",
6112
        "The snowshoe hare's ears are not as long as some other species of hares' ears.",
6113
        "Snowshoe hares are typically solitary, but they often live at high densities, and individuals share overlapping home ranges.",
6114
        "Snowshoe hares are also accomplished swimmers. They occasionally swim across small lakes and rivers, and they have been seen entering the water in order to avoid predators.",
6115
        "In summer, the snowshoe hare feeds on plants such as grass, ferns, and leaves; in winter, it eats twigs, the bark from trees, and buds from flowers and plants and, similar to the Arctic hare, has been known to occasionally eat dead animals.",
6116
        " Breeding season for snowshoe hares runs from mid-March through August. The snowshoe hare may have up to 4 litters in a year, which average 3 to 8 young.",
6117
        "Important predators of snowshoe hares include gray foxes, red foxes, coyotes, wolves, lynx, bobcats and mink.",
6118
        "Snowshoe hares exhibit enormous population fluctuations, peaking every 9-10 years. Numbers vary from approximately one hare per 50 hectares (125 acres) to upwards of 200 per hectare (2.5 acres)."
6119
    ],
6120
    "Snowshoe Hare": [
6121
        "The snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), also called the varying hare, or snowshoe rabbit, is a species of hare.",
6122
        "Snowshoe hares are found in North America.",
6123
        "The lifespan of the snowshoe hare is not very long; but some hares can live up to 5 years in the wild.",
6124
        "Snowshoe hares range in length from 40 to 51 cm (16 to 20 in), of which about 5 cm (2 in) is tail. They usually weigh between 1.4 and 1.5 kg (3 to 3.3 lbs).",
6125
        "The snowshoe hare's fur is rusty brown in the spring and summer, and white in the winter. It also always has a gray underbelly, and black on the tips and edges of its ears and tail.",
6126
        "The snowshoe hare's ears are not as long as some other species of hares' ears.",
6127
        "Snowshoe hares are typically solitary, but they often live at high densities, and individuals share overlapping home ranges.",
6128
        "Snowshoe hares are also accomplished swimmers. They occasionally swim across small lakes and rivers, and they have been seen entering the water in order to avoid predators.",
6129
        "In summer, the snowshoe hare feeds on plants such as grass, ferns, and leaves; in winter, it eats twigs, the bark from trees, and buds from flowers and plants and, similar to the Arctic hare, has been known to occasionally eat dead animals.",
6130
        " Breeding season for snowshoe hares runs from mid-March through August. The snowshoe hare may have up to 4 litters in a year, which average 3 to 8 young.",
6131
        "Important predators of snowshoe hares include gray foxes, red foxes, coyotes, wolves, lynx, bobcats and mink.",
6132
        "Snowshoe hares exhibit enormous population fluctuations, peaking every 9-10 years. Numbers vary from approximately one hare per 50 hectares (125 acres) to upwards of 200 per hectare (2.5 acres)."
6133
    ],
6134
    "Snowy Owl": [
6135
        "The ghost like snowy owl has unmistakable white plumage that echoes its Arctic origins.",
6136
        "Snowy Owl wingspan ranges from 1.3 to 1.5 m (4.2 to 4.8 ft) for adult birds.",
6137
        "Snowy owls life span in the wild is about 9.5 years.",
6138
        "The female snowy owl is slightly larger than the male of the species.",
6139
        "Snowy owl pairs usually mate for life. Female snowy owls lay from 3 to 11 eggs at a time. Unlike many birds, this owl prefers to nest on the ground.",
6140
        "The female snowy owl sits on her eggs until they hatch. The male feeds her while she keeps their eggs warm and safe. After about one month, the eggs hatch.",
6141
        "Snowy owls are diurnal, which means that unlike most other owls they are active and hunt during the day and night.",
6142
        "Snowy owls live in the Arctic regions of North America and Eurasia year-round. However, some only stay during breeding and nesting season and then migrate as far as southern states, like Georgia, in the United States. Some snowy owls also cross the Atlantic Ocean migrating between Russia and Canada.",
6143
        " Snowy owls predominantly exist in wide open places which are no dominated by trees.",
6144
        "Experts estimated the global snowy owl population at roughly 200 thousands to 300 thousands birds with nearly half in North America.",
6145
        "The feathers of snowy owls have no pigment, leaving more space for air which helps them to keep warmer because air is such a good insulator.",
6146
        "Although it can reach a speed of 80 km/h (50 mp/h), snowy owl is generally known for its silent flight than for its high speed.",
6147
        "The snowy owl is a patient hunter that perches and waits to identify its prey before soaring off in pursuit.",
6148
        "Snowy owls mainly eat mammals, ranging from small rodents to large hares. They are also known to eat birds ranging in size from small songbirds to medium-sized geese and lemmings. An adult owl may eat around three to five lemmings each day (1 thousands per year).",
6149
        "Although Snowy Owls have few predators, they still have to be watchful of arctic foxes, wolves and other animals during the nesting season.Males defend the nest by standing guard nearby while the female incubates the eggs and broods the young. When a predator approaches both parents will dive-bomb (even wolves!) and try to distract them away from the nest.",
6150
        "The snowy owl, who is the official bird of Quebec, Canada, is also known as the snow owl, great white owl and the arctic owl.",
6151
        "Snowy Owls often hang out at airports, perhaps because the wide open spaces remind them of the tundra."
6152
    ],
6153
    "Somali": [
6154
        "Somalia is a country located in the Horn of Africa.",
6155
        "The official name of the country is the Federal Republic of Somalia.",
6156
        "Somalia has two official languages: Somali and Arabic.",
6157
        "As of 1 January 2017, the population of Somalia was estimated to be 11 thousands thousands people.",
6158
        "Mogadishu is the capital and most populous city of Somalia. Located in the coastal Banaadir region on the Indian Ocean, the city has served as an important port for millennia.",
6159
        "The Cal Madow mountain range sits in the northeast, and contains the highest peak of Somalia \u2013 Shimbiris at 2 thousands meters (8 thousands feet).",
6160
        "Somalia has the longest coastline on Africa's mainland \u2013 3 thousands kilometers (1 thousands miles).",
6161
        "Somalia's reputation as a tourist destination with pristine beaches faded after the start of the civil war in 1991.",
6162
        "Somalia has 6 national parks.",
6163
        "The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Mogadishu is a monument erected in honour of the Somali men and women who died in defense of the Somali Republic. It's popularly known as Daljirka Dahsoon, and it is an important landmark in Mogadishu.",
6164
        "Somalia has been inhabited since at least the Paleolithic. During the Stone Age, the Doian and Hargeisan cultures flourished here.",
6165
        "Somalia was an important centre for commerce with the rest of the ancient world, and according to most scholars, it is among the most probable locations of the fabled ancient Land of Punt.",
6166
        "During the Middle Ages, several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade, including the Ajuran Sultanate, the Adal Sultanate, the Warsangali Sultanate, the Sultanate of the Geledi and the Majeerteen Sultanate.",
6167
        "In the late 19th century, through a succession of treaties with these kingdoms, the British and Italian empires gained control of parts of the coast and established the colonies of British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland.",
6168
        "Italian occupation lasted until 1941, yielding to British military administration. British Somaliland would remain a protectorate, while Italian Somaliland in 1949 became a United Nations Trusteeship under Italian administration, the Trust Territory of Somaliland.",
6169
        "In 1960, the two regions united to form the independent Somali Republic under a civilian government.",
6170
        "The Supreme Revolutionary Council seized power in 1969 and established the Somali Democratic Republic.",
6171
        "Led by Mohamed Siad Barre, this government later collapsed in 1991 as the Somali Civil War broke out.",
6172
        "For nearly two decades, Somalia was without any centralized power but was instead controlled by brutal and power-hungry warlords. Mogadishu became warlord central and thus was known as the most lawless city in the world.",
6173
        "In September of 2012, however, the country finally managed to hold a general election and a new president was instated. The road toward recovery looks set to be slow as warlords refuse to relinquish power and the former British protectorate, now known as Somaliland, has declared itself independent from the rest of the country.",
6174
        "Somalia is classified by the United Nations as a least developed country.",
6175
        "Despite experiencing two decades of civil war, the country has maintained an informal economy, based mainly on livestock, remittances from Somalis working abroad, and telecommunications.",
6176
        "According to the Central Bank of Somalia, about 80% of the population are nomadic or semi-nomadic pastoralists, who keep goats, sheep, camels and cattle. Somalia has the largest population of camels in the world.",
6177
        "Piracy off the coast of Somalia has been a threat to international shipping since the second phase of the Somali Civil War, around 2000, when foreign ships exploited the absence of an effective national coast guard by invading the fishing grounds and also dumping illegal waste that would further diminish the local catch. Fishing communities responded by forming armed groups to deter the invaders by hijacking commercial vessels. But this grew into a lucrative trade, with large ransom payments, and financial gain (piracy) was clearly the main motive."
6178
    ],
6179
    "Spectacled Bear": [
6180
        "The spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), also known as the Andean bear is the only bear species living in South America.",
6181
        "Spectacled bears inhabit a wide variety of habitats throughout their range. They are most commonly found in dense cloud forests where there is an abundance of food and shelter. They are also found in paramo, scrub forest and grasslands.",
6182
        "The average lifespan of the spectacled bear is about 20 years in the wild. The longest recorded lifespan of a spectacled bear was at the National Zoo in Washington D.C., where the bear lived to be 36 years, 8 months of age.",
6183
        "Spectacled bears are typically uniformly black in color, but reddish-brown individuals have been observed.",
6184
        "The common name \"spectacled bears\" comes from the white or cream markings on the face that create rings around the eyes; these lighter markings often extend down the chest, forming a bib-like patch of light fur. The lighter markings are highly variable, unique to each individual, and may be absent altogether.",
6185
        "The coat is of medium to long length. Spectacled bears have a short tail, about 7 cm (2.8 in) long, that is often completely hidden by the fur.",
6186
        "Spectacled bears have only 13 pairs of ribs, one less than other bears.",
6187
        "Spectacled bears are true arboreal bears, using their long, sharp front claws to climb and forage for food.",
6188
        "One of the more unique features of spectacled bears is their use of platforms or \"nests\" which the bears create in the understory of the trees that they browse in for fruit. These platforms are also used for sleeping.",
6189
        "Although spectacled bears are solitary and tend to isolate themselves from one another to avoid competition, they are not territorial. They have even been recorded to feed in small groups at abundant food sources.",
6190
        "Spectacled Bears are primarily herbivores but are generally classed as omnivores. They are more herbivorous than most other bears; normally about 5 to 7% of their diets is meat, usually rodents and insects.",
6191
        "The spectacled bear plays an important role in the ecology of the rain forest because they eat so much fruit. The seeds they eat are excreted in their droppings as the bears move around, spreading the seeds over long distances for the production of the next generation of fruit trees throughout the forest.",
6192
        "Because of their tropical native climate, spectacled bear do not hibernate and are active year-round.",
6193
        "Spectacled bears are the only bears found in South America. Since literature's Paddington Bear came from \"darkest Peru,\" he would have been an spectacled bear.",
6194
        "Colombian 50 pesos coin has an image of a spectacled bear on one side."
6195
    ],
6196
    "Sperm Whale": [
6197
        "Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) are the largest toothed whale species.",
6198
        "Sperm whales are found in all oceans. They prefer ice-free waters over 1 thousands meters (3 thousands ft) deep. Although both sexes range through temperate and tropical oceans and seas, only adult males populate higher latitudes.",
6199
        "The sperm whale has an average lifespan of 70 years.",
6200
        "The sperm whale is distinguished by its extremely large head, which takes up to 25 to 35% of its total body length.",
6201
        "Sperm whales are mostly dark gray, but oftentimes the interior of the mouth is bright white, and some whales have white patches on the belly.",
6202
        "The sperm whale's lower jaw is very narrow and underslung. The sperm whale has 18 to 26 teeth on each side of its lower jaw which fit into sockets in the upper jaw. The teeth are cone-shaped and weigh up to 1 kilogram (2.2 lb) each.",
6203
        "Sperm whales have the largest brain of any animal (on average 7.8 kilograms (17 pounds) in mature males), however, compared to their large body size, the brain is not exceptional in size.",
6204
        "Sperm whales make some of the longest dives achieved by mammals, with some lasting up to 90 minutes.",
6205
        "A Sperm Whale's normal cruising speed ranges somewhere around 5 to 15 km/h (3 to 9 mph). When they speed up they can swim at approximately 35 to 45 km/h (22 to 28 mph), maintaining that speed for about an hour.",
6206
        "Because sperm whales spend most of their time in deep waters, their diet consists of many larger organisms that also occupy deep waters of the ocean. Giant squid comprise about 80% of the sperm whale diet and the remaining 20% is comprised of octopus, fish, shrimp, crab and even small bottom-living sharks.",
6207
        "Sperm whales use echolocation mainly for navigation and hunting. Echolocation allows sperm whales to \"see\" by interpreting the echoes of sound waves that bounce off of objects near them in the water. It provides sperm whales a way to gather information about objects and prey around them including their range and configuration.",
6208
        "Sperm whales have disproportionately small eyes so it is thought that they do not see particularly well. In fact, blind sperm whales have been captured in perfect health with food in their stomachs. Instead of sight, sperm whales are thought to use echolocation to seek their prey and navigate the topography of their environment. Sperm whale hearing abilities are not well known.",
6209
        "For some time researchers have been aware that pods of sperm whales may sleep for short periods, assuming a vertical position with their heads just below or at the surface.",
6210
        "Sperm whales communicate through Morse-code-like patterns of clicks called \"codas,\" which are different than the echolocation clicks they emit to find prey. Geographically separate pods exhibit distinct dialects.",
6211
        "The sperm whale is the world's loudest animal: its communicative clicks have been measured at 230 decibels (dB).",
6212
        "How sperm whales choose mates has not been definitively determined. Males will fight with each other over females, and males will mate with multiple females, making them polygynous, but they do not dominate the group like a harem.",
6213
        "The most common natural predator of sperm whales is the orca, but pilot whales and false killer whales sometimes harass them. Orcas prey on target groups of females with young, usually making an effort to extract and kill a calf. The adults will protect their calves or an injured adult by encircling them.",
6214
        "The sperm whale was named for the valuable spermaceti oil (wax) that this whale produces in the spermaceti organ (located in its head). A sperm whale's spermaceti organ may contain as much as 1 thousands liters (500 gallons) of substance. Spermaceti was used chiefly in ointments, cosmetic creams, fine wax candles, pomades, and textile finishing; later it was used for industrial lubricants.",
6215
        "The sperm whale's ivory-like teeth were often sought by eighteenth- and nineteenth-century whalers, who used them to produce inked carvings known as scrimshaw.",
6216
        "Currently the Endangered Species Act and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), prevents the sales of or trade in sperm whale ivory harvested after 1973 or scrimshaw crafted from it.",
6217
        "Whaling fleets killed an estimated 1 million sperm whales between the 18th and 20th centuries.",
6218
        "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species lists the sperm whale as being \"Vulnerable.\"",
6219
        "The total number of sperm whales in the world is unknown, but is thought to be in the hundreds of thousands.",
6220
        "The White Whale hunted in Herman Melville's novel Moby Dick (1851) is presumably an albino sperm whale.",
6221
        "Sperm whales are not the easiest of whales to watch, due to their long dive times and ability to travel long distances underwater. However, due to the distinctive look and large size of the whale, watching is increasingly popular."
6222
    ],
6223
    "Squid": [
6224
        "Squids are marine cephalopods with eight arms and two long tentacles, typically able to change color.",
6225
        "The squid is one of the most highly developed invertebrates, well adapted to its active, predatory life.",
6226
        "There are more than 300 known species of squid out there that have been identified.",
6227
        "Squid are known to inhabit almost every major body of saltwater on the planet and even some bodies of freshwater. Many squid are adept at surviving in cold, oxygen-deprived waters deep below the surface.",
6228
        "The largest quantity of squid species are found throughout the North Atlantic Ocean. The North Pacific is also home to a variety of squid types.",
6229
        "Most of squid species will be found at least 300 meters (1 thousands feet) below the surface. The water is cooler there and they can be alone.",
6230
        "The lifespan is 6 months for the smaller squid and up to 5 years for the larger ones.",
6231
        "The smallest squid is the pygmy squid which can be less than 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) long while the largest is the colossal squid which can be up to 14 meters (46 feet) in length and weighing possibly up to 750 kg (1 thousands lb).",
6232
        "Squid have gills just like fish.",
6233
        "Squid have three hearts. Two branchial hearts feed the gills, each surrounding the larger systemic heart that pumps blood around the body.",
6234
        "Squid blood is blue, not red as in humans. This is because squid blood contains a copper-containing compound called haemocyanin. In humans the blood is red and contains the iron compound haemoglobin.",
6235
        "The skin is covered in chromatophores, which enable the squid to change color to suit its surroundings, making it practically invisible. The underside is also almost always lighter than the topside, to provide camouflage from both prey and predator.",
6236
        "A squid moves using a system of jet propulsion, pulling water into its mantle cavity, contracting the muscles of the mantle wall and expelling the water through its siphon or funnel. Its fins aid maneuverability and also help with lift and motion while the squid travels at slow speeds.",
6237
        "Squid are strong swimmers and certain species can \"fly\" for short distances out of the water.",
6238
        "Squid are able to reach 40 km/h (25 mph), making them the speediest marine invertebrates.",
6239
        "All squid have a sac of ink inside the mantle. The ink is a dark liquid and is expelled through the funnel. If the squid meets a predator, it shoots out a cloud of ink, which hides the squid so it can escape.",
6240
        "Squid and octopus have an intricate nervous system, more complex than other molluscs, and invertebrates in general.",
6241
        "Some species of squid are able to glow in the dark. Research shows this is due to them having bioluminescent organs.",
6242
        "Squid can hear, scientists have confirmed. But they don't detect the changes in pressure associated with sound waves, like we do. They have another, more primitive, technique for listening: They sense the motion generated by sound waves.",
6243
        "All squid are carnivores and eat mainly fish, shrimp, crabs and even other squid. They are ambush predators, often relying on stealth to sneak up on prey and capture it before it can escape.",
6244
        "Some squid species live in schools like fish and some are solitary.",
6245
        "When it is time for the mating to occur large groups of males and females come together at dawn and start swimming rapidly in large circles. After a while you can see two squids swimming together. These will be the ones starting the mating.",
6246
        "The squid's natural predators include birds, fish, sharks and whales.",
6247
        "Some species of squid have been found to live more than 4 thousands meters (13 thousands feet) deep in the water.",
6248
        "The giant squid have eyeballs that are the same size as a standard basketball.",
6249
        "Squid ink contains dopamine, a neurotransmitter that in human brains, produces the sensation of euphoria. It is not known what role it plays in squid and why it is in the ink.",
6250
        "The \"fire shooter squid\" formally known as Heteroteuthis Dispar, is squid that shoots out a cloud of light from bioluminescent photophores, to distract predators.",
6251
        "Neuroscientists in training learn the basics of neurosurgery by practicing on Loligo pealei squid. Their thick axon, thicker than any human nerves, is easier to start with.",
6252
        "Giant squid are featured in literature and folklore with a frightening connotation. The Kraken is a legendary tentacled monster possibly based on sightings of real giant squid.",
6253
        "Calamari is a culinary name for squid, especially for dishes from the Mediterranean, notably fried squid (fried calamari). There are many ways of preparing and cooking squid, with every country and region having its own recipes."
6254
    ],
6255
    "Squirrel": [
6256
        "Squirrels are agile, bushy-tailed rodents found all over the world.",
6257
        "Squirrels belong to a large family of small or medium-sized rodents called the Sciuridae.",
6258
        "The family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels, chipmunks, marmots (including woodchucks), flying squirrels, and prairie dogs.",
6259
        "There are about 285 species of squirrel worldwide.",
6260
        "Squirrels are indigenous to the Americas, Eurasia, and Africa.",
6261
        "Squirrels live on every continent except in Australia and Antarctica.",
6262
        "There are 3 basic groups of squirrels, with each group living within a certain type of habitat.",
6263
        "Tree squirrels live in woodlands and forests in both arid and humid environments. Tree squirrels are the types most commonly recognized, often seen gracefully scampering and leaping from branch to branch.",
6264
        "The last group, the ground squirrels, mostly occupies open land that includes grasslands and tundra. They dig burrows, a system of tunnels underground, to live in.",
6265
        "The smallest is the African pygmy squirrel at 7\u201310 centimeters (2.8\u20133.9 inches) in length and just 10 grams (0.35 ounce) in weight.",
6266
        "The largest (by length) is the Indian giant squirrel at 1 meter (39 inches) in length and weighs up to 2 kilograms (4.41 pounds).",
6267
        "Adult squirrels can have a lifespan of 5 to 10 years in the wild.",
6268
        "Ground and tree squirrels are typically diurnal or crepuscular, while flying squirrels tend to be nocturnal.",
6269
        "Squirrels are predominantly herbivorous. They eat mostly nuts, fruits, and seeds, but they sometimes eat insects, small birds, and other creatures.",
6270
        "The squirrel is an industrious fellow, known for thinking ahead and setting aside food caches to see him through the winter months. He works hard, foraging for food and transporting it for storage, often burying his finds underground to retrieve later in the winter. Tree squirrels and flying squirrels have to carry their food, but the ground squirrel has an advantage: he's the only squirrel with cheek pouches.",
6271
        "Squirrels are extremely intelligent creatures. They are known to put on elaborate bogus food burying displays to deceive onlookers. The fake burials are to trick potential thieves, such as other squirrels or birds, into thinking that they have stored their food stock there. Any observers planning on taking the stash will then focus on the bogus burial site, allowing the squirrel to bury the real stash elsewhere safely.",
6272
        "Squirrels don't dig up all of their buried nuts, which results in more trees!",
6273
        "Like other rodents, squirrels have four front teeth that never stop growing so they don't wear down from the constant gnawing.",
6274
        "As their large eyes indicate, in general squirrels have an excellent sense of vision, which is especially important for tree-dwelling species.",
6275
        "Squirrels communicate with each other through various vocalisations and scent marking. They also use their tails as a signalling device, twitching it when uneasy to alert other squirrels of potential danger.",
6276
        "Squirrels tend to run in erratic paths. This is intended to deceive potential predators as to its chosen direction so that it may escape.",
6277
        "There are many animals that hunt and eat squirrels. Some of the predators that eat squirrels include: badgers, bobcats, cats (feral), coyotes, eagles, falcons, foxes, hawks, lynx, owls, pine martins, raccoon, skunks, snakes, weasels, wolverines, and humans.",
6278
        "Squirrels breed once or twice a year and give birth to two to eight offspring after three to six weeks, depending on species.",
6279
        "Squirrels are very trusting animals, and are of the very few wild animal species which will eat out of a person's hand.",
6280
        "Some squirrel species can smell food buried underneath 30 centimeters (1 foot) of snow. They dig tunnels and follow the smell until, eureka! A treasure trove of snacks.",
6281
        "Flying squirrels can glide up to 90 meters (295 feet), making it look like they can fly.",
6282
        "The oldest squirrel fossil ever found is the Hesperopetes, which dates back to the late Eocene period. Among rodents, these were most closely related to the mountain beaver and the dormouse.",
6283
        "The squirrel is the Native American symbol for preparation, trust and thriftiness.",
6284
        "That word \"squirrel\", first attested in 1327, comes from the Anglo-Norman esquirel which is from the Old French escurel, the reflex of a Latin word sciurus. This Latin word was borrowed from the Ancient Greek word \u03c3\u03ba\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, skiouros, which means shadow-tailed, referring to the bushy appendage possessed by many of its members."
6285
    ],
6286
    "Starfish": [
6287
        "Starfish or sea star belongs to a large group of marine animals called echinoderms.",
6288
        "The lifespan of a starfish varies considerably between species. It ranges from 5 to 35 years.",
6289
        "They can vary widely in size, with the paddle-spined starfish as small as 1 centimeter (0.4 inch) wide and the Midgardia xandros topping 1.38 meters (4.5 feet) across.",
6290
        "Starfish have no brains and no blood. Their nervous system is spread through their arms and their \"blood\" is actually filtered sea water.",
6291
        "Although they are named \"starfish\", they are not related to fish at all. Starfish, like sea urchins and sand dollars, do not have backbones, which makes them part of a group called invertebrates.",
6292
        "While they can't see as well as we do, starfish have an eye spot at the end of each arm. This is a very simple eye that looks like a red spot. The eye doesn't see much detail, but can sense light and dark.",
6293
        "The underside of the starfish is covered with hundreds of tube feet, which it uses for walking around, for attaching tightly to rocks, and for holding on to prey. To move, each tube foot swings like a leg, lifting up and swinging forward, then planting itself on the ground and pushing back.",
6294
        "Starfish eat in a very strange way. The starfish's mouth is on the bottom of its body. The mouth is at the middle of the star. A starfish can push its stomach out through its mouth.",
6295
        "Although they are able to regenerate detached arms and some detached arms can grow into new starfish, most species reproduce by spreading and fertilizing eggs.",
6296
        "The female starfish is capable is releasing over 2 million eggs at any one time, although the average amount of eggs that the female starfish releases is closer to 1 million. This is important because small portion of the eggs survive to become adult starfish.",
6297
        "The eggs released by the female starfish are then fertilized by the male starfish and the fertilized eggs develop into larvae which are able to swim around. Starfish larvae [pic. below] swim for about three weeks before settling and beginning metamorphosis into the more common appearance of the starfish.",
6298
        "Starfish reproduction typically is heterosexual, but hermaphroditism (reproductive organs of both sexes in one animal) occurs.",
6299
        "Starfish can change their gender when it's convenient for them and can easily change back to their original sex.",
6300
        "Starfish, despite their crusty exteriors, are vulnerable to predators like crabs, sea otters, sharks, manta rays and other starfish.",
6301
        "Starfish aren't social creatures, but some species will congregate in large groups during certain times of the year to feed.",
6302
        "Common feature for all starfish is that their body is radially symmetrical (regular arrangement of body parts around a central axis) .",
6303
        "With their appealing symmetrical shape, starfish have played a part in literature, legend, design and popular culture.",
6304
        "With its multiple arms, the starfish provides a popular metaphor for computer networks, companies and software tools.",
6305
        "Starfish are sometimes eaten in China, Japan and in Micronesia.",
6306
        "The fossil record for starfish is ancient, dating back to the Ordovician around 450 million years ago, but it is rather poor, as starfish tend to disintegrate after death.",
6307
        "The starfish is today considered to be a threatened species of animal mainly due to habitat loss and pollution Swhich are drastically reducing the starfish populations."
6308
    ],
6309
    "Stick Insect": [
6310
        "Stick insects are insects well known for their camouflage.",
6311
        "Stick insects are also knwn as stick-bugs, walking sticks, bug sticks, phasmids, ghost insects and leaf insects.",
6312
        "There are about 3 thousands species of stick insects.",
6313
        "Stick insects are found in all continents except Antarctica. They are most numerous in the tropics and subtropics.",
6314
        "Over 300 species are known from the island of Borneo, making it the richest place in the world for stick insects.",
6315
        "Their natural range is very broad; they occur at high and low altitudes, in temperate and tropical temperatures and in dry or wet conditions. Stick insects generally live in trees and bushes, but some species live entirely on grassland.",
6316
        "Like any insect, stick insects have a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae.",
6317
        "Stick insects very in size from 1.5 centimeters (0.6 in) to about 60 centimeters (24 in) in length; males are typically much smaller than females.",
6318
        "In 2014 a new species of stick insect in southern China has been declared the world's longest insect. The 62.4-centimeter (24.6-inch) long creature beats the previous record holder, another stick insect discovered in 2008 (and named Phobaeticus chani or Chan's megastick) by nearly 6 centimeters (2.4 inches).",
6319
        "Stick insects generally mimic their surroundings in color, normally green or brown, although some may be black, gray, or even blue.",
6320
        "When camouflage is not enough, some stick insects use active forms of defense to handle predators. For example, the species Eurycantha calcarata can release an awful-smelling substance as a deterrent. Other species have brightly colored wings that are invisible when folded against their body; when they feel threatened, they flash open their wings, then immediately drop to the ground and again hide their wings.",
6321
        "Stick insects are mainly nocturnal creatures, spending much of their day motionless, hidden under plants, helping them avoid many predators.",
6322
        "Stick insects are herbivores meaning that the diet of the stick insect is purely a vegetarian one. Stick insects mainly feed on leaves and other green plants. Some are very specialized, feeding only upon a favored plant species. Others are generalists.",
6323
        "One of the most interesting facts about stick insects is their ability to reproduce parthenogenetically. This is a form of asexual reproduction where the unfertilized females produce eggs that hatch into females. If a male fertilizes the egg, it has a fifty-fifty chance of turning out male. If no males are around, the line continues with females only.",
6324
        "The lifespan of stick insects varies by species, but ranges from a few months to up to three years.",
6325
        "Stick insects, unfortunately for them, can provide a lot of nourishment to a handful of different predator types. Common predators for these insects include primates, spiders, rodents, reptiles and birds. Bats are also a prominent and serious predation threat for these insects.",
6326
        "Stick insects first appeared in the fossil record over 40 million years ago and they are related to cockroaches, praying mantises, and, more distantly, the grasshoppers and crickets.",
6327
        "Many stick insects are easy to care for, and make good pets. Almost 300 species have been reared in captivity. The most commonly kept is the Indian (or laboratory) stick insect, Carausius morosus, which eats vegetables such as lettuce.",
6328
        "Research has been conducted to analyze the stick insect method of walking and apply this to the engineering of six-legged walking robots. Instead of one centralized control system, it seems each leg of a phasmid operates independently."
6329
    ],
6330
    "Stingray": [
6331
        "Stingrays are flat-bodied rays noted for the long, sharp spines on their tails.",
6332
        "There are about 220 known stingray species organized into 10 families and 29 genera.",
6333
        "Stingrays are common in coastal tropical and subtropical marine waters throughout the world. There are species in warm temperate oceans, and some found in the ocean.",
6334
        "A stingray have lifespan between 15 and 25 years in the wild.",
6335
        "The river stingrays, and a number of whiptail stingrays (such as the Niger stingray), are restricted to fresh water.",
6336
        "Stingrays are disk-shaped and have flexible, tapering tails armed, in most species, with one or more saw-edged, venomous spines. Most stingrays have one or more barbed stings on the tail, which is used only for self defending.",
6337
        "Stingrays typically have mottled skin that looks similar to the colors found on the sea floor. Their colors differ based on species and where they typically live, ranging from a light sand color to a darker, spotted brown for more rocky areas.",
6338
        "Stingrays settle on the bottom while feeding, often leaving only their eyes and tail visible.",
6339
        "The flattened bodies of stingrays allow them to hide themselves. Stingrays agitate the sand and hide beneath it.",
6340
        "Because their eyes are on top of their bodies and their mouths on the undersides, stingrays cannot see their prey after capture; instead, they use smell and electroreceptors (ampullae of Lorenzini) similar to those of sharks.",
6341
        "Some stingrays' mouths contain two powerful, shell-crushing plates, while other species only have sucking mouth parts.",
6342
        "Stingrays feed on mollusks, worms, crustaceans, fish, clams, crabs, and shrimps.",
6343
        "When they are inclined to move, most stingrays swim by undulating their bodies like a wave; others flap their sides like wings.",
6344
        "Many stingrays like to live by themselves and only come together for breeding and migration.",
6345
        "Stingrays are ovoviviparous. This means they give birth to live young after developing and retaining the eggs inside their bodies. They have \"litters\" of 5 to 13 young.",
6346
        "Stingrays present a majestic view as they glide through the water, almost like they're flying. However, most species of stingray spend the majority of their time hiding from predators and waiting on feeding opportunities to present themselves. When they decide to go for a swim, they could become the next tasty meal of a variety of predators.",
6347
        "Stingray's predators include large fishes, especially sharks. Stingray spines have been found embedded in the mouths of many sharks. The great hammerhead Sphyrna mokarran, in particular, appears to specialize in eating stingrays. It uses its hammer head to knock a ray to the bottom, and then pins the ray, once again with its head, pivoting around to bite the ray's disc until the ray succumbs and can be eaten.",
6348
        "They lash their tails when stepped on, and large stingrays can exert enough force to drive their tail spines into a wooden boat. The spines cause serious, extremely painful wounds that, if abdominal, may result in death.",
6349
        "Rays are edible, and may be caught as food using fishing lines or spears. Stingray recipes abound throughout the world, with dried forms of the wings being most common.",
6350
        "Stingray species are progressively becoming threatened or vulnerable to extinction, particularly as the consequence of unregulated fishing.",
6351
        "In ancient Greece, venom was actually extracted from stingray spines for the purpose of being used as an anesthetic by dentists.",
6352
        "Several ethnological sections in museums, such as the British Museum, display arrowheads and spearheads made of stingray stingers, used in Micronesia and elsewhere.",
6353
        "Fossil records of stingrays date all the way back to the Jurassic era \u2013 150 million years ago."
6354
    ],
6355
    "Stoat": [
6356
        "The stoat (Mustela erminea), also known as the ermine and short-tailed weaselermine is a small mammal of the family Mustelidae.",
6357
        "Stoats are found in the north temperate regions of Eurasia and North America. In the New World, they range from east to west in a broad belt from the Arctic Ocean and adjacent islands of the Canadian Archipelago southward into the northern United States.",
6358
        "The average lifespan of a stoat is 1 to 2 years, and the maximum is 7 years.",
6359
        "In summer the stoat is brown, with a whitish throat, chest, and belly. In colder climates the winter coat is white, except for the black tail tip. In moderately cold climates the fur becomes only partly white.",
6360
        "The stoat's lithe, agile body allows it to move swiftly both above ground and through underground burrows.",
6361
        "Stoats are carnivores that hunt primarily at night. They eat mostly small rodents, and in particular mice, voles, and lemmings. Stoats will also eat squirrels, rabbits, insects, birds and their eggs, and sometimes fish, reptiles, amphibians, and invertebrates.",
6362
        "Stoats live alone and are territorial. They mate once a year and have several babies, which are called kits. The kits may not develop for 8-9 months after the female becomes pregnant. When weather conditions are good and there is plenty of food, the kits begin to grow and are born within a month.",
6363
        "Stoats are fierce and aggressive, although diminutive, animals. Potential predators are larger carnivores including red fox, gray fox, martens, fishers, badgers, raptors, and occasionally domestic cats.",
6364
        "The root word for \"stoat\" is likely either the Dutch word stout (\"naughty\") or the Gothic word \ud800\udf43\ud800\udf44\ud800\udf30\ud800\udf3f\ud800\udf44\ud800\udf30\ud800\udf3d (stautan, \"to push\").",
6365
        "The stoat is classed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as least concern, due to its wide circumpolar distribution, and because it does not face any significant threat to its survival.",
6366
        "In the late 19th century, stoats were introduced into New Zealand to control rabbits, where they have had a devastating effect on native bird populations.",
6367
        "In Irish mythology, stoats were viewed anthropomorphically as animals with families, which held rituals for their dead.",
6368
        "In the Zoroastrian religion, the stoat is considered a sacred animal, as its white winter coat represented purity.",
6369
        "Similarly, Mary Magdalene was depicted as wearing a white stoat pelt as a sign of her reformed character."
6370
    ],
6371
    "Sturgeon": [
6372
        "Sturgeon is the common name for the 27 species of fish belonging to the family Acipenseridae.",
6373
        "Sturgeons are mostly live in large, freshwater lakes and rivers but some species also travel to the ocean and return to rivers and lakes to breed.",
6374
        "Sturgeons are long-lived, late maturing fishes. Their average lifespan is 50 to 60 years, and their first spawn does not occur until they are around 15 to 20 years old.",
6375
        "Sturgeons ranging from 2 to 3.5 meters (7\u201312 feet) in length are common, and some species grow up to 5.5 meters (18 feet).",
6376
        "The largest sturgeon on record was a Beluga female captured in the Volga estuary in 1827, weighing 1 thousands kg (3 thousands lb) and 7.2 meters (24 ft) long.",
6377
        "Sturgeons have bony plates (scutes) covering the head and five longitudinal rows of similar plates along the body. The tail fin is heterocercal, the upper lobe being longer than the lower. Their mouths are positioned ventrally and have 4 barbels.",
6378
        "Most sturgeons are anadromous bottom-feeders which migrate upstream to spawn but spend most of their lives feeding in river deltas and estuaries.",
6379
        "Many sturgeon leap completely out of the water, usually making a loud splash which can be heard half a mile away on the surface and probably further under water. It is not known why they do this, but suggested functions include group communication to maintain group cohesion, catching airborne prey, courtship display, or to help shed eggs during spawning.",
6380
        "Sturgeons are valued for their flesh, eggs, and swim bladder. Their flesh is sold fresh, pickled, or smoked. Caviar consists of the eggs, which are stripped from ripe females who are subsequently released.",
6381
        "Almost all caviar is harvested from dead fish. Fishermen on the Caspian wait until the mature female sturgeon (which are at least 10 years old) are ready to migrate upstream and lay their eggs. Once caught, the sturgeon will be transferred to a large boat, where workers slit her open and remove her eggs. The caviar is cleaned to prevent spoilage and then packed up; the rest of the fish is sold for flesh.",
6382
        "The largest commercial sturgeon fisheries are in southern Russia, Ukraine, and Iran, though the industry is also carried on in the United States and western Europe.",
6383
        "Despite surviving on Earth for millions of years, sturgeon are now vulnerable to overfishing and interference in their natural habitat.",
6384
        "According to the IUCN, over 85% of sturgeon species are classified as at risk of extinction, making them more critically endangered than any other group of species.",
6385
        "In art, a sturgeon is the symbol on the coat of arms for Saint Amalberga of Temse."
6386
    ],
6387
    "Sugar Glider": [
6388
        "The sugar glider is a small, arboreal, possum that belongs to the marsupial family.",
6389
        "The sugar glider is found in wooded areas with open forest.",
6390
        "The lifespan for sugar gliders is from 10 to 12 years in the wild, and about 14 years in captivity.",
6391
        "The sugar glider has a squirrel-like body with a long, partially (weakly) prehensile tail.",
6392
        "The fur coat on the sugar glider is thick, soft, and is usually blue-grey \u2013 although some have been known to be yellow, tan or (rarely) albino. A black stripe is seen from its nose to midway on its back. Its belly, throat, and chest are cream in colour.",
6393
        "The sugar glider is characterised by its gliding membrane, known as the patagium, which extends from its forelegs to its hindlegs, one on each side of its body.",
6394
        "A sugar glider's glide can reach about 50 meters (165 feet).",
6395
        "For every 1.82 m (6 feet) travelled horizontally when gliding, sugar gliders fall 1 m (3 feet). Sugar gliders can steer by moving their limbs and adjusting the tension of their gliding membrane \u2013 for example, to turn left, a sugar glider will lower its left forearm below its right.",
6396
        "The sugar glider is nocturnal \u2013 its large eyes help it to see at night and its ears swivel to help locate prey in the dark. It shelter during the day in tree hollows lined with leafy twigs.",
6397
        "Sugar gliders are omnivorous. They are especially found of the sweet sap which can be found in the eucalyptus tree. Their diet also includes pollen, nectar, insects and their larvae, arachnids, and small vertebrates.",
6398
        "Sugar gliders can leap out to catch flying insects midair.",
6399
        "Sugar gliders are highly social animals. They live in family groups or colonies consisting of up to seven adults, plus the current season's young. Up to four age classes may exist within each group, although some sugar gliders are solitary, not belonging to a group. They engage in social grooming, which in addition to improving hygiene and health, helps bond the colony and establish group identity.",
6400
        "Sugar gliders usually give birth to 1-2 babies at a time. After birth, the tiny young (joeys) migrate to the pouch where they remain for 70-74 days, at which time they leave the pouch for good. Youngsters often leave their natal group by 10 to 12 months of age.",
6401
        "The sugar glider is not considered endangered, and its conservation rank is \"Least Concern\" on the IUCN Red List.",
6402
        "Around the world, the sugar glider is a popular domestic pet.",
6403
        "Sugar gliders are most popular as pets in the United States, where they are bred in large numbers. Moststates and cities allow sugar gliders as pets, with some exceptions.",
6404
        "Sugar gliders are one of five \"lesser gliding possum\" species."
6405
    ],
6406
    "Sun Bear": [
6407
        "The sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) is one of the rarest bear species in the world.",
6408
        "\"Dog-face bear,\" \"Malay bear,\" and \"honey bear\" are common nicknames for the sun bear.",
6409
        "Sun bears are found in the tropical rainforest of Southeast Asia ranging from northeastern India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam to southern Yunnan Province in China, and on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo in Indonesia.",
6410
        "The sun bear is, by nature, a long-living animal. The lifespan is about 25 years in the wild and up to 30 years in captivity.",
6411
        "Sun bears are active at night and are excellent and agile climbers. They sleep and sun bath in trees at heights from 2 to 7 m (6.5 to 23 ft).",
6412
        "In the Malay language, the sun bear is called basindo nan tenggil, which means \"he who likes to sit high.\"",
6413
        "Like other bear species, sun bears have a keen sense of smell, thought to be several thousand times better than that of humans. Bears tend to use their senses of smell and touch to find and manipulate food.",
6414
        "Sun bears are opportunistic omnivore, feeding primarily on termites, ants, beetle larvae, bee larvae and a large variety of fruit species, especially figs when available. Bees, beehives, and honey are important food items of sun bears. Other occasional food choices include small birds, lizards, rodents, and soft parts of palm trees.",
6415
        "During feeding, the sun bear can extend the exceptionally long tongue 20\u201325 cm (7.9\u20139.8 in) to extract insects and honey. Its front paws and long claws rip open trees in search of insects or sap. Strong jaws and teeth even help this bear open coconuts!",
6416
        "Sun bears probably use olfactory cues to find potential mates and use some vocalizations.",
6417
        "During time of mating, the sun bear shows behaviours such as hugging, mock fighting, and head bobbing with its mate.",
6418
        "Sun bears are known as very fierce animals when surprised in the forest.",
6419
        "The main predator of sun bears throughout its range by far is man.",
6420
        "Tigers, leopards and clouded leopards are potential predators, although the clouded leopard could be too small to kill an adult sun bear.",
6421
        "A wild female sun bear was swallowed by a large reticulated python in a lowland dipterocarp forest in East Kalimantan. The python possibly had come across the sleeping bear.",
6422
        "Sun bears are considered a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due mainly to habitat loss from farming and logging, and poaching (both for meat and use in medicines).",
6423
        "Killing of sun bears is strictly prohibited under national wildlife protection laws throughout their range. However, little enforcement of these laws occurs"
6424
    ],
6425
    "Swan": [
6426
        "Swans are birds of the family Anatidae within the genus Cygnus.",
6427
        "There are six to seven species of swan called the Black-necked Swan, Black Swan, Mute Swan, Trumpeter Swan, Tundra swan which includes the Bewick's Swan and Whistling Swan, and the Whooper Swan. In addition there is another species known as the coscoroba swan, although this species is no longer considered one of the true swans.",
6428
        "The swans are close relatives with geese and ducks.",
6429
        "Often seen gliding across lakes, the swan has long represented elegance and refinement.",
6430
        "The swans are the largest members of the waterfowl family Anatidae, and are among the largest flying birds.",
6431
        "The largest species, including the mute swan, trumpeter swan, and whooper swan, can reach a length of over 1.5 meters (59 inches) and weigh over 15 kilograms (33 pounds). Their wingspans can be over 3.1 meters (10 feet).",
6432
        "The swan is found on both sides of the Equator across the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The northern swan is generally white in color with an orange beak and the southern swan tends to be a mixture of white and black in color with red, orange or black beaks.",
6433
        "Swans live in the following habitats: flooded grassland, lakes and ponds, rivers and streams and wetlands.",
6434
        "The swans are generally found in temperate environments, rarely occurring in the tropics.",
6435
        "Swans are herbivores. Swans feed primarily on aquatic vegetation, with their long necks allowing them to feed on plants growing on river beds. They also eat small creatures such as molluscs that cling to the vegetation, and small fish, frogs and worms. Swans also will graze in fields, eating grass if it is available.",
6436
        "Several species are migratory or partly migratory, while some populations are resident.The Mute Swan is a partial migrant, being resident over areas of Western Europe but wholly migratory in Eastern Europe and Asia. The Whooper Swans, Tundra Swans and the Trumpeter Swans are fully migratory. Evidence suggests that the Black-necked Swan is migratory over part of its range.",
6437
        "Swans usually mate for life, though \"divorce\" does sometimes occur, particularly following nesting failure, and if a mate dies, the remaining swan will take up with another.",
6438
        "Bonded pairs tend to remain together year-round; however, outside the breeding season, they are highly social and often congregate with large numbers of other swans. During the breeding season, pairs will, however, aggressively defend their territories.",
6439
        "Swans build their nests on land out of twigs and leaves, and the female swan lays between 3 and 9 eggs. The baby swans hatch out of their eggs after an incubation of just over a month.",
6440
        "Swans couple will guard their baby swans furiously from predators or any animal that she believes is a threat. After swans scare off threat, they flap their wings and call to each other in celebration \u2013 sort of like a swan high-five!",
6441
        "A juvenile swan normally lives as part of a flock until it is about 4 years old and deemed as being an adult. It then seeks out a mate, most commonly from the flock it's living in, and heads off with the mate to find their own mating territory.",
6442
        "A male swan is called a cob, and a female swan is called a pen. A baby swan is called a cygnet and a group of swans is called a bevy or a wedge in flight.",
6443
        "Due to their large size, swans have few natural predators in the wild. The swan's main predator is the human who hunts the swan for it's meat and it's feathers. Other predators of the swan include wolves, raccoons and foxes they prey both on the swan itself but also on it's eggs.",
6444
        "Before European explorers had reached Australia, it was believed that all swans were white. Dutch mariner, Antounie Caen, was the first to be amazed at the sight of Australia's Black swans on the Shark Bay in 1636.",
6445
        "The swan song is a metaphorical phrase for a final gesture, effort, or performance given just before death or retirement. The phrase refers to an ancient belief that swans sing a beautiful song in the moment just before death, having been silent (or alternatively, not so musical) during most of their lifetime.",
6446
        "The swan has about 25 thousands feathers in its body.",
6447
        "Swans fly in a V-shaped formation when flying in groups.",
6448
        "Traditionally, the British Monarch retains the right to ownership of all unmarked mute swans in open water, but only exercises ownership on certain stretches of the River Thames and its surrounding tributaries.",
6449
        "Cygnophobia or kiknophobia is the fear of swans."
6450
    ],
6451
    "Tapir": [
6452
        "A tapir is a large, herbivorous mammal, similar in shape to a pig, with a short, prehensile snout.",
6453
        "There are five species of tapir: the Brazilian tapir, the Malayan tapir, the Baird's tapir, the kabomani tapir, and the mountain tapir.",
6454
        "Adaptable to different habitats, tapirs may be found in swamps, forests, savanna, and rainforests.",
6455
        "All tapirs prefer wooded or grassy areas with places to shelter during the day and a lake, river, or pond for taking a nighttime dip.",
6456
        "The natural lifespan of a tapir is approximately 25 to 30 years, both in the wild and in zoos.",
6457
        "The Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus) is the largest species of tapir; it is from 1.8 and 2.5 meters (5 ft 11 in and 8 ft 2 in) in length; 90 to 110 centimeters (2 ft 11 in to 3 ft 7 in) in shoulder height; and weight between 250 and 320 kilograms (550 and 710 pounds).",
6458
        "The kabomani tapir (Tapirus kabomani) is the smallest species of tapir; it is roughly 130 centimeters (51 inches) long; 90 centimeters (35 inches) in shoulder height; and weight about 110 kilograms (240 pounds).",
6459
        "Male tapirs are slightly smaller than females.",
6460
        "Their coats are short and range in color from reddish-brown, to grey, to nearly black, with the notable exceptions of the Malayan tapir, which has a white, saddle-shaped marking on its back, and the mountain tapir, which has longer, woolly fur.",
6461
        "All tapirs have oval, white-tipped ears, rounded, protruding rumps with stubby tails, and splayed, hooved toes, with four toes on the front feet and three on the hind feet, which help them to walk on muddy and soft ground.",
6462
        "The tapir's nose and upper lip combine into a flexible snout like an elephant's trunk. They use it to grab leaves from the nearby branches, pick up the fruit from the ground or to find aquatic plant on the bottom of the water.",
6463
        "When frightened, tapirs can take to the water and breathe with their snout poked above the surface like a snorkel.",
6464
        "The snout also adds an air of mystery to the tapir\u2014at first glance, it's hard to tell just what this creature is!",
6465
        "Tapirs are surprisingly nimble and are excellent at scrambling up steep riverbanks. They can also run and swim. It is thought they walk along river bottoms, much like hippos do.",
6466
        "Tapirs can run fairly quickly with the top speed of 48 kilometers (30 miles) per hour.",
6467
        "The tapir is a herbivore and spends it's time browsing for food to eat. The tapir eats leaves, twigs, branches, buds, shoots, berries, fruits and aquatic plants.",
6468
        "Tapirs are known to eat up to 34 kilograms (75 pounds) of food per day.",
6469
        "The tapir has an excellent sense of smell and hearing, but does not have very good sight.",
6470
        "Tapirs are nocturnal and crepuscular animals except the Mountain Tapir which is more diurnal, active during the day.",
6471
        "Apart from mothers and their young offspring, tapirs lead almost exclusively solitary lives.",
6472
        "After a gestation period of 13 months, the female tapir gives birth to a single tapir baby (twins are rare), called a calf.",
6473
        "Even though there are differences in habitat and geography, all tapir calves look like brown- and beige-striped watermelons on legs. The pattern is good for camouflage, but they lose the stripes as they get older.",
6474
        "Young tapirs nurse as long as the mother provides milk or until she is ready to have another offspring.",
6475
        "Adult tapirs are large enough to have few natural predators, and the thick skin on the backs of their necks helps to protect them from threats such as jaguars, pumas, crocodiles, anacondas, and tigers.",
6476
        "The four species that have been evaluated (the Brazilian, Malayan, Baird's and mountain tapir) are all classified as endangered or vulnerable.",
6477
        "Tapirs are among the most primitive large mammals in the world today. They've been around for 20 million years and have changed very little.",
6478
        "The first fossil record of tapirs is found from the Early Oligocene period (65.5 million to 23 million years ago). Fossils of tapir ancestors have been found on every continent except Antarctica. Tapirs even lived in Southern California about 10 thousands years ago.",
6479
        "The word tapir, translated from a Brazilian Indian language, means \"thick,\" referring to the animal's tough hide.",
6480
        "In Indonesia, the word \"badak\" refers to both rhinos and tapirs.",
6481
        "In Thailand, \"P'som-sett\" is the name for tapir and it means \"mixture is finished.\" This refers to the belief that the tapir was created from leftover parts of other animals.",
6482
        "In Chinese, Korean and Japanese, the tapir is named after a beast from Chinese mythology, known in Japanese mythology as the Baku (spirit).",
6483
        "In the prehistoric sequences of the science fiction film 2001: A Space Odyssey, tapirs appear alongside primitive hominids in Africa.",
6484
        "World Tapir Day is held each year on 27 April."
6485
    ],
6486
    "Tasmanian Devil": [
6487
        "The fascinating Tasmanian devil is a carnivorous, semi-nocturnal creature, whose aggressive nature and wild hissing, growling and screaming earned it the name.",
6488
        "Tasmanian devils live in Tasmania, a large island just south of Australia. In fact, Tasmania is the only place where they are found in the wild.",
6489
        "Though Tasmanian devils can live anywhere on the island, they prefer coastal scrublands and forests.",
6490
        "Tasmanian devils' life span in the wild is about seven to eight years.",
6491
        "The Tasmanian devil is a marsupial, related to koalas and kangaroos.",
6492
        "Body of Tasmanian devil is covered with black fur, with white patches on the chest, shoulders and rump. Tasmanian devil has large head and very strong jaw.",
6493
        "Tasmanian devil has one of the strongest bites in the animal world; 84 kilogram per square centimeter (1200 pounds per square inch), which means that it can bite through the metal trap.",
6494
        "Tasmanian devils can take prey up to the size of a small kangaroo, but in practice they are opportunistic and eat carrion more often than they hunt live prey.",
6495
        "When Tasmanian devils do prey, they hunt mainly small animals, including birds, lizards, insects and other marsupials, such as wallabies.",
6496
        "Tasmanian devils store extra fat in their tails.",
6497
        "Curious and energetic, Tasmanian devils travel long distances each night in their pursuit of food, sometimes covering as much as 16 kilometers (10 miles).",
6498
        "During the day, Tasmanian devils find shelter under stones, in caves, bushes, old wombat burrows, or hollow logs.",
6499
        "Tasmanian devils are not very fast runners (they can reach only 13 kilometer per hour (8 miles per hour)), but they can run extended period of time (one hour without resting). Also, they are excellent climbers and swimmers.",
6500
        "Tasmanian devils' breeding season lasts from March to May. Tasmanian devil mothers have a a gestation period of three weeks.",
6501
        "Like all marsupials, Tasmanian devil mothers give birth to very tiny young (about the size of a raisin). Once born, the babies called imps crawl up the mother's fur and into her pouch.",
6502
        "Threats to Tasmanian devils include attacks by domestic dogs and foxes, being hit by cars, loss of habitat, and disease.",
6503
        "In the 1990s, the total Tasmanian devil population was estimated at 130 thousands to 150 thousands. However, the population has been in continual rapid decline since then.",
6504
        "Tragically, since the mid-1990s, a catastrophic disease has killed thousands of Tasmanian devils. Called devil facial tumor disease (DFTD), this fatal condition is a rare contagious cancer that causes lumps to form around the animal's mouth and head, making it hard for it to eat. Scientists are working hard to find a way to stop the spread of DFTD before it wipes the species out.",
6505
        "According to an assessment made in 2008, when the Tasmanian devil was put on the red list of endangered species, there are about 10 thousands to 25 thousands mature Tasmanian devils left in the wild.",
6506
        "The Tasmanian devil is probably best known internationally as the inspiration for cartoon character the Tasmanian Devil, or \"Taz\". He featured in the Warner Bros. \"Looney Tunes\" and \"Merrie Melodies\" series of cartoons. Though the character appeared in only five shorts before Warner Bros. Cartoons closed down in 1964, marketing and television appearances later propelled the character to new popularity in the 1990s."
6507
    ],
6508
    "Tawny Owl": [
6509
        "Tawny owls or brown owls are a species of owl with the scientific name Strix aluco.",
6510
        "Tawny owls live in open, deciduous, or mixed forest or woodland, agricultural areas with trees, parks, and large gardens, preferring locations with access to water.",
6511
        "The typical lifespan of the tawny owl in the wild is 4 years. The oldest wild tawny owl ever recorded lived 21 years and 5 months. Captive birds can live over 27 years.",
6512
        "The tawny owl a stocky, medium-sized owl; from 37 to 46 cm (15 to 18 in) in length, with an 81 to 105 cm (32\u201341 in) wingspan. Weight can range from 385 to 800 g (0.85 to 1.76 lb).",
6513
        "Tawny owls have large, rounded heads with no ear tufts. The facial discs are usually plain, with pale whitish crown-stripes or extra \"eyebrows\" that add to the owl's kindly expression.",
6514
        "Hearing is important for a nocturnal bird of prey, and as with other owls, the tawny owl's two ear openings differ in structure and are asymmetrically placed to improve directional hearing.",
6515
        "Tawny owls are stocky birds with rounded wings designed for gliding and use of fewer wing beats.",
6516
        "Tawny owls very agile birds, able to maneuver around trees and obstacles in almost complete silence.",
6517
        "The tawny owl hunts almost entirely at night, watching from a perch before dropping or gliding silently down to its victim, but very occasionally it will hunt in daylight when it has young to feed. This species takes a wide range of prey, mainly woodland rodents, but also other mammals up to the size of a young rabbit, and birds, earthworms and beetles.",
6518
        "Tawny owls are highly vocal, giving a variety of calls, the most distinctive of which is the 'to-woo' hoot used to announce ownership of their territory.",
6519
        "Tawny owls pair off from the age of one year, and stay together in a usually monogamous relationship for life.",
6520
        "The tawny owl typically nests in a hole in a tree, but will also use old European magpie nests, squirrel drey or holes in buildings, and readily takes to nest boxes. The typical clutch of two or three glossy white eggs is incubated by the female alone for 30 days to hatching, and the altricial, downy chicks fledge in a further 35\u201339 days. The young usually leave the nest up to ten days before fledging, and hide on nearby branches. The parents care for young birds for two or three months after they fledge.",
6521
        "Predators of the tawny owl include large birds such as Ural owls, eagle owls, northern goshawks, golden eagles, and common buzzards.",
6522
        "There are 11 known subspecies of tawny owls."
6523
    ],
6524
    "Tiffany": [
6525
        "Tiffany & Co. better known as Tiffany or Tiffany's is an American luxury jewelry and specialty retailer headquartered in New York City.",
6526
        "Founded in 1837 by Charles Lewis Tiffany and John B. Young in Brooklyn, as a \"stationery and fancy goods emporium\", the store initially sold a wide variety of stationery items, and operated as \"Tiffany, Young and Ellis\" at 259 Broadway in Lower Manhattan.",
6527
        "By 1839, Tiffany added glassware, cutlery, porcelain, and clocks to the company's line of products.",
6528
        "The first Tiffany mail order catalog, known as the \"Blue Book,\" was published in 1845 in the United States (US), and publishing of the catalog continues in the 21st century.",
6529
        "The name was shortened from Tiffany, Young and Ellis to Tiffany & Company in 1853, when Tiffany's partners, Young and Ellis, retired and Charles Tiffany took control and established the firm's emphasis on jewelry.",
6530
        "In support of the Union forces during the ensuing Civil War, Tiffany manufactured patriotic items, including flags, medals, surgical implements, and swords, and he allowed his store to serve as a depot for military supplies.",
6531
        "Charles Tiffany continued to enhance his company's reputation by acquiring the 128.54 carat fancy yellow Tiffany Diamond in 1878, one of the largest diamonds of its kind in the world.",
6532
        "The company became even more famous in the early 20th century under the artistic direction of Louis Comfort Tiffany [Photo below] the son of the founder Charles Lewis Tiffany.",
6533
        "In 1902, Louis Comfort Tiffany became the first Design Director for Tiffany & Co.",
6534
        "Louis Comfort Tiffany worked in the decorative arts and is best known for his work in stained glass. He was a leading proponent of art nouveau in America, taking themes from nature (emphasizing American flowers as well as animal and insect life) and rendering them in jewelry and glass.",
6535
        "Louis Tiffany's hand-blown Favrile glass vases and bowls, his stained glass mosaics and lamps, his exuberant use of color combinations and innovative techniques were heralded in his day. Due to the growing trend of modernism, however, interest waned in Louis Tiffany's style and by his death in 1933, Tiffany & Co. had entered a period of stalled artistic innovation.",
6536
        "Tiffany's so-called second Golden Age commenced under the management of Walter Hoving in 1955. He hired Jean Schlumberger, whose imaginative designs uniquely combined gems in highly detailed designs.",
6537
        "Over the years, Tiffany & Co. has introduced the world to a marvelous selection of previously unknown colored gemstones. Among these natural treasures are kunzite, morganite, tsavorite, and tanzanite, named in the honor of illustrious people in Tiffany's history or the stones' countries of origin.",
6538
        "Tiffany unveiled tanzanite [Photo below] in 1968, a mere year after its discovery, and named the gem after Tanzania, its birthplace and the only known source. The company promoted tanzanite with advertisements that lamented that tanzanite could only be found in two places in the world: \"in Tanzania and Tiffany's.\"",
6539
        "Today, Tiffany & Co.'s main product lines are fine jewelry, timepieces, sterling silver goods, crystal, china, writing instruments, fragrances, and personal accessories.",
6540
        "Tiffany & Co. operates a total 320 stores around the world.",
6541
        "Tiffany & Co. has revenue of $4 billion per year.",
6542
        "Tiffany is arguably the world's most iconic jewelry brand.",
6543
        "Tiffany glass refers to the many and varied types of glass developed and produced from 1878 to 1933 at the Tiffany Studios in New York, by Louis Comfort Tiffany and a team of other designers, including Frederick Wilson and Clara Driscoll.",
6544
        "The 4-meter (13-foot) clock in front of the Grand Central fa\u00e7ade facing 42nd Street contains the world's largest example of Tiffany glass.",
6545
        "Tiffany & Co is the maker of the Vince Lombardi Trophy, made for the winner of the NFL team that wins the Super Bowl that year.",
6546
        "Since 1977, Tiffany & Co. manufactures Larry O' Brien Trophy, the trophy that is given to the winner of the NBA Finals.",
6547
        "Tiffany & Co made the 2010 and 2012 World Series rings for the San Francisco Giants."
6548
    ],
6549
    "Tiger": [
6550
        "The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) is the world's most dangerous shark, after the great white.",
6551
        "Tiger sharks belong to one of the most popular shark families: the requiem sharks; and is the only extant member of the genus Galeocerdo.",
6552
        "They get their name from the dark stripes which resemble a tiger's pattern seen mainly in juveniles. As these sharks mature, the lines begin to fade and almost disappear.",
6553
        "The tiger shark is often found close to the coast, mainly in tropical and subtropical waters throughout the world.",
6554
        "The tiger shark ranks in average size only behind the whale shark (Rhincodon typus), the basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus), and the great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias).",
6555
        "Tiger sharks are from 3.52 to 4.25 meters (10 ft 8 in to 13 ft 11 in) in length and weight between 385 and 635 kilograms (849 and 1400 pounds). The female is usually larger than the male.",
6556
        "Even larger specimens have been reported, but are considered as unconfirmed. Some papers have accepted a record of an exceptional 7.4 m (24 ft 3 in) length for a tiger shark, but since this is far larger than any scientifically observed specimen, verification would be needed.",
6557
        "Tiger sharks are strongly built sharks with two dorsal fins, a pair of pelvic fins, an anal fin, a caudal fin and five gill slits.",
6558
        "The tiger sharks head is somewhat wedge-shaped, which makes it easy for the shark to turn quickly to one side.",
6559
        "Tiger sharks have a strong sense of smell and sharp eyesight, making them excellent hunters.",
6560
        "Tiger sharks have big sharp teeth that can rip through nearly anything, including turtle shells. Their jaws house rows of 24 almost identical teeth that are shaped like circular saws, with curved cusps and finely serrated edges. The upper and lower teeth are similar in shape and size, and decrease in size from the front to the back of the mouth. Like most sharks, its teeth are continually replaced by rows of new teeth throughout the sharks life.",
6561
        "Tiger sharks have large eyes that can easily adapt to low light levels, allowing them to hunt at night and at depth. Tiger sharks also have the typical \"Groundshark\" feature of nictitating membranes (third eyelids), which roll down to protect their eyes when attacking.",
6562
        "Tiger sharks also have a sensory organ called a lateral line which extends on their flanks down most of the length of their sides. The primary role of this structure is to detect minute vibrations in the water. These adaptations allow the tiger shark to hunt in darkness and detect hidden prey.",
6563
        "The tiger shark is a solitary, mostly nocturnal hunter, and is notable for having the widest food spectrum of all sharks, consuming a variety of prey ranging from crustaceans, fish, seals, birds, squid, sea turtles, and sea snakes to dolphins and even other smaller sharks; you may only see a group of these sharks when there's a large amount of food nearby.",
6564
        "Odd items found in a tiger shark's stomach include a chicken coop, a bag of money, a camera, boat cushions, a tom-tom drum, a tire, barrels, license plates, overcoats, boots, explosives, an entire horse head, a bulldog, a porcupine, hyenas, monkeys, deer antlers, a bag of potatoes...",
6565
        "Tiger sharks are among the largest predators in our oceans, yet their movements and migration patterns have largely remained a mystery. Some of the 24 sharks tracked using satellite tags travelled over 7 thousands kilometers (4 thousands miles) each year in a round trip to winter in the Caribbean's coral reefs and spent the summer in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, with some reaching as far north as Connecticut, US.",
6566
        "Certain tiger sharks have been recorded at depths of almost 900 meters (3 thousands feet), but some sources claim they move into shallow water normally thought to be too shallow for a species of its size.",
6567
        "The tiger shark is the only species in its family that is ovoviviparous; its eggs hatch internally and the young are born live when fully developed. The young develop inside the mother's body up to 16 months. Litters range from 10 to 80 pups. A newborn is generally 51 to 76 cm (20 to 30 in) long.",
6568
        "The lifespan of the tiger shark is unknown.",
6569
        "While the tiger shark sits atop the food chain as an apex predator, killer whales have been known on rare occasion to prey on them.",
6570
        "The tiger shark is the species responsible for the second highest number of recorded shark attacks on humans, behind the great white shark.",
6571
        "Tiger sharks have a near completely undiscerning palate, and are not likely to swim away after biting a human, as great whites frequently do.",
6572
        "The World Conservation Union (IUCN) lists them as \"Near Threatened,\" meaning tiger sharks are likely to become endangered in the near future if fishing pressure continues.",
6573
        "In Hawaiian culture, the tiger shark is not only considered sacred, but legend has it that its eyeballs have special powers.",
6574
        "Legend suggests that the chiefs would acquire premonitions of future events by consuming the eyes of the tiger shark.",
6575
        "It's said that the mother of the famous King Kamehameha (founder and first ruler of the Kingdom of Hawaii), asked for the eyes of the tiger shark during her pregnancy because they wanted to enhance the leadership qualities of the future king she carried."
6576
    ],
6577
    "Tiger Shark": [
6578
        "The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) is the world's most dangerous shark, after the great white.",
6579
        "Tiger sharks belong to one of the most popular shark families: the requiem sharks; and is the only extant member of the genus Galeocerdo.",
6580
        "The tiger shark is often found close to the coast, mainly in tropical and subtropical waters throughout the world.",
6581
        "The tiger shark ranks in average size only behind the whale shark (Rhincodon typus), the basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus), and the great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias).",
6582
        "Tiger sharks are from 3.52 to 4.25 meters (10 ft 8 in to 13 ft 11 in) in length and weight between 385 and 635 kilograms (849 and 1400 pounds). The female is usually larger than the male.",
6583
        "Even larger specimens have been reported, but are considered as unconfirmed. Some papers have accepted a record of an exceptional 7.4 m (24 ft 3 in) length for a tiger shark, but since this is far larger than any scientifically observed specimen, verification would be needed.",
6584
        "Tiger sharks are strongly built sharks with two dorsal fins, a pair of pelvic fins, an anal fin, a caudal fin and five gill slits.",
6585
        "The tiger sharks head is somewhat wedge-shaped, which makes it easy for the shark to turn quickly to one side.",
6586
        "Tiger sharks have a strong sense of smell and sharp eyesight, making them excellent hunters.",
6587
        "Tiger sharks have big sharp teeth that can rip through nearly anything, including turtle shells. Their jaws house rows of 24 almost identical teeth that are shaped like circular saws, with curved cusps and finely serrated edges. The upper and lower teeth are similar in shape and size, and decrease in size from the front to the back of the mouth. Like most sharks, its teeth are continually replaced by rows of new teeth throughout the sharks life.",
6588
        "Tiger sharks have large eyes that can easily adapt to low light levels, allowing them to hunt at night and at depth. Tiger sharks also have the typical \"Groundshark\" feature of nictitating membranes (third eyelids), which roll down to protect their eyes when attacking.",
6589
        "Tiger sharks also have a sensory organ called a lateral line which extends on their flanks down most of the length of their sides. The primary role of this structure is to detect minute vibrations in the water. These adaptations allow the tiger shark to hunt in darkness and detect hidden prey.",
6590
        "The tiger shark is a solitary, mostly nocturnal hunter, and is notable for having the widest food spectrum of all sharks, consuming a variety of prey ranging from crustaceans, fish, seals, birds, squid, sea turtles, and sea snakes to dolphins and even other smaller sharks; you may only see a group of these sharks when there's a large amount of food nearby.",
6591
        "Odd items found in a tiger shark's stomach include a chicken coop, a bag of money, a camera, boat cushions, a tom-tom drum, a tire, barrels, license plates, overcoats, boots, explosives, an entire horse head, a bulldog, a porcupine, hyenas, monkeys, deer antlers, a bag of potatoes...",
6592
        "Tiger sharks are among the largest predators in our oceans, yet their movements and migration patterns have largely remained a mystery. Some of the 24 sharks tracked using satellite tags travelled over 7 thousands kilometers (4 thousands miles) each year in a round trip to winter in the Caribbean's coral reefs and spent the summer in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, with some reaching as far north as Connecticut, US.",
6593
        "Certain tiger sharks have been recorded at depths of almost 900 meters (3 thousands feet), but some sources claim they move into shallow water normally thought to be too shallow for a species of its size.",
6594
        "The tiger shark is the only species in its family that is ovoviviparous; its eggs hatch internally and the young are born live when fully developed. The young develop inside the mother's body up to 16 months. Litters range from 10 to 80 pups. A newborn is generally 51 to 76 cm (20 to 30 in) long.",
6595
        "The lifespan of the tiger shark is unknown.",
6596
        "While the tiger shark sits atop the food chain as an apex predator, killer whales have been known on rare occasion to prey on them.",
6597
        "The tiger shark is the species responsible for the second highest number of recorded shark attacks on humans, behind the great white shark.",
6598
        "Tiger sharks have a near completely undiscerning palate, and are not likely to swim away after biting a human, as great whites frequently do.",
6599
        "The World Conservation Union (IUCN) lists them as \"Near Threatened,\" meaning tiger sharks are likely to become endangered in the near future if fishing pressure continues.",
6600
        "In Hawaiian culture, the tiger shark is not only considered sacred, but legend has it that its eyeballs have special powers.",
6601
        "Legend suggests that the chiefs would acquire premonitions of future events by consuming the eyes of the tiger shark.",
6602
        "It's said that the mother of the famous King Kamehameha (founder and first ruler of the Kingdom of Hawaii), asked for the eyes of the tiger shark during her pregnancy because they wanted to enhance the leadership qualities of the future king she carried."
6603
    ],
6604
    "Tortoise": [
6605
        "Tortoises are reptile species of the family Testudinidae of the order Testudines (from the Latin name for tortoise).",
6606
        "Tortoises are found from southern North America to southern South America, around the Mediterranean basin, across Eurasia to Southeast Asia, in sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, and some Pacific islands. They are absent from Australasia.",
6607
        "Unlike most sea turtles, which take to land only when they are laying eggs, tortoises don't have much to do with water other than drinking it and occasionally bathing in it. ",
6608
        "Like other turtles, tortoises have a shell to protect from predation and other threats. The shell in tortoises is generally hard, and like other members of the suborder Cryptodira, they retract their necks and heads directly backwards into the shell to protect them.",
6609
        "Tortoises can vary in size with some species, such as the Galapagos giant tortoise, growing to more than 1.2 m (4 feet) in length, whereas others like the Speckled cape tortoise have shells that measure only 6\u20138 cm (2.4-3.1 inches) long.",
6610
        "Several lineages of tortoises have independently evolved very large body sizes in excess of 100 kg (220 pounds), including the Galapagos giant tortoise and the Aldabra giant tortoise.",
6611
        "Tortoises do not have webbed feet \u2013 their feet are round and stumpy for walking on land. Tortoises that live in hot, dry habitats use their strong forelimbs to dig burrows. Then, when it's too hot in the sun, they slip underground.",
6612
        "Tortoises do not have ears like ours, but they can feel vibrations and changes in water pressure that tell them where food, or a predator, might be. They do have a good sense of smell, which helps them find food. The skin of a tortoise, may look leathery and tough, but it is actually very sensitive. In fact, the Gal\u00e1pagos tortoises seem to enjoy having their necks rubbed.",
6613
        "Tortoises, such as the Gal\u00e1pagos tortoise, can see in color and are especially attracted to red food items.",
6614
        "Tortoises don't have teeth. Instead, their mouths have a hard, sharpened edge that they use to bite with, kind of like a bird's beak.",
6615
        "Most land-based tortoises are herbivores, feeding on grasses, weeds, leafy greens, flowers, and some fruits, although some omnivorous species are in this family. Pet tortoises typically require diets based on wild grasses, weeds, leafy greens and certain flowers.",
6616
        "Tortoise are placid and very slow moving, with an average walking speed of 0.2\u20130.5 km/h (0.1-0.3 mph).",
6617
        "Tortoises are the longest-living land animals in the world, although the longest-living species of tortoise is a matter of debate. Gal\u00e1pagos tortoises are noted to live over 150 years, but an Aldabra giant tortoise named Adwaita may have lived an estimated 255 years. In general, most tortoise species can live 80\u2013150 years.",
6618
        "Most species of tortoises lay small clutch sizes, seldom exceeding 20 eggs, and many species have clutch sizes of only 1\u20132 eggs. Incubation is characteristically long in most species, the average incubation period are between 100 and 160 days. Upon completion of the incubation period, a fully formed hatchling uses an egg tooth to break out of its shell. It digs to the surface of the nest and begins a life of survival on its own.",
6619
        "Pet tortoises are popular pets for many people since they are quiet, cute (especially as hatchlings), and don't shed any fur. But tortoises can live a very long time (anywhere from 50 to 100 years). If you take one as a pet, be prepared to provide a lifetime of care and consider that your pet might even outlive you if you choose to keep one as a pet.",
6620
        "Tortoise shells were used by ancient Chinese as oracle bones to make predictions.",
6621
        "The tortoise is a symbol of the Ancient Greek god, Hermes."
6622
    ],
6623
    "Toucan": [
6624
        "The toucan is a medium-sized bird native to the rain forests of central and South America and the Caribbean.",
6625
        "Toucans are tropical birds of the family Ramphastidae.",
6626
        "There are about 40 different species of Toucans.",
6627
        "Toucans have a lifespan of up to 20 years in the wild. The oldest captive toucan lived to be 26 years old.",
6628
        "The largest is the toco toucan (Ramphastos toco), weighs approximately 680 grams (1.5 pounds) and is about 63 centimeters (29 inches) long.",
6629
        "Almost entire body of toucan is covered with black feathers (except the throat, which is covered with white or yellow feathers). Color of the feathers provides camouflage.",
6630
        "When toucans sleep, they tuck their beak under their feathers to keep them warm.",
6631
        "Toucans are diurnal and they produce many different calls. They are noisy in the late afternoon when other birds become inactive.",
6632
        "Toucans are among the noisiest of forest birds. Their songs often resemble croaking frogs. Toucans combine their extensive vocal calls with tapping and clattering sounds from their bill. Many toucan species make barking, croaking, and growling sounds, and mountain toucans make braying sounds like those of a donkey.",
6633
        "Toucans are usually found in pairs or small flocks.",
6634
        "Toucans are omnivorous birds. Its diet is mainly based on fruit. Besides fruit, toucan eats berries, seeds, eggs, insects and small reptiles.",
6635
        "Life is not all fruit and play for toucans. Predators to watch out for include forest eagles, hawks, and owls; boas, jaguars, margays and weasels, often invade toucan nests. Their enormous bill is useless in defending against predators and, in fact, attracts humans to catch them for the pet trade.",
6636
        "To protect themselves, they depend on their loud voices to scare off enemies and alert other toucans to the danger.",
6637
        "Toucans build their nest in tree hollows, created by other animals such as woodpeckers; generally in the rainforest canopy.",
6638
        "Although most toucans live in groups, it is believed that they are monogamous, at least during the breeding season and while rearing young.",
6639
        "Toucans are born very small and do not reach their full size for many months. During this time both the mother and father protect it from predators.",
6640
        "Luckily, population of toucans is still large and stable and these birds are not on the list of endangered species.",
6641
        "Perhaps the most well known tropical bird, the toucan is a symbol of playfulness and intelligence that has been used quite successfully by advertisers and business owners.",
6642
        "Toucans were some of the very first birds noticed by the conquering Europeans. Their flamboyant colors and outrageous beaks made them entertaining curiosities in the courts of Europe.",
6643
        "The rainbow-billed or keel-billed toucan is the national bird of Belize.",
6644
        "While often compared to hornbills, toucans are close relatives of the woodpecker.",
6645
        "Since the 1960's, Toucan Sam, a cartoon mascot, has been used as the face of Kellogg's breakfast cereal Fruit Loops."
6646
    ],
6647
    "Tree Kangaroo": [
6648
        "Tree kangaroo are marsupials adapted for arboreal locomotion.",
6649
        "There are about 14 different species of tree kangaroo.",
6650
        "Tree kangaroos are found the tropical rainforests of New Guinea, far northeastern Australia, and some of the islands in the region.",
6651
        "The lifespan for tree kangaroos is from 6 to 15 years in the wild, and up to 27 in captivity.",
6652
        "The Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo is the smallest of all tree kangaroos. Its body and head length ranges from 48 to 65 cm (19 to 25.5 in), and its tail from 60 to 74 cm (23.5 to 29 in), with males weighing an average of 7.2 kg (16 lb) and females 5.9 kg (13 lb).",
6653
        "The grizzled tree-kangaroo is one of the largest tree kangaroo species. This species grows to a length of 75 to 90 cm (29.5 to 35.5 in), with males being considerably larger than females, and its weight is 8 to 15 kg (18 to 33 lb).",
6654
        "Tree kangaroos have several adaptations to an arboreal life-style.",
6655
        "Compared to terrestrial kangaroos, tree kangaroos have longer and broader hind feet with longer, curved nails. They also have a sponge like grip on their paws and soles of their feet.",
6656
        "Tree kangaroos have a much larger and pendulous tail than terrestrial kangaroos, giving them enhanced balance while moving about the trees. Locomotion on the ground is by hopping, as with true kangaroos.",
6657
        "Like terrestrial kangaroos, tree kangaroos do not sweat to cool their bodies, rather, they lick their forearms and allow the moisture to evaporate in an adaptive form of behavioural thermoregulation.",
6658
        "Curly whorls on the tree kangaroo's back fur let water run right off it.",
6659
        "Tree kangaroos are excellent leapers \u2013 9 metres (30 ft) downward jumps from one tree to another have been recorded and they have the extraordinary ability to jump to the ground from 18 metres (59 ft) or more without being hurt.",
6660
        "The main diet of the tree kangaroo is leaves and fruit that it gathers from the trees, but occasionally scavenged from the ground.",
6661
        "Tree kangaroos live solitary or in small family groups of usually just the mother, father and joey.",
6662
        "Despite spending about 60% of their time sleeping, tree kangaroos don't build nests for slumber. They just sleep on whatever branch they feel safe in.",
6663
        "Tree kangaroos are marsupials so a majority of their physical development occurs in the mother's pouch. Female tree kangaroos have a gestation period of 20 to 45 days. When the underdeveloped, kidney bean sized joey is born, it crawls into the pouch where it will latch onto a teat and continue to grow.",
6664
        "The two most significant threats to tree-kangaroos are habitat loss and hunting. Tree kangaroo habitats are being destroyed or replaced by logging and timber production, along with coffee, rice and wheat production.",
6665
        "Tree kangaroos play an important role in the culture and diet of the indigenous people, and unsustainable hunting practices threaten the survival of tree kangaroos."
6666
    ],
6667
    "Tuatara": [
6668
        "Tuatara are moderately large lizardlike reptiles endemic to New Zealand.",
6669
        "The order Rhynchocephalia, flourished alongside the dinosaurs in the Jurassic Age around 200 to 220 million years ago, until all but tuatara died out around 60 million years ago.",
6670
        "There are two species of tuatara: Sphenodon punctatus, or northern tuatara, and the much rarer Sphenodon guntheri, or Brothers Island tuatara, which is confined to North Brother Island in Cook Strait.",
6671
        "The average lifespan is about 60 years, but they can live to be well over 100 years old. Some experts believe that captive tuatara could live as long as 200 years.",
6672
        "Tuatara probably have the slowest growth rates of any reptile, continuing to grow larger for the first 35 years of their lives.",
6673
        "Tuatara measure up to 80 cm (31 in) from head to tail-tip and weigh up to 1.3 kg (2.9 lb).",
6674
        "The color of tuatara ranges from olive green to brown to orange-red, and they can change colour over their lifetime.",
6675
        "Both male and female tuataras have a crest of spiky scales, called spines, down the center of their back and tail.",
6676
        "Their most curious body part is a \"third eye\" on the top of the head. The \"eye\" has a retina, lens, and nerve endings, yet it is not used for seeing. It is visible under young tuataras' skin but becomes covered with scales and pigment in a few months, making it hard to see. The unique eye is sensitive to light and may help the tuatara judge the time of day or season.",
6677
        "Tuataras shed their skin once a year.",
6678
        "Like some lizards, a tuatara can regrow a lost tail.",
6679
        "While capable of digging their own burrows, tuatara often use those of seabirds such as petrels, prions, and shearwaters.",
6680
        "The burrow systems are often made up of a network of interconnected tunnels. Each tunnel may be several metres long and possess multiple entrances. Although tuatara are solitary and territorial, as many as five or six tuatara may occupy the same system.",
6681
        "Tuatara are largely, but not exclusively, nocturnal animals. They regularly bask during daylight hours at the mouth of their burrows. However, they become much more active at night, foraging in and around their burrows and interacting with other tuatara.",
6682
        "When tuatara eggs get too cold, their development stops until it gets warmer again. That's why they take so long to hatch.",
6683
        "Like some other reptiles, such as alligators, the temperature of the nest where it incubated as an egg determines a tuatara's gender. It has been found that a difference of just one degree centigrade can change the young in a clutch of eggs from all females to all males!",
6684
        "Tuatara were originally classified as lizards in 1831 when the British Museum received a skull.",
6685
        "Tuatara, like many of New Zealand's native animals, are threatened by habitat loss and introduced predators, such as the Polynesian rat.",
6686
        "Tuatara feature in some M\u0101ori creation stories, and some tribes believe they are the guardians of knowledge.",
6687
        "The tuatara was featured on one side of the New Zealand five-cent coin, which was phased out in October 2006."
6688
    ],
6689
    "Tuna": [
6690
        "A tuna is a saltwater fish found in the ocean.",
6691
        "There are 8 species of tuna: Albacore tuna, Atlantic bluefin tuna, Bigeye tuna, Blackfin tuna, Longtail tuna, Pacific bluefin tuna, Longtail tuna, Yellowfin tuna.",
6692
        "Tunas are widely but sparsely distributed throughout the oceans of the world, generally in tropical and temperate waters at latitudes ranging between about 45\u00b0 north and south of the equator.",
6693
        "The lifespan of tunas varies by species, but ranges from about 15 years to over 40 years.",
6694
        "Tunas are elongated, robust, and streamlined fishes; they have a rounded body that tapers to a slender tail base and a forked or crescent-shaped tail. In color, tunas are generally dark above and silvery below, often with an iridescent shine. They have a conspicuous keel on either side of the tail base, a row of small finlets behind dorsal and anal fins, and a corselet of enlarged scales in the shoulder region.",
6695
        "Tunas vary considerably, both within and among species.",
6696
        "The blackfin tuna (Thunnus atlanticus) is the smallest tuna species, generally growing to a maximum of 100 cm (39 in) in length and weighing 21 kg (46 lbs).",
6697
        "The Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) is the largest tuna species. Fully mature adult specimens average 2\u20132.5 m (6.6\u20138.2 ft) long and weigh around 225\u2013250 kg (496\u2013551 lb). The largest recorded specimen taken under International Game Fish Association rules was caught off Nova Scotia, an area renowned for huge Atlantic bluefin, and weighed 679 kg (1 thousands lb) and 3.7 m (12 ft) long.",
6698
        "Tunas are highly specialized migrating species. They swim continuously to counterbalance their negative buoyancy, travelling hundreds of kilometers / miles. This strategy has a high energy cost, forcing them to move in search of food and has resulted in morphological and physiological adaptations for thermoregulation and high oxygen extraction efficiency. Therefore, temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration affect tuna behavior significantly.",
6699
        "Tunas have a well-developed network of blood vessels below the skin that acts as a temperature-regulating device associated with long-term, slow swimming. Because of this vascular system, they are able to maintain the temperature of their bodies above that of the surrounding water, often between 5 and 12 \u00b0C (9 and 21.7 \u00b0F) above ambient water temperature.",
6700
        "An active and agile predator, the tuna has a sleek, streamlined body, and is among the fastest-swimming pelagic fish \u2013 the yellowfin tuna, for example, is capable of speeds of up to 75 km/h (47 mph).",
6701
        "The tuna will swim near the surface of the ocean to look for food, however they can also dive to the depth of 900 meters (3000 feet) to search for their next meal.",
6702
        "At a young age, tunas eat tiny zooplankton, and their prey increases in size as they do. As adults, they eat different types of fish and invertebrates.",
6703
        "Dolphins swim beside several tuna species. Tuna schools are believed to associate themselves with dolphins for protection against sharks, which are tuna predators.",
6704
        "Tunas are among the most commercially valuable fish on the planet. ",
6705
        "As a result of overfishing, stocks of some tuna species, such as the southern bluefin tuna, are close to extinction.",
6706
        "Also unlike most fish, which have white flesh, the muscle tissue of tuna ranges from pink to dark red.",
6707
        "The fresh or frozen flesh of tuna is widely regarded as a delicacy in most areas where it is shipped, being prepared in a variety of ways for the sake of achieving specific flavors or textures.",
6708
        "The health benefits of tuna fish include its ability to reduce cardiovascular conditions, stimulate growth and development, lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and help in weight loss. Tuna also has the ability to boost the immune system, increase energy, maintain the health of the skin, increase red blood cell count, prevent cancer, protect against various kidney diseases, reduce general inflammation, and inhibit cell membrane damage.",
6709
        "Canned tuna was first produced in Australia in 1903, quickly becoming popular.",
6710
        "In the United States, 52% of canned tuna is used for sandwiches; 22% for salads; and 15% for casseroles and dried and pre-packaged meal kits such as General Mills's Tuna Helper line.",
6711
        "In 2013, a 222-kilogram (490-pound) bluefin tuna was sold at Tokyo's Tsukiji market for an all-time high of 155.4 million yen, or 1.8 million dollars, at the annual new year auction.",
6712
        "Besides for edible purposes, many species of tuna are caught frequently as a game fish, often for recreation or for contests in which money is awarded depending on how heavy the fish weighs in at. Larger specimens are notorious for putting up a fight while hooked, and have been known to injure people who try to catch them, as well as damage their equipment."
6713
    ],
6714
    "Turkey": [
6715
        "Turkey is a nation straddling eastern Europe and western Asia with cultural connections to ancient Greek, Persian, Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman empires.",
6716
        "The official name of Turkey is the Republic of Turkey.",
6717
        "Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Syria and Iraq to the south; Iran, Armenia and the Azerbaijan to the east; Georgia to the northeast; Bulgaria to the northwest; and Greece to the west. The Black Sea is to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the west.",
6718
        "Geographically, Turkey sits in two continents, Europe and Asia, although around 97% of it's land area is on the Asian side.",
6719
        "As of 1 January 2016, the population of Turkey was estimated to be 79 thousands thousands people.",
6720
        "Ankara, Turkey's capital, sits in the country's central Anatolia region.",
6721
        "Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey and is the third most populous urban area in Europe.",
6722
        "The highest point in Turkey is Mount Ararat 5 thousands meters (16 thousands feet) above sea level.",
6723
        "Turkey has one peak over 5 thousands meters (16 thousands feet), three over 4 thousands meters (13 thousands feet) and more than 100 peaks exceeding 3 thousands meters (9 thousands feet).",
6724
        "Turkey's Mediterranean shore, called the Turquoise Coast, is nearly 1600 kilometers (994 miles) long, scattered with fine-sand beaches and sprinkled abundantly with classical cities turned to picturesque ruins.",
6725
        "Turkey's 10 thousands plant and 80 thousands animal species help rank the country among the world's 35 biodiversity hotspots.",
6726
        "Turkey has 40 national parks.",
6727
        "Turkey has 15 properties inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List.",
6728
        "Pamukkale, meaning \"cotton castle\" in Turkish, is a natural site in Denizli Province in southwestern Turkey. A dramatic hillside location consisting of hot springs and travertine terraces, the stunning natural phenomenon of Pamukkale has been used as a spa for thousands of years.It is recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Site together with Hierapolis.",
6729
        "Hagia Sophia, Turkish Ayasofya, Latin Sancta Sophia, also called Church of the Holy Wisdom or Church of the Divine Wisdom, Hagia Sophia cathedral built at Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey) in the 6th century ce (532\u2013537) under the direction of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I. By general consensus, it is the most important Byzantine structure and one of the world's great monuments.",
6730
        "The S\u00fcleymaniye Mosque is an Ottoman imperial mosque located on the Third Hill of Istanbul, Turkey. It is the largest mosque in the city, and one of the best-known sights of Istanbul. The construction work began in 1550 and the mosque was finished in 1558.",
6731
        "The Topkap\u0131 Palace is a large palace in Istanbul, Turkey, that was one of the major residences of the Ottoman sultans for almost 400 years (1465\u20131856) of their 624-year reign.",
6732
        "Turkey has one of the world's oldest and biggest malls. Istanbul's Grand Bazaar, or Kapal\u0131 \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131, dates to 1455 and was established shortly after the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople. Over the centuries it has grown into a warren of 61 streets lined by more than 3 thousands shops which attract between 250 thousands and 400 thousands visitors daily. It currently occupies a nearly incomprehensible 333 thousands square feet.",
6733
        "Modern day Turkey was formed in 1923 following the fall of the Ottoman Empire.",
6734
        "Two of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world are in Turkey: Temple of Artemis at Ephesus and Mausoleum at Halicarnassus.",
6735
        "The Seven Churches referred in the Book of Revelation are all found in Turkey: Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia and Laodicea.",
6736
        "St. Paul the Apostle was born in Tarsus in what is now southern Turkey.",
6737
        "St. Nicholas, also known as Santa Claus, was born in Patara. There is a church dedicated to him in Demre, on Turkey's Mediterranean Coast, where he was a bishop.",
6738
        "Homer (Homeros) was born in Izmir on the west coast of Turkey and he depicted Troy, which is north of Izmir, in his Epic the Iliad.",
6739
        "The famous Trojan Wars took place in western Turkey, around the site where a wooden model of the Trojan Horse has been erected at the site.",
6740
        "Julius Caesar proclaimed his celebrated words \"Veni. Vedi, Veci\" (I came, I saw, I conquered) in Turkey when he defeated Pontus, a formidable Kingdom in the Black Sea Region of Turkey.",
6741
        "The library of Celsus is an ancient Roman building in Ephesus, Anatolia, now part of Sel\u00e7uk, Turkey. The library was built to store 12 thousands scrolls and to serve as a mausoleum for Celsus, who is buried in a crypt beneath the library.",
6742
        "Turkey is the largest producer of hazelnuts in the world with approximately 75% of worldwide production.",
6743
        "The T\u00fcnel is a short underground railway line in Istanbul, Turkey.It is the world's second oldest underground railway \u2013 it begun operation in 1875.",
6744
        "In Turkish, the bird we call a Turkey is called \"Hindi\" (\"from India\"). In India, it's called \"Peru.\" In Arabic, the bird is called \"Greek chicken\"; in Greek it's called \"French chicken\"; and in French it's called \"Indian chicken.\" The bird is indigenous to none of these places."
6745
    ],
6746
    "Vulture": [
6747
        "The vulture is a large, carnivorous bird that is most well known for its scavenging nature.",
6748
        "Vultures are pretty flexible when it comes to their habitat, as long as there is food, although you won't find them in Australia, polar regions, or most small islands.",
6749
        "These unusual birds are divided into two groups: New World vultures, which are from North, Central, and South America; and Old World vultures, which live in Africa, Asia, and Europe.",
6750
        "There are 7 species of New World vultures include Andean condors, California condors, and the 16 Old World species include the lammergeier and griffons.",
6751
        "New World vultures and Old World vultures aren't actually closely related. They're similar because of what's called convergent evolution: They have developed similar bodies and behaviors because they occupy the same ecological niche.",
6752
        "The smallest and lightest is palm-nut vulture (Gypohierax angolensis), 60 centimeters (2 feet) tall and weight up to 1.7 kilograms (3.7 pounds).",
6753
        "Vultures are built for their messy job.",
6754
        "All vultures have a wide wingspan, which allows them to soar for long periods of time without flapping so much as a feather while looking for carrion (dead or decaying flesh) to eat.",
6755
        "Most vultures have a large pouch in the throat (crop) and can go for long periods without food \u2014 adaptations to a feast-or-famine scavenging lifestyle.",
6756
        "Vultures have strong and curved beaks for ripping apart meat.",
6757
        "If a vulture gets goop in its feathers, the bird picks itself clean with its beak, but it wouldn't be able to clean its own head!",
6758
        "With no feathers to trap gunk on a vulture's head, meat and blood just dry and flake off.",
6759
        "A strong immune system allows vultures to eat rotting and possibly infected meat without getting sick.",
6760
        "Vultures have keen eyesight. It is believed they are able to spot a one-meter (3 foot) carcass from four miles away on the open plains. In some species, when an individual sees a carcass it begins to circle above it. This draws the attention of other vultures that then join in.",
6761
        "While New World vultures often have very keen senses of smell, their Old World counterparts aren't as lucky. New World vultures are frequently attracted to mercaptan, a gas that rotting corpses release and that they find very appealing.",
6762
        "Although vultures generally don't kill their own meals, there are a few exceptions. They sometimes go after animals feeble from injury, or defenseless youngsters. They sometimes even go after particularly tiny animals, like mice.",
6763
        "Unlike many raptors, vultures are relatively social and often feed, fly or roost in large flocks.",
6764
        "A group of vultures is called a committee, venue or volt. In flight, a flock of vultures is a kettle, and when the birds are feeding together at a carcass, the group is called a wake.",
6765
        "Although New World vultures are unable to make more than hissing and grunting sounds, Old World vultures can be quite vocal when feeding at a carcass, making lots of grunts, screeches, croaks, and chatter.",
6766
        "Old World vultures have relatively strong feet, but New World Vultures have flat, weak feet that are poorly adapted for grasping.",
6767
        "Vultures try to attract a mate by soaring in the sky around each other. The male shows off his flying skills by almost touching the female's wing tip as he flies by to impress her. Normally, vultures are social birds that hunt in flocks, but when it comes to starting a family, they pair for life.",
6768
        "Old World vultures build large stick platform nests in trees or on cliffs, sometimes in large colonies.",
6769
        "New World vultures do not build nests but lay their eggs in bare scrapes in natural cavities in cliffs or trees.",
6770
        "The mother vulture lays 1 egg, typically, if she is one of the larger species, 2 or 3 eggs if she is one of the smaller vulture species. The parents take turns keeping the egg warm and feeding the chicks when they hatch.",
6771
        "A group of 100 African white-backed vultures can strip a 50 kilograms (110-pound) carcass in 3 minutes.",
6772
        "The large crop of a Rueppell's vulture can hold about 1.5 kilograms (3.3 pounds ) of food, which may be as much as 20% of the bird's weight.",
6773
        "When a vulture is upset, its head turns red, and it looks like it is blushing.",
6774
        "Old World vultures may play dead when threatened, hunching down or hiding in a nest.",
6775
        "The Rueppell's vulture is the highest-flying bird. Reportedly, one was hit by a jet flying over the Ivory Coast at an altitude of 10 thousands meters (35 thousands feet).",
6776
        "More recently it has been suggested that bald heads serve to help vultures regulate their body temperature when moving rapidly from cold air to warm air when they descend from cold, high altitude air to warmer air near the ground.",
6777
        "Many people look at the vulture as a sign of death, but some cultures admire the birds.",
6778
        "The Egyptian Vulture was the sacred animal of the ancient Pharaohs; its appearance is immortalized in the Egyptian hieroglyphic alphabet as the letter A.",
6779
        "Tibetan sky burial is a ritual that has great religious meaning.In this ritual bodies are chopped up and fed to the vultures.",
6780
        "Aside from poisoning \u2013 both targeted and incidental \u2013 vultures are threatened by wind turbines, electricity pylons, habitat destruction, food loss and poaching.\" Of the 23 vulture species of the world, 16 are considered near threatened, vulnerable to extinction, endangered or critically endangered."
6781
    ],
6782
    "Walrus": [
6783
        "The walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) is a large marine mammal found inhabiting the freezing cold and icy waters of the Arctic Circle.",
6784
        "Walruses are pinnipeds. The word pinniped means fin or flipper-footed and refers to the marine mammals that have front and rear flippers.",
6785
        "There are three subspecies of walrus: \u2022 the Atlantic walrus which lives in the Atlantic Ocean \u2022 the Pacific walrus which lives in the Pacific Ocean \u2022 the Laptev walruses which lives in the Laptev Sea of the Arctic Ocean",
6786
        "Walruses inhabit areas in the Arctic that are largely made up of ice. They prefer areas with shallow water so they can easily access food. This slow moving marine mammal spends the majority of its time in or around water.",
6787
        "Walruses migrate north during the summer and south in the winter. The migrations ensure that the walruses can be where the most optimal ice is found. Optimal is defined as relatively thin ice but thick enough to hold the enormous weight of their bodies.",
6788
        "The average lifespan for walruses is between 30 and 40 years in the wild.",
6789
        "Walruses are among the largest pinnipeds \u2013 only two species of elephant seals are larger.",
6790
        "The grayish skin of the walrus is 2\u20134 cm (1\u20132 inches) thick, with deep folds around the shoulders. The skin is covered with short reddish hair, giving the animals an overall cinnamon colour.",
6791
        "The walrus has a rounded head, small eyes, and no external ears. Its muzzle is short and broad and has a conspicuous moustache of stiff, quill-like whiskers (vibrissae).",
6792
        "The most prominent feature of the walrus is its long tusks. These are elongated canines, which are present in both male and female walruses and can reach a length of 1 m (3 ft 3 in) and weigh up to 5.4 kg (12 lb). These tusks can break through 20 centimeters (8 inches) of ice. They also assist walruses in climbing out of the water and onto the ice.",
6793
        "Walruses climb up on ice or beaches to sleep or to rest. They move awkwardly on land but are swift in the water.",
6794
        "Walruses usually swim at an average speed of 7 km/h (4.3 mph), but are able to swim as fast as 35 km/h (21.7 mph).",
6795
        "Walruses generally breathe at the surface for about one minute after every five to eight minutes of subsurface activity. They can stay submerged for as long as 10 minutes.",
6796
        "A walrus's bottom-dwelling prey usually inhabit waters no more than about 80 m (262 ft) deep: a walrus generally dives no deeper than this. But most feeding probably takes place between 10 and 50 m (33 and 164 ft).",
6797
        "Because visibility is poor in deep and murky waters, walruses rely on their whiskers to locate food.",
6798
        "Walruses prefer molluscs \u2013 mainly bivalves such as clams. They also eat many other kinds of invertebrates including worms, gastropods, cephalopods, crustaceans, sea cucumbers, and other soft-bodied animals. Walruses may occasionally prey on fishes such as polar cod.",
6799
        "Adult walruses eat about 3% to 6% of their total weight per day. They may eat as many as 3 thousands to 6 thousands clams in a single feeding session.",
6800
        "Research has shown that the walrus is a very social type of creature. In fact, they are among the most gregarious of animals. Walruses are almost always found in large herds no matter what they are doing. It is extremely rare that you will find a walrus by itself.",
6801
        "Walruses communicate through auditory and visual displays.",
6802
        "Walruses are among the most vocal of the pinnipeds. They produce growls, taps, knocks, grunts, barks, soft whistles, rasps, and clicks. Male walruses produce bell-like sounds below water. These sounds are not produced by the vocal cords but originate from air sacs, which extend from the pharynx.",
6803
        "During courtship, males display visually and vocally from the water. Males will mate with multiple females in one mating season, while females only mate approximately every two years. This results in walruses having the lowest reproduction rate of all the pinnipeds.",
6804
        "Due to its great size and tusks, the walrus has only two natural predators: the killer whale (orca) and the polar bear. Adults use their giant tusks as a weapon to defend themselves. The young walruses are more susceptible to predation.",
6805
        "In the 18th and 19th centuries, the walrus was heavily exploited by American and European sealers and whalers, leading to the near extirpation of the Atlantic population. Commercial walrus harvesting is now outlawed throughout its range, although Chukchi, Yupik and Inuit peoples are permitted to kill small numbers towards the end of each summer.",
6806
        "Currently, two of the three walrus subspecies are listed as \"least-concern\" by the IUCN, while the third (Laptev walrus) is \"data deficient\".",
6807
        "The walrus plays an important role in the religion and folklore of many Arctic peoples. Skin and bone are used in some ceremonies, and the animal appears frequently in legends.",
6808
        "The walrus's scientific name, Odobenus rosmarus, is Latin for \"tooth-walking seahorse.\""
6809
    ],
6810
    "Warthog": [
6811
        "The warthog is a tough, sturdy animal.",
6812
        "There are two species: \u2022 the desert warthog \u2022 the common warthog",
6813
        "The warthog has an average lifespan of 12 to 18 years.",
6814
        "The warthog is a medium-sized species, with a head-and-body length ranging from 0.9 to 1.5 metres (3 to 5 feet), and shoulder height from 63.5 to 85 cm (2 to 2.8 ft).",
6815
        "Warthogs are remarkable for their strength, intelligence, and flexibility!",
6816
        "Warthogs are not picky eaters. They'll gobble up grass, roots, berries, tree bark and occasionally also eat small animals.",
6817
        "A warthog can go without water during Africa's dry season (which can last for several months). During that period they survive only from water from the plants they eat.",
6818
        "When water is available, warthogs will seek it and often submerge to cool down. They will also wallow in mud for the same purpose\u2014and to gain relief from insects. Birds also aid these hogs in their battle with insects; oxpeckers and other species sometimes ride along on their warthog hosts, feeding on the tiny creatures invading their hides.",
6819
        "As you might suspect when you look at their big snout, warthogs are good sniffers. It's easy for them to smell things underground that they might want to eat. Warthogs often kneel down on their front legs and use their muscular snout to dig up dinner. They even shuffle along in the kneeling position if there are plenty of tasty things in the area.",
6820
        "Warthogs mate once a year during the 'rut' (annual mating season), where boars find females by visiting their burrows. Males fight for the females by pushing, interlocking tusks and hitting each other in the face or the sides of their body.",
6821
        "Unlike many of their African counterparts, they are not endangered. This is because they are so skilled at adapting to new threats. For example, most warthogs like to forage during the light of the morning and early evening. But if they live in an area where people hunt them, they switch to foraging at night.",
6822
        "Lions, cheetahs, leopards, African wild dog, hyenas, and eagles all like to snack on a warthog when they get a chance.",
6823
        "Warthogs are iconic animals of the African savanna, so they can contribute to ecotourism.",
6824
        "The warthog Pumbaa and his meerkat friend Timon are important characters of Disney's 1994 animated film The Lion King and its franchise."
6825
    ],
6826
    "Wasp": [
6827
        "Wasps are insects that belong to the order Hymenoptera.",
6828
        "There are over 120 thousands species of wasps.",
6829
        "Wasps live all around the world and are found in nearly every country.",
6830
        "The largest social wasp is the Asian giant hornet [photo below], at up to 5 centimeters (2.0 in) in length; among the largest solitary wasps is a group of species known as tarantula hawks also up to 5 cm (2.0 in) long, along with the giant scoliid of Indonesia which have a wingspan of 11.5 cm (4.5 in).",
6831
        "The smallest wasps are solitary chalcid wasps in the family Mymaridae, including the world's smallest known insect, with a body length of only 0.139 mm (0.0055 in), and the smallest known flying insect, only 0.15 mm (0.0059 in) long.",
6832
        "Wasps have biting mouthparts and antennae with 12 or 13 segments. They are normally winged. In stinging species, only the females are provided with a formidable sting, which involves use of a modified ovipositor (egg-laying structure) for piercing and venom-producing glands.",
6833
        "Some wasp species are similar to bees. They are distinguishable from bees by their pointed lower abdomens and narrow \"waist,\" a petiole, that separates the abdomen from the thorax. They also have little to no hair on their bodies (as opposed to bees) and don't play much of a role in the pollination of plants. Their legs are shiny, slender, and shaped like cylinders.",
6834
        "Social wasps account for only about a thousand species and include commonly known colony-builders, like yellow jackets and hornets.",
6835
        "All wasps that are not parasitic build nests. The vast majority of solitary wasps make their nest in the ground. Social wasps create their familiar papery nests from wood fibers scraped with their hard mandibles and chewed into a pulp.",
6836
        "By far the greater number of wasps (over 100 thousands species) are a special type of parasite. They are parasitoids which lay their eggs in or on the caterpillars of other insect species. Unlike true parasites, the wasp larvae eventually kill their hosts.",
6837
        "Most wasps live less than one year, some workers for just a few months. Queens several live for several years.",
6838
        "A wasps' diet varies amongst species, generally speaking a wasps larvae will almost always get its first meal from within a host insect. Adult solitary wasps mainly feed on nectar, but the majority of their time is taken up by foraging for food for their carnivorous young, mostly insects or spiders. Some social wasps are omnivores, eating both plants and other animals. They often eat fruit, nectar and carrion such as dead insects.",
6839
        "Social wasps use chemicals to identify nest-mates and send warnings and other information. Parasitic wasps sometimes leave scent marks on the host insects to tell any other parasitic wasps that they've already laid eggs there.",
6840
        "Unlike bees, female wasps have the ability to sting a target multiple times because their stinger does not fall off after use.",
6841
        "Social wasps use their stingers only for defense, stinging solitary wasps rely on their venom to hunt.",
6842
        "While wasp stings deter many potential predators, bee-eaters specialise in eating stinging insects, making aerial sallies from a perch to catch them, and removing the venom from the stinger by repeatedly brushing the prey firmly against a hard object, such as a twig.",
6843
        "Almost every insect pest species has at least one wasp species that preys upon it or parasitizes it. This makes wasps critically important in the natural control of pest numbers. Parasitic wasps are increasingly used in agricultural pest control as they themselves do little or no damage to crops. Farmers buy these parasitic wasps for insect control in their fields.",
6844
        "While the vast majority of wasps play no role in pollination, a few species can effectively transport pollen and pollinate several plant species. For example fig wasps are the only pollinators of nearly 1000 species of figs.",
6845
        "Wasps have been modelled in jewellery since at least the nineteenth century, when diamond and emerald wasp brooches were made in gold and silver settings.",
6846
        "A fashion for wasp waisted female silhouettes with sharply cinched waistlines emphasizing the wearer's hips and bust arose repeatedly in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.",
6847
        "Vespa scooters are named after wasps \u2014 vespa means \"wasp\" in Italian.",
6848
        "The name \"Wasp\" has been used for many warships and other military equipment."
6849
    ],
6850
    "Water Buffalo": [
6851
        "The water buffalo also called Asian buffalo and Arni is a large bovid.",
6852
        "Water buffalo were domesticated in Indian subcontinent about 5000 years ago, and in China about 4000 years ago. Two types are recognized, based on morphological and behavioural criteria \u2013 the river buffalo of the Indian subcontinent and further west to the Balkans and Italy, and the swamp buffalo, found from Assam in the west through Southeast Asia to the Yangtze valley of China in the east.",
6853
        "There are 74 breeds of domestic water buffalo numbering some 165 million animals, but only small numbers of wild water buffalo remain.",
6854
        "The water buffalo is the \"living tractor of the East.\" It is not rare to find buffalo that continue to work well at the age of 30, and instances of a working life of 40 years are recorded.",
6855
        "In general, water buffalo are found in lower elevations, but in Nepal, swamp buffalo can commonly be found at elevations of 2 thousands meters (9 thousands meters). Domesticated animals are widespread, and therefore are found in a wide variety of habitats. The majority of the domesticated water buffalo are found in agricultural communities, but they can also be found in many cities.",
6856
        "Water buffalo is a ruminant and is predominately a grazer on grasses. It also eats herbs, aquatic plants, leaves, agricultural crops, and various other vegetation that grows in or along rivers and streams.",
6857
        "Like cattle, domestic water buffalo have many uses.",
6858
        "Water buffalo and the African Cape buffalo diverged from yaks and bison about three million years ago.",
6859
        "Wild water buffalo are now very rare. It is thought that less than 4 thousands remain and their numbers are declining. Some of the problems are illegal hunting, loss of habitat, introduced diseases and parasites, and interbreeding with domesticated buffalo.",
6860
        "Tigers are the only other predator on water buffalo, though water buffalo are challenging prey even to so large a cat. When confronted by a tiger, water buffalo often stand together as a herd and charge together in a line. They are usually successful at driving tigers off, and water buffalo have been known to kill tigers with their horns. Tigers often have their success stalking single animals and focusing on juveniles.",
6861
        "Some ethnic groups, such as Batak and Toraja in Indonesia and the Derung in China, sacrifice water buffalo at several festivals."
6862
    ],
6863
    "Weasel": [
6864
        "Weasels are small, nimble mammals of the genus Mustela of the family Mustelidae.",
6865
        "There are 10 species of weasel.",
6866
        "Found in a range of habitats, the weasel favours good cover and plentiful prey, including woodland, grassland, sand dunes, mountains, urban areas, marshes and moors.",
6867
        "Weasels have a lifespan of up to 2 \u2013 3 years in the wild, up to 10 years in captivity.",
6868
        "Weasels have long, slim bodies. Their short legs have five small-clawed toes on each foot. Their necks are long, their heads small and triangular; eyes are small in relation to head size, and the ears, set low on the skull, are rounded and well-furred.",
6869
        "Weasels vary in length from 17 to 22 centimeters (6.8 to 8.5 in), females being smaller than the males. Their tails may be from 3.5 to 5.2 centimeters (1.3 to 2.0 in) long; The average weasel weighs about 200 grams (7 ounces).",
6870
        "Weasels have brown to yellow-brown fur with paler fur on the belly. The tip of the tail is often black. Many weasels grow white fur in the winter, but the tip of the tail remains black.",
6871
        "Weasels are active in both winter and summer; they do not hibernate.",
6872
        "Aside from when they are mating or weaning young, weasels are solitary animals that fend for themselves in the wild.",
6873
        "Weasels are ferocious predators. Their senses of sight, smell and hearing are acute, their hunting instinct is keen, and they are active, aggressive and quick.",
6874
        "Weasels are carnivores who eat over 40% of their own body weight each day. They eat small mammals (like mice, squirrels, lemmings, rabbits, and hares), birds, frogs, lizards, insects, carrion (dead meat that they find).",
6875
        "Weasels often kill more prey than they can eat, storing the overkill for later consumption.",
6876
        "Male weasels mate with multiple females and do not provide parental care. Most species have a single litter per year. Litter size varies from 3 to 8 kittens. The young are born after a gestation period of anywhere from 35 days to more than 10 months, the latter because of delayed implantation of the fertilized egg.",
6877
        "Young Weasels develop remarkably quickly and are not only weaned by the time they are two months old, but are also able to hunt small prey and will leave their mother within the next few weeks to establish a territory of their own.",
6878
        "Despite their fast and dexterous nature, the small size of Weasels means that they are preyed upon by a number of different predators throughout their natural range. Birds of Prey such as owls, hawks and eagles that are able to spot them from high in the sky are the most common predators of the weasel, along with foxes and snakes.",
6879
        "A group of weasels can be called a boogle, gang, pack, and confusion.",
6880
        "The least weasel is the world's smallest mammalian carnivore.",
6881
        "Weasels often prey on animals larger than themselves.",
6882
        "Much like their skunk relatives, weasels release foul-smelling substance from their anal glands as a defense mechanism, and perhaps even to mark their territory.",
6883
        "Weasels, stoats, and even domesticated ferrets all perform a hilarious \"weasel war dance\" when they've got their prey cornered. Scientists aren't totally sure why they do this. One theory is that the weasel's wacky twisting, hopping, and darting around distracts, confuses, or even hypnotizes prey animals.",
6884
        "The English word \"weasel\" was originally applied to one species of the genus, the European form of the least weasel. This usage is retained in British English, where the name is also extended to cover several other small species of the genus.",
6885
        "Weasels have been assigned a variety of cultural meanings.",
6886
        "In Greek culture, a weasel near one's house is a sign of bad luck, even evil, \"especially if there is in the household a girl about to be married\", since the animal (based on its Greek etymology) was thought to be an unhappy bride who was transformed into a weasel and consequently delights in destroying wedding dresses. In neighboring Macedonia, however, weasels are generally seen as an omen of good fortune.",
6887
        "In Japan, weasels were seen as y\u014dkai(ghost, phantom), from time immemorial, and they cause various strange occurrences.",
6888
        "In the Native American tradition, the weasel has the medicine for seeking out secrets. Trust your own senses in regard to other people, and you will come out all right, even if it means going alone. This is part of what weasel teaches."
6889
    ],
6890
    "Welsh Corgi": [
6891
        "The Welsh Corgi sometimes known as Corgi, is a small type of herding dog that originated in Wales.",
6892
        "Two separate breeds are recognised: the Pembroke Welsh Corgi and the Cardigan Welsh Corgi.",
6893
        "The average lifespan of the Welsh Corgi is 13 to 16 years.",
6894
        "The Pembroke Welsh Corgi lineage has been traced back as far as 1107 AD. It is said that Flemish weavers brought the dogs with them as they traveled to reside in Wales.",
6895
        "The Cardigan Welsh Corgi has been attributed to the influences of Nordic settlers in the region. Dogs of similar dimensions exist in modern Scandinavia, called the Swedish Vallhund, and it is claimed by some historians that these two breeds share a common ancestor.",
6896
        "In the late 19th century, farmers in began to switch from cattle to sheep but the corgi is not suited for working sheep. Similarities between the Welsh Corgis have been attributed to cross-breeding between the two, or simply selected breeding from those who wished to have the Cardigan variety appear closer in nature to the Pembroke.",
6897
        "The first recorded date for Corgis appearing in the show ring in Wales is 1925. Captain J. P. Howell called together a meeting of breeders of both the Pembroke and the Cardigan varieties, and formed the Welsh Corgi Club, with an initial membership of 59 members.",
6898
        "In 1933, the first Welsh Corgis were brought to the United States.",
6899
        "Pembroke Welsh Corgis are famous as the preferred breed of Queen Elizabeth II, who has owned more than 30 during her reign.",
6900
        "Welsh Corgis are of the type of herding dog referred to as \"heelers\", meaning that they would nip at the heels of the larger animals to keep them on the move. The combination of their low height off the ground and innate agility of Welsh Corgis would allow them to avoid the hooves of cattle.",
6901
        "Welsh Corgis can compete in dog agility trials, obedience, showmanship, flyball, tracking, and herding events. Herding instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests.",
6902
        "The Pembroke Welsh Corgi is the more popular breed, yet still appears on The Kennel Club's Vulnerable dog breeds of the United Kingdom list.",
6903
        "Welsh Corgis are the shortest breed of the herding dog group.",
6904
        "Welsh Corgis are very popular in the United States. Cities such as New York, Boston, Los Angeles, and San Francisco hold annual \"Corgi Meetups\" in which hundreds of dogs and their owners congregate to spend the day."
6905
    ],
6906
    "Whale Shark": [
6907
        "The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is the largest fish and shark in the world.",
6908
        "The whale shark is found in open waters of the tropical oceans and is rarely found in water below 22 \u00b0C (72 \u00b0F). They are usually restricted to around +- 30 degrees of latitude.",
6909
        "Scientists estimate that the lifespan of the whale shark ranges from 70 to 100 years.",
6910
        "The whale shark is also the largest non-cetacean animal in the world.",
6911
        "The average size of adult whale sharks is estimated at 9.7 meters (31.82 ft) and 9 tonnes (20 thousands lb).",
6912
        "Whale sharks have five large pairs of gills.",
6913
        "The whale shark has over 300 to 350 rows of tiny teeth in its mouth, but the function of these teeth is unknown.",
6914
        "Whale sharks are grey with a white belly. Their skin is marked with pale yellow spots and stripes which are unique to each individual.",
6915
        "Whale sharks are solitary creatures. But they don't shy away from sharing feeding grounds with other whale sharks.",
6916
        "The whale shark is a filter feeder. In order to eat, the whale shark juts out its formidably sized jaws and passively filters everything in its path. This technique has often been referred to as cross-flow filtration, which is a process similar to that of some bony fish, as well as baleen whales.",
6917
        "The whale shark feeds on plankton including copepods, krill, fish eggs, Christmas Island red crab larvae and small nektonic life, such as small squid or fish. It also feeds on clouds of eggs during mass spawning of fish and corals.",
6918
        "According the Shark Research Institute, a study revealed that whale sharks spend up to 7.5 hours per day eating and that a 6-meter (20-foot) whale shark (still a juvenile) eats 21 kilograms (46 pounds), of plankton per day!",
6919
        "Whale sharks are known to gather at a dozen major feeding locations around the world, from western Australia and Indonesia to Belize. But between May and September, the waters of Mexico's Quintana Roo state, on the northeastern Yucatan Peninsula, draw far more animals than other spots and attract an estimated 800 or more in a given season.",
6920
        "After years of tagging and tracking, researchers are in agreement on one important discovery: whale sharks will return to nutrient-rich feeding areas in subsequent years.",
6921
        "Much of the sharks' lives seem to occur in the open sea, where they're hard to observe, leaving chunks of their lives a mystery. For instance, no one has ever seen whale sharks mate.",
6922
        "Whale sharks become sexually mature at the age of 30. Females are ovoviviparous, which means that females produce eggs, but the young hatch inside of the mother instead of in the water like most fish. Then, the female gives birth to about 300 live young. Newborns are 40 to 60 centimeters (16 to 24 inches) long.",
6923
        "Based on the path traveled by one female shark from the coast of Quintana Roo, scientists hypothesized that female whale sharks travel to the open waters of the Mid-Atlantic where they give birth in relative seclusion.",
6924
        "The name \"whale shark\" comes from the fish's size, being as large as some species of whales and also a filter feeder like baleen whales.",
6925
        "They are commercially fished in numerous locations around the world, and are highly valued in international markets. There is a high demand for whale shark meat, fins, and oils in these markets, particularly provided by unregulated fisheries. A single whale shark pectoral fin can sell for up to $20 thousands, making it one of the most sought after of all sharks in the fin trade.",
6926
        "Despite its size, the whale shark does not pose a threat to to humans and are often referred to as \"gentle giants\".",
6927
        "Whale sharks are docile fish and sometimes allow swimmers to catch a ride, although this practice is discouraged by shark scientists and conservationists because of the disturbance to the sharks.",
6928
        "In Vietnamese culture, the whale shark is revered as a deity called C\u00e1 \u00d4ng, which literally translates as \"Lord Fish\".",
6929
        "The whale shark is featured on the reverse of the Philippine 100-peso bill."
6930
    ],
6931
    "White Rhinoceros": [
6932
        "The white rhinoceros or square-lipped rhinoceros is one of the five species of rhinoceros.",
6933
        "White rhinoceroses are found in grassland and savannah habitat. They usually live near water sources because they generally consume water as often as twice a day.",
6934
        "White rhinoceros can live to be up to 50 years old.",
6935
        "The white rhinoceros is the largest species of rhinoceros. The head and body length is from 3.4 to 4 m (11.2 to 13.1 ft), with the tail adding another 70 cm (28 in) and the shoulder height is 160 to 186 cm (5.25 to 6.1 ft). The weigh is from 1 thousands to 4 thousands kg (3 thousands to 8 thousands lb). It is the only rhinoceros in which males are noticeably larger than females.",
6936
        "Its ears can move independently to pick up sounds, but it depends most of all on its sense of smell. The olfactory passages that are responsible for smell are larger than their entire brain. The white rhinoceros has the widest set of nostrils of any land-based animal.",
6937
        "The white rhinoceros is quick and agile and can run 50 km/h (31 mph).",
6938
        "White rhinoceroses live in crashes or herds of up to 14 animals (usually mostly female). Sub-adult males will congregate, often in association with an adult female. Most adult bulls are solitary.",
6939
        "A popular albeit widely discredited theory of the origins of the name \"white rhinoceros\" is a mistranslation from Dutch to English. The English word \"white\" is said to have been derived by mistranslation of the Dutch word \"wijd\", which means \"wide\" in English. The word \"wide\" refers to the width of the rhinoceros's mouth. So early English-speaking settlers in South Africa misinterpreted the \"wijd\" for \"white\" and the rhino with the wide mouth ended up being called the white rhino and the other one, with the narrow pointed mouth, was called the black rhinoceros."
6940
    ],
6941
    "White Tiger": [
6942
        "The white tiger is not a separate subspecies, but only a color variation.",
6943
        "It is actually a type of Bengal tiger. While they are sometimes bred with Siberian tigers as a way of manipulating genetics to produce white tigers in captivity.",
6944
        "White tigers result from genetic mutations that are part of their natural species diversity.",
6945
        "The average lifespan for white tigers is from 10 to 15 years in the wild.",
6946
        "White tigers lack the pheomelanin pigment that normally gives a tiger its orange coloration, but they still produce the lighter eumelanin, and are therefore not considered to be albinos (i.e., deficient in all forms of skin pigment).",
6947
        "Along with the Bengal Tiger, the White Tiger is considered to be the second largest species of Tiger in the world after the Siberian Tiger.",
6948
        "All white tigers have blue eyes.",
6949
        "Like all other tigers white tigers have eyes with round pupils, unlike domestic cats, which have slitted pupils. This is because domestic cats are nocturnal whereas tigers are crepuscular \u2013 they hunt primarily in the morning and evening.",
6950
        "White tigers can reach top speeds of 50 to 65 kilometers per hour (35 to 40 miles per hour).",
6951
        "The average white tiger sleeps between 16 to 18 hours per day.",
6952
        "Like all other tigers, white tigers are good swimmers!",
6953
        "In 2004, a blue-eyed, stripeless white tiger was born in a wildlife refuge in Alicante, Spain. Its parents are normal orange Bengals. The cub was named \"Artico\" (\"Arctic\").",
6954
        "Because of the extreme rarity of the white tiger allele in the wild, the breeding pool was limited to the small number of white tigers in captivity. According to Kailash Sankhala, the last white tiger ever seen in the wild was shot in 1958.",
6955
        "Limited gene pool in white tigers has led to a high rate of health problems and deformities among these captive tigers' offspring.",
6956
        "The white tiger is a Bengal tiger which is actually the most populous of all the remaining tiger subspecies, with numbers estimated to be at around 3 thousands individuals in the wild.",
6957
        "Reasons for the extinction of wild white tigers were likely the same as those accounting for the dramatic decline in wild tigers in general: uncontrolled trophy hunting, habitat loss, and habitat fragmentation.",
6958
        "White tigers, Siamese cats, and Himalayan rabbits have enzymes in their fur which react to temperature, causing them to grow darker in the cold.",
6959
        "Since they were first brought into captivity, White Tigers have been interbred by Humans in a business that is morally questionable and purely profit based.",
6960
        "Today there is a large number of white tigers in captivity.",
6961
        "White tigers appear frequently in literature, video games, television, and comic books.",
6962
        "The White Tiger is one of the Four Symbols of the Chinese constellations. It is sometimes called the White Tiger of the West, and is known as Baihu in Chinese, Byakko in Japanese, Baekho in Korean, and B\u1ea1ch H\u1ed5 in Vietnamese. It represents the west in terms of direction and the autumn season."
6963
    ],
6964
    "Wild Boar": [
6965
        "The wild boar also called the wild pig or wild swine is any of the wild members of the family Suidae.",
6966
        "Wild boars are native to forests ranging from western and northern Europe and North Africa to India, the Andaman Islands, and China.",
6967
        "Today, wild boars are common throughout Eurasia, and inhabit every continent except Antarctica.",
6968
        "The wild boar is one of the widest-ranging mammals in the world, as well as the most widespread suiform.",
6969
        "The average lifespan for the wild boar is 4 to 5 years in the wild. The maximum lifespan is up to 14 years in the wild and 20 years or more in captivity.",
6970
        "The wild boar is a bulky, massively built with short and relatively thin legs.",
6971
        "An acute sense of smell allows wild boars to detect an edible root or tuber 25 cm (10 inches) below the soil. Because of this behavior, wild swine have become infamous for rooting through and destroying large portions of farmer's crops.",
6972
        "Wild boars tend to live in groups that are made up of 6 to 20 members, but may contain over 100 individuals.",
6973
        "The wild boar lives in matriarchal societies consisting of interrelated females and their young (both male and female). Fully grown males are usually solitary outside the breeding season.",
6974
        "The grey wolf is the wild boar's main predator in most of its natural range except in the Far East and the Lesser Sunda Islands, where it is replaced by the tiger and Komodo dragon respectively",
6975
        "The importance of the boar as a culinary item among Celtic tribes may have been exaggerated in popular culture by the Asterix series, as wild boar bones are rare among Celtic archaeological sites and the few that do occur show no signs of butchery, having probably been used in sacrificial rituals.",
6976
        "Wild boars are the ancestors of domestic pigs."
6977
    ],
6978
    "Wildebeest": [
6979
        "The wildebeest also called the gnu is an antelope speacies.",
6980
        "There are two species of wildebeest: the black wildebeest and the blue wildebeest.",
6981
        "Wildebeest inhabit the plains and open woodlands of parts of Africa south of the Sahara. The black wildebeest is native to the southernmost parts of the continent. The blue wildebeest is native to eastern and southern Africa.",
6982
        "The blue wildebeest lives in a wide variety of habitats, including woodlands and grasslands, while the black wildebeest tends to reside exclusively in open grassland areas.",
6983
        "Wildebeest can live more than 40 years, though their average lifespan is around 20 years.",
6984
        "Wildebeest are one of the largest species of antelopes. They grow to 1.15 to 1.4 metres (45 to 55 in) at the shoulder, and they weigh between 150 and 250 kilograms when they are fully grown. The blue wildebeest is the bigger of the two species.",
6985
        "The most striking morphological differences between the black and blue wildebeest are the orientation and curvature of their horns and the colour of their coats.",
6986
        "The horns of blue wildebeest protrude to the side, then curve downwards before curving up back towards the skull, while the horns of the black wildebeest curve forward then downward before curving upwards at the tips.",
6987
        "Blue wildebeest tend to be a dark grey colour with stripes, but may have a bluish sheen. The black wildebeest has brown-coloured hair, with a mane that ranges in colour from cream to black, and a cream-coloured tail.",
6988
        "Wildebeest are herbivores. They rely heavily on grasses for their meals. They regularly dine on leaves taken from shrubs and bushes, but to a lesser degree than grass.",
6989
        "Although the prospects of finding food often push common wildebeests to relocate to different areas, the same applies to water. Their quests are often greatly fueled by finding water. They typically drink it twice daily.",
6990
        "Wildebeest live in herds of anywhere from 10 to hundreds of thuosands individuals during migration.",
6991
        "Wildebeest can reach 80 km/h (50 mph) and are one of the fastest antelope species in Africa.",
6992
        "In some areas, the blue wildebeest migrates over long distances in the winter, whereas the black wildebeest does not.",
6993
        "The Serengeti wildebeest migration is a truly spectacular event. Over two million wildebeest, zebras and gazelles move through the Serengeti and Masai Mara ecosystems in search of green pasture, in a regular pattern. This is surely one of the greatest wonders of the natural world and is recognized as one of the \"Seven Wonders of the Natural World.\"",
6994
        "Wildebeest usually breed at the end of the rainy season when the animals are well fed and at their peak of fitness. This usually occurs between May and July, and birthing usually takes place between January and March, at the start of the wet season. The calves weigh about 21 kg (46 lb) at birth and scramble to their feet within minutes, being able to move with the herd soon afterwards, a fact on which their survival relies.",
6995
        "Major predators that feed on wildebeest include the lion, hyena, African wild dog, cheetah, leopard, and crocodile, which seem to favour the wildebeest over other prey. Wildebeest, however, are very strong, and can inflict considerable injury even to a lion.",
6996
        "Dutch settlers first discovered wildebeest in about 1700, on their way to the interior of South Africa. Due to their resemblance to wild cattle, these people called them \"wild ox\" or \"wildebeest\".",
6997
        "Some sources claim the name \"gnu\" originates from the Khoikhoi name for these animals, t'gnu. Others contend the name and its pronunciation in English go back to the word !nu: used for the black wildebeest by the San people.",
6998
        "Wildebeest are related to oryx and gazelles.",
6999
        "Movies and television shows also feature wildebeests, including Khumba (Mama V), The Wild (Kazar and his minions), All Hail King Julien (Vigman Wildebeest), Phineas and Ferb (Newton the Gnu), The Great Space Coaster (newscaster Gary Gnu), and The Lion King (the wildebeest stampede that resulted in Mufasa's death)."
7000
    ],
7001
    "Wolverine": [
7002
        "The wolverine is a powerful animal that resembles a small bear but is actually the largest member of the Mustelidae (weasel) family.",
7003
        "The wolverine lives in the remote Arctic and sub-Arctic regions of the world.",
7004
        "Wolverines live primarily in isolated regions of northern Canada, Alaska, Siberia, and Scandinavia; they are also native to European Russia, the Baltic countries, the Russian Far East, northeast China and Mongolia.",
7005
        "Wolverines have an average lifespan between 7 and 12 years in the wild.",
7006
        "The adult wolverine is about the size of a medium dog, with a length usually ranging from 65\u2013107 centimeters (26\u201342 inches), a tail of 17\u201326 centimeters (6.7\u201310.2 inches), and a weight of 9\u201325 kilograms (20\u201355 pounds).",
7007
        "Anatomically, the wolverine is a stocky and muscular animal. With short legs, broad and rounded head, small eyes and short rounded ears. Though its legs are short, its large, five-toed paws and plantigrade posture facilitate movement through deep snow.",
7008
        "Wolverines have thick, dark, oily fur which is highly hydrophobic, making it resistant to frost.",
7009
        "Wolverines are solitary creatures, and they need a lot of room to roam. Individual wolverines may travel 24 kilometers (15 miles) in a day in search of food.",
7010
        "Wolverines have poor eyesight, but their senses of hearing and smell are excellent, which help them find the prey more easily.",
7011
        "The wolverine is a powerful and versatile predator and scavenger. They easily dispatch smaller prey, such as rabbits and rodents, but may even attack animals many times their size, such as caribou, if the prey appears to be weak or injured. These opportunistic eaters also feed on carrion \u2014 the corpses of larger mammals, such as elk, deer, and caribou.",
7012
        "The powerful jaws and large teeth of the wolverine are able to demolish frozen carrion and bones.",
7013
        "Although wolverine are primarily nocturnal, diurnal movement is often recorded.",
7014
        "Wolverines are territorial animals and defend large, gender-exclusive territories. Their territories can range from 65 kilometers (40 miles) to more than 600 kilometers (372 miles).",
7015
        "The wolverine is very quick and can run at speeds of up to 50 kilometers (30 miles) per hour when chasing its prey.",
7016
        "Wolverines are typical terrestrial animals, but they can also climb trees and swim when needed.",
7017
        "Wolverines prefer colder areas also because they use the snow for dens, besides food storage.",
7018
        "Wolverines are polygamous. Successful males will form lifetime relationships with two or three females, which they will visit occasionally, while other males are left without a mate.",
7019
        "Kits develop rapidly, reaching adult size within the first year. Sometimes, kits will stay with their mother until they are ready to have kits of their own. Wolverines are ready to reproduce at around 2 years old.",
7020
        "The mountain lion, wolf, and bear are predators of the wolverine. However, the human is recognized as the primary predator of the wolverine.",
7021
        "During the 19th century, wolverine populations nearly disappeared due to hunting and other human activities like deforestation and recreational use of their habitats.",
7022
        "The biggest threat to wolverines is climate change. Warmer weather could mean less snow, which wolverines are dependent becouse females burrow in the snow.",
7023
        "Wolverines are also referred to as the glutton, carcajou, skunk bear, or quickhatch (of Native American origin).",
7024
        "The wolverine's scientific name, Gulo gulo, comes from the Latin word gulo, which meaning glutton.",
7025
        "The wolverine has a lumbering gait as its head and tail are lower than its arched back.",
7026
        "The wolverine's sense of smell is uncanny \u2014 it can detect a carcass lying 20 feet (6 meters) under the snow, allowing it to find the remains of animals killed in avalanches.",
7027
        "Wolverines possess a special upper molars in the back of their mouth that are rotated 90 degrees inward, allowing animal to tear apart the flesh of the prey quickly.",
7028
        "M56 is the wolverine who gained fame in 2009 when he traveled 800 kilometers (500 miles) from northern Wyoming to Colorado. He became the first verified wolverine in Colorado in 90 years."
7029
    ],
7030
    "Wombat": [
7031
        "Wombats are one of the oddest-looking animals on the planet!",
7032
        "There are three species of wombat: common wombat, northern hairy-nosed wombat or yaminon, and Southern hairy-nosed wombat.",
7033
        "All wombat species live in Australia and Tasmania.",
7034
        "Wombats are marsupials, related to koalas and kangaroos. Marsupial is a mammal of an order whose members are born incompletely developed and are typically carried and suckled in a pouch on the mother's belly.",
7035
        "These animals typically live up to 15 years in the wild, but can live past 20 and even 30 years in captivity. The longest-lived captive wombat lived to 34 years of age.",
7036
        "Wombats are heavily built and virtually tailless burrowers with small eyes and short ears.",
7037
        "Wombats' fur is either sandy brown or grayish black to blend in with the landscape and avoid predators.",
7038
        "Wombats are herbivores; their diets consist mostly of grasses, sedges, herbs, bark, and roots.",
7039
        "Like kangaroos, wombats spend most of their time grazing.",
7040
        "Wombats have an extraordinarily slow metabolism, taking around eight to 14 days to complete digestion, which aids their survival in arid conditions.",
7041
        "Wombats dig extensive burrow systems with their rodent-like front teeth and powerful claws.",
7042
        "Common wombats are solitary and inhabit their own burrows, while other two species may be more social and live together in larger burrow groups. A group of wombats is known as a wisdom, a mob, or a colony.",
7043
        "The common wombat occupies a range of up to 23 hectares (57 acres), while the hairy-nosed species have much smaller ranges, of no more than 4 hectares (10 acres).",
7044
        "Wombats walk with a waddle. They may look pudgy and slow, but they can run up to 40 km/h (25 mph) and maintain that speed for up to 90 seconds.",
7045
        "Wombats communication include vocalizations, aggresive displays, and markings on logs and branches made by rubbing against them repeatedly. Wombats tend to be more vocal during mating season. When angered, they can make hissing sounds. Their call sounds somewhat like a pig's squeal.",
7046
        "Female wombats give birth to a single young known as a joy in the spring, after a gestation period, which like all marsupials can vary, in the case of the wombat: 20\u201321 days. When the joey is born, it is the size of a jellybean and not completely developed. The joey climbs into its mother's pouch right after birth to finish developing and stays there for about five to six months. Wombats are weaned after 15 months.",
7047
        "Dingoes and Tasmanian devils prey on wombats.",
7048
        "In 1906, the Australian government declared wombats pests and encouraged people to kill them. From 1925 to 1965, some 63 thousands wombat skins were redeemed for cash. Fortunately, this practice has stopped.",
7049
        "All species of wombats are protected in every state except for Victoria.",
7050
        "Even today wombats are considered pests by farmers because they dig in cultivated fields and pastures and because their burrows may harbour rabbits.",
7051
        "Humans can receive puncture wounds from wombat claws, as well as bites. Startled wombats can also charge humans and bowl them over, with the attendant risks of broken bones from the fall.",
7052
        "Depiction of wombats in rock art are exceptionally rare, though examples estimated to be up to 4 thousands years old have been discovered in the Wollemi National Park.",
7053
        "The giant wombat, an ancestor of modern-day wombats, lived during the Ice Age and was the size of a rhinoceros.",
7054
        "Since 2005, an unofficial holiday called Wombat Day has been observed on 22 October.",
7055
        "Wombats have featured in Australian postage stamps and coins."
7056
    ],
7057
    "Woodpecker": [
7058
        "Woodpeckers are colorful and beautiful birds, well-known for pecking the wood of trees with their pointed beaks.",
7059
        "There are about 200 different species of woodpeckers worldwide.",
7060
        "The two largest woodpeckers in the world are the imperial woodpecker and the ivory-billed woodpecker, but both may be extinct. The largest confirmed woodpecker is the great slaty woodpecker (Mulleripicus pulverulentus) [photo below] at 48\u201358 centimeters (19\u201323 inches) long and a weight of 360\u2013563 grams (0.794\u20131.241 lb).",
7061
        "The smallest species of woodpecker is the bar-breasted piculet (Picumnus aurifrons) at 7.5 centimeters (3.0 inches) in length and will weigh 8 to 10 grams (0.28 to 0.35 oz).",
7062
        "The most common plumage colors for all woodpeckers are black, white, red and yellow. A few species also have orange, green, brown, maroon and gold in their coloration. Brighter colors are usually flashy patches, typically on the head, neck or back where they will be easily seen.",
7063
        "Woodpeckers have strong bills for drilling and drumming on trees and long sticky tongues for extracting food.",
7064
        "The tongue of a woodpecker is up to 10 centimeters (4 inches) long and three times the length of its bill. Many woodpeckers have barbed tongues that help them extract bugs from trees and holes. When the long tongue is not in use, the woodpecker wraps it around the back of its head, between the skull and the skin.",
7065
        "The diet of woodpeckers consists mainly of insects and their grubs taken from living and dead trees, and other arthropods, along with fruit, nuts and sap from live trees.",
7066
        "Woodpeckers are diurnal, roosting at night inside holes. In most species the roost will become the nest during the breeding season.",
7067
        "The woodpeckers range from highly antisocial solitary species that are aggressive toward other members of their species, to species that live in groups.",
7068
        "Compared to other birds, most species of woodpeckers have a distinct flight pattern. It's made up of several rapid wing beats which is then followed by a quick glide when the woodpecker's wings are tucked against their body rather than spreading it out.",
7069
        "While most birds have one toe pointing back and three pointing forward on each foot, woodpeckers have two sharply clawed toes pointing in each direction to help them grasp the sides of trees and balance while they hammer \u2013 this formation is called zygodactal feet.",
7070
        "Unlike the human brain , the woodpecker's brain is tightly confined by muscles in the skull and a compressible bone. This keeps the woodpecker brain from jiggling around when the bird is stabbing away at a tree trunk.",
7071
        "Woodpecker is able to peck 20 times per second. It produces between 10 thousands and 12 thousands pecks per day.",
7072
        "Woodpeckers peck into trees in search of food or to create a nesting site. They also \"drum,\" or peck in a rapid rhythmic succession to establish their territory and attract mates. Drumming usually occurs in the spring on metal or wood resonant surfaces. It may occur a number of times during a single day, and last for days or months.",
7073
        "Woodpeckers make a wide variety of noises but do not sing. They can make chirps, chatters and other alarm calls. Drumming is the woodpecker equivalent of singing.",
7074
        "Most woodpeckers live year-round in the same area. They are very persistent and not easily driven from their established territory.",
7075
        "The main predators of the woodpecker include wild cats, foxes, coyotes, snakes and large birds although many other species of animal will prey on the woodpecker too.",
7076
        "Many species of woodpeckers are threatened or endangered due to loss of habitat or habitat fragmentation.",
7077
        "Woody Woodpecker is an anthropomorphic animated woodpecker, inspired by the acorn woodpecker and also resembling the pileated woodpecker, who appeared in theatrical short films produced by the Walter Lantz animation studio and distributed by Universal Pictures."
7078
    ],
7079
    "Yak": [
7080
        "The yak is a long-haired bovid found throughout the Himalaya region of southern Central Asia, the Tibetan Plateau and as far north as Mongolia and Russia.",
7081
        "Most yaks are domesticated animals, though there is also a small, vulnerable wild yak population.",
7082
        "Bos mutus is the scientific name for the wild yak and Bos grunniens for domesticated yak.",
7083
        "90% of all known yaks can be found in Tibetan Plateau in the Himalayas.",
7084
        "Yak is a close relative of buffalo and bison.",
7085
        "The average lifespan of a yak is about 20 years in the wild and slightly longer when in captivity.",
7086
        "The yak is a herd animal that tend to gather in herds from 10 yaks to 100 yaks, most of which are females and their young.",
7087
        "The yak is the third largest beast in Asia, after the elephant and rhino.",
7088
        "Wild yak adults stand about 1.6 to 2.2 meters (5.2 to 7.2 feet) tall at the shoulder and weigh 305\u20131 thousands kilograms (672\u20132 thousands pounds).The head and body length is 2.5 to 3.3 meters (8.2 to 11 feet), not counting the tail of 60 to 100 centimeters (24 to 39 in).The females are about one-third the weight and are about 30% smaller in their linear dimensions when compared to bull wild yaks.",
7089
        "Domesticated yaks are much smaller, males weighing 350 to 580 kilograms (770 to 1 thousands pounds) and females 225 to 255 kilograms (496 to 562 pounds).",
7090
        "Body of yak is covered with thick, wooly coat. It can be brown, black or white in color. Main purpose of the fur is preservation of the body heat and protection against low outer temperatures.Domesticated yak's coat is less furry, but more diverse in color than the wild yak.",
7091
        "Yaks have long, bushy tails which are used for the production of fake beards in certain Chinese theaters.",
7092
        "Hooves of yaks are split, which facilitate movement across the rocky and icy terrains.",
7093
        "Yaks can climb up to 6 thousands meters (20 thousands feet) above sea level.",
7094
        "Among domesticated animals, yaks are the highest dwelling animals of the world, living at 3 thousands\u20135 thousands meters (9 thousands\u201316 thousands feet).",
7095
        "Additionally, the yak has a powerful digestive system that allows food to digest at a temperature of 40\u00baC (104\u00b0F).This high internal heat keeps the yak warm even in temperatures as low as -40\u00baC (-40\u00b0F).",
7096
        "Yaks are so well adapted to the heights that they cannot normally live below 3 thousands meters (9 thousands feet).They suffer from heat exhaustion in temperatures above 15\u00b0C and are very susceptible to disease.",
7097
        "Yaks are herbivores.A great deal of the yaks time is spent on grassy plains in the mountains grazing on grasses, herbs and wild flowers.",
7098
        "Similar to other cow species, the yak has more than one stomach which it uses to successfully get all the nutrients out of the plants that it eats.",
7099
        "Yaks grunt and, unlike cattle, are not known to produce the characteristic bovine lowing (mooing) sound.",
7100
        "Amongst yaks living in the wild, births usually occur between May and June and a single calf is born every other year.",
7101
        "Yak babies are completely independent by the time that they are a year old and they are fully grown when they are between 7 and 8 years old.",
7102
        "Yaks are highly friendly in nature and there has been very little documented aggression from yaks towards human beings, although mothers can be extremely protective of their young and will bluff charge if they feel threatened.",
7103
        "Historically, the main natural predator of the wild yak has been the Tibetan wolf, but brown bears and snow leopards have also been reported as predators in some areas.",
7104
        "The wild yak is threatened by loss of habitat and over hunting by humans.",
7105
        "The yak is the most important domesticated animal for Tibet highlanders in Qinghai Province of China.",
7106
        "Yaks supply transport, milk, protein, fur, hoof, bone, skin, and tail.Even yak's dung is commonly used for fuel for the fire.",
7107
        "In local communities, yak bone is often made into exquisite handicrafts, including combs, buttons and ornaments.",
7108
        "In parts of Tibet and Karakorum, yak racing is a form of entertainment at traditional festivals and is considered an important part of their culture.",
7109
        "Yak polo, played on yaks instead of horses, was pioneered in Mongolia a decade ago."
7110
    ],
7111
    "Yellow-Eyed Penguin": [
7112
        "The yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) or hoiho is a species of penguin.",
7113
        "The yellow-eyed Penguin is often referred to as the rarest penguin in the world, although, unfortunately, there are others that could lay claim to that crown too: especially the Galapagos and Fiordland Penguins.",
7114
        "The yellow-eyed penguin may be long lived, with some individuals reaching 20 years of age.",
7115
        "The yellow-eyed penguin forages predominantly over the continental shelf between 2 km (1 mi) and 25 km (16 mi) offshore, diving to depths of 40 m (131 ft) to 120 m (394 ft).",
7116
        "Yellow-eyed penguins are known to be an almost exclusive benthic (the lowest level of a body of water) forager that searches for prey along the seafloor. Accordingly, up to 90% of their dives are benthic dives.",
7117
        "Around 90% of the yellow-eyed penguin's diet is made up of fish, chiefly demersal species that live near the seafloor. Other 10% is made from cephalopods, squid and jellyfish.",
7118
        "The yellow-eyed penguin is monogamous: a male has one female partner each breeding season.",
7119
        "Yellow-eyed penguins reproduce during the same breeding season, every year. Their breeding season starts in the middle of August and typically lasts 28 weeks. During this time, penguins find a mate and build a nest where they will lay and incubate their eggs.",
7120
        "The yellow-eyed penguin was described by Jacques Bernard Hombron and Honor\u00e9 Jacquinot in 1841 . The M\u0101ori name is hoiho.",
7121
        "The yellow-eyed penguin is endangered according to the IUCN Red List and is threatened according to the United States Federal list; estimated population is 4 thousands.",
7122
        "Yellow-eyed penguins provide a positive impact on the New Zealand economy because of the tourism industrybuilt upon viewing them.",
7123
        "The yellow-eyed penguin may be the most ancient of all living penguins.",
7124
        "The yellow-eyed penguin appears on the reverse side of the New Zealand five-dollar note."
7125
    ],
7126
    "Yorkshire Terrier": [
7127
        "The Yorkshire Terrier or Yorkie is one of the smallest dog breeds.",
7128
        "The lifespan of the Yorkshire Terrier is between 13 to 20 years.",
7129
        "A small, compact dog, the Yorkshire terrier stands about 20 to 23 cm (8 to 9 inches) with a maximum weight of 3 kg (7 pounds).",
7130
        "For Yorkshire Terriers, importance is placed on coat color, quality, and texture. The hair must be glossy, fine, straight, and silky. Standard color combinations are black and gold, black and tan, blue and gold, and blue and tan.",
7131
        "The Yorkshire Terrier originated in Yorkshire, a county in northern England.",
7132
        "In the mid-19th century, workers from Scotland came to Yorkshire in search of work and brought with them several different varieties of terriers. Breeding of the Yorkshire Terrier was \"principally accomplished by the people\u2014mostly operatives in cotton and woollen mills\u2014in the counties of Yorkshire and Lancashire.\"",
7133
        "Yorkshire Terriers were shown in a dog show category (class) at the time called \"Rough and Broken-coated, Broken-haired Scotch and Yorkshire Terriers\". However, by 1874, the breed was given the official name of the Yorkshire Terrier.",
7134
        "Huddersfield Ben was a Yorkshire Terrier whose portrait was painted by George Earl and in 1891 an authority on the breed wrote, \"Huddersfield Ben was the best stud dog of his breed during his lifetime, and one of the most remarkable dogs of any pet breed that ever lived \u2013 and most of the show specimens of the present day have one or more crosses of his blood in their pedigree.\" A show winner, Huddersfield Ben, through his puppies, helped define the Yorkshire Terrier breed. He is still referred to as \"father of the breed.\"",
7135
        "During the Victorian era, the Yorkshire Terrier was a popular pet, and show dog in England, and as Americans embraced Victorian customs, so too did they embrace the Yorkshire Terrier.",
7136
        "The Yorkshire Terrier was introduced in North America in 1872 and the first Yorkshire Terrier was registered with the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1885.",
7137
        "The Yorkshire Terrier is one of the most popular purebred in the United States.",
7138
        "\"Teacup\" Yorkshire terriers are very small Yorkshire terriers. The American Kennel Club and other kennel clubs do not acknowledge the Teacup as a variation of the breed or a separate variety. Usually a teacup is any dog weighing less than 1.8 kg (4 lb) when fully grown, when the actual breed standard is given at 3.2 kg (7 lb) maximum.",
7139
        "There are reports of a dwarf Yorkshire terrier (name unknown) from the 1940s that was barely bigger than a human fist! Owned by Arthur Marples (UK) \u2013 a former editor of Our Dogs magazine \u2013 the pint-sized Yorkie was said to have stood 7.11 cm (2.8 in) tall and measured 9.5 cm (3.75 in) long. That makes him easily the smallest dog ever on record."
7140
    ],
7141
    "Zebra": [
7142
        "Zebras are equids, members of the horse family.",
7143
        "Zebras are social animals that spend time in herds (except Grevy's zebras).",
7144
        "Zebras are herbivorous and primarily eat a variety of grasses. They are also known to eat shrubs, herbs, twigs, leaves and bark.",
7145
        "Scientists aren't sure why do zebras have stripes but many theories center on their utility as some form of camouflage.",
7146
        "Just as no two human fingerprints are alike, no two zebras have the same stripe pattern.",
7147
        "Stripes may also help zebras recognize one another.",
7148
        "Zebras communicate with each other with sounds and facial expressions.",
7149
        "Zebras have a powerful kick that can cause serious injury to a predator.",
7150
        "Zebras are important prey for lions and hyenas, and to a lesser extent for hunting dogs, leopards and cheetahs.",
7151
        "There are 3 different species: plains, mountain, and Grevy's zebras. Every species have different types of stripes, from narrow to wide.",
7152
        "The Grevy's zebra is the largest, weighing from 350 to 450 kilograms (770 to 990 lbs) and measuring up to 1.5 meters (5 feet) at the shoulder. They live in semi-arid grassland habitat in Kenya, Ethiopia, and Somalia.",
7153
        "A mountain zebra has vertical stripes on the neck and torso, which graduate to wider and fewer horizontal bars on the haunches. They inhabit rocky, arid slopes in Namibia and Angola.",
7154
        "The plains zebra is the most abundant and the smallest of the three zebra species. Some subspecies have a stripe pattern different from all others: brownish \"shadow\" stripes between the black stripes on their coat. They are found from the grasslands of East Africa to the scrubby woodlands of southern Africa.",
7155
        "Most zebras are considered nomadic, without specific territories, except the Grevy's zebra who mark their territories with urine and dung.",
7156
        "The Serengeti is the site of what most consider the most dramatic migration, with giant herds of millions of animals\u2014some 200 thousands zebras and 1.2 million wildebeests as well as gazelles and eland\u2014traveling from the Ngorongoro area in southern Tanzania to the Masai Mara in lower Kenya and returning as the rains dictate.",
7157
        "Zebra foals are born after an 12 to 13 month gestation period. They have soft, fuzzy fur, and their stripes are usually brown and white at first. The young zebra is able to stand shortly after birth and able to walk within 20 minutes of birth and can run after only an hour. This is important, since the mare needs to move with the herd to find food and water.",
7158
        "Foals must be able to recognize their mother from birth in order to survive. A foal learns its mother's stripe pattern in order to follow her. Zebra foals begin to change to adult colouration after 4 months. Although a foal may graze within a week of birth, they continue to suckle for up to 16 months.",
7159
        "It was previously believed that zebras were white animals with black stripes, since some zebras have white underbellies. Embryological evidence, however, shows that the animal's background color is black and the white stripes and bellies are additions."
7160
    ]
7161
}