qemu

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# q35 - VirtIO guest (graphical console)
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# =========================================================
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#
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# Usage:
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#
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#   $ qemu-system-x86_64 \
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#     -nodefaults \
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#     -readconfig q35-virtio-graphical.cfg
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#
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# You will probably need to tweak the lines marked as
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# CHANGE ME before being able to use this configuration!
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#
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# The guest will have a selection of VirtIO devices
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# tailored towards optimal performance with modern guests,
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# and will be accessed through a graphical console.
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#
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# ---------------------------------------------------------
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#
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# Using -nodefaults is required to have full control over
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# the virtual hardware: when it's specified, QEMU will
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# populate the board with only the builtin peripherals
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# plus a small selection of core PCI devices and
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# controllers; the user will then have to explicitly add
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# further devices.
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#
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# The core PCI devices show up in the guest as:
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#
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#   00:00.0 Host bridge
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#   00:1f.0 ISA bridge / LPC
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#   00:1f.2 SATA (AHCI) controller
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#   00:1f.3 SMBus controller
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#
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# This configuration file adds a number of other useful
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# devices, more specifically:
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#
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#   00:01.0 VGA compatible controller
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#   00:1b.0 Audio device
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#   00.1c.* PCI bridge (PCI Express Root Ports)
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#   01:00.0 SCSI storage controller
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#   02:00.0 Ethernet controller
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#   03:00.0 USB controller
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#
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# More information about these devices is available below.
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# Machine options
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# =========================================================
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#
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# We use the q35 machine type and enable KVM acceleration
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# for better performance.
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#
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# Using less than 1 GiB of memory is probably not going to
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# yield good performance in the guest, and might even lead
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# to obscure boot issues in some cases.
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[machine]
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  type = "q35"
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[accel]
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  accel = "kvm"
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[memory]
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  size = "1024"
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# PCI bridge (PCI Express Root Ports)
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# =========================================================
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#
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# We create eight PCI Express Root Ports, and we plug them
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# all into separate functions of the same slot. Some of
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# them will be used by devices, the rest will remain
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# available for hotplug.
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[device "pcie.1"]
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  driver = "pcie-root-port"
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  bus = "pcie.0"
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  addr = "1c.0"
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  port = "1"
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  chassis = "1"
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  multifunction = "on"
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[device "pcie.2"]
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  driver = "pcie-root-port"
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  bus = "pcie.0"
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  addr = "1c.1"
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  port = "2"
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  chassis = "2"
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[device "pcie.3"]
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  driver = "pcie-root-port"
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  bus = "pcie.0"
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  addr = "1c.2"
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  port = "3"
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  chassis = "3"
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[device "pcie.4"]
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  driver = "pcie-root-port"
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  bus = "pcie.0"
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  addr = "1c.3"
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  port = "4"
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  chassis = "4"
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[device "pcie.5"]
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  driver = "pcie-root-port"
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  bus = "pcie.0"
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  addr = "1c.4"
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  port = "5"
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  chassis = "5"
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[device "pcie.6"]
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  driver = "pcie-root-port"
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  bus = "pcie.0"
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  addr = "1c.5"
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  port = "6"
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  chassis = "6"
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[device "pcie.7"]
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  driver = "pcie-root-port"
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  bus = "pcie.0"
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  addr = "1c.6"
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  port = "7"
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  chassis = "7"
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[device "pcie.8"]
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  driver = "pcie-root-port"
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  bus = "pcie.0"
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  addr = "1c.7"
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  port = "8"
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  chassis = "8"
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# SCSI storage controller (and storage)
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# =========================================================
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#
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# We use virtio-scsi here so that we can (hot)plug a large
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# number of disks without running into issues; a SCSI disk,
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# backed by a qcow2 disk image on the host's filesystem, is
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# attached to it.
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#
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# We also create an optical disk, mostly for installation
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# purposes: once the guest OS has been successfully
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# installed, the guest will no longer boot from optical
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# media. If you don't want, or no longer want, to have an
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# optical disk in the guest you can safely comment out
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# all relevant sections below.
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[device "scsi"]
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  driver = "virtio-scsi-pci"
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  bus = "pcie.1"
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  addr = "00.0"
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[device "scsi-disk"]
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  driver = "scsi-hd"
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  bus = "scsi.0"
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  drive = "disk"
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  bootindex = "1"
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[drive "disk"]
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  file = "guest.qcow2"                          # CHANGE ME
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  format = "qcow2"
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  if = "none"
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[device "scsi-optical-disk"]
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  driver = "scsi-cd"
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  bus = "scsi.0"
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  drive = "optical-disk"
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  bootindex = "2"
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[drive "optical-disk"]
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  file = "install.iso"                          # CHANGE ME
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  format = "raw"
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  if = "none"
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# Ethernet controller
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# =========================================================
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#
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# We use virtio-net for improved performance over emulated
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# hardware; on the host side, we take advantage of user
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# networking so that the QEMU process doesn't require any
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# additional privileges.
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[netdev "hostnet"]
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  type = "user"
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[device "net"]
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  driver = "virtio-net-pci"
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  netdev = "hostnet"
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  bus = "pcie.2"
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  addr = "00.0"
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# USB controller (and input devices)
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# =========================================================
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#
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# We add a virtualization-friendly USB 3.0 controller and
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# a USB tablet so that graphical guests can be controlled
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# appropriately. A USB keyboard is not needed, as q35
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# guests get a PS/2 one added automatically.
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[device "usb"]
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  driver = "nec-usb-xhci"
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  bus = "pcie.3"
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  addr = "00.0"
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[device "tablet"]
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  driver = "usb-tablet"
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  bus = "usb.0"
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# VGA compatible controller
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# =========================================================
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#
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# We plug the QXL video card directly into the PCI Express
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# Root Bus as it is a legacy PCI device; this way, we can
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# reduce the number of PCI Express controllers in the
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# guest.
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#
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# If you're running the guest on a remote, potentially
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# headless host, you will probably want to append something
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# like
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#
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#   -display vnc=127.0.0.1:0
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#
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# to the command line in order to prevent QEMU from
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# creating a graphical display window on the host and
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# enable remote access instead.
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[device "video"]
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  driver = "qxl-vga"
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  bus = "pcie.0"
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  addr = "01.0"
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# Audio device
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# =========================================================
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#
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# Like the video card, the sound card is a legacy PCI
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# device and as such can be plugged directly into the PCI
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# Express Root Bus.
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[device "sound"]
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  driver = "ich9-intel-hda"
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  bus = "pcie.0"
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  addr = "1b.0"
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[device "duplex"]
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  driver = "hda-duplex"
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  bus = "sound.0"
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  cad = "0"
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  audiodev = "audiodev0"
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[audiodev "audiodev0"]
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  driver = "none"                      # CHANGE ME
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