qemu

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# mach-virt - VirtIO guest (serial console)
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# =========================================================
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#
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# Usage:
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#
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#   $ qemu-system-aarch64 \
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#     -nodefaults \
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#     -readconfig mach-virt-serial.cfg \
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#     -display none -serial mon:stdio \
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#     -cpu host
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#
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# You will probably need to tweak the lines marked as
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# CHANGE ME before being able to use this configuration!
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#
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# The guest will have a selection of VirtIO devices
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# tailored towards optimal performance with modern guests,
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# and will be accessed through the serial console.
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#
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# ---------------------------------------------------------
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#
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# Using -nodefaults is required to have full control over
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# the virtual hardware: when it's specified, QEMU will
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# populate the board with only the builtin peripherals,
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# such as the PL011 UART, plus a PCI Express Root Bus; the
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# user will then have to explicitly add further devices.
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#
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# The PCI Express Root Bus shows up in the guest as:
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#
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#   00:00.0 Host bridge
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#
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# This configuration file adds a number of other useful
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# devices, more specifically:
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#
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#   00.1c.* PCI bridge (PCI Express Root Ports)
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#   01:00.0 SCSI storage controller
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#   02:00.0 Ethernet controller
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#
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# More information about these devices is available below.
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#
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# We use '-display none' to prevent QEMU from creating a
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# graphical display window, which would serve no use in
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# this specific configuration, and '-serial mon:stdio' to
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# multiplex the guest's serial console and the QEMU monitor
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# to the host's stdio; use 'Ctrl+A h' to learn how to
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# switch between the two and more.
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# Machine options
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# =========================================================
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#
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# We use the virt machine type and enable KVM acceleration
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# for better performance.
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#
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# Using less than 1 GiB of memory is probably not going to
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# yield good performance in the guest, and might even lead
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# to obscure boot issues in some cases.
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#
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# Unfortunately, there is no way to configure the CPU model
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# in this file, so it will have to be provided on the
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# command line, but we can configure the guest to use the
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# same GIC version as the host.
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[machine]
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  type = "virt"
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  gic-version = "host"
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[accel]
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  accel = "kvm"
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[memory]
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  size = "1024"
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# Firmware configuration
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# =========================================================
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#
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# There are two parts to the firmware: a read-only image
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# containing the executable code, which is shared between
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# guests, and a read/write variable store that is owned
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# by one specific guest, exclusively, and is used to
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# record information such as the UEFI boot order.
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#
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# For any new guest, its permanent, private variable store
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# should initially be copied from the template file
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# provided along with the firmware binary.
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#
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# Depending on the OS distribution you're using on the
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# host, the name of the package containing the firmware
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# binary and variable store template, as well as the paths
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# to the files themselves, will be different. For example:
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#
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# Fedora
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#   edk2-aarch64                                      (pkg)
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#   /usr/share/edk2/aarch64/QEMU_EFI-pflash.raw       (bin)
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#   /usr/share/edk2/aarch64/vars-template-pflash.raw  (var)
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#
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# RHEL
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#   AAVMF                                             (pkg)
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#   /usr/share/AAVMF/AAVMF_CODE.fd                    (bin)
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#   /usr/share/AAVMF/AAVMF_VARS.fd                    (var)
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#
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# Debian/Ubuntu
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#   qemu-efi                                          (pkg)
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#   /usr/share/AAVMF/AAVMF_CODE.fd                    (bin)
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#   /usr/share/AAVMF/AAVMF_VARS.fd                    (var)
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[drive "uefi-binary"]
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  file = "/usr/share/AAVMF/AAVMF_CODE.fd"       # CHANGE ME
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  format = "raw"
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  if = "pflash"
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  unit = "0"
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  readonly = "on"
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[drive "uefi-varstore"]
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  file = "guest_VARS.fd"                        # CHANGE ME
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  format = "raw"
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  if = "pflash"
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  unit = "1"
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# PCI bridge (PCI Express Root Ports)
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# =========================================================
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#
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# We create eight PCI Express Root Ports, and we plug them
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# all into separate functions of the same slot. Some of
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# them will be used by devices, the rest will remain
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# available for hotplug.
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[device "pcie.1"]
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  driver = "pcie-root-port"
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  bus = "pcie.0"
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  addr = "1c.0"
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  port = "1"
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  chassis = "1"
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  multifunction = "on"
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[device "pcie.2"]
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  driver = "pcie-root-port"
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  bus = "pcie.0"
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  addr = "1c.1"
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  port = "2"
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  chassis = "2"
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[device "pcie.3"]
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  driver = "pcie-root-port"
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  bus = "pcie.0"
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  addr = "1c.2"
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  port = "3"
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  chassis = "3"
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[device "pcie.4"]
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  driver = "pcie-root-port"
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  bus = "pcie.0"
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  addr = "1c.3"
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  port = "4"
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  chassis = "4"
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[device "pcie.5"]
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  driver = "pcie-root-port"
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  bus = "pcie.0"
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  addr = "1c.4"
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  port = "5"
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  chassis = "5"
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[device "pcie.6"]
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  driver = "pcie-root-port"
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  bus = "pcie.0"
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  addr = "1c.5"
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  port = "6"
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  chassis = "6"
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[device "pcie.7"]
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  driver = "pcie-root-port"
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  bus = "pcie.0"
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  addr = "1c.6"
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  port = "7"
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  chassis = "7"
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[device "pcie.8"]
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  driver = "pcie-root-port"
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  bus = "pcie.0"
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  addr = "1c.7"
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  port = "8"
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  chassis = "8"
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# SCSI storage controller (and storage)
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# =========================================================
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#
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# We use virtio-scsi here so that we can (hot)plug a large
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# number of disks without running into issues; a SCSI disk,
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# backed by a qcow2 disk image on the host's filesystem, is
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# attached to it.
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#
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# We also create an optical disk, mostly for installation
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# purposes: once the guest OS has been successfully
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# installed, the guest will no longer boot from optical
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# media. If you don't want, or no longer want, to have an
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# optical disk in the guest you can safely comment out
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# all relevant sections below.
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[device "scsi"]
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  driver = "virtio-scsi-pci"
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  bus = "pcie.1"
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  addr = "00.0"
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[device "scsi-disk"]
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  driver = "scsi-hd"
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  bus = "scsi.0"
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  drive = "disk"
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  bootindex = "1"
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[drive "disk"]
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  file = "guest.qcow2"                          # CHANGE ME
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  format = "qcow2"
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  if = "none"
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[device "scsi-optical-disk"]
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  driver = "scsi-cd"
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  bus = "scsi.0"
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  drive = "optical-disk"
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  bootindex = "2"
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[drive "optical-disk"]
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  file = "install.iso"                          # CHANGE ME
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  format = "raw"
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  if = "none"
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# Ethernet controller
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# =========================================================
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#
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# We use virtio-net for improved performance over emulated
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# hardware; on the host side, we take advantage of user
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# networking so that the QEMU process doesn't require any
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# additional privileges.
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[netdev "hostnet"]
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  type = "user"
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[device "net"]
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  driver = "virtio-net-pci"
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  netdev = "hostnet"
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  bus = "pcie.2"
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  addr = "00.0"
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