tests/test_future/test_int.py - master - valemobil/python-future

tests/test_future/test_int.py
1 096 строк38 KB
Kyle Altendorf
Fix several warnings
20 ноя 2018, 01:44
20 ноя 2018, 01:4402fdb32
"""
int tests from Py3.3
"""

from __future__ import (absolute_import, division,
                        print_function, unicode_literals)
from future.builtins import *
from future.tests.base import unittest, expectedFailurePY2
from future.utils import PY26, PY2, raise_from

import sys
import random
import array

try:
    import numpy as np
except ImportError:
    np = None

try:
    from future.standard_library.test import support
except ImportError:
    def cpython_only(f):
        return f
else:
    cpython_only = support.cpython_only


L = [
        ('0', 0),
        ('1', 1),
        ('9', 9),
        ('10', 10),
        ('99', 99),
        ('100', 100),
        ('314', 314),
        (' 314', 314),
        ('314 ', 314),
        ('  \t\t  314  \t\t  ', 314),
        (repr(sys.maxsize), sys.maxsize),
        ('  1x', ValueError),
        ('  1  ', 1),
        ('  1\02  ', ValueError),
        ('', ValueError),
        (' ', ValueError),
        ('  \t\t  ', ValueError),
        ("\u0200", ValueError)
]

class IntTestCases(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.longMessage = True

    def test_isinstance_int_subclass(self):
        """
        Issue #89
        """
        value = int(10)
        class Magic(int):
            pass
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(value, int))
        self.assertFalse(isinstance(value, Magic))

    def test_basic(self):
        self.assertEqual(int(314), 314)
        self.assertEqual(int(3.14), 3)
        # Check that conversion from float truncates towards zero
        self.assertEqual(int(-3.14), -3)
        self.assertEqual(int(3.9), 3)
        self.assertEqual(int(-3.9), -3)
        self.assertEqual(int(3.5), 3)
        self.assertEqual(int(-3.5), -3)
        self.assertEqual(int("-3"), -3)
        self.assertEqual(int(" -3 "), -3)
        self.assertEqual(int("\N{EM SPACE}-3\N{EN SPACE}"), -3)
        # Different base:
        self.assertEqual(int("10",16), 16)
        # Test conversion from strings and various anomalies
        for s, v in L:
            for sign in "", "+", "-":
                for prefix in "", " ", "\t", "  \t\t  ":
                    ss = prefix + sign + s
                    vv = v
                    if sign == "-" and v is not ValueError:
                        vv = -v
                    try:
                        self.assertEqual(int(ss), vv)
                    except ValueError:
                        pass

        s = repr(-1-sys.maxsize)
        x = int(s)
        self.assertEqual(x+1, -sys.maxsize)
        self.assertIsInstance(x, int)
        # should return int
        self.assertEqual(int(s[1:]), sys.maxsize+1)

        # should return int
        x = int(1e100)
        self.assertIsInstance(x, int)
        x = int(-1e100)
        self.assertIsInstance(x, int)


        # SF bug 434186:  0x80000000/2 != 0x80000000>>1.
        # Worked by accident in Windows release build, but failed in debug build.
        # Failed in all Linux builds.
        x = -1-sys.maxsize
        self.assertEqual(x >> 1, x//2)

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '123\0')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '53', 40)

        # SF bug 1545497: embedded NULs were not detected with
        # explicit base
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '123\0', 10)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '123\x00 245', 20)

        x = int('1' * 600)
        self.assertIsInstance(x, int)


        self.assertRaises(TypeError, int, 1, 12)

        self.assertEqual(int('0o123', 0), 83)
        self.assertEqual(int('0x123', 16), 291)

        # Bug 1679: "0x" is not a valid hex literal
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, "0x", 16)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, "0x", 0)

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, "0o", 8)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, "0o", 0)

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, "0b", 2)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, "0b", 0)

        # SF bug 1334662: int(string, base) wrong answers
        # Various representations of 2**32 evaluated to 0
        # rather than 2**32 in previous versions

        self.assertEqual(int('100000000000000000000000000000000', 2), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('102002022201221111211', 3), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('10000000000000000', 4), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('32244002423141', 5), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('1550104015504', 6), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('211301422354', 7), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('40000000000', 8), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('12068657454', 9), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('4294967296', 10), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('1904440554', 11), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('9ba461594', 12), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('535a79889', 13), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('2ca5b7464', 14), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('1a20dcd81', 15), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('100000000', 16), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('a7ffda91', 17), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('704he7g4', 18), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('4f5aff66', 19), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('3723ai4g', 20), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('281d55i4', 21), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('1fj8b184', 22), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('1606k7ic', 23), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('mb994ag', 24), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('hek2mgl', 25), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('dnchbnm', 26), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('b28jpdm', 27), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('8pfgih4', 28), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('76beigg', 29), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('5qmcpqg', 30), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('4q0jto4', 31), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('4000000', 32), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('3aokq94', 33), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('2qhxjli', 34), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('2br45qb', 35), 4294967296)
        self.assertEqual(int('1z141z4', 36), 4294967296)

        # tests with base 0
        # this fails on 3.0, but in 2.x the old octal syntax is allowed
        self.assertEqual(int(' 0o123  ', 0), 83)
        self.assertEqual(int(' 0o123  ', 0), 83)
        self.assertEqual(int('000', 0), 0)
        self.assertEqual(int('0o123', 0), 83)
        self.assertEqual(int('0x123', 0), 291)
        self.assertEqual(int('0b100', 0), 4)
        self.assertEqual(int(' 0O123   ', 0), 83)
        self.assertEqual(int(' 0X123  ', 0), 291)
        self.assertEqual(int(' 0B100 ', 0), 4)

        # without base still base 10
        self.assertEqual(int('0123'), 123)
        self.assertEqual(int('0123', 10), 123)

        # tests with prefix and base != 0
        self.assertEqual(int('0x123', 16), 291)
        self.assertEqual(int('0o123', 8), 83)
        self.assertEqual(int('0b100', 2), 4)
        self.assertEqual(int('0X123', 16), 291)
        self.assertEqual(int('0O123', 8), 83)
        self.assertEqual(int('0B100', 2), 4)

        # the code has special checks for the first character after the
        #  type prefix
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0b2', 2)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0b02', 2)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0B2', 2)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0B02', 2)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0o8', 8)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0o08', 8)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0O8', 8)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0O08', 8)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0xg', 16)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0x0g', 16)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0Xg', 16)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0X0g', 16)

        # SF bug 1334662: int(string, base) wrong answers
        # Checks for proper evaluation of 2**32 + 1
        self.assertEqual(int('100000000000000000000000000000001', 2), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('102002022201221111212', 3), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('10000000000000001', 4), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('32244002423142', 5), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('1550104015505', 6), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('211301422355', 7), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('40000000001', 8), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('12068657455', 9), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('4294967297', 10), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('1904440555', 11), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('9ba461595', 12), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('535a7988a', 13), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('2ca5b7465', 14), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('1a20dcd82', 15), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('100000001', 16), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('a7ffda92', 17), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('704he7g5', 18), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('4f5aff67', 19), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('3723ai4h', 20), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('281d55i5', 21), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('1fj8b185', 22), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('1606k7id', 23), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('mb994ah', 24), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('hek2mgm', 25), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('dnchbnn', 26), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('b28jpdn', 27), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('8pfgih5', 28), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('76beigh', 29), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('5qmcpqh', 30), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('4q0jto5', 31), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('4000001', 32), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('3aokq95', 33), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('2qhxjlj', 34), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('2br45qc', 35), 4294967297)
        self.assertEqual(int('1z141z5', 36), 4294967297)

    @expectedFailurePY2     # fails on Py2
    @cpython_only
    def test_small_ints(self):
        # Bug #3236: Return small longs from PyLong_FromString
        self.assertIs(int('10'), 10)
        self.assertIs(int('-1'), -1)
        self.assertIs(int(b'10'), 10)
        self.assertIs(int(b'-1'), -1)

    def test_no_args(self):
        self.assertEqual(int(), 0)

    @unittest.skipIf(sys.version_info >= (3, 7),
            "The first parameter must be positional with Python >= 3.7"
    )
    def test_x_keyword_arg(self):
        # Test invoking int() using keyword arguments.
        self.assertEqual(int(x=1.2), 1)
        self.assertEqual(int(x='100', base=2), 4)

    def text_base_keyword_arg(self):
        self.assertEqual(int('100', base=2), 4)

    def test_newint_plus_float(self):
        minutes = int(100)
        second = 0.0
        seconds = minutes*60 + second
        self.assertEqual(seconds, 6000)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(seconds, float))

    @expectedFailurePY2
    def test_keyword_args_2(self):
        # newint causes these to fail:
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, int, base=10)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, int, base=0)

    def test_non_numeric_input_types(self):
        # Test possible non-numeric types for the argument x, including
        # subclasses of the explicitly documented accepted types.
        class CustomStr(str): pass
        class CustomBytes(bytes): pass
        class CustomByteArray(bytearray): pass

        values = [b'100',
                  bytearray(b'100'),
                  CustomStr('100'),
                  CustomBytes(b'100'),
                  CustomByteArray(b'100')]

        for x in values:
            msg = 'x has type %s' % type(x).__name__
            self.assertEqual(int(x), 100, msg=msg)
            self.assertEqual(int(x, 2), 4, msg=msg)

    def test_newint_of_newstr(self):
        a = str(u'123')
        b = int(a)
        self.assertEqual(b, 123)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b, int))

    def test_string_float(self):
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '1.2')

    def test_intconversion(self):
        # Test __int__()
        class ClassicMissingMethods:
            pass
        # The following raises an AttributeError (for '__trunc__') on Py2
        # but a TypeError on Py3 (which uses new-style classes).
        # Perhaps nothing is to be done but avoiding old-style classes!
        # ...
        # self.assertRaises(TypeError, int, ClassicMissingMethods())

        class MissingMethods(object):
            pass
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, int, MissingMethods())

        class Foo0:
            def __int__(self):
                return 42

        class Foo1(object):
            def __int__(self):
                return 42

        class Foo2(int):
            def __int__(self):
                return 42

        class Foo3(int):
            def __int__(self):
                return self.real

        class Foo4(int):
            def __int__(self):
                return 42

        class Foo5(int):
            def __int__(self):
                return 42.

        self.assertEqual(int(Foo0()), 42)
        self.assertEqual(int(Foo1()), 42)
        self.assertEqual(int(Foo2()), 42)
        self.assertEqual(int(Foo3()), 0)
        self.assertEqual(int(Foo4()), 42)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, int, Foo5())

        class Classic:
            pass
        for base in (object, Classic):
            class IntOverridesTrunc(base):
                def __int__(self):
                    return 42
                def __trunc__(self):
                    return -12
            self.assertEqual(int(IntOverridesTrunc()), 42)

            class JustTrunc(base):
                def __trunc__(self):
                    return 42
            # This fails on Python 2.x:
            # if not PY26:
            #     self.assertEqual(int(JustTrunc()), 42)

            for trunc_result_base in (object, Classic):
                class Integral(trunc_result_base):
                    def __int__(self):
                        return 42

                class TruncReturnsNonInt(base):
                    def __trunc__(self):
                        return Integral()
                # Fails on Python 2.6:
                # self.assertEqual(int(TruncReturnsNonInt()), 42)

                class NonIntegral(trunc_result_base):
                    def __trunc__(self):
                        # Check that we avoid infinite recursion.
                        return NonIntegral()

                class TruncReturnsNonIntegral(base):
                    def __trunc__(self):
                        return NonIntegral()
                try:
                    int(TruncReturnsNonIntegral())
                except TypeError as e:
                    # self.assertEqual(str(e),
                    #                   "__trunc__ returned non-Integral"
                    #                   " (type NonIntegral)")
                    pass
                else:
                    self.fail("Failed to raise TypeError with %s" %
                              ((base, trunc_result_base),))

                # Regression test for bugs.python.org/issue16060.
                class BadInt(trunc_result_base):
                    def __int__(self):
                        return 42.0

                class TruncReturnsBadInt(base):
                    def __trunc__(self):
                        return BadInt()

                with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
                    int(TruncReturnsBadInt())

    ####################################################################
    # future-specific tests are below:
    ####################################################################

    # Exception messages in Py2 are 8-bit strings. The following fails,
    # even if the testlist strings are wrapped in str() calls...
    @expectedFailurePY2
    def test_error_message(self):
        testlist = ('\xbd', '123\xbd', '  123 456  ')
        for s in testlist:
            try:
                int(s)
            except ValueError as e:
                self.assertIn(s.strip(), e.args[0])
            else:
                self.fail("Expected int(%r) to raise a ValueError", s)

    def test_bytes_mul(self):
        self.assertEqual(b'\x00' * int(5), b'\x00' * 5)
        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'\x00') * int(5), bytes(b'\x00') * 5)

    def test_str_mul(self):
        self.assertEqual(u'\x00' * int(5), u'\x00' * 5)
        self.assertEqual(str(u'\x00') * int(5), str(u'\x00') * 5)

    def test_int_bytes(self):
        self.assertEqual(int(b'a\r\n', 16), 10)
        self.assertEqual(int(bytes(b'a\r\n'), 16), 10)

    def test_divmod(self):
        """
        Test int.__divmod__
        """
        vals = [10**i for i in range(0, 20)]
        for i in range(200):
            x = random.choice(vals)
            y = random.choice(vals)
            assert divmod(int(x), int(y)) == divmod(x, y)
            assert divmod(int(-x), int(y)) == divmod(-x, y)
            assert divmod(int(x), int(-y)) == divmod(x, -y)
            assert divmod(int(-x), int(-y)) == divmod(-x, -y)

            assert divmod(int(x), float(y)) == divmod(x, float(y))
            assert divmod(int(-x), float(y)) == divmod(-x, float(y))
            assert divmod(int(x), float(-y)) == divmod(x, float(-y))
            assert divmod(int(-x), float(-y)) == divmod(-x, float(-y))

        def _frange(x, y, step):
            _x = x ; i = 0
            while _x < y:
                yield _x
                i += 1 ; _x = x + i * step

        for i in range(20):
            for d in _frange(0.005, 5.0, 0.005):
                self.assertEqual(divmod(int(i), d), divmod(i, d), msg='i={0}; d={1}'.format(i, d))
                self.assertEqual(divmod(int(-i), d), divmod(-i, d), msg='i={0}; d={1}'.format(i, d))
                self.assertEqual(divmod(int(i), -d), divmod(i, -d), msg='i={0}; d={1}'.format(i, d))
                self.assertEqual(divmod(int(-i), -d), divmod(-i, -d), msg='i={0}; d={1}'.format(i, d))

    def test_div(self):
        """
        Issue #38
        """
        a = int(3)
        self.assertEqual(a / 5., 0.6)
        self.assertEqual(a / 5, 0.6)    # the __future__.division import is in
                                        # effect

    def test_truediv(self):
        """
        Test int.__truediv__ and friends (rtruediv, itruediv)
        """
        a = int(3)
        self.assertEqual(a / 2, 1.5)  # since "from __future__ import division"
                                      # is in effect
        self.assertEqual(type(a / 2), float)

        b = int(2)
        self.assertEqual(a / b, 1.5)  # since "from __future__ import division"
                                      # is in effect
        self.assertEqual(type(a / b), float)

        c = int(3) / b
        self.assertEqual(c, 1.5)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, float))

        d = int(5)
        d /= 5
        self.assertEqual(d, 1.0)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, float))

        e = int(10)
        f = int(20)
        e /= f
        self.assertEqual(e, 0.5)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, float))


    def test_idiv(self):
        a = int(3)
        a /= 2
        self.assertEqual(a, 1.5)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a, float))
        b = int(10)
        b /= 2
        self.assertEqual(b, 5.0)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b, float))
        c = int(-3)
        c /= 2.0
        self.assertEqual(c, -1.5)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, float))

    def test_floordiv(self):
        a = int(3)
        self.assertEqual(a // 2, 1)
        self.assertEqual(type(a // 2), int)    # i.e. another newint
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a // 2, int))

        b = int(2)
        self.assertEqual(a // b, 1)
        self.assertEqual(type(a // b), int)    # i.e. another newint
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a // b, int))

        c = 3 // b
        self.assertEqual(c, 1)
        self.assertEqual(type(c), int)         # i.e. another newint
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, int))

        d = int(5)
        d //= 5
        self.assertEqual(d, 1)
        self.assertEqual(type(d), int)         # i.e. another newint
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, int))

        e = int(10)
        f = int(20)
        e //= f
        self.assertEqual(e, 0)
        self.assertEqual(type(e), int)         # i.e. another newint
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, int))


    def test_div(self):
        """
        Issue #38
        """
        a = int(3)
        self.assertEqual(a / 5., 0.6)
        self.assertEqual(a / 5, 0.6)    # the __future__.division import is in
                                        # effect

    def test_truediv(self):
        """
        Test int.__truediv__ and friends (rtruediv, itruediv)
        """
        a = int(3)
        self.assertEqual(a / 2, 1.5)  # since "from __future__ import division"
                                      # is in effect
        self.assertEqual(type(a / 2), float)

        b = int(2)
        self.assertEqual(a / b, 1.5)  # since "from __future__ import division"
                                      # is in effect
        self.assertEqual(type(a / b), float)

        c = int(3) / b
        self.assertEqual(c, 1.5)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, float))

        d = int(5)
        d /= 5
        self.assertEqual(d, 1.0)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, float))

        e = int(10)
        f = int(20)
        e /= f
        self.assertEqual(e, 0.5)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, float))


    def test_idiv(self):
        a = int(3)
        a /= 2
        self.assertEqual(a, 1.5)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a, float))
        b = int(10)
        b /= 2
        self.assertEqual(b, 5.0)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b, float))
        c = int(-3)
        c /= 2.0
        self.assertEqual(c, -1.5)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, float))


    def test_floordiv(self):
        a = int(3)
        self.assertEqual(a // 2, 1)
        self.assertEqual(type(a // 2), int)    # i.e. another newint
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a // 2, int))

        b = int(2)
        self.assertEqual(a // b, 1)
        self.assertEqual(type(a // b), int)    # i.e. another newint
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a // b, int))

        c = 3 // b
        self.assertEqual(c, 1)
        self.assertEqual(type(c), int)         # i.e. another newint
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, int))

        d = int(5)
        d //= 5
        self.assertEqual(d, 1)
        self.assertEqual(type(d), int)         # i.e. another newint
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, int))

        e = int(10)
        f = int(20)
        e //= f
        self.assertEqual(e, 0)
        self.assertEqual(type(e), int)         # i.e. another newint
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, int))

    @unittest.skipIf(np is None, "test requires NumPy")
    @unittest.expectedFailure
    def test_numpy_cast_as_long_and_newint(self):
        """
        NumPy currently doesn't like subclasses of ``long``. This should be fixed.
        """
        class longsubclass(long):
            pass

        a = np.arange(10**3, dtype=np.float64).reshape(10, 100)
        b = a.astype(longsubclass)
        c = a.astype(int)
        print(b.dtype)
        assert b.dtype == np.int64 == c.dtype

    def test_upcasting_to_floats(self):
        """
        Integers should automatically be upcasted to floats for arithmetic
        operations.
        """
        a = int(3)

        # Addition with floats.
        self.assertEqual(a + 0.5, 3.5)
        self.assertEqual(0.5 + a, 3.5)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a + 0.5, float))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(0.5 + a, float))

        # Subtraction with floats.
        self.assertEqual(a - 0.5, 2.5)
        self.assertEqual(0.5 - a, -2.5)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a - 0.5, float))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(0.5 - a, float))

        # Multiplication with floats.
        self.assertEqual(a * 0.5, 1.5)
        self.assertEqual(0.5 * a, 1.5)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a * 0.5, float))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(0.5 * a, float))

        # Division with floats.
        self.assertEqual(a / 0.5, 6.0)
        self.assertEqual(0.5 / a, 0.5 / 3.0)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a / 0.5, float))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(0.5 / a, float))

        # Modulo with floats.
        self.assertEqual(a % 0.5, 0.0)
        self.assertEqual(0.5 % a, 0.5)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a % 0.5, float))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(0.5 % a, float))

        # Power with floats.
        self.assertEqual(1.0 ** a, 1.0)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(1.0 ** a, float))

        self.assertEqual(a ** 1.0, a)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a ** 1.0, float))

    def test_upcasting_to_complex(self):
        """
        Integers should automatically be upcasted to complex numbers for
        arithmetic operations.

        Python 3 cannot mod complex numbers so this does not have to be
        supported here.
        """
        a = int(3)

        # Addition with complex.
        self.assertEqual(a + 0.5j, 3.0 + 0.5j)
        self.assertEqual(0.5j + a, 3.0 + 0.5j)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a + 0.5j, complex))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(0.5j + a, complex))

        # Subtraction with complex.
        self.assertEqual(a - 0.5j, 3.0 - 0.5j)
        self.assertEqual(0.5j - a, -3.0 + 0.5j)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a - 0.5j, complex))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(0.5j - a, complex))

        # Multiplication with complex.
        self.assertEqual(a * 0.5j, 1.5j)
        self.assertEqual(0.5j * a, 1.5j)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a * 0.5j, complex))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(0.5j * a, complex))

        # Division with complex.
        self.assertEqual(a / 0.5j, -6.0j)
        self.assertEqual(0.5j / a, (0.5 / 3.0) * 1j)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a / 0.5j, complex))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(0.5j / a, complex))

        # Power with floats.
        self.assertEqual(5.0j ** int(1), 5.0j)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(5.0j ** int(1), complex))

        self.assertEqual(a ** 1.0j, 3.0 ** 1.0j)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a ** 1.0j, complex))

    def test_more_arithmetics(self):
        """
        More arithmetic tests to improve test coverage.
        """
        a = int(3)
        b = int(5)
        c = int(-5)

        self.assertEqual(b - a, 2)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b - a, int))

        self.assertEqual(a * b, 15)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a * b, int))

        self.assertEqual(b % a, 2)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b % a, int))

        self.assertEqual(a ** b, 243)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a ** b, int))

        self.assertEqual(abs(c), 5)
        self.assertEqual(abs(c), b)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(abs(c), int))

    def test_bitwise_operations(self):
        """
        Tests bitwise operations.
        """
        a = int(3)
        b = int(1)

        self.assertEqual(a >> b, 1)
        self.assertEqual(a >> 1, 1)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a >> b, int))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a >> 1, int))

        self.assertEqual(a << b, 6)
        self.assertEqual(a << 1, 6)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a << b, int))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a << 1, int))

        self.assertEqual(a & b, 1)
        self.assertEqual(a & 1, 1)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a & b, int))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a & 1, int))

        self.assertEqual(a | b, 3)
        self.assertEqual(a | 1, 3)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a | b, int))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a | 1, int))

        self.assertEqual(a ^ b, 2)
        self.assertEqual(a ^ 1, 2)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a ^ b, int))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a ^ 1, int))

        self.assertEqual(~a, -4)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(~a, int))

    def test_unary_operators(self):
        a = int(3)
        b = int(-3)

        self.assertEqual(+a, a)
        self.assertEqual(+a, 3)
        self.assertEqual(+b, b)
        self.assertEqual(+b, -3)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(+a, int))

        self.assertEqual(-a, b)
        self.assertEqual(-a, -3)
        self.assertEqual(-b, a)
        self.assertEqual(-b, 3)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(-a, int))

    def test_to_bytes(self):
        def check(tests, byteorder, signed=False):
            for test, expected in tests.items():
                try:
                    self.assertEqual(
                        int(test).to_bytes(len(expected), byteorder, signed=signed),
                        expected)
                except Exception as err:
                    raise_from(AssertionError(
                        "failed to convert {0} with byteorder={1} and signed={2}"
                        .format(test, byteorder, signed)), err)

        # Convert integers to signed big-endian byte arrays.
        tests1 = {
            0: bytes(b'\x00'),
            1: bytes(b'\x01'),
            -1: bytes(b'\xff'),
            -127: bytes(b'\x81'),
            -128: bytes(b'\x80'),
            -129: bytes(b'\xff\x7f'),
            127: bytes(b'\x7f'),
            129: bytes(b'\x00\x81'),
            -255: bytes(b'\xff\x01'),
            -256: bytes(b'\xff\x00'),
            255: bytes(b'\x00\xff'),
            256: bytes(b'\x01\x00'),
            32767: bytes(b'\x7f\xff'),
            -32768: bytes(b'\xff\x80\x00'),
            65535: bytes(b'\x00\xff\xff'),
            -65536: bytes(b'\xff\x00\x00'),
            -8388608: bytes(b'\x80\x00\x00')
        }
        check(tests1, 'big', signed=True)

        # Convert integers to signed little-endian byte arrays.
        tests2 = {
            0: bytes(b'\x00'),
            1: bytes(b'\x01'),
            -1: bytes(b'\xff'),
            -127: bytes(b'\x81'),
            -128: bytes(b'\x80'),
            -129: bytes(b'\x7f\xff'),
            127: bytes(b'\x7f'),
            129: bytes(b'\x81\x00'),
            -255: bytes(b'\x01\xff'),
            -256: bytes(b'\x00\xff'),
            255: bytes(b'\xff\x00'),
            256: bytes(b'\x00\x01'),
            32767: bytes(b'\xff\x7f'),
            -32768: bytes(b'\x00\x80'),
            65535: bytes(b'\xff\xff\x00'),
            -65536: bytes(b'\x00\x00\xff'),
            -8388608: bytes(b'\x00\x00\x80')
        }
        check(tests2, 'little', signed=True)

        # Convert integers to unsigned big-endian byte arrays.
        tests3 = {
            0: bytes(b'\x00'),
            1: bytes(b'\x01'),
            127: bytes(b'\x7f'),
            128: bytes(b'\x80'),
            255: bytes(b'\xff'),
            256: bytes(b'\x01\x00'),
            32767: bytes(b'\x7f\xff'),
            32768: bytes(b'\x80\x00'),
            65535: bytes(b'\xff\xff'),
            65536: bytes(b'\x01\x00\x00')
        }
        check(tests3, 'big', signed=False)

        # Convert integers to unsigned little-endian byte arrays.
        tests4 = {
            0: bytes(b'\x00'),
            1: bytes(b'\x01'),
            127: bytes(b'\x7f'),
            128: bytes(b'\x80'),
            255: bytes(b'\xff'),
            256: bytes(b'\x00\x01'),
            32767: bytes(b'\xff\x7f'),
            32768: bytes(b'\x00\x80'),
            65535: bytes(b'\xff\xff'),
            65536: bytes(b'\x00\x00\x01')
        }
        check(tests4, 'little', signed=False)

        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, int(256).to_bytes, 1, 'big', signed=False)
        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, int(256).to_bytes, 1, 'big', signed=True)
        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, int(256).to_bytes, 1, 'little', signed=False)
        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, int(256).to_bytes, 1, 'little', signed=True)
        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, int(-1).to_bytes, 2, 'big', signed=False),
        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, int(-1).to_bytes, 2, 'little', signed=False)
        self.assertEqual(int(0).to_bytes(0, 'big'), b'')
        self.assertEqual(int(1).to_bytes(5, 'big'), b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01')
        self.assertEqual(int(0).to_bytes(5, 'big'), b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')
        self.assertEqual(int(-1).to_bytes(5, 'big', signed=True),
                         bytes(b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff'))
        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, int(1).to_bytes, 0, 'big')

    def test_from_bytes(self):
        def check(tests, byteorder, signed=False):
            for test, expected in tests.items():
                try:
                    self.assertEqual(
                        int.from_bytes(test, byteorder, signed=signed),
                        int(expected))
                except Exception as err:
                    raise_from(AssertionError(
                        "failed to convert {0} with byteorder={1!r} and signed={2}"
                        .format(test, byteorder, signed)), err)

        # Convert signed big-endian byte arrays to integers.
        tests1 = {
            bytes(b''): 0,
            bytes(b'\x00'): 0,
            bytes(b'\x00\x00'): 0,
            bytes(b'\x01'): 1,
            bytes(b'\x00\x01'): 1,
            bytes(b'\xff'): -1,
            bytes(b'\xff\xff'): -1,
            bytes(b'\x81'): -127,
            bytes(b'\x80'): -128,
            bytes(b'\xff\x7f'): -129,
            bytes(b'\x7f'): 127,
            bytes(b'\x00\x81'): 129,
            bytes(b'\xff\x01'): -255,
            bytes(b'\xff\x00'): -256,
            bytes(b'\x00\xff'): 255,
            bytes(b'\x01\x00'): 256,
            bytes(b'\x7f\xff'): 32767,
            bytes(b'\x80\x00'): -32768,
            bytes(b'\x00\xff\xff'): 65535,
            bytes(b'\xff\x00\x00'): -65536,
            bytes(b'\x80\x00\x00'): -8388608
        }
        # check(tests1, 'big', signed=True)

        # Convert signed little-endian byte arrays to integers.
        tests2 = {
            bytes(b''): 0,
            bytes(b'\x00'): 0,
            bytes(b'\x00\x00'): 0,
            bytes(b'\x01'): 1,
            bytes(b'\x00\x01'): 256,
            bytes(b'\xff'): -1,
            bytes(b'\xff\xff'): -1,
            bytes(b'\x81'): -127,
            bytes(b'\x80'): -128,
            bytes(b'\x7f\xff'): -129,
            bytes(b'\x7f'): 127,
            bytes(b'\x81\x00'): 129,
            bytes(b'\x01\xff'): -255,
            bytes(b'\x00\xff'): -256,
            bytes(b'\xff\x00'): 255,
            bytes(b'\x00\x01'): 256,
            bytes(b'\xff\x7f'): 32767,
            bytes(b'\x00\x80'): -32768,
            bytes(b'\xff\xff\x00'): 65535,
            bytes(b'\x00\x00\xff'): -65536,
            bytes(b'\x00\x00\x80'): -8388608
        }
        # check(tests2, 'little', signed=True)

        # Convert unsigned big-endian byte arrays to integers.
        tests3 = {
            bytes(b''): 0,
            bytes(b'\x00'): 0,
            bytes(b'\x01'): 1,
            bytes(b'\x7f'): 127,
            bytes(b'\x80'): 128,
            bytes(b'\xff'): 255,
            bytes(b'\x01\x00'): 256,
            bytes(b'\x7f\xff'): 32767,
            bytes(b'\x80\x00'): 32768,
            bytes(b'\xff\xff'): 65535,
            bytes(b'\x01\x00\x00'): 65536,
        }
        check(tests3, 'big', signed=False)

        # Convert integers to unsigned little-endian byte arrays.
        tests4 = {
            bytes(b''): 0,
            bytes(b'\x00'): 0,
            bytes(b'\x01'): 1,
            bytes(b'\x7f'): 127,
            bytes(b'\x80'): 128,
            bytes(b'\xff'): 255,
            bytes(b'\x00\x01'): 256,
            bytes(b'\xff\x7f'): 32767,
            bytes(b'\x00\x80'): 32768,
            bytes(b'\xff\xff'): 65535,
            bytes(b'\x00\x00\x01'): 65536,
        }
        check(tests4, 'little', signed=False)

        class myint(int):
            pass

        if PY2:
            import __builtin__
            oldbytes = __builtin__.bytes
            types = (bytes, oldbytes)
        else:
            types = (bytes,)
        for mytype in types:
            self.assertIs(type(myint.from_bytes(mytype(b'\x00'), 'big')), myint)
            self.assertEqual(myint.from_bytes(mytype(b'\x01'), 'big'), 1)
            self.assertIs(
                type(myint.from_bytes(mytype(b'\x00'), 'big', signed=False)), myint)
            self.assertEqual(myint.from_bytes(mytype(b'\x01'), 'big', signed=False), 1)
            self.assertIs(type(myint.from_bytes(mytype(b'\x00'), 'little')), myint)
            self.assertEqual(myint.from_bytes(mytype(b'\x01'), 'little'), 1)
            self.assertIs(type(myint.from_bytes(
                mytype(b'\x00'), 'little', signed=False)), myint)
            self.assertEqual(myint.from_bytes(mytype(b'\x01'), 'little', signed=False), 1)
            # self.assertEqual(
            #     int.from_bytes([255, 0, 0], 'big', signed=True), -65536)
            # self.assertEqual(
            #     int.from_bytes((255, 0, 0), 'big', signed=True), -65536)
            # self.assertEqual(int.from_bytes(
            #     bytearray(mytype(b'\xff\x00\x00')), 'big', signed=True), -65536)
            # self.assertEqual(int.from_bytes(
            #     bytearray(mytype(b'\xff\x00\x00')), 'big', signed=True), -65536)
            # self.assertEqual(int.from_bytes(
            #     array.array('B', mytype(b'\xff\x00\x00')), 'big', signed=True), -65536)
            # self.assertEqual(int.from_bytes(
            #     memoryview(mytype(b'\xff\x00\x00')), 'big', signed=True), -65536)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, int.from_bytes, u"", 'big')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, int.from_bytes, u"\x00", 'big')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, myint.from_bytes, u"", 'big')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, myint.from_bytes, u"\x00", 'big')

        types = (int, lambda x: x) if PY2 else (lambda x: x,)
        for mytype in types:
            self.assertRaises(ValueError, int.from_bytes, [mytype(256)], 'big')
            self.assertRaises(ValueError, int.from_bytes, [mytype(0)], 'big\x00')
            self.assertRaises(ValueError, int.from_bytes, [mytype(0)], 'little\x00')
            self.assertRaises(TypeError, int.from_bytes, mytype(0), 'big')
            # self.assertRaises(TypeError, int.from_bytes, mytype(0), 'big', True)
            self.assertRaises(TypeError, myint.from_bytes, mytype(0), 'big')
            # self.assertRaises(TypeError, int.from_bytes, mytype(0), 'big', True)

    @expectedFailurePY2
    def test_multiple_inheritance(self):
        """
        Issue #96 (for newint instead of newobject)
        """
        import collections.abc

        class Base(int):
            pass

        class Foo(Base, collections.abc.Container):
            def __add__(self, other):
                return 0

    @expectedFailurePY2
    def test_with_metaclass_and_int(self):
        """
        Issue #91 (for newint instead of newobject)
        """
        from future.utils import with_metaclass

        class MetaClass(type):
            pass

        class TestClass(with_metaclass(MetaClass, int)):
            pass


if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()