cython

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from cython cimport typeof
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def test(ptrdiff_t i):
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    """
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    >>> int(test(0))
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    0
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    >>> int(test(1))
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    1
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    >>> int(test(2))
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    2
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    >>> int(test(-1))
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    -1
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    >>> int(test(-2))
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    -2
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    >>> int(test((1<<31)-1))
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    2147483647
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    """
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    return i
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cdef class A:
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    """
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    >>> try: test(1<<200)
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    ... except (OverflowError, TypeError): print("ERROR")
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    ERROR
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    >>> a = A(1,2)
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    >>> a.a == 1
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    True
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    >>> a.b == 2
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    True
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    >>> print(a.foo(5))
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    5
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    >>> try: a.foo(1<<200)
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    ... except (OverflowError, TypeError): print("ERROR")
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    ERROR
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    """
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    cdef public ptrdiff_t a
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    cdef readonly ptrdiff_t b
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    def __init__(self, ptrdiff_t a, object b):
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        self.a = a
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        self.b = b
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    cpdef ptrdiff_t foo(self, ptrdiff_t x):
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        cdef object o = x
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        return o
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def test_types():
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    """
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    >>> test_types()
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    """
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    cdef int a = 1, b = 2
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    assert typeof(&a - &b) == "ptrdiff_t", typeof(&a - &b)
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    assert typeof((&a - &b) + 1) == "ptrdiff_t", typeof((&a - &b) + 1)
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    assert typeof(&a + (&b - &a)) == "int *", typeof(&a + (&b - &a))
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