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Paul Eggert
Fix POSIX conformance of old SysV names
25 июл 2026, 10:04
25 июл 2026, 10:04
c692693
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# Zones that go back beyond the scope of the tz database # This file is in the public domain. # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file, and please send any changes to # the public mailing list tz@iana.org for general use in the future. # For more, please see the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. # When proposing changes to this file, please use 'git format-patch' # format, either by attaching the resulting .patch file to your email, # or by using 'git send-email'. This will help maintainers save time. # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): # This file contains data outside the normal scope of the tz database, # in that its zones do not differ from normal tz zones after 1970. # Links in this file point to zones in this file, superseding links in # the file 'backward'. # Although zones in this file may be of some use for analyzing # pre-1970 timestamps, they are less reliable, cover only a tiny # sliver of the pre-1970 era, and cannot feasibly be improved to cover # most of the era. Because the zones are out of normal scope for the # database, less effort is put into maintaining this file. Many of # the zones were formerly in other source files, but were removed or # replaced by links as their data entries were questionable and/or they # differed from other zones only in pre-1970 timestamps. # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. # This file is not intended to be compiled standalone, as it # assumes rules from other files. In the tz distribution, use # 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone zones' to compile and install this file. # From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15): # The following remarks should be incorporated into this table sometime. # Patches in 'git format-patch' format would be welcome. # # From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): # ... the historical timezone data for those China zones seems to be # incorrect. The transition to GMT+8 date given there for these zones # were 1980 which also contradict the file description that they do # not disagree with normal zone after 1970. According to sources that # have also been cited in the asia file, except Xinjiang and Tibet, # they should have adopted the Beijing Time from around 1949/1950 # depends on exactly when each of those cities were taken over by the # communist army. And they should also follow the DST setting of # Asia/Shanghai after that point of time. In addition, # http://gaz.ncl.edu.tw/detail.jsp?sysid=E1091792 the document from # Chongqing Nationalist government say in year 1945 all of China # should adopt summer time due to the war (not sure whether it # continued after WWII ends)(Probably only enforced in area under # their rule at the time?) The Asia/Harbin's 1932 and 1940 entry # should also be incorrect. As per sources recorded at # https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/%E6%BA%80%E5%B7%9E%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82 # , in 1932 Harbin should have adopted UTC+8:00 instead of data # currently listed in the tz database according to official # announcement from Manchuko. And they should have adopted GMT+9 in # 1937 January 1st according to official announcement at the time # being cited on the webpage. # Zones are sorted by zone name. Each zone is preceded by the # name of the country that the zone is in, along with any other # commentary and rules associated with the entry. # If the zone overrides links in the main data, it # is followed by the corresponding Link lines. # If the zone overrides main-data links only when building with # PACKRATLIST=zone.tab, it is followed by a commented-out Link line # that starts with "#PACKRATLIST zone.tab". # # As explained in the zic man page, the zone columns are: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # and the rule columns are: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Ghana # From P Chan (2020-11-20): # Interpretation Amendment Ordinance, 1915 (No.24 of 1915) [1915-11-02] # Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1915, p 69-71 # https://books.google.com/books?id=ErA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA70 # This Ordinance added "'Time' shall mean Greenwich Mean Time" to the # Interpretation Ordinance, 1876. # # Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919 (No. 18 of 1919) [1919-11-24] # Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1919, p 75-76 # https://books.google.com/books?id=MbA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA75 # This Ordinance removed the previous definition of time and introduced DST. # # Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 214) # The Laws of the Gold Coast (including Togoland Under British Mandate) # Vol. II (1937), p 2328 # https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7M-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA2328 # Revised edition of the 1919 Ordinance. # # Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1940 (No. 9 of 1940) [1940-04-06] # Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: # Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1940, p 22 # https://books.google.com/books?id=1ao-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA22 # This Ordinance changed the forward transition from September to May. # # Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment) Regulations, 1942 # (Regulations No. 6 of 1942) [1942-01-31, commenced on 1942-02-08] # Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: # Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 48 # https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA48 # These regulations advanced the [standard] time by thirty minutes. # # Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment (No.2)) Regulations, # 1942 (Regulations No. 28 of 1942) [1942-04-25] # Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: # Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 87 # https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA87 # These regulations abolished DST and changed the time to GMT+0:30. # # Defence (Revocation) (No.4) Regulations, 1945 (Regulations No. 45 of # 1945) [1945-10-24, commenced on 1946-01-06] # Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: # Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 256 # https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA256 # These regulations revoked the previous two sets of Regulations. # # Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1945 (No. 18 of 1945) [1946-01-06] # Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: # Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 69 # https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA69 # This Ordinance abolished DST. # # Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1950 (No. 26 of 1950) [1950-07-22] # Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: # Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1950, p 35 # https://books.google.com/books?id=e60-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA35 # This Ordinance restored DST but with thirty minutes offset. # # Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 264) # The Laws of the Gold Coast, Vol. V (1954), p 380 # https://books.google.com/books?id=Mqc-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA380 # Revised edition of the Time Determination Ordinance. # # Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1956 (No. 21 of 1956) [1956-08-29] # Annual Volume of the Ordinances of the Gold Coast Enacted During the # Year 1956, p 83 # https://books.google.com/books?id=VLE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA83 # This Ordinance abolished DST. Rule Ghana 1919 only - Nov 24 0:00 0:20 +0020 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT Rule Ghana 1920 1939 - Sep 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 Rule Ghana 1940 1941 - May 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 Rule Ghana 1950 1955 - Sep 1 2:00 0:30 +0030 Rule Ghana 1951 1956 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1915 Nov 2 0:00 Ghana %s 1942 Feb 8 0:30 - +0030 1946 Jan 6 0:00 Ghana %s # Ethiopia # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31): # Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a # 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our # 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic. # # Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly spaced time # zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in # 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50 # was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong # anyway. Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 3:00 - EAT # Eritrea Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 3:00 - EAT Link Africa/Asmara Africa/Asmera # Mali (southern) Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 -1:00 - -01 1960 Jun 20 0:00 - GMT #PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Africa/Bamako Africa/Timbuktu # Central African Republic Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 1:00 - WAT # The Gambia # From P Chan (2020-12-09): # Standard time of GMT-1 was adopted on 1933-04-01. On 1942-02-01, GMT was # adopted as a war time measure. This was made permanent in 1946. # # Interpretation Ordinance, 1914 (No. 12 of 1914) [1914-09-29] # Interpretation Ordinance, 1933 (No. 10 of 1933) [1933-03-31] # Notice No. 5 of 1942, Colony of the Gambia Government Gazette, Vol. LIX, # No.2, 1942-01-15, p 2 # Interpretation (Amendment) Ordinance, 1946 (No. 3 of 1946) [1946-07-15] Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 -1:06:36 - BMT 1933 Apr 1 # Banjul Mean Time -1:00 - -01 1942 Feb 1 0:00 0:00 - GMT # Malawi # From P Chan (2020-12-09): # In 1911, Zomba mean time was adopted as the legal time of Nyasaland. In # 1914, Zomba mean time switched from GMT+2:21:10 to GMT+2:21. On 1925-07-01, # GMT+2 was adopted. # # Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance, 1911 (No. 12 of 1911) # [1911-07-24] # Notice No. 124 of 1914, 1914-06-30, The Nyasaland Government Gazette, Vol. # XXI, No. 8, 1914-06-30, p 122 # Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance, 1925 (No. 3 of # 1925) [1925-04-02] Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1911 Jul 24 2:21:10 - ZMT 1914 Jun 30 # Zomba Mean Time 2:21 - ZMT 1925 Jul 1 2:00 - CAT # Republic of the Congo Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 1:00 - WAT # Burundi Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 2:00 - CAT # Guinea Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 -1:00 - -01 1960 0:00 - GMT # Senegal Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 -1:00 - -01 1941 Jun 0:00 - GMT # Tanzania Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 3:00 - EAT 1948 2:45 - +0245 1961 3:00 - EAT # Djibouti Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 3:00 - EAT # Cameroon # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 1:00 - WAT # Sierra Leone # From P Chan (2020-12-09): # Standard time of GMT-1 was adopted on 1913-07-01. Twenty minutes of DST was # introduce[d] in 1932 and was suspended in 1939. In 1941, GMT was adopted by # Defence Regulations. This was made permanent in 1946. # # Government Notice No. 121 of 1913, 1913-06-06, Sierra Leone Royal Gazette, # Vol. XLIV, No. 1384, 1913-06-14, p 347 # Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1932 (No. 34 of 1932) [1932-12-01] # Alteration of Time (Amendment) Ordinance, 1938 (No. 25 of 1938) [1938-11-24] # Defence Regulations (No. 9), 1939 (Regulations No. 9 of 1939), 1939-09-05 # Defence Regulations (No. 11), 1939 (Regulations No. 11 of 1939), 1939-09-27 # Defence (Amendment) (No. 17) Regulations, 1941 (Public Notice No. 157 of # 1941), 1914-12-04 # Alteration of Time (Amendment) Ordinance, 1946 (No. 2 of 1946) [1946-02-07] # From Tim Parenti (2021-03-02), per P Chan (2021-02-25): # For Sierra Leone in 1957-1962, the standard time was defined in the # Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1932 (as amended in 1946, renamed to Local Time # Ordinance in 1960 and Local Time Act in 1961). It was unamended throughout # that period. See references to "Time" in the Alphabetical Index of the # Legislation in force on the 31st day of December, # 1957: https://books.google.com/books?id=lvQ-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA49 # 1958: https://books.google.com/books?id=4fQ-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA50 # 1959: https://books.google.com/books?id=p_U-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA55 # 1960: https://books.google.com/books?id=JPY-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA37 # 1961: https://books.google.com/books?id=7vY-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA41 # 1962: https://books.google.com/books?id=W_c-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA44 # 1963: https://books.google.com/books?id=9vk-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA47 # # Although Shanks & Pottenger had DST from Jun 1 00:00 to Sep 1 00:00 in this # period, many contemporaneous almanacs agree that it wasn't used: # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2021-February/029866.html # Go with the above. Rule SL 1932 only - Dec 1 0:00 0:20 -0040 Rule SL 1933 1938 - Mar 31 24:00 0 -01 Rule SL 1933 1939 - Aug 31 24:00 0:20 -0040 Rule SL 1939 only - May 31 24:00 0 -01 Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jul 1 # Freetown MT -1:00 SL %s 1939 Sep 5 -1:00 - -01 1941 Dec 6 24:00 0:00 - GMT # Botswana # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): # Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899; # assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did. Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 2:00 - CAT # Zimbabwe Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - CAT # Uganda Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 3:00 - EAT 1930 2:30 - +0230 1948 2:45 - +0245 1957 3:00 - EAT # Rwanda Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 2:00 - CAT # Democratic Republic of the Congo (west) Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 1:00 - WAT # Gabon Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 1:00 - WAT # Togo Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 0:00 - GMT # Angola # # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): # For timestamps before independence, see commentary for Europe/Lisbon. # Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 0:52:04 - LMT 1911 Dec 31 23:00u # Luanda MT? 1:00 - WAT # Democratic Republic of the Congo (east) # # From Alois Treindl (2022-02-28): # My main source for its time zone history is # Henri le Corre, Régimes horaires pour l'Europe et l'Afrique. # Shanks follows le Corre. As does Françoise Schneider-Gauquelin in her book # Problèmes de l'heure résolus pour le monde entier. # Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 1:00 - WAT 1920 Apr 25 2:00 - CAT # Zambia Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - CAT # Equatorial Guinea # # Although Shanks says that Malabo switched from UT +00 to +01 on 1963-12-15, # a Google Books search says that London Calling, Issues 432-465 (1948), p 19, # says that Spanish Guinea was at +01 back then. The Shanks data entries # are most likely wrong, but we have nothing better; use them here for now. # Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 1:00 - WAT # Lesotho Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 2:00 - SAST # Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - SAST # Somalia Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 3:00 - EAT 1931 2:30 - +0230 1957 3:00 - EAT # Niger Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 -1:00 - -01 1934 Feb 26 0:00 - GMT 1960 1:00 - WAT # Mauritania Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 -1:00 - -01 1960 Nov 28 0:00 - GMT # Burkina Faso Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT # Benin # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; # go with Shanks & Pottenger. Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 1:00 - WAT # Mali (northern) Zone Africa/Timbuktu -0:12:04 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT # Anguilla Zone America/Anguilla -4:12:16 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 -4:00 - AST # Antigua and Barbuda Zone America/Antigua -4:07:12 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 -5:00 - EST 1951 -4:00 - AST # Chubut, Argentina # The name "Comodoro Rivadavia" exceeds the 14-byte POSIX limit. Zone America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia -4:30:00 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Mar 3 -4:00 - -04 1991 Oct 20 -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3 -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 -3:00 - -03 2004 Jun 1 -4:00 - -04 2004 Jun 20 -3:00 - -03 # Aruba Zone America/Aruba -4:40:24 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad -4:30 - -0430 1965 -4:00 - AST # Atikokan, Ontario # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17): # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST, # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT. # He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9) # http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT. # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice. # # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in # violation of the official Ontario rules. # # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09): # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said: # # The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round. # This means they spend about half the time on central time and # the other half on eastern time. # # For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said. # # "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern # Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he # said. "I don't see any changes happening here." # # Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang # [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice." # From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton: # I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory # and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he # can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current # time keeping since 1952, at least. # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17): # Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River # ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from # McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan # switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time # ended. This matches the old (less populous) America/Coral_Harbour # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file. Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00 -5:00 - EST #PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link America/Atikokan America/Coral_Harbour # Quebec east of Natashquan # From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09): # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998) # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp # says that Quebec east of the -63 meridian is supposed to observe # AST, but residents as far east as Natashquan use EST/EDT, and # residents east of Natashquan use AST. # The Quebec department of justice writes in # "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord" # https://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/en/department/ministre/functions-and-responsabilities/legal-time-in-quebec/the-situation-in-minganie-and-basse-cote-nord/ # that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon # observes Atlantic standard time all year round. # This common practice was codified into law as of 2007; see Legal Time Act, # CQLR c T-5.1 <http://legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/ShowDoc/cs/T-5.1>. # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT. Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970 -4:00 - AST # Cayman Is Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown -5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time -5:00 - EST # United States # # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-18): # America/Chillicothe would be tricky, as it was a city of two-timers: # "To prevent a constant mixup at Chillicothe, caused by the courthouse # clock running on central time and the city running on 'daylight saving' # time, a third hand was added to the dial of the courthouse clock." # -- Ohio news in brief. The Cedarville Herald. 1920-05-21;43(21):1 (col. 5) # https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/cedarville_herald/794 # Canada Zone America/Coral_Harbour -5:32:40 - LMT 1884 -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1946 -5:00 - EST # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01): # There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia # that do not currently observe daylight saving: # a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area) # b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District # (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John) # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009. # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260 # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918. # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UT-7 for 93 years. # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972. # Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains # unknown and will be difficult to ascertain. I e-mailed Tammy a few months # ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess. She said it was just # as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing # the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the # subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010. # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56 # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history: # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7) # Exact date unknown # 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8) # Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess. # 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7) # Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess. # note 1: # On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada, # Creston did not change its clocks. # note 2: # During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change, # Creston did not oblige. # note 3: # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time # (UTC-7) forever. # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council. # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada. # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying # summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before # the change. It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this # period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough # (to anyone) to further complicate the rules. # The transition dates (and times) are guesses. Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884 -7:00 - MST 1916 Oct 1 -8:00 - PST 1918 Jun 2 -7:00 - MST # Curaçao # Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest. # # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at # -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that # Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from # 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01. The former is dubious, since S&P also say # Saba Island has been like Curaçao. # This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though. # # By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become # associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba; # Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the # Netherlands as Kingdom Islands. This won't affect their time zones # though, as far as we know. # Zone America/Curacao -4:35:47 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad -4:30 - -0430 1965 -4:00 - AST Link America/Curacao America/Kralendijk Link America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes # Dominica Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Roseau -4:00 - AST # Baja California # See 'northamerica' for why this entry is here rather than there. Zone America/Ensenada -7:46:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:13:32 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 16 -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14 -8:00 - PST 1996 -8:00 Mexico P%sT # Grenada Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul # St George's -4:00 - AST # Guadeloupe Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 - LMT 1911 Jun 8 # Pointe-à-Pitre -4:00 - AST # Canada # # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24): # Since 1970 most of Quebec has been like Toronto; see # America/Toronto. However, earlier versions of the tz database # mistakenly relied on data from Shanks & Pottenger saying that Quebec # differed from Ontario after 1970, and the following rules and zone # were created for most of Quebec from the incorrect Shanks & # Pottenger data. The post-1970 entries have been corrected, but the # pre-1970 entries are unchecked and probably have errors. # Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D Rule Mont 1917 only - Apr 24 0:00 0 S Rule Mont 1919 only - Mar 31 2:30 1:00 D Rule Mont 1919 only - Oct 25 2:30 0 S Rule Mont 1920 only - May 2 2:30 1:00 D Rule Mont 1920 1922 - Oct Sun>=1 2:30 0 S Rule Mont 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Mont 1922 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D Rule Mont 1924 only - May 17 2:00 1:00 D Rule Mont 1924 1926 - Sep lastSun 2:30 0 S Rule Mont 1925 1926 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Apr lastSat 24:00 1:00 D Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Sep lastSat 24:00 0 S Rule Mont 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D Rule Mont 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S Rule Mont 1946 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Mont 1945 1948 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Mont 1949 1950 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Mont 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Mont 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1918 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1974 -5:00 Canada E%sT # Montserrat # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital. # world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now. Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Cork Hill -4:00 - AST # The Bahamas # # For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that. # # From P Chan (2020-11-27, corrected on 2020-12-02): # There were two periods of DST observed in 1942-1945: 1942-05-01 # midnight to 1944-12-31 midnight and 1945-02-01 to 1945-10-17 midnight. # "midnight" should mean 24:00 from the context. # # War Time Order 1942 [1942-05-01] and War Time (No. 2) Order 1942 [1942-09-29] # Appendix to the Statutes of 7 George VI. and the Year 1942. p 34, 43 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA34 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA43 # # War Time Order 1943 [1943-03-31] and War Time Order 1944 [1943-12-29] # Appendix to the Statutes of 8 George VI. and the Year 1943. p 9-10, 28-29 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA9 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA28 # # War Time Order 1945 [1945-01-31] and the Order which revoke War Time Order # 1945 [1945-10-16] Appendix to the Statutes of 9 George VI. and the Year # 1945. p 160, 247-248 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA160 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA247 # # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07): # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007.... # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412 Rule Bahamas 1942 only - May 1 24:00 1:00 W Rule Bahamas 1944 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 S Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Feb 1 0:00 1:00 W Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Oct 17 24:00 0 S Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976 -5:00 US E%sT # Canada # From Chris Walton (2022-10-15): # I would also like to see America/Nipigon and America/Rainy_River converted # into link entries because I have zero faith in the current Shanks based data. # From Paul Eggert (2022-10-15): # These are now links in the primary data. Also see America/Thunder_Bay. Zone America/Nipigon -5:53:04 - LMT 1895 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1940 Sep 29 -5:00 1:00 EDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s -5:00 Canada E%sT # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time, # Pangnirtung wobbled. Here is the result of their wobble: # # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time: # # First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP, # Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist # # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time: # # Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator # # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news. # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally. # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart, # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long. # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with # the current state of affairs. # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19): # http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones, # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time # for municipal offices and schools.... Igloolik [was similar but then] # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6. # From Chris Walton (2022-11-06): # The implication is that Pangnirtung and Qikiqtarjuaq have observed Eastern # Time as far back as 1984 (and likely even further back than that). # It is possible that these communities never actually observed Atlantic # Time, but that would be difficult to prove. # From Paul Eggert (2022-11-06): # This is in 'backzone' as we have no good evidence that Pangnirtung differs # from America/Iqaluit since 1970. A Google Books snippet view of # volume 2, page 186 of "Pilot of Arctic Canada", published 1959 by # the Canadian Hydrographic Service, suggests (though does not state) # that Pangnirtung observed EST then. # # aka Panniqtuuq Zone America/Pangnirtung 0 - -00 1921 # trading post est. -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00 -5:00 Canada E%sT # United States # # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-18): # America/Palm_Springs would be tricky, as it kept two sets of clocks # in 1946/7. See the following notes. # # From Steve Allen (2018-01-19): # The shadow of Mt. San Jacinto brings darkness very early in the winter # months. In 1946 the chamber of commerce decided to put the clocks of Palm # Springs forward by an hour in the winter. # https://www.desertsun.com/story/life/2017/12/27/palm-springs-struggle-daylight-savings-time-and-idea-sun-time/984416001/ # Desert Sun, Number 18, 1 November 1946 # https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19461101 # has proposal for meeting on front page and page 21. # Desert Sun, Number 19, 5 November 1946 # https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19461105 # reports that Sun Time won at the meeting on front page and page 5. # Desert Sun, Number 37, 7 January 1947 # https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19470107.2.12 # front page reports request to abandon Sun Time and page 7 notes a "class war". # Desert Sun, Number 38, 10 January 1947 # https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19470110 # front page reports on end. # Trinidad and Tobago Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 -4:00 - AST Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy # Canada # From Chris Walton (2022-10-15): # I would also like to see America/Nipigon and America/Rainy_River converted # into link entries because I have zero faith in the current Shanks based data. # From Paul Eggert (2022-10-15): # These are now links in the primary data. Also see America/Thunder_Bay. Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 - LMT 1895 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s -6:00 Canada C%sT # Argentina # This entry was intended for the following areas, but has been superseded by # more detailed zones. # Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC), # Formosa (FM), La Pampa (LP), Chubut (CH) Zone America/Rosario -4:02:40 - LMT 1894 Nov -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Jul -3:00 - -03 1999 Oct 3 0:00 -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 0:00 -3:00 - -03 # St Kitts-Nevis Zone America/St_Kitts -4:10:52 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 # Basseterre -4:00 - AST # St Lucia Zone America/St_Lucia -4:04:00 - LMT 1890 # Castries -4:04:00 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time -4:00 - AST # US Virgin Is Zone America/St_Thomas -4:19:44 - LMT 1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie -4:00 - AST Link America/St_Thomas America/Virgin # St Vincent and the Grenadines Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 - LMT 1890 # Kingstown -4:04:56 - KMT 1912 # Kingstown Mean Time -4:00 - AST # Canada # # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27): # Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and # Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in # operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw, # Saskatchewan, for one year." # # From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator, # Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12): # There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight # savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur # before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central # Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to # include the Thunder Bay area.... When Canada adopted daylight # savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so # already, did not change their clocks.... During the Second World # War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer # months for the remainder of the war years. # # From Jeffery Nichols (2020-02-06): # According to the [Shanks] atlas, those western Ontario zones are huge, # covering most of Ontario northwest of Sault Ste Marie and Timmins. # The zones seem to include towns bigger than the ones they're named after, # like Dryden in America/Rainy_River and Wawa (and maybe Attawapiskat) in # America/Nipigon. I assume it's too much trouble to change the name of the # zone (like when you found out that America/Glace_Bay includes Sydney, Nova # Scotia).... # # From Chris Walton (2022-10-15): # The TZ database currently shows that Thunder Bay has observed daylight # saving every year from 1970 onwards with the exception of 1973. # Back in July I raised some doubts on this mailing list about the 1973 data. # I now have more proof that it is wrong. # [attached Chronicle-Journal front pages, 1973-04-28 and 1973-10-27] # # From Paul Eggert (2022-10-15): # This is now a link in the primary data. The following entry is # from Shanks & Pottenger, with corrections as noted above. # Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 - LMT 1895 -6:00 - CST 1910 -5:00 - EST 1942 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1970 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1974 -5:00 Canada E%sT # British Virgin Is Zone America/Tortola -4:18:28 - LMT 1911 Jul # Road Town -4:00 - AST # Yellowknife, Northwest Territories Zone America/Yellowknife 0 - -00 1935 # Yellowknife founded? -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980 -7:00 Canada M%sT # Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 # <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station> (2005-12-05) # # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. # Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - -00 1947 10:00 - +10 1952 Jan 14 0 - -00 1956 Nov 10:00 - +10 # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - -00 1956 12:00 NZ NZ%sT Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole # Syowa, Antarctica # # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. # # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. # See: # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) # http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - -00 1957 Jan 29 3:00 - +03 # Yemen # Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden, # and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia. Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950 3:00 - +03 # Bahrain # # From Paul Eggert (2020-07-23): # Most of this data comes from: # Stewart A. Why Gulf Standard Time is far from standard: the fascinating story # behind the time zone's invention. The National (Abu Dhabi). 2020-07-22. # https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/why-gulf-standard-time-is-far-from-standard-the-fascinating-story-behind-the-time-zone-s-invention-1.1052589 # Stewart writes that before 1941 some companies in Bahrain were at +0330 and # others at +0323. Reginald George Alban, a British political agent based in # Manama, worked to standardize this, and from 1941-07-20 Bahrain was at # +0330. However, BOAC asked that clocks be moved to gain more light at day's # end, so Bahrain switched to +04 on 1944-01-01. # # Re the 1941 transition, Stewart privately sent me this citation: # "File 16/53 Enquiries Re: Calculation of Local Time", British Library: India # Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/1564, in Qatar Digital Library # https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100000000282.0x00012b # It says there was no real standard in Bahrain before 1941-07-20. # +0330 was used by steamers of the British India Co, by Petroleum Concessions # and by Cable & Wireless; +0323 was used by the Eastern Bank Ltd, BOAC, and # Bahrein Petroleum (Bapco), and California Arabian Standard Oil Co (Casoc) # adopted DST effective 1941-05-24. Alban suggested adopting DST, R.B. Coomb # of C&W countersuggested +0330, and although C.A. Rodstrom of Casoc (formerly # of Bapco) stated that Bahrain had formerly used +0330 before Bapco arrived # but Bapco switched to +0323 because of "constant confusion", the consensus # was +0330. The government adopted +0330 in 1941-07-20 and companies seem to # have switched by 08-01. No time of day was given for the 1940s transitions. Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1941 Jul 20 # Manamah 3:30 - +0330 1944 Jan 1 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun 3:00 - +03 # Brunei Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 7:30 - +0730 1933 8:00 - +08 # India # # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 305 says that Madras # civil time was 5:20:57.3. # # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-21): # In tomorrow's The Hindu, Nitya Menon reports that India had two civil time # zones starting in 1884, one in Bombay and one in Calcutta, and that railways # used a third time zone based on Madras time (80° 18' 30" E). Also, # in 1881 Bombay briefly switched to Madras time, but switched back. See: # http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/madras-375-when-madras-clocked-the-time/article6339393.ece #Zone Asia/Chennai [not enough info to complete] # China # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 7:00 - +07 1980 May 8:00 PRC C%sT Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking # Vietnam # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): # See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for this data. # Trần's book says the 1954-55 transition to 07:00 in Hanoi was in # October 1954, with exact date and time unspecified. Zone Asia/Hanoi 7:03:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 8:00 - +08 1954 Oct 7:00 - +07 # China # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 8:30 - +0830 1932 Mar 8:00 - CST 1940 9:00 - +09 1966 May 8:30 - +0830 1980 May 8:00 PRC C%sT # far west China Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 5:30 - +0530 1940 5:00 - +05 1980 May 8:00 PRC C%sT # peninsular Malaysia # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) # https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/teaching/timezone.html # This agrees with Singapore since 1905-06-01. Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 7:30 - +0730 1981 Dec 31 16:00u 8:00 - +08 # Kuwait Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 3:00 - +03 # Oman # Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory. Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920 4:00 - +04 # India # From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a # heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: # According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-24), Portuguese India switched to # UT +05 on 1912-01-01 (see Europe/Lisbon). #Zone Asia/Panaji [not enough info to complete] # Cambodia # From an adoptive daughter of the late Cambodian ruler Prince Sihanouk, # via Alois Treindl (2019-08-08): # # King Sihanouk said that, during the Japanese occupation, starting with # what historians refer to as "le coup de force du 9 mars 1945", Cambodia, # like the entire French Indochina, used Tokyo time zone. After Japan # surrendered, 2 September 1945, Cambodia fell under French rule again and # adopted Hanoi time zone again. # # However, on 7 January 1946, Sihanouk and Tioulong managed to obtain a # status of "internal autonomy" from the government of Charles de Gaulle. # Although many fields remained under the administration of the French # (customs, taxes, justice, defence, foreign affairs, etc.), the Cambodian # administration was responsible for religious matters and traditional # celebrations, which included our calendar and time. The time zone was GMT # + 7 and _no_ DST was applied. # # After Sihanouk and Tioulong achieved full independence, on 9 November 1953, # GMT + 7 was maintained. # From Paul Eggert (2019-08-26): # See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of rest of this data. Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 7:00 - +07 # Israel Zone Asia/Tel_Aviv 2:19:04 - LMT 1880 2:21 - JMT 1918 2:00 Zion I%sT # Laos # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11): # See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data. # Trần's book says that Laos reverted to UT +07 on 1955-04-15. # Also, guess that Laos reverted to +07 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did; # this is probably wrong but it's better than guessing no transition. Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 8:00 - +08 1955 Apr 15 7:00 - +07 # Jan Mayen # From Whitman: Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - -01 # Iceland # # From Adam David (1993-11-06): # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. # # (1993-12-05): # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of # Iceland Almanak. # # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavík mean solar time which # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. # # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. # # (1993-12-10): # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. # the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it # might mean something else (???). # # From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22): # The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see # http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html # Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 - Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 - Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 - Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 - Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 - Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 - Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 - Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 - Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 - # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 - Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 - # 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908 -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 0:00 - GMT Link Atlantic/Reykjavik Iceland # St Helena Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 0:00 - GMT # King Island Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 10:00 AT AE%sT 1919 Oct 24 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1968 Oct 15 10:00 AT AE%sT # Netherlands # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). # # (2001-04-08): # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common # practice of following Amsterdam mean time. # # (2001-04-09): # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was # actually followed. # # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically # adopted Amsterdam mean time. # # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe # Amsterdam mean time. # The data entries before 1945 are taken from # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm # From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09): # I invented the abbreviations AMT for Amsterdam Mean Time and NST for # Netherlands Summer Time, used in the Netherlands from 1835 to 1937. Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - #STDOFF 0:19:32.13 Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT # Northern Ireland Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # DMT = Dublin/Dunsink MT -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # IST = Irish Summer Time 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 0:00 EU GMT/BST # Denmark # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26): # the law [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... # The page https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1893/83 # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. # # The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973: # https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1972/21100 # # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes # in subsequent decrees with the law # https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1974/223 # # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to # 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which # was suspended on that night): # https://web.archive.org/web/20140104053304/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=60267 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11): # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - # Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT # Guernsey # Data from Joseph S. Myers # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html # References to be added # LMT is for Town Church, St. Peter Port, 49° 27' 17" N, 2° 32' 10" W. Zone Europe/Guernsey -0:10:09 - LMT 1913 Jun 18 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Jul 2 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 0:00 EU GMT/BST # Isle of Man # # From Lester Caine (2013-09-04): # The Isle of Man legislation is now on-line at # <https://www.legislation.gov.im>, starting with the original Statutory # Time Act in 1883 and including additional confirmation of some of # the dates of the 'Summer Time' orders originating at # Westminster. There is a little uncertainty as to the starting date # of the first summer time in 1916 which may have been announced a # couple of days late. There is still a substantial number of # documents to work through, but it is thought that every GB change # was also implemented on the island. # # AT4 of 1883 - The Statutory Time et cetera Act 1883 - # LMT Location - 54.1508N -4.4814E - Tynwald Hill ( Manx parliament ) Zone Europe/Isle_of_Man -0:17:55 - LMT 1883 Mar 30 0:00s 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 0:00 EU GMT/BST # Jersey # Data from Joseph S. Myers # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html # References to be added # LMT is for Parish Church, St. Helier, 49° 11' 0.57" N, 2° 6' 24.33" W. Zone Europe/Jersey -0:08:26 - LMT 1898 Jun 11 16:00u 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Jul 2 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 0:00 EU GMT/BST # Slovenia Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1:00 EU CE%sT # Luxembourg # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; # go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT # Monaco # # From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12): # In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1892-05-24, online at # https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b1c67c12c5af11b41ea888fb048e4fe8.pdf # we read: ... # [In virtue of a Sovereign Ordinance of the May 13 of the current [year], # legal time in the Principality will be set to, from the date of June 1, # 1892 onwards, to the meridian of Paris, as in France.] # In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1911-03-28, online at # https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/de74ffb7db53d4f599059fe8f0ed482a.pdf # we read an ordinance of 1911-03-16: ... # [Legal time in the Principality will be set, from the date of promulgation # of the present ordinance, to legal time in France.... Consequently, legal # time will be retarded by 9 minutes and 21 seconds.] # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1892 Jun 1 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 29 # Paris Mean Time 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT # Norway # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & # Pottenger. Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen #PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen # Bosnia and Herzegovina Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1:00 EU CE%sT # North Macedonia Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1:00 EU CE%sT # Sweden # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: # # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. # # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03' 30" # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... # # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk # författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated # 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. # # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". # # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available # in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click # the Sök-button). # # (2001-05-13): # # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another # hour before the event took place. # # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. # An extra-special abbreviation style is SET for Swedish Time (svensk # normaltid) 1879-1899, 3° west of the Stockholm Observatory. Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 1:00 - CET 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT # Moldova / Transnistria Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD # Ukraine # # Although Shanks & Pottenger say Transcarpathia used CET 1990/1991, # this unreliable source contradicts contemporaneous government resolutions # (see the commentary for Ukraine in the 'europe' file) # so for now this dubious zone is in 'backzone'. # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian spelling, but # "Uzhgorod" was a common English spelling when this dubious zone was # added to TZDB in 1999. Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 1:00 - CET 1940 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 20 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1996 May 13 2:00 EU EE%sT # Liechtenstein # From Paul Eggert (2022-07-21): # Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich starting June 1894. # From Alois Treindl (2019-07-04): # I was able to access the online archive of the Vaduz paper Vaterland ... # I could confirm from the paper that Liechtenstein did in fact follow # the same DST in 1941 and 1942 as Switzerland did. Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 1:00 EU CE%sT # Croatia Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1:00 EU CE%sT # Ukraine # Although Shanks & Pottenger say Zaporizhzhia and eastern Lugansk # observed DST 1990/1991, this unreliable source contradicts contemporaneous # government resolutions (see the commentary for Ukraine in the 'europe' file) # so for now this dubious zone is in 'backzone'. # "Zaporizhzhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but # "Zaporozhye" was a common English spelling when this dubious zone was # added to TZDB in 1999. Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 2:20 - +0220 1924 May 2 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1992 Mar 20 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1996 May 13 2:00 EU EE%sT # Madagascar Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 3:00 - EAT # Christmas Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 7:00 - +07 # Cocos (Keeling) Is # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 6:30 - +0630 # Comoros Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 3:00 - EAT # Kerguelen Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - -00 1950 # Port-aux-Français 5:00 - +05 # Seychelles # # From P Chan (2020-11-27): # Standard Time was adopted on 1907-01-01. # # Standard Time Ordinance (Chapter 237) # The Laws of Seychelles in Force on the 31st December, 1971, Vol. 6, p 571 # https://books.google.com/books?id=efE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA571 # # From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05): # A footnote on https://books.google.com/books?id=DYdDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1689 # confirms that Ordinance No. 9 of 1906 "was brought into force on the 1st # January, 1907." Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria 4:00 - +04 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. # Possibly the islands were uninhabited. # Mayotte Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 3:00 - EAT # Réunion Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 4:00 - +04 # # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. # The following information about them is taken from # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). # We have no info about their time zone histories. # # Bassas da India - uninhabited # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 # Micronesia # Also see Pacific/Pohnpei and commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'. # # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 10:00 - +10 Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap # Phoenix Islands, Kiribati # From Paul Eggert (2021-05-27): # Enderbury was inhabited 1860/1880s to mine guano, and 1938-03-06/1942-02-09 # for aviation (ostensibly commercial, but military uses foreseen). # The 19th-century dates are approximate. See Pacific/Kanton for # the currently inhabited representative for this timezone. Zone Pacific/Enderbury 0 - -00 1860 -11:24:20 - LMT 1885 0 - -00 1938 Mar 6 -12:00 - -12 1942 Feb 9 0 - -00 # Tuvalu Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 12:00 - +12 # Johnston Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST # Marshall Is Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 11:00 - +11 1937 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 12:00 - +12 # Midway # # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): # [<https://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/pa/pa36/pa36.pdf>] # reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone # designations that I've never seen before:.... # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLULU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. . H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " # Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 -11:00 - -11 1956 Jun 3 -11:00 1:00 -10 1956 Sep 2 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa # Micronesia # Also see Pacific/Chuuk and commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'. Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 11:00 - +11 1937 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 11:00 - +11 Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape # N Mariana Is # # From Paul Eggert (2022-08-16): # Although Shanks & Pottenger say Saipan used +09 and then switched # to Guam time in October 1969, this is surely wrong. # Saipan used Guam time in the late 1950s; see page 4 of the minutes on the # conference of the 12th Saipan Legislature and the Select Committee on # Saipan Mission, 5th Guam Legislature (1959-09-11): # http://www.nmhcouncil.org/nmhc_archives/U.S.%20Navy%20Civil%20Affairs%20Files%201944-1962/1959/1959%2009%2017%20letter,%20minutes%20of%20conference,%20Borja.pdf # For now, assume Saipan switched to Guam time after the Battle of Saipan. # Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 9:00 - +09 1944 Jul 9 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time # Wake # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): # # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost # impossible. # # https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. # Also see commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'. Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 12:00 - +12 # Wallis and Futuna Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 12:00 - +12 # From Paul Eggert (2024-05-22): # The following zones pretend that standard time extends backward # indefinitely into the past, and so are ahistorical. # In current TZDB these entries are links to geographical locations # that agree with the ahistorical zones since 1970. # These are in numeric rather than alphabetic order. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone HST -10:00 - HST Zone MST -7:00 - MST Zone EST -5:00 - EST Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT # Local Variables: # coding: utf-8 # End: