niceSOFT/systemd: The systemd System and Service Manager

man/systemd-sysupdate.xml
366 строк18 KB
Philip Withnall
sysupdate: Add acquire and install verbs
09 фев 2026, 15:05
09 фев 2026, 15:053bc9208
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd">
<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->

<refentry id="systemd-sysupdate" conditional='ENABLE_SYSUPDATE'
    xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">

  <refentryinfo>
    <title>systemd-sysupdate</title>
    <productname>systemd</productname>
  </refentryinfo>

  <refmeta>
    <refentrytitle>systemd-sysupdate</refentrytitle>
    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
  </refmeta>

  <refnamediv>
    <refname>systemd-sysupdate</refname>
    <refname>systemd-sysupdate.service</refname>
    <refname>systemd-sysupdate.timer</refname>
    <refname>systemd-sysupdate-reboot.service</refname>
    <refname>systemd-sysupdate-reboot.timer</refname>
    <refpurpose>Automatically Update OS or Other Resources</refpurpose>
  </refnamediv>

  <refsynopsisdiv>
    <cmdsynopsis>
      <command>systemd-sysupdate</command>
      <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
    </cmdsynopsis>

    <para><filename>systemd-sysupdate.service</filename></para>
  </refsynopsisdiv>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Description</title>

    <para><command>systemd-sysupdate</command> atomically updates the host OS, container images, portable
    service images or other sources, based on the transfer configuration files described in
    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysupdate.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>

    <para>This tool implements file, directory, or partition based update schemes, supporting multiple
    parallel installed versions of specific resources in an A/B (or even: A/B/C, A/B/C/D/, …) style. A/B
    updating means that when one version of a resource is currently being used, the next version can be
    downloaded, unpacked, and prepared in an entirely separate location, independently of the first, and — once
    complete — be activated, swapping the roles so that it becomes the used one and the previously used one
    becomes the one that is replaced by the next update, and so on. The resources to update are defined
    in transfer files, one for each resource to be updated. For example, resources that may be updated with
    this tool could be: a root file system partition, a matching Verity partition plus one kernel image. The
    combination of the three would be considered a complete OS update.</para>

    <para>The tool updates partitions, files or directory trees always in whole, and operates with at least
    two versions of each of these resources: the <emphasis>current</emphasis> version, plus the
    <emphasis>next</emphasis> version: the one that is being updated to, and which is initially incomplete as
    the downloaded data is written to it; plus optionally more versions. Once the download of a newer version
    is complete it becomes the current version, releasing the version previously considered current for
    deletion/replacement/updating.</para>

    <para>When installing new versions the tool will directly download, decompress, unpack and write the new
    version into the destination. This is done in a robust fashion so that an incomplete download can be
    recognized on next invocation, and flushed out before a new attempt is initiated.</para>

    <para>Note that when writing updates to a partition, the partition has to exist already, as
    <command>systemd-sysupdate</command> will not automatically create new partitions. Use a tool such as
    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-repart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to
    automatically create additional partitions to be used with <command>systemd-sysupdate</command> on
    boot.</para>

    <para>The tool can both be used on the running OS, to update the OS in "online" state from within itself,
    and on "offline" disk images, to update them from the outside based on transfer files
    embedded in the disk images. For the latter, see <option>--image=</option> below. The latter is
    particularly interesting to update container images or portable service images.</para>

    <para>The <filename>systemd-sysupdate.service</filename> system service will automatically update the
    host OS based on the installed transfer files. It is triggered in regular intervals via
    <filename>systemd-sysupdate.timer</filename>. The <filename>systemd-sysupdate-reboot.service</filename>
    will automatically reboot the system after a new version is installed. It is triggered via
    <filename>systemd-sysupdate-reboot.timer</filename>. The two services are separate from each other as it
    is typically advisable to download updates regularly while the system is up, but delay reboots until the
    appropriate time (i.e. typically at night). The two sets of service/timer units may be enabled
    separately.</para>

    <para>For details about transfer files and examples see
    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysupdate.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Command</title>

    <para>The following commands are understood:</para>

    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>list</option> <optional><replaceable>VERSION</replaceable></optional></term>

        <listitem><para>If invoked without an argument, enumerates downloadable and installed versions, and
        shows a summarizing table with the discovered versions and their properties, including whether
        there's a newer candidate version to update to. If a version argument is specified, shows details
        about the specific version, including the individual files that need to be transferred to acquire the
        version.</para>

        <para>If no command is explicitly specified this command is implied.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>features</option> <optional><replaceable>FEATURE</replaceable></optional></term>

        <listitem><para>If invoked without an argument, enumerates optional features and shows a summarizing
        table, including which features are enabled or disabled. If a feature argument is specified, shows
        details about the specific feature, including the transfers that are controlled by the feature.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v257"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>check-new</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Checks if there's a new version available. This internally enumerates downloadable and
        installed versions and returns exit status 0 if there's a new version to update to, non-zero
        otherwise. If there is a new version to update to, its version identifier is written to standard
        output.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>update</option> <optional>--offline</optional> <optional><replaceable>VERSION</replaceable></optional></term>

        <listitem><para>Installs (updates to) the specified version, or if none is specified to the newest
        version available. If the version is already installed or no newer version available, no operation is
        executed.</para>

        <para>If <option>--offline</option> is specified, the update must already have been acquired using
        <command>acquire</command> and, if so, this pre-acquired version is the one which will be updated
        to.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>acquire</option> <optional><replaceable>VERSION</replaceable></optional></term>

        <listitem><para>Acquires (downloads) the specified version, ready to install it. If no version is
        specified, the newest version available is acquired. If the version is already installed or no newer
        version is available, no operation is executed.</para>

        <para>If a new version to install/update to is found, old installed versions are deleted until at
        least one new version can be installed, as configured via <varname>InstanceMax=</varname> in
        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysupdate.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, or
        via the available partition slots of the right type. This implicit operation can also be invoked
        explicitly via the <command>vacuum</command> command described below.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v260"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>vacuum</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Deletes old installed versions until the limits configured via
        <varname>InstanceMax=</varname> in
        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysupdate.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> are
        met again. Normally, it should not be necessary to invoke this command explicitly, since it is
        implicitly invoked whenever a new update is initiated.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>pending</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Checks whether a newer version of the OS is installed than the one currently
        running. Returns zero if so, non-zero otherwise. This compares the newest installed version's
        identifier with the OS image version as reported by the <varname>IMAGE_VERSION=</varname> field in
        <filename>/etc/os-release</filename>. If the former is newer than the latter, an update was
        apparently completed but not activated (i.e. rebooted into) yet.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>reboot</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Similar to the <option>pending</option> command but immediately reboots in case a
        newer version of the OS has been installed than the one currently running. This operation can be done
        implicitly together with the <command>update</command> command, after a completed update via the
        <option>--reboot</option> switch, see below. This command will execute no operation (and return
        success) if no update has been installed, and thus the system was not rebooted.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>components</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Lists components that can be updated. This enumerates the
        <filename>/etc/sysupdate.*.d/</filename>, <filename>/run/sysupdate.*.d/</filename> and
        <filename>/usr/lib/sysupdate.*.d/</filename> directories that contain transfer files. This command is
        useful to list possible parameters for <option>--component=</option> (see below).</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
      <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Options</title>

    <para>The following options are understood:</para>

    <variablelist>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--component=</option></term>
        <term><option>-C</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Selects the component to update. Takes a component name as argument. This has the
        effect of slightly altering the search logic for transfer files. If this switch is not used, the
        transfer files are loaded from <filename>/etc/sysupdate.d/*.conf</filename>,
        <filename>/run/sysupdate.d/*.conf</filename> and <filename>/usr/lib/sysupdate.d/*.conf</filename>. If
        this switch is used, the specified component name is used to alter the directories to look in to be
        <filename>/etc/sysupdate.<replaceable>component</replaceable>.d/*.conf</filename>,
        <filename>/run/sysupdate.<replaceable>component</replaceable>.d/*.conf</filename> and
        <filename>/usr/lib/sysupdate.<replaceable>component</replaceable>.d/*.conf</filename>, each time with
        the <filename><replaceable>component</replaceable></filename> string replaced with the specified
        component name.</para>

        <para>Use the <command>components</command> command to list available components to update. This enumerates
        the directories matching this naming rule.</para>

        <para>Components may be used to define a separate set of transfer files for different components of
        the OS that shall be updated separately. Do not use this concept for resources that shall always be
        updated together in a synchronous fashion. Simply define multiple transfer files within the same
        <filename>sysupdate.d/</filename> directory for these cases.</para>

        <para>This option may not be combined with <option>--definitions=</option>.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--definitions=</option></term>

        <listitem><para>A path to a directory. If specified, the transfer <filename>*.conf</filename> files
        are read from this directory instead of <filename>/usr/lib/sysupdate.d/*.conf</filename>,
        <filename>/etc/sysupdate.d/*.conf</filename>, and <filename>/run/sysupdate.d/*.conf</filename>.</para>

        <para>This option may not be combined with <option>--component=</option>.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--root=</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Takes a path to a directory to use as root file system when searching for
        <filename>sysupdate.d/*.conf</filename> files.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--image=</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Takes a path to a disk image file or device to mount and use in a similar fashion to
        <option>--root=</option>, see above. If this is used and partition resources are updated this is done
        inside the specified disk image.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="image-policy-open" />

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--instances-max=</option></term>
        <term><option>-m</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Takes a decimal integer greater than or equal to 2 while updating or 1 while vacuuming.
        Controls how many versions to keep at any time. This option may also be configured inside the transfer
        files, via the <varname>InstancesMax=</varname> setting, see
        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysupdate.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for
        details.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--sync=</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument, defaults to yes. This may be used to specify whether the
        newly updated resource versions shall be synchronized to disk when appropriate (i.e. after the
        download is complete, before it is finalized, and again after finalization). This should not be
        turned off, except to improve runtime performance in testing environments.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--verify=</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument, defaults to yes. Controls whether to cryptographically
        verify downloads. Do not turn this off, except in testing environments.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--reboot</option></term>

        <listitem><para>When used in combination with the <command>update</command> commands and a new version is
        installed, automatically reboots the system immediately afterwards.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--offline</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Prevents fetching metadata from the network (i.e. <filename>SHA256SUMS</filename>).
        This is most useful when used in combination with the <command>list</command> command, to query
        locally installed versions.</para>

        <para>If used in combination with the <command>update</command> command, it allows updates to be
        downloaded in advance (using <command>acquire</command>) and installed later.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v257"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--transfer-source=</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Takes a path as its argument. When specified, all transfer sources configured with
        <varname>PathRelativeTo=explicit</varname> will be interpreted relative to the specified path.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v257"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" />
      <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-legend" />
      <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="json" />
    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Exit status</title>

    <para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code otherwise.</para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>See Also</title>
    <para><simplelist type="inline">
      <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
      <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysupdate.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
      <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysupdated.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
      <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-repart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
    </simplelist></para>
  </refsect1>

</refentry>