niceSOFT/systemd: The systemd System and Service Manager

man/systemd-cryptsetup.xml
172 строки8 KB
Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
man: better tags, more links, minor grammar and formatting improvements
28 май 2025, 16:35
28 май 2025, 16:35b082968
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<!--*-nxml-*-->
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd">
<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
<refentry id="systemd-cryptsetup" conditional='HAVE_LIBCRYPTSETUP' xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">

  <refentryinfo>
    <title>systemd-cryptsetup</title>
    <productname>systemd</productname>
  </refentryinfo>

  <refmeta>
    <refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup</refentrytitle>
    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
  </refmeta>

  <refnamediv>
    <refname>systemd-cryptsetup</refname>
    <refname>systemd-cryptsetup@.service</refname>
    <!-- <refname>system-systemd\x2dcryptsetup.slice</refname> — this causes meson to go haywire because it
         thinks this is a (windows) path. Let's just not create the alias for this name, and only include it
         in the synopsis. -->
    <refpurpose>Full disk decryption logic</refpurpose>
  </refnamediv>

  <refsynopsisdiv>
    <cmdsynopsis>
      <command>systemd-cryptsetup</command>
      <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
      <arg choice="plain">attach</arg>
      <arg choice="plain">VOLUME</arg>
      <arg choice="plain">SOURCE-DEVICE</arg>
      <arg choice="opt">KEY-FILE</arg>
      <arg choice="opt">CRYPTTAB-OPTIONS</arg>
    </cmdsynopsis>

    <cmdsynopsis>
      <command>systemd-cryptsetup</command>
      <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
      <arg choice="plain">detach</arg>
      <arg choice="plain">VOLUME</arg>
    </cmdsynopsis>

    <para><filename>systemd-cryptsetup@.service</filename></para>
    <para><filename>system-systemd\x2dcryptsetup.slice</filename></para>
  </refsynopsisdiv>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Description</title>

    <para><command>systemd-cryptsetup</command> is used to set up (with <command>attach</command>) and tear
    down (with <command>detach</command>) access to an encrypted block device. It is primarily used via
    <filename>systemd-cryptsetup@.service</filename> during early boot, but may also be called manually.
    The positional arguments <parameter>VOLUME</parameter>, <parameter>SOURCE-DEVICE</parameter>,
    <parameter>KEY-FILE</parameter>, and <parameter>CRYPTTAB-OPTIONS</parameter> have the same meaning as the
    fields in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
    </para>

    <para><filename>systemd-cryptsetup@.service</filename> is a service responsible for providing access to
    encrypted block devices. It is instantiated for each device that requires decryption.</para>

    <para><filename>systemd-cryptsetup@.service</filename> instances are part of the
    <filename>system-systemd\x2dcryptsetup.slice</filename> slice, which is destroyed only very late in the
    shutdown procedure. This allows the encrypted devices to remain up until filesystems have been unmounted.
    </para>

    <para><filename>systemd-cryptsetup@.service</filename> will ask
    for hard disk passwords via the <ulink
    url="https://systemd.io/PASSWORD_AGENTS/">password agent logic</ulink>, in
    order to query the user for the password using the right mechanism at boot
    and during runtime.</para>

    <para>At early boot and when the system manager configuration is reloaded, <filename>/etc/crypttab</filename> is
    translated into <filename>systemd-cryptsetup@.service</filename> units by
    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>

    <para>In order to unlock a volume a password or binary key is required.
    <filename>systemd-cryptsetup@.service</filename> tries to acquire a suitable password or binary key via
    the following mechanisms, tried in order:</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem><para>If a key file is explicitly configured (via the third column in
      <filename>/etc/crypttab</filename>), a key read from it is used. If a PKCS#11 token, FIDO2 token or
      TPM2 device is configured (using the <varname>pkcs11-uri=</varname>, <varname>fido2-device=</varname>,
      <varname>tpm2-device=</varname> options) the key is decrypted before use.</para></listitem>

      <listitem><para>If no key file is configured explicitly this way, a key file is automatically loaded
      from <filename>/etc/cryptsetup-keys.d/<replaceable>volume</replaceable>.key</filename> and
      <filename>/run/cryptsetup-keys.d/<replaceable>volume</replaceable>.key</filename>, if present. Here
      too, if a PKCS#11/FIDO2/TPM2 token/device is configured, any key found this way is decrypted before
      use.</para></listitem>

      <listitem><para>If the <varname>try-empty-password</varname> option is specified then unlocking the
      volume with an empty password is attempted.</para></listitem>

      <listitem><para>If the <varname>password-cache=</varname> option is set to <literal>yes</literal> or
      <literal>read-only</literal>, the kernel keyring is then checked for a suitable cached password from
      previous attempts.</para></listitem>

      <listitem><para>Finally, the user is queried for a password, possibly multiple times, unless
      the <varname>headless</varname> option is set.</para></listitem>
    </orderedlist>

    <para>If no suitable key may be acquired via any of the mechanisms describes above, volume activation fails.</para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Credentials</title>

    <para><command>systemd-cryptsetup</command> supports the service credentials logic as implemented by
    <varname>ImportCredential=</varname>/<varname>LoadCredential=</varname>/<varname>SetCredential=</varname>
    (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for
    details). The following credentials are used by <literal>systemd-crypsetup@root.service</literal>
    (generated by <command>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</command>) when passed in:</para>

    <variablelist class='system-credentials'>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>cryptsetup.passphrase</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>This credential specifies the passphrase of the LUKS volume.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>cryptsetup.tpm2-pin</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>This credential specifies the TPM pin.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>cryptsetup.fido2-pin</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>This credential specifies the FIDO2 token pin.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>cryptsetup.pkcs11-pin</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>This credential specifies the PKCS11 token pin.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>cryptsetup.luks2-pin</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>This credential specifies the pin requested by generic LUKS2 token modules.</para>

        <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>See Also</title>
    <para><simplelist type="inline">
      <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
      <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
      <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
      <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptenroll</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
      <member><citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
      <member><ulink url="https://systemd.io/TPM2_PCR_MEASUREMENTS">TPM2 PCR Measurements Made by systemd</ulink></member>
     </simplelist></para>
  </refsect1>

</refentry>