niceSOFT/python3-pytest: The pytest framework makes it easy to write small tests, yet scales to support complex functional testing

src/_pytest/pytester.py
1 803 строки61 KB
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fix missing type annotations on `makepyfile` and `maketxtfile` methods (#14080)
23 май 2026, 16:29
23 май 2026, 16:29fd90f70
# mypy: allow-untyped-defs
"""(Disabled by default) support for testing pytest and pytest plugins.

PYTEST_DONT_REWRITE
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import collections.abc
from collections.abc import Callable
from collections.abc import Generator
from collections.abc import Iterable
from collections.abc import Mapping
from collections.abc import Sequence
import contextlib
from fnmatch import fnmatch
import gc
import importlib
from io import StringIO
import locale
import os
from pathlib import Path
import platform
import re
import shutil
import subprocess
import sys
import traceback
from typing import Any
from typing import Final
from typing import final
from typing import IO
from typing import Literal
from typing import overload
from typing import TextIO
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary

from iniconfig import IniConfig
from iniconfig import SectionWrapper

from _pytest import timing
from _pytest._code import Source
from _pytest.capture import _get_multicapture
from _pytest.compat import NOTSET
from _pytest.compat import NotSetType
from _pytest.config import _PluggyPlugin
from _pytest.config import Config
from _pytest.config import ExitCode
from _pytest.config import hookimpl
from _pytest.config import main
from _pytest.config import PytestPluginManager
from _pytest.config.argparsing import Parser
from _pytest.deprecated import check_ispytest
from _pytest.fixtures import fixture
from _pytest.fixtures import FixtureRequest
from _pytest.main import Session
from _pytest.monkeypatch import MonkeyPatch
from _pytest.nodes import Collector
from _pytest.nodes import Item
from _pytest.outcomes import fail
from _pytest.outcomes import importorskip
from _pytest.outcomes import skip
from _pytest.pathlib import bestrelpath
from _pytest.pathlib import make_numbered_dir
from _pytest.reports import CollectReport
from _pytest.reports import TestReport
from _pytest.tmpdir import TempPathFactory
from _pytest.warning_types import PytestFDWarning


if TYPE_CHECKING:
    import pexpect


pytest_plugins = ["pytester_assertions"]


IGNORE_PAM = [  # filenames added when obtaining details about the current user
    "/var/lib/sss/mc/passwd"
]


def pytest_addoption(parser: Parser) -> None:
    parser.addoption(
        "--lsof",
        action="store_true",
        dest="lsof",
        default=False,
        help="Run FD checks if lsof is available",
    )

    parser.addoption(
        "--runpytest",
        default="inprocess",
        dest="runpytest",
        choices=("inprocess", "subprocess"),
        help=(
            "Run pytest sub runs in tests using an 'inprocess' "
            "or 'subprocess' (python -m main) method"
        ),
    )

    parser.addini(
        "pytester_example_dir", help="Directory to take the pytester example files from"
    )


def pytest_configure(config: Config) -> None:
    if config.getvalue("lsof"):
        checker = LsofFdLeakChecker()
        if checker.matching_platform():
            config.pluginmanager.register(checker)

    config.addinivalue_line(
        "markers",
        "pytester_example_path(*path_segments): join the given path "
        "segments to `pytester_example_dir` for this test.",
    )


class LsofFdLeakChecker:
    def get_open_files(self) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
        if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
            # New in Python 3.11, ignores utf-8 mode
            encoding = locale.getencoding()
        else:
            encoding = locale.getpreferredencoding(False)
        out = subprocess.run(
            ("lsof", "-Ffn0", "-p", str(os.getpid())),
            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
            stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
            check=True,
            text=True,
            encoding=encoding,
        ).stdout

        def isopen(line: str) -> bool:
            return line.startswith("f") and (
                "deleted" not in line
                and "mem" not in line
                and "txt" not in line
                and "cwd" not in line
            )

        open_files = []

        for line in out.split("\n"):
            if isopen(line):
                fields = line.split("\0")
                fd = fields[0][1:]
                filename = fields[1][1:]
                if filename in IGNORE_PAM:
                    continue
                if filename.startswith("/"):
                    open_files.append((fd, filename))

        return open_files

    def matching_platform(self) -> bool:
        try:
            subprocess.run(("lsof", "-v"), check=True)
        except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
            return False
        else:
            return True

    @hookimpl(wrapper=True, tryfirst=True)
    def pytest_runtest_protocol(self, item: Item) -> Generator[None, object, object]:
        lines1 = self.get_open_files()
        try:
            return (yield)
        finally:
            if hasattr(sys, "pypy_version_info"):
                gc.collect()
            lines2 = self.get_open_files()

            new_fds = {t[0] for t in lines2} - {t[0] for t in lines1}
            leaked_files = [t for t in lines2 if t[0] in new_fds]
            if leaked_files:
                error = [
                    f"***** {len(leaked_files)} FD leakage detected",
                    *(str(f) for f in leaked_files),
                    "*** Before:",
                    *(str(f) for f in lines1),
                    "*** After:",
                    *(str(f) for f in lines2),
                    f"***** {len(leaked_files)} FD leakage detected",
                    "*** function {}:{}: {} ".format(*item.location),
                    "See issue #2366",
                ]
                item.warn(PytestFDWarning("\n".join(error)))


# used at least by pytest-xdist plugin


@fixture
def _pytest(request: FixtureRequest) -> PytestArg:
    """Return a helper which offers a gethookrecorder(hook) method which
    returns a HookRecorder instance which helps to make assertions about called
    hooks."""
    return PytestArg(request)


class PytestArg:
    def __init__(self, request: FixtureRequest) -> None:
        self._request = request

    def gethookrecorder(self, hook) -> HookRecorder:
        hookrecorder = HookRecorder(hook._pm)
        self._request.addfinalizer(hookrecorder.finish_recording)
        return hookrecorder


def get_public_names(values: Iterable[str]) -> list[str]:
    """Only return names from iterator values without a leading underscore."""
    return [x for x in values if x[0] != "_"]


@final
class RecordedHookCall:
    """A recorded call to a hook.

    The arguments to the hook call are set as attributes.
    For example:

    .. code-block:: python

        calls = hook_recorder.getcalls("pytest_runtest_setup")
        # Suppose pytest_runtest_setup was called once with `item=an_item`.
        assert calls[0].item is an_item
    """

    def __init__(self, name: str, kwargs) -> None:
        self.__dict__.update(kwargs)
        self._name = name

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        d = self.__dict__.copy()
        del d["_name"]
        return f"<RecordedHookCall {self._name!r}(**{d!r})>"

    if TYPE_CHECKING:
        # The class has undetermined attributes, this tells mypy about it.
        def __getattr__(self, key: str): ...


@final
class HookRecorder:
    """Record all hooks called in a plugin manager.

    Hook recorders are created by :class:`Pytester`.

    This wraps all the hook calls in the plugin manager, recording each call
    before propagating the normal calls.
    """

    def __init__(
        self, pluginmanager: PytestPluginManager, *, _ispytest: bool = False
    ) -> None:
        check_ispytest(_ispytest)

        self._pluginmanager = pluginmanager
        self.calls: list[RecordedHookCall] = []
        self.ret: int | ExitCode | None = None

        def before(hook_name: str, hook_impls, kwargs) -> None:
            self.calls.append(RecordedHookCall(hook_name, kwargs))

        def after(outcome, hook_name: str, hook_impls, kwargs) -> None:
            pass

        self._undo_wrapping = pluginmanager.add_hookcall_monitoring(before, after)

    def finish_recording(self) -> None:
        self._undo_wrapping()

    def getcalls(self, names: str | Iterable[str]) -> list[RecordedHookCall]:
        """Get all recorded calls to hooks with the given names (or name)."""
        if isinstance(names, str):
            names = names.split()
        return [call for call in self.calls if call._name in names]

    def assert_contains(self, entries: Sequence[tuple[str, str]]) -> None:
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        i = 0
        entries = list(entries)
        # Since Python 3.13, f_locals is not a dict, but eval requires a dict.
        backlocals = dict(sys._getframe(1).f_locals)
        while entries:
            name, check = entries.pop(0)
            for ind, call in enumerate(self.calls[i:]):
                if call._name == name:
                    print("NAMEMATCH", name, call)
                    if eval(check, backlocals, call.__dict__):
                        print("CHECKERMATCH", repr(check), "->", call)
                    else:
                        print("NOCHECKERMATCH", repr(check), "-", call)
                        continue
                    i += ind + 1
                    break
                print("NONAMEMATCH", name, "with", call)
            else:
                fail(f"could not find {name!r} check {check!r}")

    def popcall(self, name: str) -> RecordedHookCall:
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        for i, call in enumerate(self.calls):
            if call._name == name:
                del self.calls[i]
                return call
        lines = [f"could not find call {name!r}, in:"]
        lines.extend([f"  {x}" for x in self.calls])
        fail("\n".join(lines))

    def getcall(self, name: str) -> RecordedHookCall:
        values = self.getcalls(name)
        assert len(values) == 1, (name, values)
        return values[0]

    # functionality for test reports

    @overload
    def getreports(
        self,
        names: Literal["pytest_collectreport"],
    ) -> Sequence[CollectReport]: ...

    @overload
    def getreports(
        self,
        names: Literal["pytest_runtest_logreport"],
    ) -> Sequence[TestReport]: ...

    @overload
    def getreports(
        self,
        names: str | Iterable[str] = (
            "pytest_collectreport",
            "pytest_runtest_logreport",
        ),
    ) -> Sequence[CollectReport | TestReport]: ...

    def getreports(
        self,
        names: str | Iterable[str] = (
            "pytest_collectreport",
            "pytest_runtest_logreport",
        ),
    ) -> Sequence[CollectReport | TestReport]:
        return [x.report for x in self.getcalls(names)]

    def matchreport(
        self,
        inamepart: str = "",
        names: str | Iterable[str] = (
            "pytest_runtest_logreport",
            "pytest_collectreport",
        ),
        when: str | None = None,
    ) -> CollectReport | TestReport:
        """Return a testreport whose dotted import path matches."""
        values = []
        for rep in self.getreports(names=names):
            if not when and rep.when != "call" and rep.passed:
                # setup/teardown passing reports - let's ignore those
                continue
            if when and rep.when != when:
                continue
            if not inamepart or inamepart in rep.nodeid.split("::"):
                values.append(rep)
        if not values:
            raise ValueError(
                f"could not find test report matching {inamepart!r}: "
                "no test reports at all!"
            )
        if len(values) > 1:
            raise ValueError(
                f"found 2 or more testreports matching {inamepart!r}: {values}"
            )
        return values[0]

    @overload
    def getfailures(
        self,
        names: Literal["pytest_collectreport"],
    ) -> Sequence[CollectReport]: ...

    @overload
    def getfailures(
        self,
        names: Literal["pytest_runtest_logreport"],
    ) -> Sequence[TestReport]: ...

    @overload
    def getfailures(
        self,
        names: str | Iterable[str] = (
            "pytest_collectreport",
            "pytest_runtest_logreport",
        ),
    ) -> Sequence[CollectReport | TestReport]: ...

    def getfailures(
        self,
        names: str | Iterable[str] = (
            "pytest_collectreport",
            "pytest_runtest_logreport",
        ),
    ) -> Sequence[CollectReport | TestReport]:
        return [rep for rep in self.getreports(names) if rep.failed]

    def getfailedcollections(self) -> Sequence[CollectReport]:
        return self.getfailures("pytest_collectreport")

    def listoutcomes(
        self,
    ) -> tuple[
        Sequence[TestReport],
        Sequence[CollectReport | TestReport],
        Sequence[CollectReport | TestReport],
    ]:
        passed = []
        skipped = []
        failed = []
        for rep in self.getreports(
            ("pytest_collectreport", "pytest_runtest_logreport")
        ):
            if rep.passed:
                if rep.when == "call":
                    assert isinstance(rep, TestReport)
                    passed.append(rep)
            elif rep.skipped:
                skipped.append(rep)
            else:
                assert rep.failed, f"Unexpected outcome: {rep!r}"
                failed.append(rep)
        return passed, skipped, failed

    def countoutcomes(self) -> list[int]:
        return [len(x) for x in self.listoutcomes()]

    def assertoutcome(self, passed: int = 0, skipped: int = 0, failed: int = 0) -> None:
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        from _pytest.pytester_assertions import assertoutcome

        outcomes = self.listoutcomes()
        assertoutcome(
            outcomes,
            passed=passed,
            skipped=skipped,
            failed=failed,
        )

    def clear(self) -> None:
        self.calls[:] = []


@fixture
def linecomp() -> LineComp:
    """A :class: `LineComp` instance for checking that an input linearly
    contains a sequence of strings."""
    return LineComp()


@fixture(name="LineMatcher")
def LineMatcher_fixture(request: FixtureRequest) -> type[LineMatcher]:
    """A reference to the :class: `LineMatcher`.

    This is instantiable with a list of lines (without their trailing newlines).
    This is useful for testing large texts, such as the output of commands.
    """
    return LineMatcher


@fixture
def pytester(
    request: FixtureRequest, tmp_path_factory: TempPathFactory, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch
) -> Pytester:
    """
    Facilities to write tests/configuration files, execute pytest in isolation, and match
    against expected output, perfect for black-box testing of pytest plugins.

    It attempts to isolate the test run from external factors as much as possible, modifying
    the current working directory to ``path`` and environment variables during initialization.

    It is particularly useful for testing plugins. It is similar to the :fixture:`tmp_path`
    fixture but provides methods which aid in testing pytest itself.
    """
    return Pytester(request, tmp_path_factory, monkeypatch, _ispytest=True)


@fixture
def _sys_snapshot() -> Generator[None]:
    snappaths = SysPathsSnapshot()
    snapmods = SysModulesSnapshot()
    yield
    snapmods.restore()
    snappaths.restore()


@fixture
def _config_for_test() -> Generator[Config]:
    from _pytest.config import get_config

    config = get_config()
    yield config
    config._ensure_unconfigure()  # cleanup, e.g. capman closing tmpfiles.


# Regex to match the session duration string in the summary: "74.34s".
rex_session_duration = re.compile(r"\d+\.\d\ds")
# Regex to match all the counts and phrases in the summary line: "34 passed, 111 skipped".
rex_outcome = re.compile(r"(\d+) (\w+)")


@final
class RunResult:
    """The result of running a command from :class:`~pytest.Pytester`."""

    def __init__(
        self,
        ret: int | ExitCode,
        outlines: list[str],
        errlines: list[str],
        duration: float,
    ) -> None:
        try:
            self.ret: int | ExitCode = ExitCode(ret)
            """The return value."""
        except ValueError:
            self.ret = ret
        self.outlines = outlines
        """List of lines captured from stdout."""
        self.errlines = errlines
        """List of lines captured from stderr."""
        self.stdout = LineMatcher(outlines)
        """:class:`~pytest.LineMatcher` of stdout.

        Use e.g. :func:`str(stdout) <pytest.LineMatcher.__str__()>` to reconstruct stdout, or the commonly used
        :func:`stdout.fnmatch_lines() <pytest.LineMatcher.fnmatch_lines()>` method.
        """
        self.stderr = LineMatcher(errlines)
        """:class:`~pytest.LineMatcher` of stderr."""
        self.duration = duration
        """Duration in seconds."""

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return (
            f"<RunResult ret={self.ret!s} "
            f"len(stdout.lines)={len(self.stdout.lines)} "
            f"len(stderr.lines)={len(self.stderr.lines)} "
            f"duration={self.duration:.2f}s>"
        )

    def parseoutcomes(self) -> dict[str, int]:
        """Return a dictionary of outcome noun -> count from parsing the terminal
        output that the test process produced.

        The returned nouns will always be in plural form::

            ======= 1 failed, 1 passed, 1 warning, 1 error in 0.13s ====

        Will return ``{"failed": 1, "passed": 1, "warnings": 1, "errors": 1}``.
        """
        return self.parse_summary_nouns(self.outlines)

    @classmethod
    def parse_summary_nouns(cls, lines) -> dict[str, int]:
        """Extract the nouns from a pytest terminal summary line.

        It always returns the plural noun for consistency::

            ======= 1 failed, 1 passed, 1 warning, 1 error in 0.13s ====

        Will return ``{"failed": 1, "passed": 1, "warnings": 1, "errors": 1}``.
        """
        for line in reversed(lines):
            if rex_session_duration.search(line):
                outcomes = rex_outcome.findall(line)
                ret = {noun: int(count) for (count, noun) in outcomes}
                break
        else:
            raise ValueError("Pytest terminal summary report not found")

        to_plural = {
            "warning": "warnings",
            "error": "errors",
        }
        return {to_plural.get(k, k): v for k, v in ret.items()}

    def assert_outcomes(
        self,
        passed: int = 0,
        skipped: int = 0,
        failed: int = 0,
        errors: int = 0,
        xpassed: int = 0,
        xfailed: int = 0,
        warnings: int | None = None,
        deselected: int | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Assert that the specified outcomes appear with the respective
        numbers (0 means it didn't occur) in the text output from a test run.

        ``warnings`` and ``deselected`` are only checked if not None.
        """
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        from _pytest.pytester_assertions import assert_outcomes

        outcomes = self.parseoutcomes()
        assert_outcomes(
            outcomes,
            passed=passed,
            skipped=skipped,
            failed=failed,
            errors=errors,
            xpassed=xpassed,
            xfailed=xfailed,
            warnings=warnings,
            deselected=deselected,
        )


class SysModulesSnapshot:
    def __init__(self, preserve: Callable[[str], bool] | None = None) -> None:
        self.__preserve = preserve
        self.__saved = dict(sys.modules)

    def restore(self) -> None:
        if self.__preserve:
            self.__saved.update(
                (k, m) for k, m in sys.modules.items() if self.__preserve(k)
            )
        sys.modules.clear()
        sys.modules.update(self.__saved)


class SysPathsSnapshot:
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.__saved = list(sys.path), list(sys.meta_path)

    def restore(self) -> None:
        sys.path[:], sys.meta_path[:] = self.__saved


_FileContent = tuple[str | bytes, ...] | list[str | bytes] | str | bytes


@final
class Pytester:
    """
    Facilities to write tests/configuration files, execute pytest in isolation, and match
    against expected output, perfect for black-box testing of pytest plugins.

    It attempts to isolate the test run from external factors as much as possible, modifying
    the current working directory to :attr:`path` and environment variables during initialization.
    """

    __test__ = False

    CLOSE_STDIN: Final = NOTSET

    class TimeoutExpired(Exception):
        pass

    def __init__(
        self,
        request: FixtureRequest,
        tmp_path_factory: TempPathFactory,
        monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch,
        *,
        _ispytest: bool = False,
    ) -> None:
        check_ispytest(_ispytest)
        self._request = request
        self._mod_collections: WeakKeyDictionary[Collector, list[Item | Collector]] = (
            WeakKeyDictionary()
        )
        if request.function:
            name: str = request.function.__name__
        else:
            name = request.node.name
        self._name = name
        self._path: Path = tmp_path_factory.mktemp(name, numbered=True)
        #: A list of plugins to use with :py:meth:`parseconfig` and
        #: :py:meth:`runpytest`. Initially this is an empty list but plugins can
        #: be added to the list.
        #:
        #: When running in subprocess mode, specify plugins by name (str) - adding
        #: plugin objects directly is not supported.
        self.plugins: list[str | _PluggyPlugin] = []
        self._sys_path_snapshot = SysPathsSnapshot()
        self._sys_modules_snapshot = self.__take_sys_modules_snapshot()
        self._request.addfinalizer(self._finalize)
        self._method = self._request.config.getoption("--runpytest")
        self._test_tmproot = tmp_path_factory.mktemp(f"tmp-{name}", numbered=True)

        self._monkeypatch = mp = monkeypatch
        self.chdir()
        mp.setenv("PYTEST_DEBUG_TEMPROOT", str(self._test_tmproot))
        # Ensure no unexpected caching via tox.
        mp.delenv("TOX_ENV_DIR", raising=False)
        # Discard outer pytest options.
        mp.delenv("PYTEST_ADDOPTS", raising=False)
        # Ensure no user config is used.
        tmphome = str(self.path)
        mp.setenv("HOME", tmphome)
        mp.setenv("USERPROFILE", tmphome)
        # Do not use colors for inner runs by default.
        mp.setenv("PY_COLORS", "0")

    @property
    def path(self) -> Path:
        """Temporary directory path used to create files/run tests from, etc."""
        return self._path

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return f"<Pytester {self.path!r}>"

    def _finalize(self) -> None:
        """
        Clean up global state artifacts.

        Some methods modify the global interpreter state and this tries to
        clean this up. It does not remove the temporary directory however so
        it can be looked at after the test run has finished.
        """
        self._sys_modules_snapshot.restore()
        self._sys_path_snapshot.restore()

    def __take_sys_modules_snapshot(self) -> SysModulesSnapshot:
        # Some zope modules used by twisted-related tests keep internal state
        # and can't be deleted; we had some trouble in the past with
        # `zope.interface` for example.
        #
        # Preserve readline due to https://bugs.python.org/issue41033.
        # pexpect issues a SIGWINCH.
        def preserve_module(name):
            return name.startswith(("zope", "readline"))

        return SysModulesSnapshot(preserve=preserve_module)

    def make_hook_recorder(self, pluginmanager: PytestPluginManager) -> HookRecorder:
        """Create a new :class:`HookRecorder` for a :class:`PytestPluginManager`."""
        pluginmanager.reprec = reprec = HookRecorder(pluginmanager, _ispytest=True)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
        self._request.addfinalizer(reprec.finish_recording)
        return reprec

    def chdir(self) -> None:
        """Cd into the temporary directory.

        This is done automatically upon instantiation.
        """
        self._monkeypatch.chdir(self.path)

    def _makefile(
        self,
        ext: str,
        lines: Sequence[Any | bytes],
        files: Mapping[str, _FileContent],
        encoding: str = "utf-8",
    ) -> Path:
        items = list(files.items())

        if ext is None:
            raise TypeError("ext must not be None")

        if ext and not ext.startswith("."):
            raise ValueError(
                f"pytester.makefile expects a file extension, try .{ext} instead of {ext}"
            )

        def to_text(s: Any | bytes) -> str:
            return s.decode(encoding) if isinstance(s, bytes) else str(s)

        if lines:
            source = "\n".join(to_text(x) for x in lines)
            basename = self._name
            items.insert(0, (basename, source))

        ret = None
        for basename, value in items:
            p = self.path.joinpath(basename).with_suffix(ext)
            p.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
            source_ = Source(value)
            source = "\n".join(to_text(line) for line in source_.lines)
            p.write_text(source.strip(), encoding=encoding)
            if ret is None:
                ret = p
        assert ret is not None
        return ret

    def makefile(self, ext: str, *args: str, **kwargs: str) -> Path:
        r"""Create new text file(s) in the test directory.

        :param ext:
            The extension the file(s) should use, including the dot, e.g. `.py`.
        :param args:
            All args are treated as strings and joined using newlines.
            The result is written as contents to the file.  The name of the
            file is based on the test function requesting this fixture.
        :param kwargs:
            Each keyword is the name of a file, while the value of it will
            be written as contents of the file.
        :returns:
            The first created file.

        Examples:

        .. code-block:: python

            pytester.makefile(".txt", "line1", "line2")

            pytester.makefile(".ini", pytest="[pytest]\naddopts=-rs\n")

        To create binary files, use :meth:`pathlib.Path.write_bytes` directly:

        .. code-block:: python

            filename = pytester.path.joinpath("foo.bin")
            filename.write_bytes(b"...")
        """
        return self._makefile(ext, args, kwargs)

    def makeconftest(self, source: str) -> Path:
        """Write a conftest.py file.

        :param source: The contents.
        :returns: The conftest.py file.
        """
        return self.makepyfile(conftest=source)

    def makeini(self, source: str) -> Path:
        """Write a tox.ini file.

        :param source: The contents.
        :returns: The tox.ini file.
        """
        return self.makefile(".ini", tox=source)

    def maketoml(self, source: str) -> Path:
        """Write a pytest.toml file.

        :param source: The contents.
        :returns: The pytest.toml file.

        .. versionadded:: 9.0
        """
        return self.makefile(".toml", pytest=source)

    def getinicfg(self, source: str) -> SectionWrapper:
        """Return the pytest section from the tox.ini config file."""
        p = self.makeini(source)
        return IniConfig(str(p))["pytest"]

    def makepyprojecttoml(self, source: str) -> Path:
        """Write a pyproject.toml file.

        :param source: The contents.
        :returns: The pyproject.ini file.

        .. versionadded:: 6.0
        """
        return self.makefile(".toml", pyproject=source)

    def makepyfile(self, *args: _FileContent, **kwargs: _FileContent) -> Path:
        r"""Shortcut for .makefile() with a .py extension.

        Defaults to the test name with a '.py' extension, e.g test_foobar.py, overwriting
        existing files.

        Examples:

        .. code-block:: python

            def test_something(pytester):
                # Initial file is created test_something.py.
                pytester.makepyfile("foobar")
                # To create multiple files, pass kwargs accordingly.
                pytester.makepyfile(custom="foobar")
                # At this point, both 'test_something.py' & 'custom.py' exist in the test directory.

        """
        return self._makefile(".py", args, kwargs)

    def maketxtfile(self, *args: _FileContent, **kwargs: _FileContent) -> Path:
        r"""Shortcut for .makefile() with a .txt extension.

        Defaults to the test name with a '.txt' extension, e.g test_foobar.txt, overwriting
        existing files.

        Examples:

        .. code-block:: python

            def test_something(pytester):
                # Initial file is created test_something.txt.
                pytester.maketxtfile("foobar")
                # To create multiple files, pass kwargs accordingly.
                pytester.maketxtfile(custom="foobar")
                # At this point, both 'test_something.txt' & 'custom.txt' exist in the test directory.

        """
        return self._makefile(".txt", args, kwargs)

    def syspathinsert(self, path: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None) -> None:
        """Prepend a directory to sys.path, defaults to :attr:`path`.

        This is undone automatically when this object dies at the end of each
        test.

        :param path:
            The path.
        """
        if path is None:
            path = self.path

        self._monkeypatch.syspath_prepend(str(path))

    def mkdir(self, name: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> Path:
        """Create a new (sub)directory.

        :param name:
            The name of the directory, relative to the pytester path.
        :returns:
            The created directory.
        :rtype: pathlib.Path
        """
        p = self.path / name
        p.mkdir()
        return p

    def mkpydir(self, name: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> Path:
        """Create a new python package.

        This creates a (sub)directory with an empty ``__init__.py`` file so it
        gets recognised as a Python package.
        """
        p = self.path / name
        p.mkdir()
        p.joinpath("__init__.py").touch()
        return p

    def copy_example(self, name: str | None = None) -> Path:
        """Copy file from project's directory into the testdir.

        :param name:
            The name of the file to copy.
        :return:
            Path to the copied directory (inside ``self.path``).
        :rtype: pathlib.Path
        """
        example_dir_ = self._request.config.getini("pytester_example_dir")
        if example_dir_ is None:
            raise ValueError("pytester_example_dir is unset, can't copy examples")
        example_dir: Path = self._request.config.rootpath / example_dir_

        for extra_element in self._request.node.iter_markers("pytester_example_path"):
            assert extra_element.args
            example_dir = example_dir.joinpath(*extra_element.args)

        if name is None:
            func_name = self._name
            maybe_dir = example_dir / func_name
            maybe_file = example_dir / (func_name + ".py")

            if maybe_dir.is_dir():
                example_path = maybe_dir
            elif maybe_file.is_file():
                example_path = maybe_file
            else:
                raise LookupError(
                    f"{func_name} can't be found as module or package in {example_dir}"
                )
        else:
            example_path = example_dir.joinpath(name)

        if example_path.is_dir() and not example_path.joinpath("__init__.py").is_file():
            shutil.copytree(example_path, self.path, symlinks=True, dirs_exist_ok=True)
            return self.path
        elif example_path.is_file():
            result = self.path.joinpath(example_path.name)
            shutil.copy(example_path, result)
            return result
        else:
            raise LookupError(
                f'example "{example_path}" is not found as a file or directory'
            )

    def getnode(self, config: Config, arg: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> Collector | Item:
        """Get the collection node of a file.

        :param config:
           A pytest config.
           See :py:meth:`parseconfig` and :py:meth:`parseconfigure` for creating it.
        :param arg:
            Path to the file.
        :returns:
            The node.
        """
        session = Session.from_config(config)
        assert "::" not in str(arg)
        p = Path(os.path.abspath(arg))
        config.hook.pytest_sessionstart(session=session)
        res = session.perform_collect([str(p)], genitems=False)[0]
        config.hook.pytest_sessionfinish(session=session, exitstatus=ExitCode.OK)
        return res

    def getpathnode(self, path: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> Collector | Item:
        """Return the collection node of a file.

        This is like :py:meth:`getnode` but uses :py:meth:`parseconfigure` to
        create the (configured) pytest Config instance.

        :param path:
            Path to the file.
        :returns:
            The node.
        """
        path = Path(path)
        config = self.parseconfigure(path)
        session = Session.from_config(config)
        x = bestrelpath(session.path, path)
        config.hook.pytest_sessionstart(session=session)
        res = session.perform_collect([x], genitems=False)[0]
        config.hook.pytest_sessionfinish(session=session, exitstatus=ExitCode.OK)
        return res

    def genitems(self, colitems: Sequence[Item | Collector]) -> list[Item]:
        """Generate all test items from a collection node.

        This recurses into the collection node and returns a list of all the
        test items contained within.

        :param colitems:
            The collection nodes.
        :returns:
            The collected items.
        """
        session = colitems[0].session
        result: list[Item] = []
        for colitem in colitems:
            result.extend(session.genitems(colitem))
        return result

    def runitem(self, source: str) -> Any:
        """Run the "test_func" Item.

        The calling test instance (class containing the test method) must
        provide a ``.getrunner()`` method which should return a runner which
        can run the test protocol for a single item, e.g.
        ``_pytest.runner.runtestprotocol``.
        """
        # used from runner functional tests
        item = self.getitem(source)
        # the test class where we are called from wants to provide the runner
        testclassinstance = self._request.instance
        runner = testclassinstance.getrunner()
        return runner(item)

    def inline_runsource(self, source: str, *cmdlineargs) -> HookRecorder:
        """Run a test module in process using ``pytest.main()``.

        This run writes "source" into a temporary file and runs
        ``pytest.main()`` on it, returning a :py:class:`HookRecorder` instance
        for the result.

        :param source: The source code of the test module.
        :param cmdlineargs: Any extra command line arguments to use.
        """
        p = self.makepyfile(source)
        values = [*list(cmdlineargs), p]
        return self.inline_run(*values)

    def inline_genitems(self, *args) -> tuple[list[Item], HookRecorder]:
        """Run ``pytest.main(['--collect-only'])`` in-process.

        Runs the :py:func:`pytest.main` function to run all of pytest inside
        the test process itself like :py:meth:`inline_run`, but returns a
        tuple of the collected items and a :py:class:`HookRecorder` instance.
        """
        rec = self.inline_run("--collect-only", *args)
        items = [x.item for x in rec.getcalls("pytest_itemcollected")]
        return items, rec

    def inline_run(
        self,
        *args: str | os.PathLike[str],
        plugins=(),
        no_reraise_ctrlc: bool = False,
    ) -> HookRecorder:
        """Run ``pytest.main()`` in-process, returning a HookRecorder.

        Runs the :py:func:`pytest.main` function to run all of pytest inside
        the test process itself.  This means it can return a
        :py:class:`HookRecorder` instance which gives more detailed results
        from that run than can be done by matching stdout/stderr from
        :py:meth:`runpytest`.

        :param args:
            Command line arguments to pass to :py:func:`pytest.main`.
        :param plugins:
            Extra plugin instances the ``pytest.main()`` instance should use.
        :param no_reraise_ctrlc:
            Typically we reraise keyboard interrupts from the child run. If
            True, the KeyboardInterrupt exception is captured.
        """
        from _pytest.unraisableexception import gc_collect_iterations_key

        # (maybe a cpython bug?) the importlib cache sometimes isn't updated
        # properly between file creation and inline_run (especially if imports
        # are interspersed with file creation)
        importlib.invalidate_caches()

        plugins = list(plugins)
        finalizers = []
        try:
            # Any sys.module or sys.path changes done while running pytest
            # inline should be reverted after the test run completes to avoid
            # clashing with later inline tests run within the same pytest test,
            # e.g. just because they use matching test module names.
            finalizers.append(self.__take_sys_modules_snapshot().restore)
            finalizers.append(SysPathsSnapshot().restore)

            # Important note:
            # - our tests should not leave any other references/registrations
            #   laying around other than possibly loaded test modules
            #   referenced from sys.modules, as nothing will clean those up
            #   automatically

            rec = []

            class PytesterHelperPlugin:
                @staticmethod
                def pytest_configure(config: Config) -> None:
                    rec.append(self.make_hook_recorder(config.pluginmanager))

                    # The unraisable plugin GC collect slows down inline
                    # pytester runs too much.
                    config.stash[gc_collect_iterations_key] = 0

            plugins.append(PytesterHelperPlugin())
            ret = main([str(x) for x in args], plugins=plugins)
            if len(rec) == 1:
                reprec = rec.pop()
            else:

                class reprec:  # type: ignore
                    pass

            reprec.ret = ret

            # Typically we reraise keyboard interrupts from the child run
            # because it's our user requesting interruption of the testing.
            if ret == ExitCode.INTERRUPTED and not no_reraise_ctrlc:
                calls = reprec.getcalls("pytest_keyboard_interrupt")
                if calls and calls[-1].excinfo.type == KeyboardInterrupt:
                    raise KeyboardInterrupt()
            return reprec
        finally:
            for finalizer in finalizers:
                finalizer()

    def runpytest_inprocess(
        self, *args: str | os.PathLike[str], **kwargs: Any
    ) -> RunResult:
        """Return result of running pytest in-process, providing a similar
        interface to what self.runpytest() provides."""
        syspathinsert = kwargs.pop("syspathinsert", False)

        if syspathinsert:
            self.syspathinsert()
        instant = timing.Instant()
        capture = _get_multicapture("sys")
        capture.start_capturing()
        try:
            try:
                reprec = self.inline_run(*args, **kwargs)
            except SystemExit as e:
                ret = e.args[0]
                try:
                    ret = ExitCode(e.args[0])
                except ValueError:
                    pass

                class reprec:  # type: ignore
                    ret = ret

            except Exception:
                traceback.print_exc()

                class reprec:  # type: ignore
                    ret = ExitCode(3)

        finally:
            out, err = capture.readouterr()
            capture.stop_capturing()
            sys.stdout.write(out)
            sys.stderr.write(err)

        assert reprec.ret is not None
        res = RunResult(
            reprec.ret, out.splitlines(), err.splitlines(), instant.elapsed().seconds
        )
        res.reprec = reprec  # type: ignore
        return res

    def runpytest(self, *args: str | os.PathLike[str], **kwargs: Any) -> RunResult:
        """Run pytest inline or in a subprocess, depending on the command line
        option "--runpytest" and return a :py:class:`~pytest.RunResult`."""
        new_args = self._ensure_basetemp(args)
        if self._method == "inprocess":
            return self.runpytest_inprocess(*new_args, **kwargs)
        elif self._method == "subprocess":
            return self.runpytest_subprocess(*new_args, **kwargs)
        raise RuntimeError(f"Unrecognized runpytest option: {self._method}")

    def _ensure_basetemp(
        self, args: Sequence[str | os.PathLike[str]]
    ) -> list[str | os.PathLike[str]]:
        new_args = list(args)
        for x in new_args:
            if str(x).startswith("--basetemp"):
                break
        else:
            new_args.append(
                "--basetemp={}".format(self.path.parent.joinpath("basetemp"))
            )
        return new_args

    def parseconfig(self, *args: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> Config:
        """Return a new pytest :class:`pytest.Config` instance from given
        commandline args.

        This invokes the pytest bootstrapping code in _pytest.config to create a
        new :py:class:`pytest.PytestPluginManager` and call the
        :hook:`pytest_cmdline_parse` hook to create a new :class:`pytest.Config`
        instance.

        If :attr:`plugins` has been populated they should be plugin modules
        to be registered with the plugin manager.
        """
        import _pytest.config

        new_args = [str(x) for x in self._ensure_basetemp(args)]

        config = _pytest.config._prepareconfig(new_args, self.plugins)
        # we don't know what the test will do with this half-setup config
        # object and thus we make sure it gets unconfigured properly in any
        # case (otherwise capturing could still be active, for example)
        self._request.addfinalizer(config._ensure_unconfigure)
        return config

    def parseconfigure(self, *args: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> Config:
        """Return a new pytest configured Config instance.

        Returns a new :py:class:`pytest.Config` instance like
        :py:meth:`parseconfig`, but also calls the :hook:`pytest_configure`
        hook.
        """
        config = self.parseconfig(*args)
        config._do_configure()
        return config

    def getitem(
        self, source: str | os.PathLike[str], funcname: str = "test_func"
    ) -> Item:
        """Return the test item for a test function.

        Writes the source to a python file and runs pytest's collection on
        the resulting module, returning the test item for the requested
        function name.

        :param source:
            The module source.
        :param funcname:
            The name of the test function for which to return a test item.
        :returns:
            The test item.
        """
        items = self.getitems(source)
        for item in items:
            if item.name == funcname:
                return item
        assert 0, f"{funcname!r} item not found in module:\n{source}\nitems: {items}"

    def getitems(self, source: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> list[Item]:
        """Return all test items collected from the module.

        Writes the source to a Python file and runs pytest's collection on
        the resulting module, returning all test items contained within.
        """
        modcol = self.getmodulecol(source)
        return self.genitems([modcol])

    def getmodulecol(
        self,
        source: str | os.PathLike[str],
        configargs=(),
        *,
        withinit: bool = False,
    ):
        """Return the module collection node for ``source``.

        Writes ``source`` to a file using :py:meth:`makepyfile` and then
        runs the pytest collection on it, returning the collection node for the
        test module.

        :param source:
            The source code of the module to collect.

        :param configargs:
            Any extra arguments to pass to :py:meth:`parseconfigure`.

        :param withinit:
            Whether to also write an ``__init__.py`` file to the same
            directory to ensure it is a package.
        """
        if isinstance(source, os.PathLike):
            path = self.path.joinpath(source)
            assert not withinit, "not supported for paths"
        else:
            kw = {self._name: str(source)}
            path = self.makepyfile(**kw)
        if withinit:
            self.makepyfile(__init__="#")
        self.config = config = self.parseconfigure(path, *configargs)
        return self.getnode(config, path)

    def collect_by_name(self, modcol: Collector, name: str) -> Item | Collector | None:
        """Return the collection node for name from the module collection.

        Searches a module collection node for a collection node matching the
        given name.

        :param modcol: A module collection node; see :py:meth:`getmodulecol`.
        :param name: The name of the node to return.
        """
        if modcol not in self._mod_collections:
            self._mod_collections[modcol] = list(modcol.collect())
        for colitem in self._mod_collections[modcol]:
            if colitem.name == name:
                return colitem
        return None

    def popen(
        self,
        cmdargs: Sequence[str | os.PathLike[str]],
        stdout: int | TextIO = subprocess.PIPE,
        stderr: int | TextIO = subprocess.PIPE,
        stdin: NotSetType | bytes | IO[Any] | int = CLOSE_STDIN,
        **kw,
    ):
        """Invoke :py:class:`subprocess.Popen`.

        Calls :py:class:`subprocess.Popen` making sure the current working
        directory is in ``PYTHONPATH``.

        You probably want to use :py:meth:`run` instead.
        """
        env = os.environ.copy()
        env["PYTHONPATH"] = os.pathsep.join(
            filter(None, [os.getcwd(), env.get("PYTHONPATH", "")])
        )
        kw["env"] = env

        if stdin is self.CLOSE_STDIN:
            kw["stdin"] = subprocess.PIPE
        elif isinstance(stdin, bytes):
            kw["stdin"] = subprocess.PIPE
        else:
            kw["stdin"] = stdin

        popen = subprocess.Popen(cmdargs, stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr, **kw)
        if stdin is self.CLOSE_STDIN:
            assert popen.stdin is not None
            popen.stdin.close()
        elif isinstance(stdin, bytes):
            assert popen.stdin is not None
            popen.stdin.write(stdin)

        return popen

    def run(
        self,
        *cmdargs: str | os.PathLike[str],
        timeout: float | None = None,
        stdin: NotSetType | bytes | IO[Any] | int = CLOSE_STDIN,
    ) -> RunResult:
        """Run a command with arguments.

        Run a process using :py:class:`subprocess.Popen` saving the stdout and
        stderr.

        :param cmdargs:
            The sequence of arguments to pass to :py:class:`subprocess.Popen`,
            with path-like objects being converted to :py:class:`str`
            automatically.
        :param timeout:
            The period in seconds after which to timeout and raise
            :py:class:`Pytester.TimeoutExpired`.
        :param stdin:
            Optional standard input.

            - If it is ``CLOSE_STDIN`` (Default), then this method calls
              :py:class:`subprocess.Popen` with ``stdin=subprocess.PIPE``, and
              the standard input is closed immediately after the new command is
              started.

            - If it is of type :py:class:`bytes`, these bytes are sent to the
              standard input of the command.

            - Otherwise, it is passed through to :py:class:`subprocess.Popen`.
              For further information in this case, consult the document of the
              ``stdin`` parameter in :py:class:`subprocess.Popen`.
        :type stdin: _pytest.compat.NotSetType | bytes | IO[Any] | int
        :returns:
            The result.

        """
        __tracebackhide__ = True

        cmdargs = tuple(os.fspath(arg) for arg in cmdargs)
        p1 = self.path.joinpath("stdout")
        p2 = self.path.joinpath("stderr")
        print("running:", *cmdargs)
        print("     in:", Path.cwd())

        with p1.open("w", encoding="utf8") as f1, p2.open("w", encoding="utf8") as f2:
            instant = timing.Instant()
            popen = self.popen(
                cmdargs,
                stdin=stdin,
                stdout=f1,
                stderr=f2,
            )
            if popen.stdin is not None:
                popen.stdin.close()

            def handle_timeout() -> None:
                __tracebackhide__ = True

                timeout_message = f"{timeout} second timeout expired running: {cmdargs}"

                popen.kill()
                popen.wait()
                raise self.TimeoutExpired(timeout_message)

            if timeout is None:
                ret = popen.wait()
            else:
                try:
                    ret = popen.wait(timeout)
                except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
                    handle_timeout()
            f1.flush()
            f2.flush()

        with p1.open(encoding="utf8") as f1, p2.open(encoding="utf8") as f2:
            out = f1.read().splitlines()
            err = f2.read().splitlines()

        self._dump_lines(out, sys.stdout)
        self._dump_lines(err, sys.stderr)

        with contextlib.suppress(ValueError):
            ret = ExitCode(ret)
        return RunResult(ret, out, err, instant.elapsed().seconds)

    def _dump_lines(self, lines, fp):
        try:
            for line in lines:
                print(line, file=fp)
        except UnicodeEncodeError:
            print(f"couldn't print to {fp} because of encoding")

    def _getpytestargs(self) -> tuple[str, ...]:
        return sys.executable, "-mpytest"

    def runpython(self, script: os.PathLike[str]) -> RunResult:
        """Run a python script using sys.executable as interpreter."""
        return self.run(sys.executable, script)

    def runpython_c(self, command: str) -> RunResult:
        """Run ``python -c "command"``."""
        return self.run(sys.executable, "-c", command)

    def runpytest_subprocess(
        self, *args: str | os.PathLike[str], timeout: float | None = None
    ) -> RunResult:
        """Run pytest as a subprocess with given arguments.

        Any plugins added to the :py:attr:`plugins` list will be added using the
        ``-p`` command line option.  Additionally ``--basetemp`` is used to put
        any temporary files and directories in a numbered directory prefixed
        with "runpytest-" to not conflict with the normal numbered pytest
        location for temporary files and directories.

        :param args:
            The sequence of arguments to pass to the pytest subprocess.
        :param timeout:
            The period in seconds after which to timeout and raise
            :py:class:`Pytester.TimeoutExpired`.
        :returns:
            The result.
        """
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        p = make_numbered_dir(root=self.path, prefix="runpytest-", mode=0o700)
        args = (f"--basetemp={p}", *args)
        for plugin in self.plugins:
            if not isinstance(plugin, str):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Specifying plugins as objects is not supported in pytester subprocess mode; "
                    f"specify by name instead: {plugin}"
                )
            args = ("-p", plugin, *args)
        args = self._getpytestargs() + args
        return self.run(*args, timeout=timeout)

    def spawn_pytest(self, string: str, expect_timeout: float = 10.0) -> pexpect.spawn:
        """Run pytest using pexpect.

        This makes sure to use the right pytest and sets up the temporary
        directory locations.

        The pexpect child is returned.
        """
        basetemp = self.path / "temp-pexpect"
        basetemp.mkdir(mode=0o700)
        invoke = " ".join(map(str, self._getpytestargs()))
        cmd = f"{invoke} --basetemp={basetemp} {string}"
        return self.spawn(cmd, expect_timeout=expect_timeout)

    def spawn(self, cmd: str, expect_timeout: float = 10.0) -> pexpect.spawn:
        """Run a command using pexpect.

        The pexpect child is returned.
        """
        pexpect = importorskip("pexpect", "3.0")
        if hasattr(sys, "pypy_version_info") and "64" in platform.machine():
            skip("pypy-64 bit not supported")
        if not hasattr(pexpect, "spawn"):
            skip("pexpect.spawn not available")
        logfile = self.path.joinpath("spawn.out").open("wb")

        child = pexpect.spawn(cmd, logfile=logfile, timeout=expect_timeout)
        self._request.addfinalizer(logfile.close)
        return child


class LineComp:
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.stringio = StringIO()
        """:class:`python:io.StringIO()` instance used for input."""

    def assert_contains_lines(self, lines2: Sequence[str]) -> None:
        """Assert that ``lines2`` are contained (linearly) in :attr:`stringio`'s value.

        Lines are matched using :func:`LineMatcher.fnmatch_lines <pytest.LineMatcher.fnmatch_lines>`.
        """
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        val = self.stringio.getvalue()
        self.stringio.truncate(0)
        self.stringio.seek(0)
        lines1 = val.split("\n")
        LineMatcher(lines1).fnmatch_lines(lines2)


class LineMatcher:
    """Flexible matching of text.

    This is a convenience class to test large texts like the output of
    commands.

    The constructor takes a list of lines without their trailing newlines, i.e.
    ``text.splitlines()``.
    """

    def __init__(self, lines: list[str]) -> None:
        self.lines = lines
        self._log_output: list[str] = []

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        """Return the entire original text.

        .. versionadded:: 6.2
            You can use :meth:`str` in older versions.
        """
        return "\n".join(self.lines)

    def _getlines(self, lines2: str | Sequence[str] | Source) -> Sequence[str]:
        if isinstance(lines2, str):
            lines2 = Source(lines2)
        if isinstance(lines2, Source):
            lines2 = lines2.strip().lines
        return lines2

    def fnmatch_lines_random(self, lines2: Sequence[str]) -> None:
        """Check lines exist in the output in any order (using :func:`python:fnmatch.fnmatch`)."""
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        self._match_lines_random(lines2, fnmatch)

    def re_match_lines_random(self, lines2: Sequence[str]) -> None:
        """Check lines exist in the output in any order (using :func:`python:re.match`)."""
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        self._match_lines_random(lines2, lambda name, pat: bool(re.match(pat, name)))

    def _match_lines_random(
        self, lines2: Sequence[str], match_func: Callable[[str, str], bool]
    ) -> None:
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        lines2 = self._getlines(lines2)
        for line in lines2:
            for x in self.lines:
                if line == x or match_func(x, line):
                    self._log("matched: ", repr(line))
                    break
            else:
                msg = f"line {line!r} not found in output"
                self._log(msg)
                self._fail(msg)

    def get_lines_after(self, fnline: str) -> Sequence[str]:
        """Return all lines following the given line in the text.

        The given line can contain glob wildcards.
        """
        for i, line in enumerate(self.lines):
            if fnline == line or fnmatch(line, fnline):
                return self.lines[i + 1 :]
        raise ValueError(f"line {fnline!r} not found in output")

    def _log(self, *args) -> None:
        self._log_output.append(" ".join(str(x) for x in args))

    @property
    def _log_text(self) -> str:
        return "\n".join(self._log_output)

    def fnmatch_lines(
        self, lines2: Sequence[str], *, consecutive: bool = False
    ) -> None:
        """Check lines exist in the output (using :func:`python:fnmatch.fnmatch`).

        The argument is a list of lines which have to match and can use glob
        wildcards.  If they do not match a pytest.fail() is called.  The
        matches and non-matches are also shown as part of the error message.

        :param lines2: String patterns to match.
        :param consecutive: Match lines consecutively?
        """
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        self._match_lines(lines2, fnmatch, "fnmatch", consecutive=consecutive)

    def re_match_lines(
        self, lines2: Sequence[str], *, consecutive: bool = False
    ) -> None:
        """Check lines exist in the output (using :func:`python:re.match`).

        The argument is a list of lines which have to match using ``re.match``.
        If they do not match a pytest.fail() is called.

        The matches and non-matches are also shown as part of the error message.

        :param lines2: string patterns to match.
        :param consecutive: match lines consecutively?
        """
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        self._match_lines(
            lines2,
            lambda name, pat: bool(re.match(pat, name)),
            "re.match",
            consecutive=consecutive,
        )

    def _match_lines(
        self,
        lines2: Sequence[str],
        match_func: Callable[[str, str], bool],
        match_nickname: str,
        *,
        consecutive: bool = False,
    ) -> None:
        """Underlying implementation of ``fnmatch_lines`` and ``re_match_lines``.

        :param Sequence[str] lines2:
            List of string patterns to match. The actual format depends on
            ``match_func``.
        :param match_func:
            A callable ``match_func(line, pattern)`` where line is the
            captured line from stdout/stderr and pattern is the matching
            pattern.
        :param str match_nickname:
            The nickname for the match function that will be logged to stdout
            when a match occurs.
        :param consecutive:
            Match lines consecutively?
        """
        if not isinstance(lines2, collections.abc.Sequence):
            raise TypeError(f"invalid type for lines2: {type(lines2).__name__}")
        lines2 = self._getlines(lines2)
        lines1 = self.lines[:]
        extralines = []
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        wnick = len(match_nickname) + 1
        started = False
        for line in lines2:
            nomatchprinted = False
            while lines1:
                nextline = lines1.pop(0)
                if line == nextline:
                    self._log("exact match:", repr(line))
                    started = True
                    break
                elif match_func(nextline, line):
                    self._log(f"{match_nickname}:", repr(line))
                    self._log(
                        "{:>{width}}".format("with:", width=wnick), repr(nextline)
                    )
                    started = True
                    break
                else:
                    if consecutive and started:
                        msg = f"no consecutive match: {line!r}"
                        self._log(msg)
                        self._log(
                            "{:>{width}}".format("with:", width=wnick), repr(nextline)
                        )
                        self._fail(msg)
                    if not nomatchprinted:
                        self._log(
                            "{:>{width}}".format("nomatch:", width=wnick), repr(line)
                        )
                        nomatchprinted = True
                    self._log("{:>{width}}".format("and:", width=wnick), repr(nextline))
                extralines.append(nextline)
            else:
                msg = f"remains unmatched: {line!r}"
                self._log(msg)
                self._fail(msg)
        self._log_output = []

    def no_fnmatch_line(self, pat: str) -> None:
        """Ensure captured lines do not match the given pattern, using ``fnmatch.fnmatch``.

        :param str pat: The pattern to match lines.
        """
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        self._no_match_line(pat, fnmatch, "fnmatch")

    def no_re_match_line(self, pat: str) -> None:
        """Ensure captured lines do not match the given pattern, using ``re.match``.

        :param str pat: The regular expression to match lines.
        """
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        self._no_match_line(
            pat, lambda name, pat: bool(re.match(pat, name)), "re.match"
        )

    def _no_match_line(
        self, pat: str, match_func: Callable[[str, str], bool], match_nickname: str
    ) -> None:
        """Underlying implementation of ``no_fnmatch_line`` and ``no_re_match_line``.

        :param str pat:
            The pattern to match lines.
        :param match_func:
            A callable ``match_func(line, pattern)`` where line is the
            captured line from stdout/stderr and pattern is the matching
            pattern.
        :param match_nickname:
            The nickname for the match function that will be logged to stdout
            when a match occurs.
        """
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        nomatch_printed = False
        wnick = len(match_nickname) + 1
        for line in self.lines:
            if match_func(line, pat):
                msg = f"{match_nickname}: {pat!r}"
                self._log(msg)
                self._log("{:>{width}}".format("with:", width=wnick), repr(line))
                self._fail(msg)
            else:
                if not nomatch_printed:
                    self._log("{:>{width}}".format("nomatch:", width=wnick), repr(pat))
                    nomatch_printed = True
                self._log("{:>{width}}".format("and:", width=wnick), repr(line))
        self._log_output = []

    def _fail(self, msg: str) -> None:
        __tracebackhide__ = True
        log_text = self._log_text
        self._log_output = []
        fail(log_text)

    def str(self) -> str:
        """Return the entire original text."""
        return str(self)