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NEWS
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Niels Möller
Initial NEWS entries for Nettle-4.1.
08 май 2026, 16:29
08 май 2026, 16:29
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NEWS for the Nettle 4.1 release Bug fixes: * Fix type truncation and arithmetic overflow issues in the sexp parser. Reported by Sebastián Alba Vives. * Use const for the seed input argument to drbg_ctr_aes256_init. New features: * Support for the Streamlined NTRU Prime key encapsulation mechanism, sntrup761. See the Nettle manual for details. NEWS for the Nettle 4.0 release This is a new major release. It includes one new feature, support for SLH-DSA. There are several changes to Nettle's API, as well as deletion of obsolete features. There are also several improvements to the ABI that leaves the API mostly unchanged, in particular, smaller context structs for several algorithms. The most disruptive API change is that the *_digest functions no longer takes the desired digest size as argument. Truncated hashes appeared to be an important use case decades ago when the previous interface was designed, but that is now rather obscure. Feedback on the new interfaces is appreciated, e.g., if the variable tag length for OCB and CCM should be supported differently, if additional types would benefit from larger alignment, or if there are remaining interface bugs or inconsistencies. Smaller additional API or ABI changes may be considered for the next release, Nettle-4.1, but after that, the intention is that both ABI and API should stay backwards compatible for a longer time. The shared library names are libnettle.so.9.0 and libhogweed.so.7.0, with new sonames libnettle.so.9 and libhogweed.so.7. Interface changes: * The _digest functions for hash algorithms, MACs and AEADs no longer take the desired digest size as argument, instead, they always produce the full-size digest. The typedef nettle_hash_digest_func has also been changed accordingly. There are two exceptions: CCM and OCB. These AEAD algorithms are specified with a variable tag length, which is not a mere truncation of the output. Their _digest functions (ccm_digest, ocb_digest, ccm_ae128_digest, ...) also have their length argument deleted, but they still produce a variable size digest. The number of octets to write (at most 16) is stored into the context struct by the corresponding _set_nonce function. * The functions to process complete messages using CCM AES now take a const cipher context as the first argument, e.g, first argument to ccm_aes128_encrypt_message is now a const struct aes128_ctx *. It used to be a struct ccm_aes128_ctx *, where everything but the underlying cipher context was ignored. * The SHA3 functions now use the same struct sha3_ctx for all flavors, and the same function sha3_init. Old names, e.g., sha3_256_ctx and sha3_256_init, are defined as preprocessor aliases, for backwards compatibility. * The dst_length argument to base16_decode_update and base64_decode_update is now both an input and output argument. On input it must now hold the size of the destination buffer, and decoding fails if that is not sufficient. Previously, dst_length was an output only, and it was required that the destination buffer was large enough for any input of the given src_length. Interface deletions: * Deleted the old struct aes_ctx, and all functions operating on it. Use the fixed key size interfaces instead, e.g., struct aes256_ctx, introduced in Nettle-3.0. * Deleted dsa-compat.h, and everything declared therein. Use the interface in dsa.h, introduced in Nettle-3.0. * Deleted old header sha.h. Use sha1.h or sha2.h instead, as appropriate. * Deleted the general HMAC interface, with functions like hmac_set_key that work with an arbitrary underlying hash function. Use the specific hmac functions instead, e.g., hmac_sha256_set_key, or the mac abstraction defined in nettle-meta.h, e.g, the nettle_hmac_sha256 instance. * Deleted the undocumented struct nettle_armor abstraction. * Deleted the undocumented function base64_encode_group. * Deleted md5-compat.h, and everything declared therein. Use the interface in md5.h instead (or even better, stop using md5). * Deleted pgp.h, and everything declared therein. This attempt to support openpgp formats was incomplete, undocumented, and mostly obsolete. * Delete all the *_DATA_SIZE compatibility aliases. Use corresponding *_BLOCK_SIZE constants instead, introduced in Nettle-3.0. * Deleted the obsolete functions _rsa_blind and _rsa_unblind. (Current RSA blinding in Nettle uses internal functions with a different interface). * Delete compatibility aliases salsa20_set_iv, SALSA20_IV_SIZE. These were renamed to salsa20_set_nonce and SALSA20_NONCE_SIZE in Nettle-3.0. * Deleted compatibility aliases _nettle_md5_compress, _nettle_sha1_compress. These internal functions were promoted to documented and supported functions in Nettle-3.9, with new names md5_compress and sha1_compress. * Deleted compatibility alias yarrow_force_reseed. Renamed to yarrow_slow_reseed in Nettle-2.0. ABI changes and improvements. * Introduce 16-byte alignment on certain types. Applied to union nettle_block16, and subkey arrays of AES and UMAC. This is intended to improve performance for SIMD load and store instructions, which on some platforms may be faster with proper alignment. The larger alignment is enabled only for platforms where the alignment of the uint64_t type is 8. * Size of struct gcm_key is reduced from 4096 bytes to 2048. * Size of the new sha3_ctx is considerable smaller, 216 bytes, than the previous types that included a buffer for a complete block. E.g., the largest one, for sha3_128_ctx (shake128), used to be 376 bytes. * Size of HMAC contexts have been reduced, by not including multiple block buffers. E.g, size of struct hmac_sha256_ctx reduced from 336 bytes to 192. This change has been discussed for a long time, with first attempt made by Dmitry Baryshkov years ago, but delayed, since it implies an ABI break. * For OCB block counters, use type uint32_t for blocks of associated data, and uint64_t for message blocks, instead of size_t. This makes the implementation limits the same for 32-bit and 64-bit platforms. Bug fixes: * Fix off-by-one bug in sexp parser, which could result in a one byte overread on invalid input. Also fix excessive recursion and stack usage for some inputs. Both problems reported via oss-fuzz. * Fix ed448_shake256_verify to check that the final signature octet is zero (previous versions completely ignored this somewhat redundant octet). Reported by Oren Yomtov. New features: * Support for SLH-DSA signatures (stateless hash-based digital signature algorithm). See the Nettle manual for details. * New public function drbg_ctr_aes256_update, to enable FIPS-compliant reseeding. Contributed by Daiki Ueno. Configure and build changes: * Support for at least C99 is required when building Nettle. In addition, support for alignof and alignas is required; these are part of C11, but intention is that this is the only required C11 feature. * The unusual configure options --with-lib-path and --with-include-path has been deleted. Use CFLAGS and LDFLAGS instead. This implies that Nettle's configure script no longer attempts to add rpath-related linker flags automagically; if any are needed, they must be passed in LDFLAGS. * The logic to sometimes change the default libdir has been deleted. Previously, configure tried to be helpful and change the default, e.g., to ${exec_prefix}/lib32 when you build 32-bit libraries on a system where ${exec_prefix}/lib is for 64-bit libraries. If you relied on this behavior, you now have to use the --libdir configure option. * Rearranged getopt files, now based on gnulib copies. NEWS for the Nettle 3.10.2 release This is a maintenance release, with only a few bugfixes and portability improvements. The new version is intended to be fully source and binary compatible with Nettle-3.6. The shared library names are libnettle.so.8.11 and libhogweed.so.6.11, with sonames libnettle.so.8 and libhogweed.so.6. Bug fixes: * Fix missing prototypes in getopt.h and getopt.c, affecting non-glibc systems, and causing compile errors with C23 compilers that require prototypes, e.g., gcc-15. * For powerpc64, avoid using v9 (ISA v3.0) instructions lxvb16x, lxv and stxv in powerpc64/p8/ files. * For powerpc64, add configure check for __VSX__, and disable use of assembly if not defined. Nettle's powerpc64 assembly requires at least v7 (ISA v2.06). NEWS for the Nettle 3.10.1 release This is a maintenance release, with only a few bugfixes and portability improvements. The new version is intended to be fully source and binary compatible with Nettle-3.6. The shared library names are libnettle.so.8.10 and libhogweed.so.6.10, with sonames libnettle.so.8 and libhogweed.so.6. Bug fixes: * Fix buffer overread in the new sha256 assembly for powerpc64, as well as a stack alignment issue. * Added missing nettle_mac structs for hmac-gosthash. * Fix configure test for valgrind, to not attempt to run valgrind on executables built using memory sanitizers. Optimizations: * Improved runtime detection of cpu features for OpenBSD and FreeBSD, using elf_aux_info when available. This also adds runtime detection for FreeBSD on arm64. Contributed by Brad Smith. NEWS for the Nettle 3.10 release This is a maintenance release, including a few each of bug fixes, new features and optimizations. The new version is intended to be fully source and binary compatible with Nettle-3.6. The shared library names are libnettle.so.8.9 and libhogweed.so.6.9, with sonames libnettle.so.8 and libhogweed.so.6. Bug fixes: * Add missing hash functions sha512_224 and sha512_256 to the nettle_get_hashes() list. The name values in the corresponding nettle_hash structs also changed to use underscore instead of dash, for consistency. * Fix a few cases of formally undefined calls to memcpy(dst, NULL, 0), resulting from valid calls to, e.g., sha256_update(ctx, 0, NULL). New features: * Support RSA-OAEP encryption. Contributed by Nicolas Mora and Daiki Ueno. * New function sha3_256_shake_output, new functions sha3_128_init, sha3_128_update, sha3_128_shake, sha3_128_shake_output. Contributed by Daiki Ueno. * Added DRBG-CTR with AES256, contributed by Simon Josefsson. Optimizations: * New combined gcm-aes assembly for powerpc64, contributed by Danny Tsen. * New sha256 assembly for powerpc64, contributed by Eric Richter. * Improved performance for powerpc64 AES decrypt, by skipping subkey transformations that don't suit the vncipher instructions. * Add arm64 CPU feature detection for Android and for Apple systems, contributed by Foolbar and Tim Kosse, respectively. Miscellaneous: * New tests for side-channel silence, based on valgrind. * Delete all md5 assembly code. Delete all sparc32 assembly code. NEWS for the Nettle 3.9.1 release This is a bugfix release, fixing a few bugs reported for Nettle-3.9. The bug in the new OCB code may be exploitable for denial of service or worse, since triggering it leads to memory corruption. Upgrading from Nettle-3.9 to the new version is strongly recommended. The new version is intended to be fully source and binary compatible with Nettle-3.6. The shared library names are libnettle.so.8.8 and libhogweed.so.6.8, with sonames libnettle.so.8 and libhogweed.so.6. Bug fixes: * Fix OCB loop for processing messages of size 272 bytes or larger. Reported and fixed by Jussi Kivilinna. * Fix alignment bug in the new x86_64 non-pclmul assembly implementation of ghash. Reported by Henrik Grubbström. * Fix build-time memory leak in eccdata. Reported by Noah Watkins. NEWS for the Nettle 3.9 release This release includes bug fixes, several new features, a few performance improvements, and one performance regression affecting GCM on certain platforms. The new version is intended to be fully source and binary compatible with Nettle-3.6. The shared library names are libnettle.so.8.7 and libhogweed.so.6.7, with sonames libnettle.so.8 and libhogweed.so.6. This release includes a rewrite of the C implementation of GHASH (dating from 2011), as well as the plain x86_64 assembly version, to use precomputed tables in a different way, with tables always accessed in the same sequential manner. This should make Nettle's GHASH implementation side-channel silent on all platforms, but considerably slower on platforms without carry-less mul instructions. E.g., benchmarks of the C implementation on x86_64 showed a slowdown of 3 times. Bug fixes: * Fix bug in ecdsa and gostdsa signature verify operation, for the unlikely corner case that point addition really is point duplication. * Fix for chacha on Power7, nettle's assembly used an instruction only available on later processors. Fixed by Mamone Tarsha. * GHASH implementation should now be side-channel silent on all architectures. * A few portability fixes for *BSD. New features: * Support for the SM4 block cipher, contributed by Tianjia Zhang. * Support for the Balloon password hash, contributed by Zoltan Fridrich. * Support for SIV-GCM authenticated encryption mode, contributed by Daiki Ueno. * Support for OCB authenticated encryption mode. * New exported functions md5_compress, sha1_compress, sha256_compress, sha512_compress, based on patches from Corentin Labbe. Optimizations: * Improved sha256 performance, in particular for x86_64 and s390x. * Use GMP's mpn_sec_tabselect, which is implemented in assembly on many platforms, and delete the similar nettle function. Gives a modest speedup to all ecc operations. * Faster poly1305 for x86_64 and ppc64. New ppc code contributed by Mamone Tarsha. Miscellaneous: * New ASM_FLAGS variable recognized by configure. * Delete all arcfour assembly code. Affects 32-bit x86, 32-bit and 64-bit sparc. Known issues: * Version 6.2.1 of GNU GMP (the most recent GMP release as of this writing) has a known issue for MacOS on 64-bit ARM: GMP assembly files use the reserved x18 register. On this platform it is recommended to use a GMP snapshot where this bug is fixed, and upgrade to a later GMP release when one becomes available. * Also on MacOS, Nettle's testsuite may still break due to DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH being discarded under some circumstances. As a workaround, use make check EMULATOR='env DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(TEST_SHLIB_DIR)' NEWS for the Nettle 3.8.1 release This is a bugfix release, fixing a few portability issues reported for Nettle-3.8. Bug fixes: * Avoid non-posix m4 argument references in the chacha implementation for arm64, powerpc64 and s390x. Reported by Christian Weisgerber, fix contributed by Mamone Tarsha. * Use explicit .machine pseudo-ops where needed in s390x assembly files. Bug report by Andreas K. Huettel, fix contributed by Mamone Tarsha. Optimizations: * Implemented runtime detection of cpu features for OpenBSD on arm64. Contributed by Christian Weisgerber. The new version is intended to be fully source and binary compatible with Nettle-3.6. The shared library names are libnettle.so.8.6 and libhogweed.so.6.6, with sonames libnettle.so.8 and libhogweed.so.6. NEWS for the Nettle 3.8 release This release includes a couple of new features, and many performance improvements. It adds assembly code for two more architectures: ARM64 and S390x. The new version is intended to be fully source and binary compatible with Nettle-3.6. The shared library names are libnettle.so.8.5 and libhogweed.so.6.5, with sonames libnettle.so.8 and libhogweed.so.6. New features: * AES keywrap (RFC 3394), contributed by Nicolas Mora. * SM3 hash function, contributed by Tianjia Zhang. * New functions cbc_aes128_encrypt, cbc_aes192_encrypt, cbc_aes256_encrypt. On processors where AES is fast enough, e.g., x86_64 with aesni instructions, the overhead of using Nettle's general cbc_encrypt can be significant. The new functions can be implemented in assembly, to do multiple blocks with reduced per-block overhead. Note that there's no corresponding new decrypt functions, since the general cbc_decrypt doesn't suffer from the same performance problem. Bug fixes: * Fix fat builds for x86_64 windows, these appear to never have worked. Optimizations: * New ARM64 implementation of AES, GCM, Chacha, SHA1 and SHA256, for processors supporting crypto extensions. Great speedups, and fat builds are supported. Contributed by Mamone Tarsha. * New s390x implementation of AES, GCM, Chacha, memxor, SHA1, SHA256, SHA512 and SHA3. Great speedups, and fat builds are supported. Contributed by Mamone Tarsha. * New PPC64 assembly for ecc modulo/redc operations, contributed by Amitay Isaacs, Martin Schwenke and Alastair D´Silva. * The x86_64 AES implementation using aesni instructions has been reorganized with one separate function per key size, each interleaving the processing of two blocks at a time (when the caller processes multiple blocks with each call). This gives a modest performance improvement on some processors. * Rewritten and faster x86_64 poly1305 assembly. Known issues: * Nettle's testsuite doesn't work out-of-the-box on recent MacOS, due to /bin/sh discarding the DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable. Nettle's test scripts handle this in some cases, but currently fails the test cases that are themselves written as /bin/sh scripts. As a workaround, use make check EMULATOR='env DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(TEST_SHLIB_DIR)' Miscellaneous: * Updated manual to current makeinfo conventions, with no explicit node pointers. Generate pdf version with texi2pdf, to get working hyper links. * Added square root functions for NIST ecc curves, as a preparation for supporting compact point representation. * Reworked internal GCM/ghash interfaces, simplifying assembly implementations. Deleted unused GCM C implementation variants with less than 8-bit lookup table. NEWS for the Nettle 3.7.3 release This is bugfix release, fixing bugs that could make the RSA decryption functions crash on invalid inputs. Upgrading to the new version is strongly recommended. For applications that want to support older versions of Nettle, the bug can be worked around by adding a check that the RSA ciphertext is in the range 0 < ciphertext < n, before attempting to decrypt it. Thanks to Paul Schaub and Justus Winter for reporting these problems. The new version is intended to be fully source and binary compatible with Nettle-3.6. The shared library names are libnettle.so.8.4 and libhogweed.so.6.4, with sonames libnettle.so.8 and libhogweed.so.6. Bug fixes: * Fix crash for zero input to rsa_sec_decrypt and rsa_decrypt_tr. Potential denial of service vector. * Ensure that all of rsa_decrypt_tr and rsa_sec_decrypt return failure for out of range inputs, instead of either crashing, or silently reducing input modulo n. Potential denial of service vector. * Ensure that rsa_decrypt returns failure for out of range inputs, instead of silently reducing input modulo n. * Ensure that rsa_sec_decrypt returns failure if the message size is too large for the given key. Unlike the other bugs, this would typically be triggered by invalid local configuration, rather than by processing untrusted remote data. NEWS for the Nettle 3.7.2 release This is a bugfix release, fixing a bug in ECDSA signature verification that could lead to a denial of service attack (via an assertion failure) or possibly incorrect results. It also fixes a few related problems where scalars are required to be canonically reduced modulo the ECC group order, but in fact may be slightly larger. Upgrading to the new version is strongly recommended. Even when no assert is triggered in ecdsa_verify, ECC point multiplication may get invalid intermediate values as input, and produce incorrect results. It's trivial to construct alleged signatures that result in invalid intermediate values. It appears difficult to construct an alleged signature that makes the function misbehave in such a way that an invalid signature is accepted as valid, but such attacks can't be ruled out without further analysis. Thanks to Guido Vranken for setting up the fuzzer tests that uncovered this problem. The new version is intended to be fully source and binary compatible with Nettle-3.6. The shared library names are libnettle.so.8.3 and libhogweed.so.6.3, with sonames libnettle.so.8 and libhogweed.so.6. Bug fixes: * Fixed bug in ecdsa_verify, and added a corresponding test case. * Similar fixes to ecc_gostdsa_verify and gostdsa_vko. * Similar fixes to eddsa signatures. The problem is less severe for these curves, because (i) the potentially out or range value is derived from output of a hash function, making it harder for the attacker to to hit the narrow range of problematic values, and (ii) the ecc operations are inherently more robust, and my current understanding is that unless the corresponding assert is hit, the verify operation should complete with a correct result. * Fix to ecdsa_sign, which with a very low probability could return out of range signature values, which would be rejected immediately by a verifier. NEWS for the Nettle 3.7.1 release This is primarily a bug fix release, fixing a couple of problems found in Nettle-3.7. The new version is intended to be fully source and binary compatible with Nettle-3.6. The shared library names are libnettle.so.8.2 and libhogweed.so.6.2, with sonames libnettle.so.8 and libhogweed.so.6. Bug fixes: * Fix bug in chacha counter update logic. The problem affected ppc64 and ppc64el, with the new altivec assembly code enabled. Reported by Andreas Metzler, after breakage in GnuTLS tests on ppc64. * Support for big-endian ARM platforms has been restored. Fixes contributed by Michael Weiser. * Fix build problem on OpenBSD/powerpc64, reported by Jasper Lievisse Adriaanse. * Fix corner case bug in ECDSA verify, it would produce incorrect result in the unlikely case of an all-zero message hash. Reported by Guido Vranken. New features: * Support for pbkdf2_hmac_sha384 and pbkdf2_hmac_sha512, contributed by Nicolas Mora. Miscellaneous: * Poorly performing ARM Neon code for doing single-block Salsa20 and Chacha has been deleted. The code to do two or three blocks in parallel, introduced in Nettle-3.7, is unchanged. NEWS for the Nettle 3.7 release This release adds one new feature, the bcrypt password hashing function, and lots of optimizations. There's also one important change to how Nettle is configured: Fat builds are now on by default. The release adds PowerPC64 assembly for a few algorithms, resulting in great speedups. Benchmarked on a Power9 machine, speedup was 13 times for AES256-CTR and AES256-GCM, and 3.5 times for Chacha. For fat builds (now the default), the new code is used automatically, on processors supporting the needed instruction set extensions. The new version is intended to be fully source and binary compatible with Nettle-3.6. The shared library names are libnettle.so.8.1 and libhogweed.so.6.1, with sonames libnettle.so.8 and libhogweed.so.6. New features: * Support for bcrypt, contributed by Stephen R. van den Berg. Optimizations: * Much faster AES and GCM on PowerPC64 processors supporting the corresponding crypto extensions. Contributed by Mamone Tarsha. * Speed of Chacha improved on PowerPC64, x86_64 and ARM Neon. * Speed of Salsa20 improved on x86_64 and ARM Neon. * Overhaul of some elliptic curve primitives, improving ECDSA signature speed. Configure: * Fat builds are enabled by default on the architectures where it is supported (x86_64, arm and powerpc64). To disable runtime selection, and instead specify the processor flavor at configure time, you need to pass --disable-fat to the configure script. Known issues: * The ARM assembly code in this release doesn't work correctly on big-endian ARM systems. This will hopefully be fixed in a later release. Miscellaneous: * Use a few more gmp-6.1 functions: mpn_cnd_add_n, mpn_cnd_sub_n, mpn_cnd_swap. Delete corresponding internal Nettle functions. * Convert all assembly files to use the default m4 quote characters. NEWS for the Nettle 3.6 release This release adds a couple of new features, most notable being support for ED448 signatures. It is not binary compatible with earlier releases. The shared library names are libnettle.so.8.0 and libhogweed.so.6.0, with sonames libnettle.so.8 and libhogweed.so.6. The changed sonames are mainly to avoid upgrade problems with recent GnuTLS versions, that depend on Nettle internals outside of the advertised ABI. But also because of the removal of internal poly1305 functions which were undocumented but declared in an installed header file, see Interface changes below. New features: * Support for Curve448 and ED448 signatures. Contributed by Daiki Ueno. * Support for SHAKE256 (SHA3 variant with arbitrary output size). Contributed by Daiki Ueno. * Support for SIV-CMAC (Synthetic Initialization Vector) mode, contributed by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos. * Support for CMAC64, contributed by Dmitry Baryshkov. * Support for the "CryptoPro" variant of the GOST hash function, as gosthash94cp. Contributed by Dmitry Baryshkov. * Support for GOST DSA signatures, including GOST curves gc256b and gc512a. Contributed by Dmitry Baryshkov. * Support for Intel CET in x86 and x86_64 assembly files, if enabled via CFLAGS (gcc --fcf-protection=full). Contributed by H.J. Lu and Simo Sorce. * A few new functions to improve support for the Chacha variant with 96-bit nonce and 32-bit block counter (the existing functions use nonce and counter of 64-bit each), and functions to set the counter. Contributed by Daiki Ueno. * New interface, struct nettle_mac, for MAC (message authentication code) algorithms. This abstraction is only for MACs that don't require a per-message nonce. For HMAC, the key size is fixed, and equal the digest size of the underlying hash function. Bug fixes: * Fix bug in cfb8_decrypt. Previously, the IV was not updated correctly in the case of input data shorter than the block size. Reported by Stephan Mueller, fixed by Daiki Ueno. * Fix configure check for __builtin_bswap64, the incorrect check would result in link errors on platforms missing this function. Patch contributed by George Koehler. * All use of old-fashioned suffix rules in the Makefiles have been replaced with %-pattern rules. Nettle's use of suffix rules in earlier versions depended on undocumented GNU make behavior, which is being deprecated in GNU make 4.3. Building with other make programs than GNU make is untested and unsupported. (Building with BSD make or Solaris make used to work years ago, but has not been tested recently). Interface changes: * Declarations of internal poly1305.h functions have been removed from the header file poly1305.h, to make it clear that they are not part of the advertised API or ABI. Miscellaneous: * Building the public key support of nettle now requires GMP version 6.1.0 or later (unless --enable-mini-gmp is used). * A fair amount of changes to ECC internals, with a few deleted and a few new fields in the internal struct ecc_curve. Files and functions have been renamed to more consistently match the curve name, e.g., ecc-256.c has been renamed to ecc-secp256r1.c. * Documentation for chacha-poly1305 updated. It is no longer experimental. The implementation was updated to follow RFC 8439 in Nettle-3.1, but that was not documented or announced at the time. NEWS for the Nettle 3.5.1 release The Nettle-3.5.1 corrects a packaging mistake in Nettle-3.5. The new directory x86_64/sha_ni were missing in the tar file, breaking x86_64 builds with --enable-fat, and producing worse performance than promised for builds with --enable-x86-sha-ni. Also a few unused in-progress assembly files were accidentally included in the tar file. These problems are corrected in Nettle-3.5.1. There are no other changes, and also the library version numbers are unchanged. NEWS for the Nettle 3.5 release This release adds a couple of new features and optimizations, and deletes or deprecates a few obsolete features. It is *not* binary (ABI) compatible with earlier versions. Except for deprecations listed below, it is intended to be fully source-level (API) compatible with Nettle-3.4.1. The shared library names are libnettle.so.7.0 and libhogweed.so.5.0, with sonames libnettle.so.7 and libhogweed.so.5. Changes in behavior: * Nettle's gcm_crypt will now call the underlying block cipher to process more than one block at a time. This is not a change to the documented behavior, but unfortunately breaks assumptions accidentally made in GnuTLS, up to and including version 3.6.1. New features: * Support for CFB8 (Cipher Feedback Mode, processing a single octet per block cipher operation), contributed by Dmitry Eremin-Solenikov. * Support for CMAC (RFC 4493), contributed by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos. * Support for XTS mode, contributed by Simo Sorce. Optimizations: * Improved performance of the x86_64 AES implementation using the aesni instructions. Gives a large speedup for operations processing multiple blocks at a time (including CTR mode, GCM mode, and CBC decrypt, but *not* CBC encrypt). * Improved performance for CTR mode, for the common case of 16-byte block size. Pass more data at a time to underlying block cipher, and fill the counter blocks more efficiently. Extension to also handle GCM mode efficiently contributed by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos. * New x86_64 implementation of sha1 and sha256, for processors supporting the sha_ni instructions. Speedup of 3-5 times on affected processors. * Improved parameters for the precomputation of tables used for ecc signatures. Roughly 10%-15% speedup of the ecdsa sign operation using the secp_256r1, secp_384r1 and secp_521r1 curves, and 25% speedup of ed25519 sign operation, benchmarked on x86_64. Table sizes unchanged, around 16 KB per curve. * In ARM fat builds, automatically select Neon implementation of Chacha, where possible. Contributed by Yuriy M. Kaminskiy. Deleted features: * The header file des-compat.h and everything declared therein has been deleted, as announced earlier. This file provided a subset of the old libdes/ssleay/openssl interface for DES and triple-DES. DES is still supported, via the functions declared in des.h. * Functions using the old struct aes_ctx have been marked as deprecated. Use the fixed key size interface instead, e.g., struct aes256_ctx, introduced in Nettle-3.0. * The header file nettle-stdint.h, and corresponding autoconf tests, have been deleted. Nettle now requires that the compiler/libc provides <stdint.h>. Miscellaneous: * Support for big-endian ARM systems, contributed by Michael Weiser. * The programs aesdata, desdata, twofishdata, shadata and gcmdata are no longer built by default. Makefile improvements contributed by Jay Foad. * The "example" program examples/eratosthenes.c has been deleted. * The contents of hash context structs, and the deprecated aes_ctx struct, have been reorganized, to enable later optimizations. The shared library names are libnettle.so.7.0 and libhogweed.so.5.0. NEWS for the Nettle 3.4.1 release This release fixes a few bugs, and makes the RSA private key operations side channel silent. The RSA improvements are contributed by Simo Sorce and Red Hat, and include one new public function, rsa_sec_decrypt, see below. All functions using RSA private keys are now side-channel silent, meaning that they try hard to avoid any branches or memory accesses depending on secret data. This applies both to the bignum calculations, which now use GMP's mpn_sec_* family of functions, and the processing of PKCS#1 padding needed for RSA decryption. Nettle's ECC functions were already side-channel silent, while the DSA functions still aren't. There's also one caveat regarding the improved RSA functions: due to small table lookups in relevant mpn_sec_* functions in GMP-6.1.2, the lowest and highest few bits of the secret factors p and q may still leak. I'm not aware of any attacks on RSA where knowing a few bits of the factors makes a significant difference. This leak will likely be plugged in later GMP versions. Changes in behavior: * The functions rsa_decrypt and rsa_decrypt_tr may now clobber all of the provided message buffer, independent of the actual message length. They are side-channel silent, in that branches and memory accesses don't depend on the validity or length of the message. Side-channel leakage from the caller's use of length and return value may still provide an oracle useable for a Bleichenbacher-style chosen ciphertext attack. Which is why the new function rsa_sec_decrypt is recommended. New features: * A new function rsa_sec_decrypt. It differs from rsa_decrypt_tr in that the length of the decrypted message is given a priori, and PKCS#1 padding indicating a different length is treated as an error. For applications that may be subject to chosen ciphertext attacks, it is recommended to initialize the message area with random data, call this function, and ignore the return value. This applies in particular to RSA-based key exchange in the TLS protocol. Bug fixes: * Fix bug in pkcs1-conv, missing break statements in the parsing of PEM input files. * Fix link error on the pss-mgf1-test test, affecting builds without public key support. Performance regression: * All RSA private key operations employing RSA blinding, i.e., rsa_decrypt_tr, rsa_*_sign_tr, the new rsa_sec_decrypt, and rsa_compute_root_tr, are significantly slower. This is because (i) RSA blinding now use side-channel silent operations, (ii) blinding includes a modular inversion, and (iii) side-channel silent modular inversion, implemented as mpn_sec_invert, is very expensive. A 60% slowdown for 2048-bit RSA keys have been measured. Miscellaneous: * Building the public key support of nettle now requires GMP version 6.0 or later (unless --enable-mini-gmp is used). The shared library names are libnettle.so.6.5 and libhogweed.so.4.5, with sonames still libnettle.so.6 and libhogweed.so.4. It is intended to be fully binary compatible with nettle-3.1. NEWS for the Nettle 3.4 release This release fixes bugs and adds a few new features. It also addresses an ABI compatibility issue affecting Nettle-3.1 and later, see below. Bug fixes: * Fixed an improper use of GMP mpn_mul, breaking curve2559 and eddsa on certain platforms. Reported by Sergei Trofimovich. * Fixed memory leak when handling invalid signatures in ecdsa_verify. Fix contributed by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos. * Fix compilation error with --enable-fat om ARM. Fix contributed by Andreas Schneider. * Reorganized the way certain data items are made available. Short version: Nettle header files now define the symbols nettle_hashes, nettle_ciphers, and nettle_aeads, as preprocessor macros invoking a corresponding accessor function. For backwards ABI compatibility, the symbols are still present in the compiled libraries, and with the same sizes as in nettle-3.3. New features: * Support for RSA-PSS signatures, contributed by Daiki Ueno. * Support for the HKDF key derivation function, defined by RFC 5869. Contributed by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos. * Support for the Cipher Feedback Mode (CFB), contributed by Dmitry Eremin-Solenikov. * New accessor functions: nettle_get_hashes, nettle_get_ciphers, nettle_get_aeads, nettle_get_secp_192r1, nettle_get_secp_224r1, nettle_get_secp_256r1, nettle_get_secp_384r1, nettle_get_secp_521r1. For source-level compatibility with future versions, applications are encouraged to migrate to using these functions instead of referring to the corresponding data items directly. Miscellaneous: * The base16 and base64 functions now use the type char * for ascii data, rather than uint8_t *. This eliminates the last pointer-signedness warnings when building Nettle. This is a minor API change, and applications may need to be adjusted, but the ABI is unaffected on all platforms I'm aware of. * The contents of the header file nettle/version.h is now architecture independent, except in --enable-mini-gmp configurations. ABI issue: Since the breakage was a bit subtle, let me document it here. The nettle and hogweed libraries export a couple of data symbols, and for some of these, the size was never intended to be part of the ABI. E.g., extern const struct nettle_hash * const nettle_hashes[]; which is an NULL-terminated array. It turns out the sizes nevertheless may leak into the ABI, and that increasing the sizes can break old executables linked with a newer version of the library. When linking a classic non-PIE executable with a shared library, we get ELF relocations of type R_X86_64_COPY for references to data items. These mean that the linker allocates space for the data item in the data segment of executable, at a fixed address determined at link-time, and with size extracted from the version of the .so-file seen when linking. At load time, the run time linker then copies the contents of the symbol from the .so file to that location, and uses the copy instead of the version loaded with the .so-file. And if the data item in the .so file used at load time is larger than the data item seen at link time, it is silently truncated in the process. So when SHA3 hashes were was added to the nettle_hashes array in the nettle-3.3 release, this way of linking produces a truncated array at load time, no longer NULL-terminated. We will get similar problems for planned extensions of the internal struct ecc_curve, and exported data items like extern const struct ecc_curve nettle_secp_256r1; where the ecc_curve struct is only forward declared in the public headers. To prepare, applications should migrate to using the new function nettle_get_secp_256r1, and similarly for the other curves. In some future version, the plan is to add a leading underscore to the name of the actual data items. E.g., nettle_hashes --> _nettle_hashes, breaking the ABI, while keeping the nettle_get_hashes function and the nettle_hashes macro as the supported ways to access it. We will also rename nettle_secp_256r1 --> _nettle_secp_256r1, breaking both ABI and API. Note that data items like nettle_sha256 are *not* affected, since the size and layout of this struct is considered part of the ABI, and R_X86_64_COPY-relocations then work fine. The shared library names are libnettle.so.6.4 and libhogweed.so.4.4, with sonames still libnettle.so.6 and libhogweed.so.4. It is intended to be fully binary compatible with nettle-3.1. NEWS for the Nettle 3.3 release This release fixes a couple of bugs, and improves resistance to side-channel attacks on RSA and DSA private key operations. Changes in behavior: * Invalid private RSA keys, with an even modulo, are now rejected by rsa_private_key_prepare. (Earlier versions allowed such keys, even if results of using them were bogus). Nettle applications are required to call rsa_private_key_prepare and check the return value, before using any other RSA private key functions; failing to do so may result in crashes for invalid private keys. As a workaround for versions of Gnutls which don't use rsa_private_key_prepare, additional checks for even moduli are added to the rsa_*_tr functions which are used by all recent versions of Gnutls. * Ignore bit 255 of the x coordinate of the input point to curve25519_mul, as required by RFC 7748. To differentiate at compile time, curve25519.h defines the constant NETTLE_CURVE25519_RFC7748. Security: * RSA and DSA now use side-channel silent modular exponentiation, to defend against attacks on the private key from evil processes sharing the same processor cache. This attack scenario is of particular relevance when running an HTTPS server on a virtual machine, where you don't know who you share the cache hardware with. (Private key operations on elliptic curves were already side-channel silent). Bug fixes: * Fix sexp-conv crashes on invalid input. Reported by Hanno Böck. * Fix out-of-bounds read in des_weak_p. Fixed by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos. * Fix a couple of formally undefined shift operations, reported by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos. * Fix compilation with c89. Reported by Henrik Grubbström. New features: * New function memeql_sec, for side-channel silent comparison of two memory areas. Miscellaneous: * Building the public key support of nettle now requires GMP version 5.0 or later (unless --enable-mini-gmp is used). * Filenames of windows DLL libraries now include major number only. So the dll names change at the same time as the corresponding soname on ELF platforms. Fixed by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos. * Eliminate most pointer-signedness warnings. In the process, the strings representing expression type for sexp_interator functions were changed from const uint8_t * to const char *. These functions are undocumented, and it doesn't change the ABI on any platform I'm aware of. The shared library names are libnettle.so.6.3 and libhogweed.so.4.3, with sonames still libnettle.so.6 and libhogweed.so.4. It is intended to be fully binary compatible with nettle-3.1. NEWS for the Nettle 3.2 release Bug fixes: * The SHA3 implementation is updated according to the FIPS 202 standard. It is not interoperable with earlier versions of Nettle. Thanks to Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos. To easily differentiate at compile time, sha3.h defines the constant NETTLE_SHA3_FIPS202. * Fix corner-case carry propagation bugs affecting elliptic curve operations on the curves secp_256r1 and secp_384r1 on certain platforms, including x86_64. Reported by Hanno Böck. New features: * New functions for RSA private key operations, identified by the "_tr" suffix, with better resistance to side channel attacks and to hardware or software failures which could break the CRT optimization. See the Nettle manual for details. Initial patch by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos. * New functions nettle_version_major, nettle_version_minor, as a run-time variant of the compile-time constants NETTLE_VERSION_MAJOR and NETTLE_VERSION_MINOR. Optimizations: * New ARM Neon implementation of the chacha stream cipher. Miscellaneous: * ABI detection on mips, with improved default libdir location. Contributed by Klaus Ziegler. * Fixes for ARM assembly syntax, to work better with the clang assembler. Thanks to Jukka Ukkonen. * Disabled use of ifunc relocations for fat builds, to fix problems most easily triggered by using dlopen RTLD_NOW. The shared library names are libnettle.so.6.2 and libhogweed.so.4.2, with sonames still libnettle.so.6 and libhogweed.so.4. It is intended to be fully binary compatible with nettle-3.1. NEWS for the Nettle 3.1.1 release This release fixes a couple of non-critical bugs. Bug fixes: * By accident, nettle-3.1 disabled the assembly code for the secp_224r1 and secp_521r1 elliptic curves on all x86_64 configurations, making signature operations on those curves 10%-30% slower. This code is now re-enabled. * The x86_64 assembly implementation of gcm hashing has been fixed to work with the Sun/Oracle assembler. The shared library names are libnettle.so.6.1 and libhogweed.so.4.1, with sonames still libnettle.so.6 and libhogweed.so.4. It is intended to be fully binary compatible with nettle-3.1. NEWS for the Nettle 3.1 release This release adds a couple of new features. The library is mostly source-level compatible with nettle-3.0. It is however not binary compatible, due to the introduction of versioned symbols, and extensions to the base64 context structs. The shared library names are libnettle.so.6.0 and libhogweed.so.4.0, with sonames libnettle.so.6 and libhogweed.so.4. Bug fixes: * Fixed a missing include of <limits.h>, which made the camellia implementation fail on all 64-bit non-x86 platforms. * Eliminate out-of-bounds reads in the C implementation of memxor (related to valgrind's --partial-loads-ok flag). Interface changes: * Declarations of many internal functions are moved from ecc.h to ecc-internal.h. The functions are undocumented, and luckily they're apparently also unused by applications, so I don't expect any problems from this change. New features: * Support for curve25519 and for EdDSA25519 signatures. * Support for "fat builds" on x86_64 and arm, where the implementation of certain functions is selected at run-time depending on available cpu features. Configure with --enable-fat to try this out. If it turns out to work well enough, it will likely be enabled by default in later releases. * Support for building the hogweed library (public key support) using "mini-gmp", a small but slower implementation of a subset of the GMP interfaces. Note that builds using mini-gmp are *not* binary compatible with regular builds, and more likely to leak side-channel information. One intended use-case is for small embedded applications which need to verify digital signatures. * The shared libraries are now built with versioned symbols. Should reduce problems in case a program links explicitly to nettle and/or hogweed, and to gnutls, and the program and gnutls expect different versions. * Support for "URL-safe" base64 encoding and decoding, as specified in RFC 4648. Contributed by Amos Jeffries. Optimizations: * New x86_64 implementation of AES, using the "aesni" instructions. Autodetected in fat builds. In non-fat builds, it has to be enabled explicitly with --enable-x86-aesni. Build system: * Use the same object files for both static and shared libraries. This eliminates the *.po object files which were confusing to some tools (as well as humans). Like before, PIC code is used by default; to build a non-pic static library, configure with --disable-pic --disable-shared. Miscellaneous: * Made type-checking hack in CBC_ENCRYPT and similar macros stricter, to generate warnings if they are used with functions which have a length argument smaller than size_t. NEWS for the Nettle 3.0 release This is a major release, including several interface changes, and new features, some of which are a bit experimental. Feedback is highly appreciated. It is *not* binary (ABI) compatible with earlier versions. It is mostly source-level (API) compatible, with a couple of incompatibilities noted below. The shared library names are libnettle.so.5.0 and libhogweed.so.3.0, with sonames libnettle.so.5 and libhogweed.so.3. There may be some problems in the new interfaces and new features which really need incompatible fixes. It is likely that there will be an update in the form of a 3.1 release in the not too distant future, with small but incompatible changes, and if that happens, bugfix-only releases 3.0.x are unlikely. Users and applications which desire better API and ABI stability are advised to stay with nettle-2.7.x (latest version is now 2.7.1) until the dust settles. Interface changes: * For the many _set_key functions, it is now consider the normal case to have a fixed key size, with no key_size arguments. _set_key functions with a length parameter are provided only for algorithms with a truly variable keysize, and where it makes sense for backwards compatibility. INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: cast128_set_key no longer accepts a key size argument. The old function is available under a new name, cast5_set_key. INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: The function typedef nettle_set_key_func no longer accepts a key size argument. In particular, this affects users of struct nettle_cipher. * The nettle_cipher abstraction (in nettle-meta.h) is restricted to block ciphers only. The encrypt and decrypt functions now take a const argument for the context. INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: nettle_arcfour, i.e., the nettle_cipher abstraction for the arcfour stream cipher, is deleted. INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: New type, nettle_cipher_func, for the encrypt and decrypt fields of struct nettle_cipher. * New DSA interface, with a separate struct dsa_param to represent the underlying group, and generalized dsa_sign and dsa_verify functions which don't care about the hash function used. Limited backwards compatibility provided in dsa-compat.h. INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: Declarations of the old interface, e.g., struct dsa_public_key, dsa_sha1_sign, etc, is moved to dsa-compat.h. INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: The various key conversion functions, e.g., dsa_keypair_to_sexp, all use the new DSA interface, with no backwards compatible functions. INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: dsa_generate_keypair also uses the new interface. dsa-compat.h declares a function dsa_compat_generate_keypair, implementing the old interface, and #defines dsa_generate_keypair to refer to this backwards compatible function. * New AES and Camellia interfaces. There are now separate context structs for each key size, e.g., aes128_ctx and camellia256_ctx, and corresponding new functions. The old interface, with struct aes_ctx and struct camellia_ctx, is kept for backwards compatibility, but might be removed in later versions. * The type of most length arguments is changed from unsigned to size_t. The memxor functions have their pointer arguments changed from uint8_t * to void *, for consistency with related libc functions. * For hash functions, the constants *_DATA_SIZE have been renamed to *_BLOCK_SIZE. Old names kept for backwards compatibility. Removed features: * The nettle_next_prime function has been deleted. Applications should use GMP's mpz_nextprime instead. * Deleted the RSAREF compatibility, including the header file rsa-compat.h and everything declared therein. * Also under consideration for removal is des-compat.h and everything declared therein. This implements a subset of the old libdes/ssleay/openssl interface for DES and triple-DES, and it is poorly tested. If anyone uses this interface, please speak up! Otherwise, it will likely be removed in the next release. Bug fixes: * Building with ./configure --disable-static now works. * Use GMP's allocation functions for temporary storage related to bignums, to avoid potentially large stack allocations. * Fixes for shared libraries on M$ Windows. New features: * Support for Poly1305-AES MAC. * Support for the ChaCha stream cipher and EXPERIMENTAL support for the ChaCha-Poly1305 AEAD mode. Specifications are still in flux, and future releases may do incompatible changes to track standardization. Currently uses 256-bit key and 64-bit nonce. * Support for EAX mode. * Support for CCM mode. Contributed by Owen Kirby. * Additional variants of SHA512 with output size of 224 and 256 bits. Contributed by Joachim Strömbergson. * New interface, struct nettle_aead, for mechanisms providing authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD). * DSA: Support a wider range for the size of q and a wider range for the digest size. Optimizations: * New x86_64 assembly for GCM and MD5. Modest speedups on the order of 10%-20%. Miscellaneous: * SHA3 is now documented as EXPERIMENTAL. Nettle currently implements SHA3 as specified at the time Keccak won the SHA3 competition. However, the final standard specified by NIST is likely to be incompatible, in which case future releases may do incompatible changes to track standardization. * The portability fix for the rotation macros, mentioned in NEWS for 2.7.1, actually didn't make it into that release. It is included now. * cast128_set_key rewritten for clarity, also eliminating a couple of compiler warnings. * New command line tool nettle-pbkdf2. NEWS for the 2.7.1 release This is a bugfix release. Bug fixes: * Fixed a bug in the new ECC code. The ecc_j_to_a function called GMP:s mpn_mul_n (via ecc_modp_mul) with overlapping input and output arguments, which is not supported. * The assembly files for SHA1, SHA256 and AES depend on ARMv6 instructions, breaking nettle-2.7 for pre-v6 ARM processors. The configure script now enables those assembly files only when building for ARMv6 or later. * Use a more portable C expression for rotations. The previous version used the following "standard" expression for 32-bit rotation: (x << n) | (x >> (32 - n)) But this gives undefined behavior (according to the C specification) for n = 0. The rotate expression is replaced by the more portable: (x << n) | (x >> ((-n)&31)) This change affects only CAST128, which uses non-constant rotation counts. Unfortunately, the new expression is poorly optimized by released versions of gcc, making CAST128 a bit slower. This is being fixed by the gcc hackers, see http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=57157. The following problems have been reported, but are *not* fixed in this release: * ARM assembly files use instruction syntax which is not supported by all assemblers. Workaround: Use a current version of GNU as, or configure with --disable-assembler. * Configuring with --disable-static doesn't work on windows. The libraries are intended to be binary compatible with nettle-2.2 and later. The shared library names are libnettle.so.4.7 and libhogweed.so.2.5, with sonames still libnettle.so.4 and libhogweed.so.2. NEWS for the 2.7 release This release includes an implementation of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and optimizations for the ARM architecture. This work was done at the offices of South Pole AB, and generously funded by the .SE Internet Fund. Bug fixes: * Fixed a bug in the buffer handling for incremental SHA3 hashing, with a possible buffer overflow. Patch by Edgar E. Iglesias. New features: * Support for ECDSA signatures. Elliptic curve operations over the following curves: secp192r1, secp224r1, secp256r1, secp384r1 and secp521r1, including x86_64 and ARM assembly for the most important primitives. * Support for UMAC, including x86_64 and ARM assembly. * Support for 12-round salsa20, "salsa20r12", as specified by eSTREAM. Contributed by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos. Optimizations: * ARM assembly code for several additional algorithms, including AES, Salsa20, and the SHA family of hash functions. * x86_64 assembly for SHA256, SHA512, and SHA3. (SHA3 assembly was included in the 2.6 release, but disabled due to poor performance on some AMD processors. Hopefully, that performance problem is fixed now). The ARM code was tested and benchmarked on Cortex-A9. Some of the functions use "neon" instructions. The configure script decides if neon instructions can be used, and the command line options --enable-arm-neon and --disable-arm-neon can be used to override its choice. Feedback appreciated. The libraries are intended to be binary compatible with nettle-2.2 and later. The shared library names are libnettle.so.4.6 and libhogweed.so.2.4, with sonames still libnettle.so.4 and libhogweed.so.2. NEWS for the 2.6 release Bug fixes: * Fixed a bug in ctr_crypt. For zero length (which should be a NOP), it sometimes incremented the counter. Reported by Tim Kosse. * Fixed a small memory leak in nettle_realloc and nettle_xrealloc. New features: * Support for PKCS #5 PBKDF2, to generate a key from a password or passphrase. Contributed by Simon Josefsson. Specification in RFC 2898 and test vectors in RFC 6070. * Support for SHA3. * Support for the GOST R 34.11-94 hash algorithm. Ported from librhash by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos. Written by Aleksey Kravchenko. More information in RFC4357. Test vectors taken from the GOST hash wikipedia page. Miscellaneous: * The include file <nettle/sha.h> has been split into <nettle/sha1.h> and <nettle/sha2.h>. For now, sha.h is kept for backwards compatibility and it simply includes both files, but applications are encouraged to use the new names. The new SHA3 functions are declared in <nettle/sha3.h>. * Testsuite can be run under valgrind, using make check EMULATOR='$(VALGRIND)' For this to work, test programs and other executables now deallocate storage. * New configure options --disable-documentation and --disable-static. Contributed by Sam Thursfield and Alon Bar-Lev, respectively. * The section on hash functions in the manual is split into separate nodes for recommended hash functions and legacy hash functions. * Various smaller improvements, most of them portability fixes. Credits go to David Woodhouse, Tim Rühsen, Martin Storsjö, Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos, Fredrik Thulin and Dennis Clarke. Finally, a note on the naming of the various "SHA" hash functions. Naming is a bit inconsistent; we have, e.g., SHA1: sha1_digest SHA2: sha256_digest (not sha2_256_digest) SHA3: sha3_256_digest Renaming the SHA2 functions to make Nettle's naming more consistent has been considered, but the current naming follows common usage. Most documents (including the specification for SHA2) refer to 256-bit SHA2 as "SHA-256" or "SHA256" rather than "SHA2-256". The libraries are intended to be binary compatible with nettle-2.2 and later. The shared library names are libnettle.so.4.5 and libhogweed.so.2.3, with sonames still libnettle.so.4 and libhogweed.so.2 NEWS for the 2.5 release This release includes important portability fixes for Windows and MacOS. There are also a few new features. First a *warning*: Some internal functions have been removed from the library. Since the functions in question are internal and not documented, this is not considered a change of ABI or API. Programs explicitly using any of these functions will break. * The function pkcs1_signature_prefix has been renamed to _pkcs1_signature_prefix, and with slightly different behavior. * The file nettle-internal.c is no longer included in the library (the features defined there are used by the benchmark and test programs, and were never intended for public use). New features: * Support for the salsa20 stream cipher, including x86_64 assembler. Originally contributed by Simon Josefsson, based on the reference implementation, then further optimized. * Tentative interface for timing-resistant RSA functions, contributed by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos. * A more general interface for PKCS#1 signatures, taking the input in the form of a "DigestInfo". Suggested by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos. Configuration: * Building of shared libraries (./configure --enable-shared) is now enabled by default. * Various portability fixes for MacOS and M$ Windows. A lot of this work done by Martin Storsjö. * In particular, Nettle now hopefully works on 64-bit Windows builds, "W64", including the x86_64 assembly code. Miscellaneous: * Documentation and example programs for the base16 and base64 functions. Was contributed by Jeronimo Pellegrini back in 2006, but unfortunately forgotten until now. * Use an additional table to avoid GF2^8 multiplications in aes_invert_key (mainly used by aes_set_decrypt_key). Also tabulate round constants in aes_set_encrypt_key. * The nettle repository has been migrated from cvs to git, with a public repository at http://git.lysator.liu.se/nettle. To make it independent of the LSH repository, a few files have been moved around. While at it, files have also been converted from latin-1 to utf-8. The libraries are intended to be binary compatible with nettle-2.2 and later. The shared library names are libnettle.so.4.4 and libhogweed.so.2.2, with sonames still libnettle.so.4 and libhogweed.so.2 NEWS for the 2.4 release This is a bugfix release only. It turned out ripemd160 in the 2.3 release was broken on all big-endian systems, due to a missing include of config.h. nettle-2.4 fixes this. The library is intended to be binary compatible with nettle-2.2 and nettle-2.3. The shared library names are libnettle.so.4.3 and libhogweed.so.2.1, with sonames still libnettle.so.4 and libhogweed.so.2. NEWS for the 2.3 release * Support for the ripemd-160 hash function. * Generates and installs nettle.pc and hogweed.pc files, for use with pkg-config. Feedback appreciated. For projects using autoconf, the traditional non-pkg-config ways of detecting libraries, and setting LIBS and LDFLAGS, is still recommended. * Fixed a bug which made the testsuite fail in the GCM test on certain platforms. Should not affect any documented features of the library. * Reorganization of the code for the various Merkle-Damgård hash functions. Some fields in the context structs for md4, md5 and sha1 have been renamed, for consistency. Applications should not peek inside these structs, and the ABI is unchanged. * In the manual, fixed mis-placed const in certain function prototypes. The library is intended to be binary compatible with nettle-2.2. The shared library names are libnettle.so.4.2 and libhogweed.so.2.1, with sonames still libnettle.so.4 and libhogweed.so.2. NEWS for the 2.2 release Licensing change: * Relicensed as LGPL v2.1 or later (user's option). * Replaced blowfish and serpent implementation. New code is based on the LGPLed code in libgcrypt. New features: * Support for Galois/Counter Mode (GCM). * New interface for enumerating (most) available algorithms, contributed by Daniel Kahn Gillmor. * New tool nettle-hash. Can generate hash digests using any supported hash function, with output compatible with md5sum and friends from GNU coreutils. Checking (like md5sum -c) not yet implemented. Bug fixes: * The old serpent code had a byte order bug (introduced by yours truly about ten years ago). New serpent implementation does not interoperate with earlier versions of nettle. * Fixed ABI-dependent libdir default for Linux-based systems which do not follow the Linux File Hierarchy Standard, e.g., Debian GNU/Linux. Optimizations: * x86_64 implemention of serpent. * x86_64 implemention of camellia. * Optimized memxor using word rather than byte operations. Both generic C and x86_64 assembler. * Eliminated a memcpy for in-place CBC decrypt. Miscellaneous: * In command line tools, no longer support -? for requesting help, since using it without shell quoting is a dangerous habit. Use long option --help instead. The shared library names are libnettle.so.4.1 and libhogweed.so.2.1, with sonames libnettle.so.4 and libhogweed.so.2. NEWS for the 2.1 release *Important*: this release breaks source and binary compatibility for the digital signature functions, and for the DES and BLOWFISH ciphers which have weak keys. Incompatible changes: * The functions rsa_md5_sign, rsa_sha1_sign and rsa_sha256_sign, and the corresponding _digest variants, now have a return value which callers should check. The functions return failure if the key is too small for the type of signature. * The functions dsa_sign and dsa_verify are renamed to dsa_sha1_sign and dsa_sha1_verify. The _-digest variants are renamed similarly. These functions now have a return value which callers should check, and they return failure if the number q is not of the appropriate size. * The return value from des_set_key, des3_set_key and blowfish_set_key now indicates whether or not the given key is weak. But in either case, the key setup is done, and applications that don't care about weak keys can ignore the return value. The incompatible part of this change is that enum des_error and enum blowfish_error has been deleted, and so has the status attribute in struct des_ctx, struct des3_ctx, and struct blowfish_ctx. The shared library names are libnettle.so.4.0 and libhogweed.so.2.0, with sonames libnettle.so.4 and libhogweed.so.2. Other changes: * Support for the Camellia block cipher, including an assembler implementation for x86_32. * New function aes_invert_key, useful for applications that need both encryption and decryption using the same AES key. * des_set_key and des3_set_key no longer check the key parity bits. Parity bits are silently ignored. A new function des_check_parity is provided, for applications that care about the DES parity bits. * Support for sha224, sha384 and sha512. * Support for digital signatures using rsa-sha512 and dsa-sha256. Due to lack of official test vectors and interop testing, this support should be considered somewhat experimental. * Key generation for RSA and DSA changed to use Maurer's algorithm to generate provably prime numbers (as usual, the mathematical proof does not guaranteee that the implementation is bug free). * x86_64 assembler implementation actually included in the distribution (was accidentally left out in nettle-2.0). * Configure script now detects if the compiler uses a 32-bit or 64-bit ABI on x86_64 (prevously did this for sparc only). Also sets the default location for installing libraries (libdir) depending on system type and the ABI used. * Added the nettle and gmp libraries as dependencies when linking shared library libhogweed.so. On systems using shared libraries where such dependencies work (in particular, ELF systems), it is sufficient to link applications with -lhogweed. For static linking -lhogweed -lnettle -lgmp is still required. * The program pkcs1-conv is extended to also handle dsa keys. Contributed by Magnus Holmgren. * Slightly improved sha1 performance on x86. NEWS for the 2.0 release This release breaks binary compatibility by splitting the library into two. Some other smaller changes that are not backwards compatible are also done at the same time. * The nettle library is split into two libraries, libnettle and libhogweed. libnettle contains the symmetric crypto algorithms that don't depend on GMP, while libhogweed contains the public key algorithms that depend on GMP. Using a single library worked fine with static linking, but not with dynamic linking. Consider an application that uses nettle and which doesn't use any public key cryptography. If this application is linked dynamically to nettle, it would have to be linked also with GMP if and only if public key support was enabled when the nettle library was installed. The library names are libnettle.so.3.0 and libhogweed.so.1.0, with sonames libnettle.so.3 and libhogweed.so.1. * Function typedefs have been changed to non-pointer types. E.g, the typedef void (nettle_hash_init_func *)(void *ctx); of previous versions is replaced by typedef void (nettle_hash_init_func)(void *ctx); This makes it possible to use the type when declaring functions, like nettle_hash_init_func foo_hash_init; void foo_hash_init(void *ctx) { ... } * Changes to the yarrow256 interface. The automatic seed file generation, and the seed_file member in struct yarrow256_ctx, has been removed. To generate a new seed file, use yarrow256_random. The function yarrow256_force_reseed has been replaced by the two functions yarrow256_fast_reseed and yarrow256_slow_reseed, which were previously static. This interface change makes it easier to mix in the current content of the seed file before overwriting it with newly generated data. Other changes: * Nettle manual now contributed to the public domain, to enable remixing into documentation of programs that use Nettle. * The sexp-conv program preserves comments when using the advanced syntax for output. Optionally locks the output file. * The base64 decoder recognizes ASCII FF (form feed) and VT (vertical tab) as white space. * New x86_64 implementations of AES and SHA1. On a 2.2 GHz opteron, SHA1 was benchmarked at 250 MByte/s, and AES-128 at 110 MByte/s. * Performance of AES increased by 20-30% on x86. * New programs in the examples directory: erathostenes and next-prime. NEWS for the 1.15 release Added support for PKCS#1 style RSA signatures using SHA256, according to RFC 3447. Currently lacks interoperability testing. Header files are now C++ aware, so C++ programs using Nettle should now use plain #include <nettle/foo.h> rather than #extern "C" { #include <nettle/foo.h> } as was the recommendation for the previous version. This breaks source-level compatibility with C++, even though there's full binary compatibility. The file rfc1750.txt (which is considered non-free by debian) has been removed from the distribution. The file was used as input for the Yarrow testcase, and has been replaced by the short story "The Gold-bug" by Edgar Allan Poe. Anyway, RFC 1750 is obsoleted by RFC 4086. Fixes for Darwin shared library support, contributed by Grant Robinsson. Example programs now use a supplied getopt.c. Configure tests for assemblers with a logarithmic .align directive. The library is intended to be upwards binary compatible with earlier versions. The library name is libnettle.so.2.6, soname is still libnettle.so.2. NEWS for the 1.14 release Experimental support for reading keys in PKCS#1 ASN1/DER format, and a new command line tool pkcs1-conv. Improved MD5 performance on x86. Fixed support for sparc64. Reorganized AES code. Better performance for all three implementations (C, x86 assembler, sparc assembler). New sparc assembler for arcfour. Compared to the code generated by gcc, the new code is about 25% faster on old sparcs, and 6 times faster on ultrasparc. Replaced the internal function nettle_mpz_from_octets with a call to mpz_import, if available in the installed GMP library. More Makefile fixes; it now seems to work to build with the the make programs on Solaris and FreeBSD (although --disable-dependency-tracking is required for the latter). The library is intended to be binary compatible with earlier versions. The library name is libnettle.so.2.5, soname is still libnettle.so.2. NEWS for the 1.13 release Fixed problem with broken m4 on bsd, which resulted in corrupted x86 assembler for sha1. Nettle probably works on windows: I've been able to cross compile it with ./configure --host=i586-mingw32msvc (without public-key support), and the testsuite binaries seem to run fine in Wine. Implemented CTR mode. Improved sha1 performance on x86. Configure check to figure out if symbols in assembler files need a leading underscore. Improved benchmark program. Displays cycles per byte and block, and compares with openssl (if openssl is installed). Terminating newline in output from sexp-conv --hash. The library is intended to be binary compatible with earlier versions. The library name is libnettle.so.2.4. However, the interface for the internal function _nettle_sha1_compress has changed; any program that calls this function directly will break. NEWS for the 1.12 release Fixed a bug in the configure script. Updated the description of aes_set_encrypt_key and aes_set_decrypt_key in the manual. NEWS for the 1.11 release Nettle no longer uses automake. Side effects: * Dependency tracking is enabled only for gcc-3 (help with supporting dependency tracking with other compilers is appreciated). * Makefile compatibility with make programs other than GNU make is mostly unknown, please report any problems. Support for arctwo. Fixes to the libdes compatibility code. Declarations should now match openssl/libdes better. des_cbc_cksum pads input with NUL's, if it's not an integral number of blocks (in general, such unreversible padding is a bad idea). By default, also the static library is compiled as position independent code. This is needed on some systems to make it possible to link nettle into a dynamically loaded module. Use the configure flag --disable-pic if this is not desired. Stricter constness typing for the sexp_iterator_assoc and sexp_iterator_check_types arguments. Minor tweaks of arcfour on x86 cpu:s, to speed it up on older x86 variants such as PII and PPro. The shared library is intended to be binary compatible with nettle-1.8 - nettle-1.10. Only the minor version number of the shared library is increased. The soname is still libnettle.so.2. NEWS for the 1.10 release Nettle should now compile also on Tru64, Darwin, FreeBSD and Windows. (The only tested windows build uses the rntcl rsh wrapper to run the command line M$ C compiler "cl". See http://pike.ida.liu.se for those tools, I don't know all details about the Pike team's windows setup). There are some known testsuite failures, on Windows and on one of the xenofarm HPUX machines, see http://www.lysator.liu.se/~nisse/xeno-lsh/latest.html. Help tracking these down is appreciated. There are no new features. This release is intended to be binary compatible with nettle-1.8 and nettle-1.9. NEWS for the 1.9 release Optimized C implementation of arcfour. Optimized x86 implementations of arcfour and sha1. Improved benchmark program. Fixed bug in the rsa-encrypt example program. Fixed bug in make install, some of the header files were forgotten. Portability fixes. Fixes to make Nettle compile on systems without gmp. This version has been tested on GNU/Linux, Solaris, HPUX and AIX. The shared library is intended to be binary compatible with nettle-1.8. Only the minor version number of the shared library is increased. NEWS for the 1.8 release New example programs, demonstrating encrypting and decrypting files using RSA, and random sessions keys for bulk encryption and message authentication. Support for systems that don't have alloca. On such systems, some of Nettle's functions have arbitrary limits applied to their input. Uses AX_CREATE_STDINT_H, to support systems without inttypes.h. Support for the md2 and md4 hash functions. New name mangling, to reduce the risk of link collisions. All functions (except memxor) now use a nettle_ or _nettle_ prefix when seen by the linker. For most functions, the header file that declares a function also uses #define to provide a shorter more readable name without the prefix. The shared library soname for this version is libnettle.so.2. NEWS for the 1.7 release Implemented DSA. Renamed RSA functions for consistency. Now it's rsa_public_key_init, not rsa_init_public_key, etc. Both RSA and DSA now have sign/verify functions that take the hash digest as argument. A rewritten and much more powerful sexp-conv program. Other changes to the sexp code, in particular updating it to the latest SPKI draft. Building nettle as a shared library (ELF only) seems to work. The version number is increased, so the library "soname" for this release is "libnettle.so.1". Bugfixes. Fixes for build and portability problems. NEWS for the 1.6 release Optimized assembler implementations of aes, for sparc and x86. The aes interface has changed slightly. The function aes_set_key is no more. Instead one has to use aes_set_encrypt_key or aes_set_decrypt_key. Sorry about that. New example programs, rsa-keygen, rsa-sign and rsa-verify, located in the examples directory. New configure option --enable-shared, which builds a shared library. Not tested. New experimental features, including sexp parsing and formatting, and changes to base64 encoding and decoding. The interfaces to these functions are subject to change, and are documented only in the source code. NEWS for the 1.5 release RSA support. Key generation and signatures. Support for HMAC (RFC-2104). An implementation of the Yarrow-256 PRNG. New sections in the manual. Changed the interface for hash functions. The md5_digest function is now equivalent to the old sequence of md5_final, md5_digest, md5_init, and similarly for the other hashing algorithms. This makes the interface simpler. NEWS for the 1.0 release Fixed twofish bug spotted by Jean-Pierre Stierlin. Added des3 and cbc. New RFC-1321-like interface in nettle/md5-compat.h, suggested by Assar Westerlund. New libdes-style compatibility interface in nettle/des-compat.h.