niceSOFT/libssh2: the SSH library

src/userauth.c
2 506 строк97 KB
Tejaswikandula
Support RSA SHA2 cert-based authentication (rsa-sha2-512_cert and rsa-sha2-256_cert) (#1314)
03 апр 2024, 18:55
03 апр 2024, 18:553a6ab70
/* Copyright (C) Sara Golemon <sarag@libssh2.org>
 * Copyright (C) Mikhail Gusarov <dottedmag@dottedmag.net>
 * Copyright (C) Daniel Stenberg
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms,
 * with or without modification, are permitted provided
 * that the following conditions are met:
 *
 *   Redistributions of source code must retain the above
 *   copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
 *   following disclaimer.
 *
 *   Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 *   copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
 *   disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
 *   provided with the distribution.
 *
 *   Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names
 *   of any other contributors may be used to endorse or
 *   promote products derived from this software without
 *   specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
 * CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
 * INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
 * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
 * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
 * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
 * WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
 * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE
 * USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY
 * OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 */

#include "libssh2_priv.h"

#include <ctype.h>

/* Needed for struct iovec on some platforms */
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_UIO_H
#include <sys/uio.h>
#endif

#include "transport.h"
#include "session.h"
#include "userauth.h"
#include "userauth_kbd_packet.h"

#include <stdlib.h>  /* strtol() */

/* userauth_list
 *
 * List authentication methods
 * Will yield successful login if "none" happens to be allowable for this user
 * Not a common configuration for any SSH server though
 * username should be NULL, or a null terminated string
 */
static char *userauth_list(LIBSSH2_SESSION *session, const char *username,
                           unsigned int username_len)
{
    unsigned char reply_codes[4] =
        { SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS, SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE,
          SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_BANNER, 0 };
    /* packet_type(1) + username_len(4) + service_len(4) +
       service(14)"ssh-connection" + method_len(4) = 27 */
    unsigned long methods_len;
    unsigned int banner_len;
    unsigned char *s;
    int rc;

    if(session->userauth_list_state == libssh2_NB_state_idle) {
        /* Zero the whole thing out */
        memset(&session->userauth_list_packet_requirev_state, 0,
               sizeof(session->userauth_list_packet_requirev_state));

        session->userauth_list_data_len = username_len + 27;

        s = session->userauth_list_data =
            LIBSSH2_ALLOC(session, session->userauth_list_data_len);
        if(!session->userauth_list_data) {
            _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_ALLOC,
                           "Unable to allocate memory for userauth_list");
            return NULL;
        }

        *(s++) = SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST;
        _libssh2_store_str(&s, username, username_len);
        _libssh2_store_str(&s, "ssh-connection", 14);
        _libssh2_store_u32(&s, 4); /* send "none" separately */

        session->userauth_list_state = libssh2_NB_state_created;
    }

    if(session->userauth_list_state == libssh2_NB_state_created) {
        rc = _libssh2_transport_send(session, session->userauth_list_data,
                                     session->userauth_list_data_len,
                                     (unsigned char *)"none", 4);
        if(rc == LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN) {
            _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN,
                           "Would block requesting userauth list");
            return NULL;
        }
        /* now free the packet that was sent */
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_list_data);
        session->userauth_list_data = NULL;

        if(rc) {
            _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_SOCKET_SEND,
                           "Unable to send userauth-none request");
            session->userauth_list_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
            return NULL;
        }

        session->userauth_list_state = libssh2_NB_state_sent;
    }

    if(session->userauth_list_state == libssh2_NB_state_sent) {
        rc = _libssh2_packet_requirev(session, reply_codes,
                                      &session->userauth_list_data,
                                      &session->userauth_list_data_len, 0,
                                      NULL, 0,
                               &session->userauth_list_packet_requirev_state);
        if(rc == LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN) {
            _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN,
                           "Would block requesting userauth list");
            return NULL;
        }
        else if(rc || (session->userauth_list_data_len < 1)) {
            _libssh2_error(session, rc, "Failed getting response");
            session->userauth_list_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
            return NULL;
        }

        if(session->userauth_list_data[0] == SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_BANNER) {
            if(session->userauth_list_data_len < 5) {
                LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_list_data);
                session->userauth_list_data = NULL;
                _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_PROTO,
                               "Unexpected packet size");
                return NULL;
            }
            banner_len = _libssh2_ntohu32(session->userauth_list_data + 1);
            if(banner_len > session->userauth_list_data_len - 5) {
                LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_list_data);
                session->userauth_list_data = NULL;
                _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_OUT_OF_BOUNDARY,
                               "Unexpected userauth banner size");
                return NULL;
            }
            session->userauth_banner = LIBSSH2_ALLOC(session, banner_len + 1);
            if(!session->userauth_banner) {
                LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_list_data);
                session->userauth_list_data = NULL;
                _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_ALLOC,
                              "Unable to allocate memory for userauth_banner");
                return NULL;
            }
            memcpy(session->userauth_banner, session->userauth_list_data + 5,
                    banner_len);
            session->userauth_banner[banner_len] = '\0';
            _libssh2_debug((session, LIBSSH2_TRACE_AUTH,
                           "Banner: %s",
                           session->userauth_banner));
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_list_data);
            session->userauth_list_data = NULL;
            /* SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_BANNER has been handled */
            reply_codes[2] = 0;
            rc = _libssh2_packet_requirev(session, reply_codes,
                                          &session->userauth_list_data,
                                          &session->userauth_list_data_len, 0,
                                          NULL, 0,
                                &session->userauth_list_packet_requirev_state);
            if(rc == LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN) {
                _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN,
                               "Would block requesting userauth list");
                return NULL;
            }
            else if(rc || (session->userauth_list_data_len < 1)) {
                _libssh2_error(session, rc, "Failed getting response");
                session->userauth_list_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
                return NULL;
            }
        }

        if(session->userauth_list_data[0] == SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS) {
            /* Wow, who'dve thought... */
            _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_NONE, "No error");
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_list_data);
            session->userauth_list_data = NULL;
            session->state |= LIBSSH2_STATE_AUTHENTICATED;
            session->userauth_list_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
            return NULL;
        }

        if(session->userauth_list_data_len < 5) {
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_list_data);
            session->userauth_list_data = NULL;
            _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_PROTO,
                           "Unexpected packet size");
            return NULL;
        }

        methods_len = _libssh2_ntohu32(session->userauth_list_data + 1);
        if(methods_len >= session->userauth_list_data_len - 5) {
            _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_OUT_OF_BOUNDARY,
                           "Unexpected userauth list size");
            return NULL;
        }

        /* Do note that the memory areas overlap! */
        memmove(session->userauth_list_data, session->userauth_list_data + 5,
                methods_len);
        session->userauth_list_data[methods_len] = '\0';
        _libssh2_debug((session, LIBSSH2_TRACE_AUTH,
                       "Permitted auth methods: %s",
                       session->userauth_list_data));
    }

    session->userauth_list_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
    return (char *)session->userauth_list_data;
}

/* libssh2_userauth_list
 *
 * List authentication methods
 * Will yield successful login if "none" happens to be allowable for this user
 * Not a common configuration for any SSH server though
 * username should be NULL, or a null terminated string
 */
LIBSSH2_API char *
libssh2_userauth_list(LIBSSH2_SESSION * session, const char *user,
                      unsigned int user_len)
{
    char *ptr;
    BLOCK_ADJUST_ERRNO(ptr, session,
                       userauth_list(session, user, user_len));
    return ptr;
}

/* libssh2_userauth_banner
 *
 * Retrieve banner message from server, if available.
 * When no such message is sent by server or if no authentication attempt has
 * been made, this function returns LIBSSH2_ERROR_MISSING_AUTH_BANNER.
 */
LIBSSH2_API int
libssh2_userauth_banner(LIBSSH2_SESSION *session, char **banner)
{
    if(!session)
        return LIBSSH2_ERROR_MISSING_USERAUTH_BANNER;

    if(!session->userauth_banner) {
        return _libssh2_error(session,
                              LIBSSH2_ERROR_MISSING_USERAUTH_BANNER,
                              "Missing userauth banner");
    }

    if(banner)
        *banner = session->userauth_banner;

    return LIBSSH2_ERROR_NONE;
}

/*
 * libssh2_userauth_authenticated
 *
 * Returns: 0 if not yet authenticated
 *          1 if already authenticated
 */
LIBSSH2_API int
libssh2_userauth_authenticated(LIBSSH2_SESSION * session)
{
    return (session->state & LIBSSH2_STATE_AUTHENTICATED) ? 1 : 0;
}



/* userauth_password
 * Plain ol' login
 */
static int
userauth_password(LIBSSH2_SESSION *session,
                  const char *username, unsigned int username_len,
                  const unsigned char *password, unsigned int password_len,
                  LIBSSH2_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ_FUNC((*passwd_change_cb)))
{
    unsigned char *s;
    static const unsigned char reply_codes[4] =
        { SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS, SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE,
          SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ, 0
        };
    int rc;

    if(session->userauth_pswd_state == libssh2_NB_state_idle) {
        /* Zero the whole thing out */
        memset(&session->userauth_pswd_packet_requirev_state, 0,
               sizeof(session->userauth_pswd_packet_requirev_state));

        /*
         * 40 = packet_type(1) + username_len(4) + service_len(4) +
         * service(14)"ssh-connection" + method_len(4) + method(8)"password" +
         * chgpwdbool(1) + password_len(4) */
        session->userauth_pswd_data_len = username_len + 40;

        session->userauth_pswd_data0 =
            (unsigned char) ~SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ;

        /* TODO: remove this alloc with a fixed buffer in the session
           struct */
        s = session->userauth_pswd_data =
            LIBSSH2_ALLOC(session, session->userauth_pswd_data_len);
        if(!session->userauth_pswd_data) {
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_ALLOC,
                                  "Unable to allocate memory for "
                                  "userauth-password request");
        }

        *(s++) = SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST;
        _libssh2_store_str(&s, username, username_len);
        _libssh2_store_str(&s, "ssh-connection", sizeof("ssh-connection") - 1);
        _libssh2_store_str(&s, "password", sizeof("password") - 1);
        *s++ = '\0';
        _libssh2_store_u32(&s, password_len);
        /* 'password' is sent separately */

        _libssh2_debug((session, LIBSSH2_TRACE_AUTH,
                       "Attempting to login using password authentication"));

        session->userauth_pswd_state = libssh2_NB_state_created;
    }

    if(session->userauth_pswd_state == libssh2_NB_state_created) {
        rc = _libssh2_transport_send(session, session->userauth_pswd_data,
                                     session->userauth_pswd_data_len,
                                     password, password_len);
        if(rc == LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN) {
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN,
                                  "Would block writing password request");
        }

        /* now free the sent packet */
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pswd_data);
        session->userauth_pswd_data = NULL;

        if(rc) {
            session->userauth_pswd_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_SOCKET_SEND,
                                  "Unable to send userauth-password request");
        }

        session->userauth_pswd_state = libssh2_NB_state_sent;
    }

password_response:

    if((session->userauth_pswd_state == libssh2_NB_state_sent)
        || (session->userauth_pswd_state == libssh2_NB_state_sent1)
        || (session->userauth_pswd_state == libssh2_NB_state_sent2)) {
        if(session->userauth_pswd_state == libssh2_NB_state_sent) {
            rc = _libssh2_packet_requirev(session, reply_codes,
                                          &session->userauth_pswd_data,
                                          &session->userauth_pswd_data_len,
                                          0, NULL, 0,
                                          &session->
                                          userauth_pswd_packet_requirev_state);

            if(rc) {
                if(rc != LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN)
                    session->userauth_pswd_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;

                return _libssh2_error(session, rc,
                                      "Waiting for password response");
            }
            else if(session->userauth_pswd_data_len < 1) {
                session->userauth_pswd_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
                return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_PROTO,
                                      "Unexpected packet size");
            }

            if(session->userauth_pswd_data[0] == SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS) {
                _libssh2_debug((session, LIBSSH2_TRACE_AUTH,
                               "Password authentication successful"));
                LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pswd_data);
                session->userauth_pswd_data = NULL;
                session->state |= LIBSSH2_STATE_AUTHENTICATED;
                session->userauth_pswd_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
                return 0;
            }
            else if(session->userauth_pswd_data[0] ==
                    SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE) {
                _libssh2_debug((session, LIBSSH2_TRACE_AUTH,
                               "Password authentication failed"));
                LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pswd_data);
                session->userauth_pswd_data = NULL;
                session->userauth_pswd_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
                return _libssh2_error(session,
                                      LIBSSH2_ERROR_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED,
                                      "Authentication failed "
                                      "(username/password)");
            }

            session->userauth_pswd_newpw = NULL;
            session->userauth_pswd_newpw_len = 0;

            session->userauth_pswd_state = libssh2_NB_state_sent1;
        }

        if(session->userauth_pswd_data_len < 1) {
            session->userauth_pswd_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_PROTO,
                                  "Unexpected packet size");
        }

        if((session->userauth_pswd_data[0] ==
             SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ)
            || (session->userauth_pswd_data0 ==
                SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ)) {
            session->userauth_pswd_data0 = SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ;

            if((session->userauth_pswd_state == libssh2_NB_state_sent1) ||
                (session->userauth_pswd_state == libssh2_NB_state_sent2)) {
                if(session->userauth_pswd_state == libssh2_NB_state_sent1) {
                    _libssh2_debug((session, LIBSSH2_TRACE_AUTH,
                                   "Password change required"));
                    LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pswd_data);
                    session->userauth_pswd_data = NULL;
                }
                if(passwd_change_cb) {
                    if(session->userauth_pswd_state ==
                       libssh2_NB_state_sent1) {
                        passwd_change_cb(session,
                                         &session->userauth_pswd_newpw,
                                         &session->userauth_pswd_newpw_len,
                                         &session->abstract);
                        if(!session->userauth_pswd_newpw) {
                            return _libssh2_error(session,
                                                LIBSSH2_ERROR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED,
                                                  "Password expired, and "
                                                  "callback failed");
                        }

                        /* basic data_len + newpw_len(4) */
                        if(username_len + password_len + 44 <= UINT_MAX) {
                            session->userauth_pswd_data_len =
                                username_len + password_len + 44;
                            s = session->userauth_pswd_data =
                                LIBSSH2_ALLOC(session,
                                              session->userauth_pswd_data_len);
                        }
                        else {
                            s = session->userauth_pswd_data = NULL;
                            session->userauth_pswd_data_len = 0;
                        }

                        if(!session->userauth_pswd_data) {
                            LIBSSH2_FREE(session,
                                         session->userauth_pswd_newpw);
                            session->userauth_pswd_newpw = NULL;
                            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_ALLOC,
                                                  "Unable to allocate memory "
                                                  "for userauth password "
                                                  "change request");
                        }

                        *(s++) = SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST;
                        _libssh2_store_str(&s, username, username_len);
                        _libssh2_store_str(&s, "ssh-connection",
                                           sizeof("ssh-connection") - 1);
                        _libssh2_store_str(&s, "password",
                                           sizeof("password") - 1);
                        *s++ = 0x01;
                        _libssh2_store_str(&s, (char *)password, password_len);
                        _libssh2_store_u32(&s,
                                           session->userauth_pswd_newpw_len);
                        /* send session->userauth_pswd_newpw separately */

                        session->userauth_pswd_state = libssh2_NB_state_sent2;
                    }

                    if(session->userauth_pswd_state ==
                       libssh2_NB_state_sent2) {
                        rc = _libssh2_transport_send(session,
                                            session->userauth_pswd_data,
                                            session->userauth_pswd_data_len,
                                            (unsigned char *)
                                            session->userauth_pswd_newpw,
                                            session->userauth_pswd_newpw_len);
                        if(rc == LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN) {
                            return _libssh2_error(session,
                                                  LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN,
                                                  "Would block waiting");
                        }

                        /* free the allocated packets again */
                        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pswd_data);
                        session->userauth_pswd_data = NULL;
                        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pswd_newpw);
                        session->userauth_pswd_newpw = NULL;

                        if(rc) {
                            return _libssh2_error(session,
                                                  LIBSSH2_ERROR_SOCKET_SEND,
                                                  "Unable to send userauth "
                                                  "password-change request");
                        }

                        /*
                         * Ugliest use of goto ever.  Blame it on the
                         * askN => requirev migration.
                         */
                        session->userauth_pswd_state = libssh2_NB_state_sent;
                        goto password_response;
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                session->userauth_pswd_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
                return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED,
                                      "Password Expired, and no callback "
                                      "specified");
            }
        }
    }

    /* FAILURE */
    LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pswd_data);
    session->userauth_pswd_data = NULL;
    session->userauth_pswd_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;

    return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED,
                          "Authentication failed");
}

/*
 * libssh2_userauth_password_ex
 *
 * Plain ol' login
 */

LIBSSH2_API int
libssh2_userauth_password_ex(LIBSSH2_SESSION *session, const char *username,
                             unsigned int username_len, const char *password,
                             unsigned int password_len,
                             LIBSSH2_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ_FUNC
                             ((*passwd_change_cb)))
{
    int rc;
    BLOCK_ADJUST(rc, session,
                 userauth_password(session, username, username_len,
                                   (unsigned char *)password, password_len,
                                   passwd_change_cb));
    return rc;
}

static int
memory_read_publickey(LIBSSH2_SESSION * session, unsigned char **method,
                      size_t *method_len,
                      unsigned char **pubkeydata,
                      size_t *pubkeydata_len,
                      const char *pubkeyfiledata,
                      size_t pubkeyfiledata_len)
{
    unsigned char *pubkey = NULL, *sp1, *sp2, *tmp;
    size_t pubkey_len = pubkeyfiledata_len;
    size_t tmp_len;

    if(pubkeyfiledata_len <= 1) {
        return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_FILE,
                              "Invalid data in public key file");
    }

    pubkey = LIBSSH2_ALLOC(session, pubkeyfiledata_len);
    if(!pubkey) {
        return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_ALLOC,
                              "Unable to allocate memory for public key data");
    }

    memcpy(pubkey, pubkeyfiledata, pubkeyfiledata_len);

    /*
     *   Remove trailing whitespace
     */
    while(pubkey_len && isspace(pubkey[pubkey_len - 1]))
        pubkey_len--;

    if(!pubkey_len) {
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, pubkey);
        return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_FILE,
                              "Missing public key data");
    }

    sp1 = memchr(pubkey, ' ', pubkey_len);
    if(!sp1) {
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, pubkey);
        return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_FILE,
                              "Invalid public key data");
    }

    sp1++;

    sp2 = memchr(sp1, ' ', pubkey_len - (sp1 - pubkey));
    if(!sp2) {
        /* Assume that the id string is missing, but that it's okay */
        sp2 = pubkey + pubkey_len;
    }

    if(_libssh2_base64_decode(session, (char **)&tmp, &tmp_len,
                              (const char *)sp1,
                              sp2 - sp1)) {
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, pubkey);
        return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_FILE,
                              "Invalid key data, not base64 encoded");
    }

    /* Wasting some bytes here (okay, more than some), but since it's likely
     * to be freed soon anyway, we'll just avoid the extra free/alloc and call
     * it a wash
     */
    *method = pubkey;
    *method_len = sp1 - pubkey - 1;

    *pubkeydata = tmp;
    *pubkeydata_len = tmp_len;

    return 0;
}

/*
 * file_read_publickey
 *
 * Read a public key from an id_???.pub style file
 *
 * Returns an allocated string containing the decoded key in *pubkeydata
 * on success.
 * Returns an allocated string containing the key method (e.g. "ssh-dss")
 * in method on success.
 */
static int
file_read_publickey(LIBSSH2_SESSION * session, unsigned char **method,
                    size_t *method_len,
                    unsigned char **pubkeydata,
                    size_t *pubkeydata_len,
                    const char *pubkeyfile)
{
    FILE *fd;
    char c;
    unsigned char *pubkey = NULL, *sp1, *sp2, *tmp;
    size_t pubkey_len = 0, sp_len;
    size_t tmp_len;

    _libssh2_debug((session, LIBSSH2_TRACE_AUTH, "Loading public key file: %s",
                   pubkeyfile));
    /* Read Public Key */
    fd = fopen(pubkeyfile, FOPEN_READTEXT);
    if(!fd) {
        return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_FILE,
                              "Unable to open public key file");
    }
    while(!feof(fd) && 1 == fread(&c, 1, 1, fd) && c != '\r' && c != '\n') {
        pubkey_len++;
    }
    rewind(fd);

    if(pubkey_len <= 1) {
        fclose(fd);
        return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_FILE,
                              "Invalid data in public key file");
    }

    pubkey = LIBSSH2_ALLOC(session, pubkey_len);
    if(!pubkey) {
        fclose(fd);
        return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_ALLOC,
                              "Unable to allocate memory for public key data");
    }
    if(fread(pubkey, 1, pubkey_len, fd) != pubkey_len) {
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, pubkey);
        fclose(fd);
        return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_FILE,
                              "Unable to read public key from file");
    }
    fclose(fd);
    /*
     * Remove trailing whitespace
     */
    while(pubkey_len && isspace(pubkey[pubkey_len - 1])) {
        pubkey_len--;
    }

    if(!pubkey_len) {
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, pubkey);
        return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_FILE,
                              "Missing public key data");
    }

    sp1 = memchr(pubkey, ' ', pubkey_len);
    if(!sp1) {
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, pubkey);
        return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_FILE,
                              "Invalid public key data");
    }

    sp1++;

    sp_len = sp1 > pubkey ? (sp1 - pubkey) : 0;
    sp2 = memchr(sp1, ' ', pubkey_len - sp_len);
    if(!sp2) {
        /* Assume that the id string is missing, but that it's okay */
        sp2 = pubkey + pubkey_len;
    }

    if(_libssh2_base64_decode(session, (char **)&tmp, &tmp_len,
                              (const char *)sp1,
                              sp2 - sp1)) {
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, pubkey);
        return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_FILE,
                              "Invalid key data, not base64 encoded");
    }

    /* Wasting some bytes here (okay, more than some), but since it's likely
     * to be freed soon anyway, we'll just avoid the extra free/alloc and call
     * it a wash */
    *method = pubkey;
    *method_len = sp1 - pubkey - 1;

    *pubkeydata = tmp;
    *pubkeydata_len = tmp_len;

    return 0;
}

static int
memory_read_privatekey(LIBSSH2_SESSION * session,
                       const LIBSSH2_HOSTKEY_METHOD ** hostkey_method,
                       void **hostkey_abstract,
                       const unsigned char *method, size_t method_len,
                       const char *privkeyfiledata, size_t privkeyfiledata_len,
                       const char *passphrase)
{
    const LIBSSH2_HOSTKEY_METHOD **hostkey_methods_avail =
        libssh2_hostkey_methods();

    *hostkey_method = NULL;
    *hostkey_abstract = NULL;
    while(*hostkey_methods_avail && (*hostkey_methods_avail)->name) {
        if((*hostkey_methods_avail)->initPEMFromMemory
             && strncmp((*hostkey_methods_avail)->name, (const char *) method,
                        method_len) == 0) {
            *hostkey_method = *hostkey_methods_avail;
            break;
        }
        hostkey_methods_avail++;
    }
    if(!*hostkey_method) {
        return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_METHOD_NONE,
                              "No handler for specified private key");
    }

    if((*hostkey_method)->
        initPEMFromMemory(session, privkeyfiledata, privkeyfiledata_len,
                          (unsigned char *) passphrase,
                          hostkey_abstract)) {
        return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_FILE,
                              "Unable to initialize private key from memory");
    }

    return 0;
}

/* libssh2_file_read_privatekey
 * Read a PEM encoded private key from an id_??? style file
 */
static int
file_read_privatekey(LIBSSH2_SESSION * session,
                     const LIBSSH2_HOSTKEY_METHOD ** hostkey_method,
                     void **hostkey_abstract,
                     const unsigned char *method, size_t method_len,
                     const char *privkeyfile, const char *passphrase)
{
    const LIBSSH2_HOSTKEY_METHOD **hostkey_methods_avail =
        libssh2_hostkey_methods();

    _libssh2_debug((session, LIBSSH2_TRACE_AUTH,
                   "Loading private key file: %s", privkeyfile));
    *hostkey_method = NULL;
    *hostkey_abstract = NULL;
    while(*hostkey_methods_avail && (*hostkey_methods_avail)->name) {
        if((*hostkey_methods_avail)->initPEM
            && strncmp((*hostkey_methods_avail)->name, (const char *) method,
                       method_len) == 0) {
            *hostkey_method = *hostkey_methods_avail;
            break;
        }
        hostkey_methods_avail++;
    }
    if(!*hostkey_method) {
        return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_METHOD_NONE,
                              "No handler for specified private key");
    }

    if((*hostkey_method)->
        initPEM(session, privkeyfile, (unsigned char *) passphrase,
                hostkey_abstract)) {
        return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_FILE,
                              "Unable to initialize private key from file");
    }

    return 0;
}

struct privkey_file {
    const char *filename;
    const char *passphrase;
};

struct privkey_mem {
    const char *passphrase;
    const char *data;
    size_t data_len;
};

static int
sign_frommemory(LIBSSH2_SESSION *session, unsigned char **sig, size_t *sig_len,
                const unsigned char *data, size_t data_len, void **abstract)
{
    struct privkey_mem *pk_mem = (struct privkey_mem *) (*abstract);
    const LIBSSH2_HOSTKEY_METHOD *privkeyobj;
    void *hostkey_abstract;
    struct iovec datavec;
    int rc;

    rc = memory_read_privatekey(session, &privkeyobj, &hostkey_abstract,
                                session->userauth_pblc_method,
                                session->userauth_pblc_method_len,
                                pk_mem->data,
                                pk_mem->data_len,
                                pk_mem->passphrase);
    if(rc)
        return rc;

    libssh2_prepare_iovec(&datavec, 1);
    datavec.iov_base = (void *)data;
    datavec.iov_len  = data_len;

    if(privkeyobj->signv(session, sig, sig_len, 1, &datavec,
                         &hostkey_abstract)) {
        if(privkeyobj->dtor) {
            privkeyobj->dtor(session, &hostkey_abstract);
        }
        return -1;
    }

    if(privkeyobj->dtor) {
        privkeyobj->dtor(session, &hostkey_abstract);
    }
    return 0;
}

static int
sign_fromfile(LIBSSH2_SESSION *session, unsigned char **sig, size_t *sig_len,
              const unsigned char *data, size_t data_len, void **abstract)
{
    struct privkey_file *privkey_file = (struct privkey_file *) (*abstract);
    const LIBSSH2_HOSTKEY_METHOD *privkeyobj;
    void *hostkey_abstract;
    struct iovec datavec;
    int rc;

    rc = file_read_privatekey(session, &privkeyobj, &hostkey_abstract,
                              session->userauth_pblc_method,
                              session->userauth_pblc_method_len,
                              privkey_file->filename,
                              privkey_file->passphrase);
    if(rc)
        return rc;

    libssh2_prepare_iovec(&datavec, 1);
    datavec.iov_base = (void *)data;
    datavec.iov_len  = data_len;

    if(privkeyobj->signv(session, sig, sig_len, 1, &datavec,
                         &hostkey_abstract)) {
        if(privkeyobj->dtor) {
            privkeyobj->dtor(session, &hostkey_abstract);
        }
        return -1;
    }

    if(privkeyobj->dtor) {
        privkeyobj->dtor(session, &hostkey_abstract);
    }
    return 0;
}

int
libssh2_sign_sk(LIBSSH2_SESSION *session, unsigned char **sig, size_t *sig_len,
                const unsigned char *data, size_t data_len, void **abstract)
{
    int rc = LIBSSH2_ERROR_DECRYPT;
    LIBSSH2_PRIVKEY_SK *sk_info = (LIBSSH2_PRIVKEY_SK *) (*abstract);
    LIBSSH2_SK_SIG_INFO sig_info = { 0 };

    if(sk_info->handle_len <= 0) {
        return LIBSSH2_ERROR_DECRYPT;
    }

    rc = sk_info->sign_callback(session,
                                &sig_info,
                                data,
                                data_len,
                                sk_info->algorithm,
                                sk_info->flags,
                                sk_info->application,
                                sk_info->key_handle,
                                sk_info->handle_len,
                                sk_info->orig_abstract);

    if(rc == 0 && sig_info.sig_r_len > 0 && sig_info.sig_r) {
        unsigned char *p = NULL;

        if(sig_info.sig_s_len > 0 && sig_info.sig_s) {
            /* sig length, sig_r, sig_s, flags, counter, plus 4 bytes for each
               component's length, and up to 1 extra byte for each component */
            *sig_len = 4 + 5 + sig_info.sig_r_len + 5 + sig_info.sig_s_len + 5;
            *sig = LIBSSH2_ALLOC(session, *sig_len);

            if(*sig) {
                unsigned char *x = *sig;
                p = *sig;

                _libssh2_store_u32(&p, 0);

                _libssh2_store_bignum2_bytes(&p,
                                             sig_info.sig_r,
                                             sig_info.sig_r_len);

                _libssh2_store_bignum2_bytes(&p,
                                             sig_info.sig_s,
                                             sig_info.sig_s_len);

                *sig_len = p - *sig;

                _libssh2_store_u32(&x, (uint32_t)(*sig_len - 4));
            }
            else {
                _libssh2_debug((session,
                               LIBSSH2_ERROR_ALLOC,
                               "Unable to allocate ecdsa-sk signature."));
                rc = LIBSSH2_ERROR_ALLOC;
            }
        }
        else {
            /* sig, flags, counter, plus 4 bytes for sig length. */
            *sig_len = 4 + sig_info.sig_r_len + 1 + 4;
            *sig = LIBSSH2_ALLOC(session, *sig_len);

            if(*sig) {
                p = *sig;

                _libssh2_store_str(&p,
                                   (const char *)sig_info.sig_r,
                                   sig_info.sig_r_len);
            }
            else {
                _libssh2_debug((session,
                               LIBSSH2_ERROR_ALLOC,
                               "Unable to allocate ed25519-sk signature."));
                rc = LIBSSH2_ERROR_ALLOC;
            }
        }

        if(p) {
            *p = sig_info.flags;
            ++p;
            _libssh2_store_u32(&p, sig_info.counter);

            *sig_len = p - *sig;
        }

        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, sig_info.sig_r);

        if(sig_info.sig_s) {
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, sig_info.sig_s);
        }
    }
    else {
        _libssh2_debug((session,
                       LIBSSH2_ERROR_DECRYPT,
                       "sign_callback failed or returned invalid signature."));
        *sig_len = 0;
    }

    return rc;
}

/* userauth_hostbased_fromfile
 * Authenticate using a keypair found in the named files
 */
static int
userauth_hostbased_fromfile(LIBSSH2_SESSION *session,
                            const char *username, size_t username_len,
                            const char *publickey, const char *privatekey,
                            const char *passphrase, const char *hostname,
                            size_t hostname_len,
                            const char *local_username,
                            size_t local_username_len)
{
    int rc;

    if(session->userauth_host_state == libssh2_NB_state_idle) {
        const LIBSSH2_HOSTKEY_METHOD *privkeyobj;
        unsigned char *pubkeydata = NULL;
        unsigned char *sig = NULL;
        size_t pubkeydata_len = 0;
        size_t sig_len = 0;
        void *abstract;
        unsigned char buf[5];
        struct iovec datavec[4];

        /* Zero the whole thing out */
        memset(&session->userauth_host_packet_requirev_state, 0,
               sizeof(session->userauth_host_packet_requirev_state));

        if(publickey) {
            rc = file_read_publickey(session, &session->userauth_host_method,
                                     &session->userauth_host_method_len,
                                     &pubkeydata, &pubkeydata_len, publickey);
            if(rc)
                /* Note: file_read_publickey() calls _libssh2_error() */
                return rc;
        }
        else {
            /* Compute public key from private key. */
            rc = _libssh2_pub_priv_keyfile(session,
                                           &session->userauth_host_method,
                                           &session->userauth_host_method_len,
                                           &pubkeydata, &pubkeydata_len,
                                           privatekey, passphrase);
            if(rc)
                /* libssh2_pub_priv_keyfile() calls _libssh2_error() */
                return rc;
        }

        /*
         * 52 = packet_type(1) + username_len(4) + servicename_len(4) +
         * service_name(14)"ssh-connection" + authmethod_len(4) +
         * authmethod(9)"hostbased" + method_len(4) + pubkeydata_len(4) +
         * hostname_len(4) + local_username_len(4)
         */
        session->userauth_host_packet_len =
            username_len + session->userauth_host_method_len + hostname_len +
            local_username_len + pubkeydata_len + 52;

        /*
         * Preallocate space for an overall length,  method name again,
         * and the signature, which won't be any larger than the size of
         * the publickeydata itself
         */
        session->userauth_host_s = session->userauth_host_packet =
            LIBSSH2_ALLOC(session,
                          session->userauth_host_packet_len + 4 +
                          (4 + session->userauth_host_method_len) +
                          (4 + pubkeydata_len));
        if(!session->userauth_host_packet) {
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_host_method);
            session->userauth_host_method = NULL;
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, pubkeydata);
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_ALLOC,
                                  "Out of memory");
        }

        *(session->userauth_host_s++) = SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST;
        _libssh2_store_str(&session->userauth_host_s, username, username_len);
        _libssh2_store_str(&session->userauth_host_s, "ssh-connection", 14);
        _libssh2_store_str(&session->userauth_host_s, "hostbased", 9);
        _libssh2_store_str(&session->userauth_host_s,
                           (const char *)session->userauth_host_method,
                           session->userauth_host_method_len);
        _libssh2_store_str(&session->userauth_host_s, (const char *)pubkeydata,
                           pubkeydata_len);
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, pubkeydata);
        _libssh2_store_str(&session->userauth_host_s, hostname, hostname_len);
        _libssh2_store_str(&session->userauth_host_s, local_username,
                           local_username_len);

        rc = file_read_privatekey(session, &privkeyobj, &abstract,
                                  session->userauth_host_method,
                                  session->userauth_host_method_len,
                                  privatekey, passphrase);
        if(rc) {
            /* Note: file_read_privatekey() calls _libssh2_error() */
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_host_method);
            session->userauth_host_method = NULL;
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_host_packet);
            session->userauth_host_packet = NULL;
            return rc;
        }

        _libssh2_htonu32(buf, session->session_id_len);
        libssh2_prepare_iovec(datavec, 4);
        datavec[0].iov_base = (void *)buf;
        datavec[0].iov_len = 4;
        datavec[1].iov_base = (void *)session->session_id;
        datavec[1].iov_len = session->session_id_len;
        datavec[2].iov_base = (void *)session->userauth_host_packet;
        datavec[2].iov_len = session->userauth_host_packet_len;

        if(privkeyobj && privkeyobj->signv &&
                         privkeyobj->signv(session, &sig, &sig_len, 3,
                                           datavec, &abstract)) {
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_host_method);
            session->userauth_host_method = NULL;
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_host_packet);
            session->userauth_host_packet = NULL;
            if(privkeyobj->dtor) {
                privkeyobj->dtor(session, &abstract);
            }
            return -1;
        }

        if(privkeyobj && privkeyobj->dtor) {
            privkeyobj->dtor(session, &abstract);
        }

        if(sig_len > pubkeydata_len) {
            unsigned char *newpacket;
            /* Should *NEVER* happen, but...well.. better safe than sorry */
            newpacket = LIBSSH2_REALLOC(session, session->userauth_host_packet,
                                        session->userauth_host_packet_len + 4 +
                                        (4 + session->userauth_host_method_len)
                                        + (4 + sig_len)); /* PK sigblob */
            if(!newpacket) {
                LIBSSH2_FREE(session, sig);
                LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_host_packet);
                session->userauth_host_packet = NULL;
                LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_host_method);
                session->userauth_host_method = NULL;
                return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_ALLOC,
                                      "Failed allocating additional space for "
                                      "userauth-hostbased packet");
            }
            session->userauth_host_packet = newpacket;
        }

        session->userauth_host_s =
            session->userauth_host_packet + session->userauth_host_packet_len;

        _libssh2_store_u32(&session->userauth_host_s,
                           (uint32_t)(4 + session->userauth_host_method_len +
                                      4 + sig_len));
        _libssh2_store_str(&session->userauth_host_s,
                           (const char *)session->userauth_host_method,
                           session->userauth_host_method_len);
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_host_method);
        session->userauth_host_method = NULL;

        _libssh2_store_str(&session->userauth_host_s, (const char *)sig,
                           sig_len);
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, sig);

        _libssh2_debug((session, LIBSSH2_TRACE_AUTH,
                       "Attempting hostbased authentication"));

        session->userauth_host_state = libssh2_NB_state_created;
    }

    if(session->userauth_host_state == libssh2_NB_state_created) {
        rc = _libssh2_transport_send(session, session->userauth_host_packet,
                                     session->userauth_host_s -
                                     session->userauth_host_packet,
                                     NULL, 0);
        if(rc == LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN) {
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN,
                                  "Would block");
        }
        else if(rc) {
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_host_packet);
            session->userauth_host_packet = NULL;
            session->userauth_host_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_SOCKET_SEND,
                                  "Unable to send userauth-hostbased request");
        }
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_host_packet);
        session->userauth_host_packet = NULL;

        session->userauth_host_state = libssh2_NB_state_sent;
    }

    if(session->userauth_host_state == libssh2_NB_state_sent) {
        static const unsigned char reply_codes[3] =
            { SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS, SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE, 0 };
        size_t data_len;
        rc = _libssh2_packet_requirev(session, reply_codes,
                                      &session->userauth_host_data,
                                      &data_len, 0, NULL, 0,
                                      &session->
                                      userauth_host_packet_requirev_state);
        if(rc == LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN) {
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN,
                                  "Would block");
        }

        session->userauth_host_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
        if(rc || data_len < 1) {
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_PUBLICKEY_UNVERIFIED,
                                  "Auth failed");
        }

        if(session->userauth_host_data[0] == SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS) {
            _libssh2_debug((session, LIBSSH2_TRACE_AUTH,
                           "Hostbased authentication successful"));
            /* We are us and we've proved it. */
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_host_data);
            session->userauth_host_data = NULL;
            session->state |= LIBSSH2_STATE_AUTHENTICATED;
            return 0;
        }
    }

    /* This public key is not allowed for this user on this server */
    LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_host_data);
    session->userauth_host_data = NULL;
    return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_PUBLICKEY_UNVERIFIED,
                          "Invalid signature for supplied public key, or bad "
                          "username/public key combination");
}

/* libssh2_userauth_hostbased_fromfile_ex
 * Authenticate using a keypair found in the named files
 */
LIBSSH2_API int
libssh2_userauth_hostbased_fromfile_ex(LIBSSH2_SESSION *session,
                                       const char *user,
                                       unsigned int user_len,
                                       const char *publickey,
                                       const char *privatekey,
                                       const char *passphrase,
                                       const char *host,
                                       unsigned int host_len,
                                       const char *localuser,
                                       unsigned int localuser_len)
{
    int rc;
    BLOCK_ADJUST(rc, session,
                 userauth_hostbased_fromfile(session, user, user_len,
                                             publickey, privatekey,
                                             passphrase, host, host_len,
                                             localuser, localuser_len));
    return rc;
}

size_t plain_method(char *method, size_t method_len)
{
    if(!strncmp("ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com",
                method,
                method_len)) {
        return 7;
    }

    if(!strncmp("rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com",
                method,
                method_len) ||
       !strncmp("rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com",
                method,
                method_len)) {
       return 12;
    }

    if(!strncmp("ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com",
                method,
                method_len) ||
       !strncmp("ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com",
                method,
                method_len) ||
       !strncmp("ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com",
                method,
                method_len)) {
        return 19;
    }

    if(!strncmp("ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com",
                method,
                method_len)) {
        return 11;
    }

    if(!strncmp("sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com",
                method,
                method_len)) {
        const char *new_method = "sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com";
        memcpy(method, new_method, strlen(new_method));
        return strlen(new_method);
    }

    if(!strncmp("sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com",
                method,
                method_len)) {
        const char *new_method = "sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com";
        memcpy(method, new_method, strlen(new_method));
        return strlen(new_method);
    }

    return method_len;
}

/* Function to check if the given version is less than pattern (OpenSSH 7.8)
 * This function expects the input version in x.y* format
 * (x being openssh major and y being openssh minor version)
 * Returns 1 if the version is less than OpenSSH_7.8, 0 otherwise
 */
static int is_version_less_than_78(const char *version)
{
    char *endptr = NULL;
    long major = 0;
    int minor = 0;

    if(!version)
        return 0;

    major = strtol(version, &endptr, 10);
    if(!endptr || *endptr != '.')
        return 0; /* Not a valid number */
    minor = (endptr + 1)[0] - '0';
    if((major >= 1 && major <= 6) ||
       (major == 7 && minor >= 0 && minor <= 7)) {
        return 1; /* Version is in the specified range */
    }
    return 0;
}

/**
 * @function _libssh2_key_sign_algorithm
 * @abstract Upgrades the algorithm used for public key signing RFC 8332
 * @discussion Based on the incoming key_method value, this function
 * will upgrade the key method input based on user preferences,
 * server support algos and crypto backend support
 * @related _libssh2_supported_key_sign_algorithms()
 * @param key_method current key method, usually the default key sig method
 * @param key_method_len length of the key method buffer
 * @result error code or zero on success
 */

static int
_libssh2_key_sign_algorithm(LIBSSH2_SESSION *session,
                            unsigned char **key_method,
                            size_t *key_method_len)
{
    const char *s = NULL;
    const char *a = NULL;
    const char *match = NULL;
    const char *p = NULL;
    const char *f = NULL;
    char *i = NULL;
    size_t p_len = 0;
    size_t f_len = 0;
    int rc = 0;
    size_t match_len = 0;
    const size_t suffix_len = 21;
    char *filtered_algs = NULL;
    const char * const certSuffix = "-cert-v01@openssh.com";
    const char *remote_banner = NULL;
    const char * const remote_ver_pre = "OpenSSH_";
    const char *remote_ver_start = NULL;
    const char *remote_ver = NULL;
    int SSH_BUG_SIGTYPE = 0;

    const char *supported_algs =
    _libssh2_supported_key_sign_algorithms(session,
                                           *key_method,
                                           *key_method_len);

    if(!supported_algs || !session->server_sign_algorithms) {
        /* no upgrading key algorithm supported, do nothing */
        return LIBSSH2_ERROR_NONE;
    }

    filtered_algs = LIBSSH2_ALLOC(session, strlen(supported_algs) + 1);
    if(!filtered_algs) {
        rc = _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_ALLOC,
                            "Unable to allocate filtered algs");
        return rc;
    }

    /* Set "SSH_BUG_SIGTYPE" flag when the remote server version is OpenSSH 7.7
       or lower and when the RSA key in question is a certificate to ignore
       "server-sig-algs" and only offer ssh-rsa signature algorithm for
       RSA certs */
    remote_banner = libssh2_session_banner_get(session);
    /* Extract version information from the banner */
    if(remote_banner) {
        remote_ver_start = strstr(remote_banner, remote_ver_pre);
        if(remote_ver_start) {
            remote_ver = remote_ver_start + strlen(remote_ver_pre);
            SSH_BUG_SIGTYPE = is_version_less_than_78(remote_ver);
            if(SSH_BUG_SIGTYPE && *key_method_len == 28 &&
               memcmp(key_method, "ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com",
                      *key_method_len)) {
                return LIBSSH2_ERROR_NONE;
            }
        }
    }

    s = session->server_sign_algorithms;
    i = filtered_algs;

    /* this walks the server algo list and the supported algo list and creates
       a filtered list that includes matches */

    while(s && *s) {
        p = strchr(s, ',');
        p_len = (p ? (size_t)(p - s) : strlen(s));
        a = supported_algs;

        while(a && *a) {
            f = strchr(a, ',');
            f_len = (f ? (size_t)(f - a) : strlen(a));

            if(f_len == p_len && memcmp(a, s, p_len) == 0) {

                if(i != filtered_algs) {
                    memcpy(i, ",", 1);
                    i += 1;
                }

                memcpy(i, s, p_len);
                i += p_len;
            }

            a = f ? (f + 1) : NULL;
        }

        s = p ? (p + 1) : NULL;
    }

    filtered_algs[i - filtered_algs] = '\0';

    if(session->sign_algo_prefs) {
        s = session->sign_algo_prefs;
    }
    else {
        s = supported_algs;
    }

    /* now that we have the possible supported algos, match based on the prefs
       or what is supported by the crypto backend, look for a match */

    while(s && *s && !match) {
        p = strchr(s, ',');
        p_len = (p ? (size_t)(p - s) : strlen(s));
        a = filtered_algs;

        while(a && *a && !match) {
            f = strchr(a, ',');
            f_len = (f ? (size_t)(f - a) : strlen(a));

            if(f_len == p_len && memcmp(a, s, p_len) == 0) {
                /* found a match, upgrade key method */
                match = s;
                match_len = p_len;
            }
            else {
                a = f ? (f + 1) : NULL;
            }
        }

        s = p ? (p + 1) : NULL;
    }

    if(match) {
        if(*key_method_len == 28 &&
        memcmp(key_method, "ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com", *key_method_len)) {
            if(*key_method)
                LIBSSH2_FREE(session, *key_method);
            *key_method = LIBSSH2_ALLOC(session, match_len + suffix_len);
            if(*key_method) {
                memcpy(*key_method, match, match_len);
                memcpy(*key_method + match_len, certSuffix, suffix_len);
                *key_method_len = match_len + suffix_len;
            }
        }
        else {
            if(*key_method)
                LIBSSH2_FREE(session, *key_method);
            *key_method = LIBSSH2_ALLOC(session, match_len);
            if(*key_method) {
                memcpy(*key_method, match, match_len);
                *key_method_len = match_len;
            }
        }
        if(!key_method) {
            *key_method_len = 0;
            rc = _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_ALLOC,
                                "Unable to allocate key method upgrade");
        }
    }
    else {
        /* no match was found */
        rc = _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_METHOD_NONE,
                            "No signing signature matched");
    }

    if(filtered_algs)
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, filtered_algs);

    return rc;
}

int
_libssh2_userauth_publickey(LIBSSH2_SESSION *session,
                            const char *username,
                            size_t username_len,
                            const unsigned char *pubkeydata,
                            size_t pubkeydata_len,
                            LIBSSH2_USERAUTH_PUBLICKEY_SIGN_FUNC
                            ((*sign_callback)),
                            void *abstract)
{
    unsigned char reply_codes[4] =
        { SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS, SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE,
          SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_PK_OK, 0
        };
    int rc;
    unsigned char *s;
    int auth_attempts = 0;

retry_auth:
    auth_attempts++;

    if(session->userauth_pblc_state == libssh2_NB_state_idle) {

        /*
         * The call to _libssh2_ntohu32 later relies on pubkeydata having at
         * least 4 valid bytes containing the length of the method name.
         */
        if(pubkeydata_len < 4)
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_PUBLICKEY_UNVERIFIED,
                                  "Invalid public key, too short");

        /* Zero the whole thing out */
        memset(&session->userauth_pblc_packet_requirev_state, 0,
               sizeof(session->userauth_pblc_packet_requirev_state));

        /*
         * As an optimisation, userauth_publickey_fromfile reuses a
         * previously allocated copy of the method name to avoid an extra
         * allocation/free.
         * For other uses, we allocate and populate it here.
         */
        if(!session->userauth_pblc_method) {
            session->userauth_pblc_method_len = _libssh2_ntohu32(pubkeydata);

            if(session->userauth_pblc_method_len > pubkeydata_len - 4)
                /* the method length cannot be longer than the entire passed
                   in data, so we use this to detect crazy input data */
                return _libssh2_error(session,
                                      LIBSSH2_ERROR_PUBLICKEY_UNVERIFIED,
                                      "Invalid public key");

            session->userauth_pblc_method =
                LIBSSH2_ALLOC(session, session->userauth_pblc_method_len);
            if(!session->userauth_pblc_method) {
                return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_ALLOC,
                                      "Unable to allocate memory "
                                      "for public key data");
            }
            memcpy(session->userauth_pblc_method, pubkeydata + 4,
                   session->userauth_pblc_method_len);
        }

        /* upgrade key signing algo if it is supported and
         * it is our first auth attempt, otherwise fallback to
         * the key default algo */
        if(auth_attempts == 1) {
            rc = _libssh2_key_sign_algorithm(session,
                                           &session->userauth_pblc_method,
                                           &session->userauth_pblc_method_len);

            if(rc)
                return rc;
        }

        if(session->userauth_pblc_method_len &&
           session->userauth_pblc_method) {
            _libssh2_debug((session,
                           LIBSSH2_TRACE_KEX,
                           "Signing using %.*s",
                           (int)session->userauth_pblc_method_len,
                           session->userauth_pblc_method));
        }

        /*
         * 45 = packet_type(1) + username_len(4) + servicename_len(4) +
         * service_name(14)"ssh-connection" + authmethod_len(4) +
         * authmethod(9)"publickey" + sig_included(1)'\0' + algmethod_len(4) +
         * publickey_len(4)
         */
        session->userauth_pblc_packet_len =
            username_len + session->userauth_pblc_method_len + pubkeydata_len +
            45;

        /*
         * Preallocate space for an overall length, method name again, and the
         * signature, which won't be any larger than the size of the
         * publickeydata itself.
         *
         * Note that the 'pubkeydata_len' extra bytes allocated here will not
         * be used in this first send, but will be used in the later one where
         * this same allocation is re-used.
         */
        s = session->userauth_pblc_packet =
            LIBSSH2_ALLOC(session,
                          session->userauth_pblc_packet_len + 4 +
                          (4 + session->userauth_pblc_method_len)
                          + (4 + pubkeydata_len));
        if(!session->userauth_pblc_packet) {
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_method);
            session->userauth_pblc_method = NULL;
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_ALLOC,
                                  "Out of memory");
        }

        *s++ = SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST;
        _libssh2_store_str(&s, username, username_len);
        _libssh2_store_str(&s, "ssh-connection", 14);
        _libssh2_store_str(&s, "publickey", 9);

        session->userauth_pblc_b = s;
        /* Not sending signature with *this* packet */
        *s++ = 0;

        _libssh2_store_str(&s, (const char *)session->userauth_pblc_method,
                           session->userauth_pblc_method_len);
        _libssh2_store_str(&s, (const char *)pubkeydata, pubkeydata_len);

        _libssh2_debug((session, LIBSSH2_TRACE_AUTH,
                       "Attempting publickey authentication"));

        session->userauth_pblc_state = libssh2_NB_state_created;
    }

    if(session->userauth_pblc_state == libssh2_NB_state_created) {
        rc = _libssh2_transport_send(session, session->userauth_pblc_packet,
                                     session->userauth_pblc_packet_len,
                                     NULL, 0);
        if(rc == LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN)
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN,
                                  "Would block");
        else if(rc) {
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_packet);
            session->userauth_pblc_packet = NULL;
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_method);
            session->userauth_pblc_method = NULL;
            session->userauth_pblc_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_SOCKET_SEND,
                                  "Unable to send userauth-publickey request");
        }

        session->userauth_pblc_state = libssh2_NB_state_sent;
    }

    if(session->userauth_pblc_state == libssh2_NB_state_sent) {
        rc = _libssh2_packet_requirev(session, reply_codes,
                                      &session->userauth_pblc_data,
                                      &session->userauth_pblc_data_len, 0,
                                      NULL, 0,
                                      &session->
                                      userauth_pblc_packet_requirev_state);
        if(rc == LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN) {
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN,
                                  "Would block");
        }
        else if(rc || (session->userauth_pblc_data_len < 1)) {
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_packet);
            session->userauth_pblc_packet = NULL;
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_method);
            session->userauth_pblc_method = NULL;
            session->userauth_pblc_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_PUBLICKEY_UNVERIFIED,
                                  "Waiting for USERAUTH response");
        }

        if(session->userauth_pblc_data[0] == SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS) {
            _libssh2_debug((session, LIBSSH2_TRACE_AUTH,
                           "Pubkey authentication prematurely successful"));
            /*
             * God help any SSH server that allows an UNVERIFIED
             * public key to validate the user
             */
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_data);
            session->userauth_pblc_data = NULL;
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_packet);
            session->userauth_pblc_packet = NULL;
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_method);
            session->userauth_pblc_method = NULL;
            session->state |= LIBSSH2_STATE_AUTHENTICATED;
            session->userauth_pblc_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
            return 0;
        }

        if(session->userauth_pblc_data[0] == SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE) {
            /* This public key is not allowed for this user on this server */
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_data);
            session->userauth_pblc_data = NULL;
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_packet);
            session->userauth_pblc_packet = NULL;
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_method);
            session->userauth_pblc_method = NULL;
            session->userauth_pblc_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED,
                                  "Username/PublicKey combination invalid");
        }

        /* Semi-Success! */
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_data);
        session->userauth_pblc_data = NULL;

        *session->userauth_pblc_b = 0x01;
        session->userauth_pblc_state = libssh2_NB_state_sent1;
    }

    if(session->userauth_pblc_state == libssh2_NB_state_sent1) {
        unsigned char *buf;
        unsigned char *sig;
        size_t sig_len;

        s = buf = LIBSSH2_ALLOC(session, 4 + session->session_id_len
                                + session->userauth_pblc_packet_len);
        if(!buf) {
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_ALLOC,
                                  "Unable to allocate memory for "
                                  "userauth-publickey signed data");
        }

        _libssh2_store_str(&s, (const char *)session->session_id,
                           session->session_id_len);

        memcpy(s, session->userauth_pblc_packet,
               session->userauth_pblc_packet_len);
        s += session->userauth_pblc_packet_len;

        rc = sign_callback(session, &sig, &sig_len, buf, s - buf, abstract);
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, buf);
        if(rc == LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN) {
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN,
                                  "Would block");
        }
        else if(rc == LIBSSH2_ERROR_ALGO_UNSUPPORTED && auth_attempts == 1) {
            /* try again with the default key algo */
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_method);
            session->userauth_pblc_method = NULL;
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_packet);
            session->userauth_pblc_packet = NULL;
            session->userauth_pblc_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;

            rc = LIBSSH2_ERROR_NONE;
            goto retry_auth;
        }
        else if(rc) {
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_method);
            session->userauth_pblc_method = NULL;
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_packet);
            session->userauth_pblc_packet = NULL;
            session->userauth_pblc_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_PUBLICKEY_UNVERIFIED,
                                  "Callback returned error");
        }

        /*
         * If this function was restarted, pubkeydata_len might still be 0
         * which will cause an unnecessary but harmless realloc here.
         */
        if(sig_len > pubkeydata_len) {
            unsigned char *newpacket;
            /* Should *NEVER* happen, but...well.. better safe than sorry */
            newpacket = LIBSSH2_REALLOC(session,
                                        session->userauth_pblc_packet,
                                        session->userauth_pblc_packet_len + 4 +
                                        (4 + session->userauth_pblc_method_len)
                                        + (4 + sig_len)); /* PK sigblob */
            if(!newpacket) {
                LIBSSH2_FREE(session, sig);
                LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_packet);
                session->userauth_pblc_packet = NULL;
                LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_method);
                session->userauth_pblc_method = NULL;
                session->userauth_pblc_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
                return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_ALLOC,
                                      "Failed allocating additional space for "
                                      "userauth-publickey packet");
            }
            session->userauth_pblc_packet = newpacket;
        }

        s = session->userauth_pblc_packet + session->userauth_pblc_packet_len;
        session->userauth_pblc_b = NULL;

        session->userauth_pblc_method_len =
            plain_method((char *)session->userauth_pblc_method,
                         session->userauth_pblc_method_len);

        if(strncmp((const char *)session->userauth_pblc_method,
                   "sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com",
                   session->userauth_pblc_method_len) == 0 ||
           strncmp((const char *)session->userauth_pblc_method,
                   "sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com",
                   session->userauth_pblc_method_len) == 0) {
            _libssh2_store_u32(&s,
                             (uint32_t)(4 + session->userauth_pblc_method_len +
                                        sig_len));
            _libssh2_store_str(&s, (const char *)session->userauth_pblc_method,
                               session->userauth_pblc_method_len);
            memcpy(s, sig, sig_len);
            s += sig_len;
        }
        else {
            _libssh2_store_u32(&s,
                             (uint32_t)(4 + session->userauth_pblc_method_len +
                                        4 + sig_len));
            _libssh2_store_str(&s, (const char *)session->userauth_pblc_method,
                               session->userauth_pblc_method_len);
            _libssh2_store_str(&s, (const char *)sig, sig_len);
        }

        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_method);
        session->userauth_pblc_method = NULL;

        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, sig);

        _libssh2_debug((session, LIBSSH2_TRACE_AUTH,
                       "Attempting publickey authentication -- phase 2"));

        session->userauth_pblc_s = s;
        session->userauth_pblc_state = libssh2_NB_state_sent2;
    }

    if(session->userauth_pblc_state == libssh2_NB_state_sent2) {
        rc = _libssh2_transport_send(session, session->userauth_pblc_packet,
                                     session->userauth_pblc_s -
                                     session->userauth_pblc_packet,
                                     NULL, 0);
        if(rc == LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN) {
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN,
                                  "Would block");
        }
        else if(rc) {
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_packet);
            session->userauth_pblc_packet = NULL;
            session->userauth_pblc_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_SOCKET_SEND,
                                  "Unable to send userauth-publickey request");
        }
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_packet);
        session->userauth_pblc_packet = NULL;

        session->userauth_pblc_state = libssh2_NB_state_sent3;
    }

    /* PK_OK is no longer valid */
    reply_codes[2] = 0;

    rc = _libssh2_packet_requirev(session, reply_codes,
                               &session->userauth_pblc_data,
                               &session->userauth_pblc_data_len, 0, NULL, 0,
                               &session->userauth_pblc_packet_requirev_state);
    if(rc == LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN) {
        return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN,
                              "Would block requesting userauth list");
    }
    else if(rc || session->userauth_pblc_data_len < 1) {
        session->userauth_pblc_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
        return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_PUBLICKEY_UNVERIFIED,
                              "Waiting for publickey USERAUTH response");
    }

    if(session->userauth_pblc_data[0] == SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS) {
        _libssh2_debug((session, LIBSSH2_TRACE_AUTH,
                       "Publickey authentication successful"));
        /* We are us and we've proved it. */
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_data);
        session->userauth_pblc_data = NULL;
        session->state |= LIBSSH2_STATE_AUTHENTICATED;
        session->userauth_pblc_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
        return 0;
    }

    /* This public key is not allowed for this user on this server */
    LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_pblc_data);
    session->userauth_pblc_data = NULL;
    session->userauth_pblc_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
    return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_PUBLICKEY_UNVERIFIED,
                          "Invalid signature for supplied public key, or bad "
                          "username/public key combination");
}

/*
 * userauth_publickey_frommemory
 * Authenticate using a keypair from memory
 */
static int
userauth_publickey_frommemory(LIBSSH2_SESSION *session,
                              const char *username,
                              size_t username_len,
                              const char *publickeydata,
                              size_t publickeydata_len,
                              const char *privatekeydata,
                              size_t privatekeydata_len,
                              const char *passphrase)
{
    unsigned char *pubkeydata = NULL;
    size_t pubkeydata_len = 0;
    struct privkey_mem privkey_mem;
    void *abstract = &privkey_mem;
    int rc;

    privkey_mem.data = privatekeydata;
    privkey_mem.data_len = privatekeydata_len;
    privkey_mem.passphrase = passphrase;

    if(session->userauth_pblc_state == libssh2_NB_state_idle) {
        if(publickeydata_len && publickeydata) {
            rc = memory_read_publickey(session, &session->userauth_pblc_method,
                                       &session->userauth_pblc_method_len,
                                       &pubkeydata, &pubkeydata_len,
                                       publickeydata, publickeydata_len);
            if(rc)
                return rc;
        }
        else if(privatekeydata_len && privatekeydata) {
            /* Compute public key from private key. */
            rc = _libssh2_pub_priv_keyfilememory(session,
                                            &session->userauth_pblc_method,
                                            &session->userauth_pblc_method_len,
                                            &pubkeydata, &pubkeydata_len,
                                            privatekeydata, privatekeydata_len,
                                            passphrase);
            if(rc)
                return rc;
        }
        else {
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_FILE,
                                  "Invalid data in public and private key.");
        }
    }

    rc = _libssh2_userauth_publickey(session, username, username_len,
                                     pubkeydata, pubkeydata_len,
                                     sign_frommemory, &abstract);
    if(pubkeydata)
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, pubkeydata);

    return rc;
}

/*
 * userauth_publickey_fromfile
 * Authenticate using a keypair found in the named files
 */
static int
userauth_publickey_fromfile(LIBSSH2_SESSION *session,
                            const char *username,
                            size_t username_len,
                            const char *publickey,
                            const char *privatekey,
                            const char *passphrase)
{
    unsigned char *pubkeydata = NULL;
    size_t pubkeydata_len = 0;
    struct privkey_file privkey_file;
    void *abstract = &privkey_file;
    int rc;

    privkey_file.filename = privatekey;
    privkey_file.passphrase = passphrase;

    if(session->userauth_pblc_state == libssh2_NB_state_idle) {
        if(publickey) {
            rc = file_read_publickey(session, &session->userauth_pblc_method,
                                     &session->userauth_pblc_method_len,
                                     &pubkeydata, &pubkeydata_len, publickey);
            if(rc)
                return rc;
        }
        else {
            /* Compute public key from private key. */
            rc = _libssh2_pub_priv_keyfile(session,
                                           &session->userauth_pblc_method,
                                           &session->userauth_pblc_method_len,
                                           &pubkeydata, &pubkeydata_len,
                                           privatekey, passphrase);

            /* _libssh2_pub_priv_keyfile calls _libssh2_error() */
            if(rc)
                return rc;
        }
    }

    rc = _libssh2_userauth_publickey(session, username, username_len,
                                     pubkeydata, pubkeydata_len,
                                     sign_fromfile, &abstract);
    if(pubkeydata)
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, pubkeydata);

    return rc;
}

/* libssh2_userauth_publickey_frommemory
 * Authenticate using a keypair from memory
 */
LIBSSH2_API int
libssh2_userauth_publickey_frommemory(LIBSSH2_SESSION *session,
                                      const char *user,
                                      size_t user_len,
                                      const char *publickeyfiledata,
                                      size_t publickeyfiledata_len,
                                      const char *privatekeyfiledata,
                                      size_t privatekeyfiledata_len,
                                      const char *passphrase)
{
    int rc;

    if(!passphrase)
        /* if given a NULL pointer, make it point to a zero-length
           string to save us from having to check this all over */
        passphrase = "";

    BLOCK_ADJUST(rc, session,
                 userauth_publickey_frommemory(session, user, user_len,
                                               publickeyfiledata,
                                               publickeyfiledata_len,
                                               privatekeyfiledata,
                                               privatekeyfiledata_len,
                                               passphrase));
    return rc;
}

/* libssh2_userauth_publickey_fromfile_ex
 * Authenticate using a keypair found in the named files
 */
LIBSSH2_API int
libssh2_userauth_publickey_fromfile_ex(LIBSSH2_SESSION *session,
                                       const char *user,
                                       unsigned int user_len,
                                       const char *publickey,
                                       const char *privatekey,
                                       const char *passphrase)
{
    int rc;

    if(!passphrase)
        /* if given a NULL pointer, make it point to a zero-length
           string to save us from having to check this all over */
        passphrase = "";

    BLOCK_ADJUST(rc, session,
                 userauth_publickey_fromfile(session, user, user_len,
                                             publickey, privatekey,
                                             passphrase));
    return rc;
}

/* libssh2_userauth_publickey_ex
 * Authenticate using an external callback function
 */
LIBSSH2_API int
libssh2_userauth_publickey(LIBSSH2_SESSION *session,
                           const char *user,
                           const unsigned char *pubkeydata,
                           size_t pubkeydata_len,
                           LIBSSH2_USERAUTH_PUBLICKEY_SIGN_FUNC
                               ((*sign_callback)),
                           void **abstract)
{
    int rc;

    if(!session)
        return LIBSSH2_ERROR_BAD_USE;

    BLOCK_ADJUST(rc, session,
                 _libssh2_userauth_publickey(session, user, strlen(user),
                                             pubkeydata, pubkeydata_len,
                                             sign_callback, abstract));
    return rc;
}



/*
 * userauth_keyboard_interactive
 *
 * Authenticate using a challenge-response authentication
 */
static int
userauth_keyboard_interactive(LIBSSH2_SESSION * session,
                              const char *username,
                              unsigned int username_len,
                              LIBSSH2_USERAUTH_KBDINT_RESPONSE_FUNC
                                  ((*response_callback)))
{
    unsigned char *s;

    int rc;

    static const unsigned char reply_codes[4] = {
        SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS,
        SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE, SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_REQUEST, 0
    };
    unsigned int i;

    if(session->userauth_kybd_state == libssh2_NB_state_idle) {
        session->userauth_kybd_auth_name = NULL;
        session->userauth_kybd_auth_instruction = NULL;
        session->userauth_kybd_num_prompts = 0;
        session->userauth_kybd_auth_failure = 1;
        session->userauth_kybd_prompts = NULL;
        session->userauth_kybd_responses = NULL;

        /* Zero the whole thing out */
        memset(&session->userauth_kybd_packet_requirev_state, 0,
               sizeof(session->userauth_kybd_packet_requirev_state));

        session->userauth_kybd_packet_len =
            1                   /* byte    SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST */
            + 4 + username_len  /* string  user name (ISO-10646 UTF-8, as
                                   defined in [RFC-3629]) */
            + 4 + 14            /* string  service name (US-ASCII) */
            + 4 + 20            /* string  "keyboard-interactive" (US-ASCII) */
            + 4 + 0             /* string  language tag (as defined in
                                   [RFC-3066]) */
            + 4 + 0             /* string  submethods (ISO-10646 UTF-8) */
            ;

        session->userauth_kybd_data = s =
            LIBSSH2_ALLOC(session, session->userauth_kybd_packet_len);
        if(!s) {
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_ALLOC,
                                  "Unable to allocate memory for "
                                  "keyboard-interactive authentication");
        }

        *s++ = SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST;

        /* user name */
        _libssh2_store_str(&s, username, username_len);

        /* service name */
        _libssh2_store_str(&s, "ssh-connection", sizeof("ssh-connection") - 1);

        /* "keyboard-interactive" */
        _libssh2_store_str(&s, "keyboard-interactive",
                           sizeof("keyboard-interactive") - 1);
        /* language tag */
        _libssh2_store_u32(&s, 0);

        /* submethods */
        _libssh2_store_u32(&s, 0);

        _libssh2_debug((session, LIBSSH2_TRACE_AUTH,
                       "Attempting keyboard-interactive authentication"));

        session->userauth_kybd_state = libssh2_NB_state_created;
    }

    if(session->userauth_kybd_state == libssh2_NB_state_created) {
        rc = _libssh2_transport_send(session, session->userauth_kybd_data,
                                     session->userauth_kybd_packet_len,
                                     NULL, 0);
        if(rc == LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN) {
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN,
                                  "Would block");
        }
        else if(rc) {
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_kybd_data);
            session->userauth_kybd_data = NULL;
            session->userauth_kybd_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_SOCKET_SEND,
                                  "Unable to send keyboard-interactive"
                                  " request");
        }
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_kybd_data);
        session->userauth_kybd_data = NULL;

        session->userauth_kybd_state = libssh2_NB_state_sent;
    }

    for(;;) {
        if(session->userauth_kybd_state == libssh2_NB_state_sent) {
            rc = _libssh2_packet_requirev(session, reply_codes,
                                          &session->userauth_kybd_data,
                                          &session->userauth_kybd_data_len,
                                          0, NULL, 0,
                                          &session->
                                          userauth_kybd_packet_requirev_state);
            if(rc == LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN) {
                return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN,
                                      "Would block");
            }
            else if(rc || session->userauth_kybd_data_len < 1) {
                session->userauth_kybd_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
                return _libssh2_error(session,
                                      LIBSSH2_ERROR_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED,
                                      "Waiting for keyboard "
                                      "USERAUTH response");
            }

            if(session->userauth_kybd_data[0] == SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS) {
                _libssh2_debug((session, LIBSSH2_TRACE_AUTH,
                               "Keyboard-interactive "
                               "authentication successful"));
                LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_kybd_data);
                session->userauth_kybd_data = NULL;
                session->state |= LIBSSH2_STATE_AUTHENTICATED;
                session->userauth_kybd_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
                return 0;
            }

            if(session->userauth_kybd_data[0] == SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE) {
                _libssh2_debug((session, LIBSSH2_TRACE_AUTH,
                               "Keyboard-interactive authentication failed"));
                LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_kybd_data);
                session->userauth_kybd_data = NULL;
                session->userauth_kybd_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
                return _libssh2_error(session,
                                      LIBSSH2_ERROR_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED,
                                      "Authentication failed "
                                      "(keyboard-interactive)");
            }

            /* server requested PAM-like conversation */
            if(userauth_keyboard_interactive_decode_info_request(session)
               < 0) {
                goto cleanup;
            }

            response_callback((const char *)session->userauth_kybd_auth_name,
                              (int)session->userauth_kybd_auth_name_len,
                              (const char *)
                              session->userauth_kybd_auth_instruction,
                              (int)session->userauth_kybd_auth_instruction_len,
                              session->userauth_kybd_num_prompts,
                              session->userauth_kybd_prompts,
                              session->userauth_kybd_responses,
                              &session->abstract);

            _libssh2_debug((session, LIBSSH2_TRACE_AUTH,
                           "Keyboard-interactive response callback function"
                           " invoked"));

            session->userauth_kybd_packet_len =
                1    /* byte      SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_RESPONSE */
                + 4  /* int       num-responses */
                ;

            for(i = 0; i < session->userauth_kybd_num_prompts; i++) {
                /* string    response[1] (ISO-10646 UTF-8) */
                if(session->userauth_kybd_responses[i].length <=
                   (SIZE_MAX - 4 - session->userauth_kybd_packet_len)) {
                    session->userauth_kybd_packet_len +=
                        4 + (size_t)session->userauth_kybd_responses[i].length;
                }
                else {
                    _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_ALLOC,
                                   "Unable to allocate memory for keyboard-"
                                   "interactive response packet");
                    goto cleanup;
                }
            }

            /* A new userauth_kybd_data area is to be allocated, free the
               former one. */
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_kybd_data);

            session->userauth_kybd_data = s =
                LIBSSH2_ALLOC(session, session->userauth_kybd_packet_len);
            if(!s) {
                _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_ALLOC,
                               "Unable to allocate memory for keyboard-"
                               "interactive response packet");
                goto cleanup;
            }

            *s = SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_RESPONSE;
            s++;
            _libssh2_store_u32(&s, session->userauth_kybd_num_prompts);

            for(i = 0; i < session->userauth_kybd_num_prompts; i++) {
                _libssh2_store_str(&s,
                                   session->userauth_kybd_responses[i].text,
                                   session->userauth_kybd_responses[i].length);
            }

            session->userauth_kybd_state = libssh2_NB_state_sent1;
        }

        if(session->userauth_kybd_state == libssh2_NB_state_sent1) {
            rc = _libssh2_transport_send(session, session->userauth_kybd_data,
                                         session->userauth_kybd_packet_len,
                                         NULL, 0);
            if(rc == LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN)
                return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN,
                                      "Would block");
            if(rc) {
                _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_SOCKET_SEND,
                               "Unable to send userauth-keyboard-interactive"
                               " request");
                goto cleanup;
            }

            session->userauth_kybd_auth_failure = 0;
        }

cleanup:
        /*
         * It's safe to clean all the data here, because unallocated pointers
         * are filled by zeroes
         */

        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_kybd_data);
        session->userauth_kybd_data = NULL;

        if(session->userauth_kybd_prompts) {
            for(i = 0; i < session->userauth_kybd_num_prompts; i++) {
                LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_kybd_prompts[i].text);
                session->userauth_kybd_prompts[i].text = NULL;
            }
        }

        if(session->userauth_kybd_responses) {
            for(i = 0; i < session->userauth_kybd_num_prompts; i++) {
                LIBSSH2_FREE(session,
                             session->userauth_kybd_responses[i].text);
                session->userauth_kybd_responses[i].text = NULL;
            }
        }

        if(session->userauth_kybd_prompts) {
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_kybd_prompts);
            session->userauth_kybd_prompts = NULL;
        }
        if(session->userauth_kybd_responses) {
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_kybd_responses);
            session->userauth_kybd_responses = NULL;
        }
        if(session->userauth_kybd_auth_name) {
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_kybd_auth_name);
            session->userauth_kybd_auth_name = NULL;
        }
        if(session->userauth_kybd_auth_instruction) {
            LIBSSH2_FREE(session, session->userauth_kybd_auth_instruction);
            session->userauth_kybd_auth_instruction = NULL;
        }

        if(session->userauth_kybd_auth_failure) {
            session->userauth_kybd_state = libssh2_NB_state_idle;
            return -1;
        }

        session->userauth_kybd_state = libssh2_NB_state_sent;
    }
}

/*
 * libssh2_userauth_keyboard_interactive_ex
 *
 * Authenticate using a challenge-response authentication
 */
LIBSSH2_API int
libssh2_userauth_keyboard_interactive_ex(LIBSSH2_SESSION *session,
                                         const char *user,
                                         unsigned int user_len,
                                         LIBSSH2_USERAUTH_KBDINT_RESPONSE_FUNC
                                             ((*response_callback)))
{
    int rc;
    BLOCK_ADJUST(rc, session,
                 userauth_keyboard_interactive(session, user, user_len,
                                               response_callback));
    return rc;
}

/*
 * libssh2_userauth_publickey_sk
 *
 * Authenticate using an external callback function
 */
LIBSSH2_API int
libssh2_userauth_publickey_sk(LIBSSH2_SESSION *session,
                              const char *username,
                              size_t username_len,
                              const unsigned char *publickeydata,
                              size_t publickeydata_len,
                              const char *privatekeydata,
                              size_t privatekeydata_len,
                              const char *passphrase,
                              LIBSSH2_USERAUTH_SK_SIGN_FUNC
                                  ((*sign_callback)),
                              void **abstract)
{
    int rc = LIBSSH2_ERROR_NONE;

    unsigned char *tmp_method = NULL;
    size_t tmp_method_len = 0;

    unsigned char *tmp_publickeydata = NULL;
    size_t tmp_publickeydata_len = 0;

    unsigned char *pubkeydata = NULL;
    size_t pubkeydata_len = 0;

    LIBSSH2_PRIVKEY_SK sk_info = { 0 };
    void *sign_abstract = &sk_info;

    sk_info.sign_callback = sign_callback;
    sk_info.orig_abstract = abstract;

    if(privatekeydata_len && privatekeydata) {

        if(_libssh2_sk_pub_keyfilememory(session,
                                         &tmp_method,
                                         &tmp_method_len,
                                         &tmp_publickeydata,
                                         &tmp_publickeydata_len,
                                         &(sk_info.algorithm),
                                         &(sk_info.flags),
                                         &(sk_info.application),
                                         &(sk_info.key_handle),
                                         &(sk_info.handle_len),
                                         privatekeydata, privatekeydata_len,
                                         passphrase)) {
            return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_FILE,
                                  "Unable to extract public key "
                                  "from private key.");
        }
        else if(publickeydata_len == 0 || !publickeydata) {
            session->userauth_pblc_method = tmp_method;
            session->userauth_pblc_method_len = tmp_method_len;

            pubkeydata_len = tmp_publickeydata_len;
            pubkeydata = tmp_publickeydata;
        }
        else {
            const char *ecdsa = "sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com";
            const char *ed25519 = "sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com";

            if(tmp_method) {
                LIBSSH2_FREE(session, tmp_method);
            }

            if(!strncmp((char *)publickeydata, ecdsa, strlen(ecdsa))) {
                session->userauth_pblc_method_len = strlen(ecdsa);
                session->userauth_pblc_method =
                    LIBSSH2_ALLOC(session, session->userauth_pblc_method_len);

                memcpy(session->userauth_pblc_method, ecdsa,
                       session->userauth_pblc_method_len);
            }
            else if(!strncmp((char *)publickeydata, ed25519,
                             strlen(ed25519))) {
                session->userauth_pblc_method_len = strlen(ed25519);
                session->userauth_pblc_method =
                    LIBSSH2_ALLOC(session, session->userauth_pblc_method_len);

                memcpy(session->userauth_pblc_method, ed25519,
                       session->userauth_pblc_method_len);
            }

            rc = memory_read_publickey(session,
                                       &session->userauth_pblc_method,
                                       &session->userauth_pblc_method_len,
                                       &pubkeydata, &pubkeydata_len,
                                       (char *)publickeydata,
                                       publickeydata_len);
        }
    }
    else {
        return _libssh2_error(session, LIBSSH2_ERROR_FILE,
                              "Invalid data in public and private key.");
    }

    if(rc == LIBSSH2_ERROR_NONE) {
        rc = _libssh2_userauth_publickey(session, username, username_len,
                                         pubkeydata, pubkeydata_len,
                                         libssh2_sign_sk, &sign_abstract);

        while(rc == LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN) {
            rc = _libssh2_userauth_publickey(session, username, username_len,
                                             pubkeydata, pubkeydata_len,
                                             libssh2_sign_sk, &sign_abstract);
        }
    }

    if(tmp_publickeydata)
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, tmp_publickeydata);

    if(sk_info.application) {
        LIBSSH2_FREE(session, (void *)sk_info.application);
    }

    return rc;
}