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NEWS
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G. Branden Robinson
Update for groff 1.25.0.rc2.
02 авг 2026, 04:17
02 авг 2026, 04:177af52a0
    Copyright 1992-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
              2018-2026 G. Branden Robinson
                   2022 Ingo Schwarze

    Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
    are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
    notice and this notice are preserved.

This file describes recent user-visible changes in groff.  Bug fixes are
not described.  There are more details in the man and info pages.

VERSION 1.25.0 release candidate 2
==================================

troff
-----

*  GNU troff, the formatter, now employs the unusual Roman numerals "W"
   and "Z" of AT&T troff only in compatibility mode.

*  The `dt` request, when given invalid arguments, now does nothing
   instead of removing any existing diversion trap.  This change is
   inconsistent with AT&T troff but more consistent with general *roff
   syntax; as a rule, requests given invalid arguments (and that don't
   process a list of similar objects, as `rm` and `rr` do) perform no
   operation.  (However, see "Other differences" in groff_diff(7) or
   groff's Texinfo manual regarding `rm` and `rr` request behavior that
   is discrepant among various troffs.)

*  The `dt` and `wh` requests now enforce their requirement of space
   between their arguments.  While consistent with GNU troff input
   syntax, said enforcement is not consistent with AT&T troff.  We did
   not add support in groff's AT&T troff compatibility mode because
   we're aware of no legacy documents that require it.  Example:
   `.wh9i+.5+\n(xxuPT` is, while validly planting a trap for the `PT`
   macro in AT&T troff, an input considerably more cryptic than any
   specimens known to us.

*  The formatter now enables the "delim", "syntax", and "escape" warning
   categories by default.

*  The `trf` (transparent file throughput) request now discards input
   characters that are invalid in GNU troff's output format, meaning all
   character codes less than decimal 32 (except 10, the line feed) and
   greater than decimal 127.

*  A new read-only register `.ul` reports the count of productive input
   lines remaining to be be underlined in the environment (as configured
   by either the `cu` or `ul` requests).

*  The formatter supports a new warning category, "style".  It is used
   to diagnose input that is non-idiomatic or likely to produce an
   unexpected result (or none at all), but is not invalid.

*  When issuing warning diagnostic messages, GNU troff now reports the
   warning category governing its emission.  This change is to make it
   easier for users to select warnings of interest.

*  When the `substring` request is given two index arguments whose
   magnitudes both exceed the operand string, macro, or diversion's
   length, it now ignores the request (and issues a warning in category
   "range"), leaving the operand (first request argument) unchanged
   instead of emptying it.

*  When the `ti` request is given no arguments, the formatter now
   cancels any pending temporary indentation.  (Formerly, it did nothing
   in any troff, except, in GNU troff, issuing a warning in category
   "missing".)

*  The `phw` request now accepts arguments.  Each is interpreted as a
   possible hyphenation word (ignoring hyphens in the input), looked
   up in the hyphenation exception list for the hyphenation language,
   and if found, is reported with its hyphenation points.  Only
   hyphenation exceptions defined by the `hw` request are reported.

*  The `pwh` request, when invoked while the diversion is not the
   top-level diversion, now reports the name and location of any
   configured diversion trap instead of reporting nothing.

*  A new request, `rhw`, removes user-defined hyphenation exception
   words from the current hyphenation language's list thereof.  Those
   supplied by files like "tmac/hyphenex.{cs,en,pl}" are retained.

*  The built-in, read-only register `.zoom` is now named `.fzoom` for
   consistency with other GNU troff extensions, which largely pair
   names of requests with those of read-only registers they affect.  The
   old name remains as an alias configured by the default "troffrc"
   file.

grn
---

*  The `-M` command-line option is renamed to `-I`, better paralleling
   troff(1).  Inclusions are not the same things as macro file
   resources.  The program accepts `-L` (the original Berkeley name for
   this option), and `-M` (groff grn prior to this point) synonymously.

groff
-----

*  groff now passes `-I` options as-is to grn(1), instead of translating
   the option name to `-M`.

*  groff's `-I` option no longer implies `-g` or `-s`; if your document
   needs to be piped through grn(1) and/or soelim(1), specify the
   foregoing options as appropriate.

pic
---

*  groff's pic(1) manual, "Making Pictures With GNU PIC", is now built
   and installed as a PDF rather than a PostScript document.  Thanks to
   Deri James.

Macro packages
--------------

*  The an (man) package offers new macros to ease the formatting of
   lists.  Enclose paragraphing macros between `LS` and `LE` to identify
   them as list items.  Doing so can mark them as "compact", ease
   management of their indentation, and supply hints to the output
   driver to improve their rendering (as with HTML).  Lists can be
   nested.  (Sub)sectioning macro calls, and the end of the document,
   close all open lists.  See groff_man(7) for details, and
   groff_man_style(7) for an example.  Thanks to Alex Colomar, Chet
   Ramey, P�draig Brady, and Stephen Gildea for consultation and
   encouragement, and to Alex for selecting these macros' names.

   Because these macros format no text, documents employing them risk no
   damage to their content if the formatter does not support them.  A
   man(7) document author can choose either to transition to these
   macros, to manage list "compactness" and item indentation with
   existing man(7) package facilities, or to employ both approaches.

*  The m (mm) macro package's `IA` and `WA` macros--used only with the
   "letter" document type configured by calling the `LT` macro--no
   longer disable the escape character, and their counterparts `IE` and
   `WE` no longer re�nable it.  This change makes groff mm consistent
   with DWB 3.3 mm.  If you require the previous groff mm behavior,
   consider writing and using wrapper macros such as the following in
   your document.

   .de iA
   .IA
   .eo
   ..
   .de iE
   .ec
   .IE
   ..

   These macro definitions are harmlessly redundant when formatting such
   a document with an older version of groff mm.

*  The s (ms) macro package now supports PDF features.  Pass groff (or
   troff) the command-line option `-r PDFFEAT=1` to enable them when
   used with the "pdf" output device ("-T pdf").

   The PDF thus produced shows an overview bookmark panel or navigation
   pane (viewer application support allowing); the viewer's interface to
   document properties includes the document title and author(s), if
   specified by the `TL` and `AU` macros, respectively; if the document
   calls the package's `TC` macro, the table of contents entries it
   produces are hyperlinked to navigate the document (even if it does
   not use the `XN` macro introduced in groff 1.23.0); and if the
   document calls `RP` to configure a cover page, the table of contents
   relocates to follow it.

   The new macros `XM` and `XR` respectively anchor a location within
   the document and format text that hyperlinks to it, respectively.

   These changes were inspired by Keith Marshall's "spdf.tmac" which was
   withdrawn from groff in 1.24.0, but continues to be developed at:

      https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/groff-pdfmark/

   ...though groff ms(7) differs in some respects.  Our objective is to
   enable and support PDF features in any ms document without requiring
   its author to update its content.

   We welcome feedback on these extensions to the package's macro
   interface.  We expect to finalize these changes in a future release,
   and effectively default `PDFFEAT` "on".  Thanks to Deri James.

*  The s (ms) macro package now supports the use of automatically
   numbered footnote marks (interpolated via `\**` or `\*[*]`) in tbl(1)
   table entries.  Other implementations of ms do not.  Thanks to Deri
   James.

*  groff's ms(7) manual, "Using groff with the ms macros", is now built
   and installed as a PDF rather than a PostScript document.  Thanks to
   Deri James.

Miscellaneous
-------------

*  The new document "Groff PDF Features" is built and installed as a
   PDF.  It surveys the PDF features that groff enables and exposes in
   its full-service macro packages.  Thanks to Deri James.

*  The grn command now exits with status 2 instead of 8 on usage errors
   arising from missing arguments to command-line options.  It now exits
   with the POSIX standard `EXIT_FAILURE` status (1) instead of 8 when
   reading an unrecognized command keyword.

*  The 'configure' options '--{en,dis}able-groff-allocator' introduced
   in groff 1.23.0 are now deprecated.  `--disable-groff-allocator` has
   been implicit since that release, and we've received no reports of a
   C++ runtime unable to handle groff's demands on its heap/"free store"
   allocator.  We expect to withdraw these configuration options
   completely in groff 1.26.

*  You need the "convert" program from ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick to
   build groff from its Git repository.  The program is not required for
   builds from distribution archives.

*  Building groff from its Git repository now requires the
   `--enable-maintainer-mode` option to its 'configure' script.


VERSION 1.24.1
==============

This release corrects bugs in the groff 1.24.0 release, adds automated
test scripts, revises a misleading diagnostic message, and improves
documentation.  There are no new features.


VERSION 1.24.0
==============

Noteworthy incompatible changes
-------------------------------

*  If your roff(7) documents follow any of the requests `cf`, `hpf`,
   `hpfa`, `mso`, `msoquiet`, `nx`, `open`, `opena`, `so`, `soquiet`, or
   `trf` with a comment after their file name argument, and did not
   place that comment immediately after the file name, you are likely to
   get a diagnostic message resembling the following.

    warning: cannot open macro file 'e.tmac ': No such file or directory

   Or, less likely, the formatter will open the wrong file, one with
   spaces at the end of its name.  That is because these requests are
   now able to process file names containing space characters.  (This
   change also makes the request syntax consistent with that of `ds`,
   `as`, and others.)  A quick fix is to place the comment escape
   sequence as early as possible.  For example, we would change:

     .mso e.tmac \" Load Eric Allman's package.

   to:

     .mso e.tmac\" Load Eric Allman's package.

   to tell the formatter to load the "e.tmac" file rather than
   "e.tmac ".  See the items below for further details.

*  If your roff(7) documents specify a file name that starts with a
   neutral double quote (") to any of the requests `cf`, `hpf`,
   `hpfa`, `mso`, `msoquiet`, `nx`, `open`, `opena`, `so`, `soquiet`, or
   `trf`, you are likely to get a diagnostic message, or the formatter
   will open a file of the same name except for the leading neutral
   double quote.  That is because these requests are now able to process
   file names containing leading space characters.  (This change also
   makes the request syntax consistent with that of `ds`, `as`, and
   others.)  The solution is to add an additional neutral double quote
   to the start of the file name argument.  For example, we would
   change:

     .so "5150".lrc

   to:

     .so ""5150".lrc

   to tell the formatter to read a file named '"5150".lrc', where the
   neutral single quotes bracket the file name.

*  groff mdoc(7)'s font customization feature, undocumented but
   analogous to that of 4.4BSD mdoc, now expects the strings that
   designate font names to be precisely that: font _names_ (or abstract
   styles, or mounting positions), rather than arbitrary *roff syntax.
   (String interpolations remain acceptable, as long as what they
   interpolate is a valid argument to the `ft` request or `\f[xxx]`
   escape sequence.)

*  Support for terminal devices using the CCSID 1047 (EBCDIC) encoding
   has been withdrawn.  See below for motivation and a workaround.

troff
-----

*  troff now recognizes an -S option, which "locks" safer mode,
   rejecting any subsequent specification of -U on the command line with
   an error diagnostic.

*  The `cf` request is now disabled in safer mode; as with `pi` and
   `sy`, you must specify troff's "unsafe mode" option `-U` to use it.
   Alternatively, use the `trf` request, available since groff 0.6
   (circa 1990), to embed a file in GNU troff's output while discarding
   characters (most C0 and C1 controls) that are invalid as GNU troff
   input--and incidentally also undefined in GNU troff output.

*  The `hpfcode` request now emits an error when used, advising of its
   planned withdrawal, but then proceeds with normal behavior.  The
   documented replacement mechanism, the `hcode` request, has existed
   since groff 1.02 (June 1991) at the latest.

*  The `mso` request no longer attempts to open a macro file named, say,
   "tmac.s" if "s.tmac" was specified as the argument and not found, nor
   vice versa.  This feature was a convenience for some old AT&T troff
   installations, but few of those remain in the field, and of those
   that we know to survive, few use a macro file naming convention for
   which this feature is any help.  (DWB 3.3 and Solaris do not, and we
   think other System V troffs don't, either.  Only Plan 9 troff does.)
   `mso` now simply processes the macro search path for a file name
   matching the request argument, and succeeds or fails depending on an
   exact match.

   If you desire this functionality for portability (keeping in mind
   that `mso` is itself a groff extension), consider the following.

     .\" Load the ms package, whatever it might be named.
     .\" troffs without groff extensions must know its full path.
     .if !\n(.g .so /path/to/tmac.s
     .\" The following requests do nothing on non-GNU troffs.
     .do msoquiet s.tmac\" If file present, defines `LP` macro.
     .do if !d LP .msoquiet tmac.s

*  GNU troff no longer accepts nonpositive page lengths.  Attempting to
   set one with the `pl` request clamps the page length to the vertical
   motion quantum as `ll` does with the horizontal motion quantum in
   AT&T and GNU troffs.

*  GNU troff no longer accepts a newline as a delimiter for the
   parameterized escape sequences `\A`, `\b`, `\o`, `\w`, `\X`, and
   `\Z`.

*  GNU troff no longer accepts C0 controls or Latin-1 Supplement
   characters in identifiers.  We prohibit C0 controls to make the
   language less tolerant of unreadable input, and Latin-1 Supplement
   code points to enable us to pivot to reading UTF-8-encoded input in a
   future release.  (Thus, we plan for Latin-1 Supplement characters to
   again be accepted in identifiers, but only as components of multibyte
   UTF-8 sequences.)

*  The `color`, `cp`, `kern`, `linetabs`, and `vpt` requests now
   interpret arguments with negative values as instructions to disable
   the corresponding feature, using the *roff integer-to-Boolean
   conversion idiom instead of the C/C++ one.  Thus, if you invoke these
   requests with a register interpolation as an argument, the outcome
   agrees with an `if` test of the register's value.

*  GNU troff now implements saturating rather than wrapping integer
   arithmetic.  Where before overflow would cause an error diagnostic
   and abort evaluation of the expression, the formatter now emits a
   warning diagnostic in the "range" category and continues evaluation.

*  GNU troff now strips a leading neutral double quote from the argument
   to the `cf`, `hpf`, `hpfa`, `lf`, `mso`, `msoquiet`, `nx`, `pi`,
   `pso`, `so`, `soquiet`, `sy`, and `trf` requests, and the second
   argument to the `open` and `opena` requests, allowing it to contain
   embedded leading spaces.

*  GNU troff now accepts space characters in the argument to the `cf`,
   `hpf`, `hpfa`, `lf`, `mso`, `msoquiet`, `nx`, `so`, `soquiet`, and
   `trf` requests, and the second argument to the `open` and `opena`
   requests.  See "soelim" below.

*  The foregoing two changes make the syntax of the listed requests
   consistent with that of `ds`, `as`, and others that take arguments
   that the formatter reads to the next newline.

*  The "number" warning category has been withdrawn.  The diagnostic
   that formerly used it has been promoted to an error.

*  The "el" warning category has been withdrawn.  If enabled (which it
   was not by default), the formatter would emit a diagnostic if it
   inferred an imbalance between `ie` and `el` requests.  Unfortunately
   its technique wasn't reliable and sometimes spuriously issued these
   warnings, and making it perfectly reliable did not look tractable.
   We recommend using brace escape sequences `\{` and `\}` to ensure
   that your control flow structures remain maintainable.

*  The "right-brace" warning category has been withdrawn.  If enabled
   (which it was not by default), the formatter would emit a diagnostic
   in exactly one circumstance: when a numeric expression was expected
   (as, for instance, the second argument to an `nr` request) but a
   right brace escape sequence `\}` was encountered instead.  This
   diagnostic still issues, but it is now an error.

*  GNU troff now performs some limited processing/transformation of the
   argument to the `\X` escape sequence and its counterpart `device`
   request, to address the requirement that some documents have to pass
   metadata that must encode non-ASCII characters in device extension
   commands.  (For example, a document author may desire a document's
   section headings containing non-ASCII code points to appear correctly
   in PDF bookmarks.  Further, GNU troff encodes its output page
   description language only in ASCII.)  This change is expected to be
   of significance mainly to developers of output drivers for groff;
   groff_diff(7) describes the transformations.  If you have been using
   `\X` or `.device` to pass ASCII data to the output driver as a device
   extension command and require that it remain precisely as-is, use the
   `\!` escape sequence or `output` request, and prefix your data with
   "x X ", the device-independent troff means of expressing a device
   extension command (see groff_out(5)).

*  In nroff mode (in other words, when producing output for devices that
   claim to be terminals), the formatter now reports warning diagnostics
   regarding certain output problems using units of lines (vertically)
   and character cells [ens] (horizontally) instead of inches (or the
   unit configured with the `warnscale` request) to describe the drawing
   position where the problem occurred.

*  The device-independent page description language produced by GNU
   troff now reports unbreakable spaces (those produced with the `\~`
   escape sequence) as word boundaries with the documentary 'w' command,
   just as it does for regular breakable spaces.

*  A new request, `hydefault`, and read-only register, `.hydefault`,
   manage the default automatic hyphenation mode of an environment.
   This resolves a long-standing problem of *roff formatting.

     When processing input like this,
     .nh
     and we temporarily shut off automatic hyphenation,
     .hy
     the foregoing request would not do exactly what we expect.

   AT&T and other troffs apply a hyphenation mode of 1 to the final
   input line (and subsequent ones), rather than restoring the mode in
   use before the `nh` request.  Apart from overturning user
   expectations, for GNU troff "1" is not an appropriate mode for its
   English hyphenation patterns.  (For example, "alibi" would break as
   "ali-bi" instead of "al-ibi" after this argumentless `hy`
   invocation.)  With updates to groff's localization files accompanying
   this release, the foregoing input now works as desired.

*  A new read-only, string-valued register, `.trap`, interpolates the
   name of the next page location trap after the drawing position.

*  New registers `.it`, `.itc`, and `.itm` are available.  These
   read-only (and, in the case of `.itm`, string-valued) registers
   report the number of lines remaining in a pending input trap, a
   Boolean indication of whether that pending input trap honors output
   line continuation (cf. the `it` and `itc` requests), and the name of
   the macro associated with the pending input trap, respectively.

*  A new request, `pchar`, reports to the standard error stream details
   of any class or ordinary, special, or indexed character arguments.

*  A new request, `pcolor`, reports to the standard error stream details
   of each color name specified as an argument, including its color
   space identifier and channel value assignments.  Without arguments,
   all defined colors are listed.  (A device's default stroke and/or
   fill colors, "default", are not listed since they are immutable and
   their details unknown to the formatter.)

*  A new request, `pcomposite`, reports to the standard error stream the
   list of configured composite character mappings.

*  A new request, `pfp`, reports to the standard error stream the
   list of occupied font mounting positions and the corresponding
   abstract style name or font information.

*  A new request, `pftr`, reports to the standard error stream the
   list of configured font translations.

*  A new request, `phw`, reports to the standard error stream the
   list of hyphenation exceptions associated with the current
   hyphenation language.

*  A new request, `pline`, reports to the standard error stream the list
   of output nodes (an internal data structure) corresponding to the
   pending output line.  The list is empty if no such nodes exist.

*  The `pm` request now interprets any arguments as a sequence of macro,
   string, or diversion names, and reports their contents.

*  The `pnr` request now additionally reports the autoincrementation
   amount and interpolation format of each register (if it is not
   string-valued).

*  The `pnr` request now accepts arguments.  It treats each as
   identifying a register and reports its properties to the standard
   error stream.

*  A new request, `pstream`, reports to the standard error stream the
   name of each stream opened with the `open` or `opena` requests, the
   name of the file backing it, and its mode (writing or appending).

*  The `ptr` request has been renamed to `pwh` (mnemonic: "Print WHen
   traps will spring").  As a rule, debugging requests starting with `p`
   correspond to a request name that manipulates the objects reported on
   when the `p` is removed.  However, `ptr` had nothing to do with the
   `tr` request.  The only exceptions to the stated rule of `p`-removal
   are now `line`, `m`, and `stream`, none of which are request names.

*  The `hla` request, when invoked with no arguments, now clears the
   hyphenation language, disabling automatic hyphenation.

*  The read-only registers `.m` and `.M` now interpolate "default" when
   the default color is selected as the stroke or fill color,
   respectively, rather than interpolating nothing.

*  Numeric expression contexts that accept the `z` and `u` scaling
   units, such as the `ps` request and `\s` escape sequence, now also
   accept `p` and `s`.

*  troff's `-c` command-line option now also removes the `color`
   request's ability to enable multi-color output.

eqn
---

*  The "gifont" primitive replaces "gfont" as the means of configuring
   the global italic face in preprocessed equations.  "gfont" remains
   recognized as a synonym for backward compatibility.  The new name is
   intended to ease acquisition of the eqn language in light of GNU
   eqn's thirty-year-old extensions "gbfont" and "grfont".

*  New parameters tunable with the GNU eqn "set" primitive, "half_space"
   and "full_space", enable a document to configure the space widths
   produced by the eqn tokens '^' and '~', respectively.  Previously,
   their widths were determined by the "thin_space" and "thick_space"
   parameters used to tune GNU eqn's automatic spacing computations.

*  The new "reset" primitive restores a named parameter to its default.

groff
-----

*  The groff command now encodes the fate of failing processes in the
   pipeline it constructs and runs so that this information cannot be
   confused with groff's own error conditions (such as a usage error,
   which now produces an exit status of 2).  See the section "Exit
   status" of groff(1) for details.

*  groff now passes the -S option to pic and troff if it is specified.

nroff
-----

*  nroff now recognizes the -a, -D, -I, and -Z options and passes them
   to groff.

*  nroff now supports clustered options ("-tzms", for example) as groff,
   troff, and other GNU getopt-using programs do.

pic
---

*  A new command, `polygon`, supports drawing polygons using arbitrary
   vertices.  The command furthermore accepts the `fill[ed]` modifier.
   You can address a polygon's vertices and the midpoints of its edges
   with the new `.v[er[tex]]` and `.mid[point]` syntax suffixed to an
   object identifier, analogously to the existing compass point and
   `.c[enter]` feature.  Thanks to Duncan Losin.

*  pic's -S option now "locks" safer mode, rejecting any subsequent
   specification of -U on the command line with an error diagnostic.

soelim
------

*  soelim no longer requires embedded space characters in `so` arguments
   to be backslash-escaped.  (It continues to support that syntax, even
   though neither the AT&T nor GNU troff formatters ever have.)  You can
   now embed a sequence of leading spaces in the argument by prefixing
   it with a with a neutral double quote character ("), which the
   program discards.  These changes are to better align this program's
   parsing rules with the language of the formatter; consider the `ds`
   and `as` requests.

Macro packages
--------------

*  Keith Marshall's pdfmark package is no longer distributed with groff,
   but is now separately maintained.  Please visit
   <https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/groff-pdfmark> for the latest
   version.

*  mom version 2.6 is distributed with this release.  It supports
   multi-line headings.  Thanks to Peter Schaffter.

*  The device-specific macro files loaded by "troffrc" automatically on
   startup, such as "html.tmac", no longer perform font translations for
   some font names used by varieties of AT&T troff ('C', 'Hb', 'HX', and
   several others).

   These names are not portable: in AT&T troff, the font repertoire,
   like the special character repertoire, was device-dependent.  Since
   groff 1.23.0, GNU troff diagnoses attempts to use nonexistent font
   names.  We recommend addressing such portability issues wherever
   suits you: (1) in a document, perhaps by using `ie` and `el` requests
   and the `.g` register to test whether the formatter claims support
   for groff extensions, then `ie` and `el` again with the `F` groff
   conditional expression operator to check for font availability, and
   to perform font remappings with the groff `ftr` request as desired;
   (2) doing so in your "troffrc" file; or (3) by modifying these macro
   files similarly.  Users of the "dvi" and "lbp" output devices should
   be aware that these devices don't supply full families of monospaced
   fonts (and never have).  See grodvi(1) and grolbp(1) for lists of
   font names supported by each device.

   The legacy names are retained for the "pdf" and "ps" devices for this
   release; however, use of them prompts one warning in the "font"
   category from the formatter per deprecated name.  We expect to
   withdraw support for the names completely in a future groff release.
   See gropdf(1) and grops(1) for lists of font names supported by each
   device.

*  Hyperlink support is now enabled by default on PDF and terminal
   devices for an (man) and doc (mdoc) documents.  Instructions and
   commented code for disabling it are in the "man.local" and
   "mdoc.local" files.

*  The `PDFPIC` macro implemented in the "pdfpic.tmac" macro file now
   uses identify(1) (from ImageMagick/GraphicsMagick) and file(1), if
   available, to attempt to determine the dimensions of an image to be
   embedded in a PDF document.  See also the item regarding gropdf(1)
   below.  Thanks to Deri James.

*  The an (man) package now supports use of its hyperlink macros (`UR`,
   `UE`, `MT`, and `ME`) in paragraph tags (that is, on the next line
   after a `TP` macro call).  Use of the `MR` man page cross reference
   macro in a tag was already supported in groff 1.23.0.

*  The behavior of the an (man) package's `SY` and `YS` macros has been
   expanded to enable greater user control over vertical spacing and to
   make them convenient for synopsizing C language functions, not just
   commands.  `SY` no longer puts vertical space on the output, and
   initially breaks the output line _only_ if it is encountered
   repeatedly without a preceding `YS` call.  The computed indentation
   of synopsis lines after the first now also includes the width of
   anything already on the output line, so that you can precede the `SY`
   call with, for instance, the C language data type used for the return
   value in a function prototype.  The `SY` macro now accepts an
   optional second argument.  This second argument is typeset in bold,
   replaces the fixed-width space that is appended to the synopsis
   keyword in `SY`'s single-argument form, and is used in computation of
   the indentation of non-initial synopsis lines.  However, this
   computed indentation can now also be overridden with that of the
   previous synopsis item.  To do this, give any argument to the `YS`
   macro call "closing" the synopsis whose indentation you want to
   reuse.  When you're done with such a grouped synopsis, leave the
   argument off the final `YS` call.

   In a "Synopsis" section of a man page, existing synopses consisting
   of a single item require no migration.  This is the most common case.

   For others, where before you would write...

   .SY mv
   .I source
   .I destination
   .YS
   .
   .SY mv
   .I source
   \&.\|.\|.\&
   .I destination-directory
   .YS

   ...you would now write the following.

   .SY mv
   .I source
   .I destination
   .YS
   .
   .P
   .SY mv
   .I source
   \&.\|.\|.\&
   .I destination-directory
   .YS

   (That is, simply add a paragraphing macro.)

    And where before you would write...

   .SY mv
   .B \-h
   .
   .SY mv
   .B \-\-help
   .YS

    ...you would now write the following.

   .SY mv
   .B \-h
   .YS
   .
   .SY mv
   .B \-\-help
   .YS

   (That is, simply add `YS` after the first synopsis item.)

   Likely the biggest benefit of these changes is that it is now much
   easier to format C function prototypes with these macros.  Here's how
   we would synopsize a somewhat complex standard C library function.

   .B "#include <stdio.h>"
   .P
   .B void *\c
   .SY bsearch (
   .BI const\~void\~*\~ key ,
   .BI const\~void\~*\~ base ,
   .BI size_t\~ nmemb ,
   .BI int\~(* compar )\c
   .B (const\~void\~*, const\~void\~*));
   .YS

*  The an (man), doc (mdoc), and doc-old (mdoc-old) macro packages have
   changed the default line length when formatting on terminals from 78n
   to 80n.  The latter is a vastly more common device configuration, but
   that line length had been avoided since the groff 1.18 release in
   July 2002 (prior to that, the line length was 65n, as in AT&T nroff),
   for an undocumented reason.  That reason appears to have been the
   interaction of bugs in GNU tbl(1) with an aspect of grotty(1)'s
   design.  Those bugs have been resolved.  A man(1) program can still
   instruct groff to format for any desired line length by setting the
   `LL` register on {g,n,t}roff's command line.

*  The an (man) and doc (mdoc) macro packages use slightly different
   vertical margins than previously, to align more closely with the
   traditional implementations of these packages.  Per man(7) in the
   AT&T Unix System III manual (June 1980), the text area was 6.5 by 10
   inches (on typesetters).  When formatting for terminals with
   continuous rendering disabled (by default, it is enabled), the page
   footer now sets one line higher than before.

*  The an (man) and doc (mdoc) macro packages have added additional
   registers `BP`, `PO`, and `TS` for user configuration of man page
   rendering at formatting time.  As noted in groff_man(7) and
   groff_mdoc(7), documents should never manipulate these.

*  The an (man) and doc (mdoc) macro packages now support a `BP`
   register to configure the ("base") paragraph inset amount; that is
   the amount used by man(7) for paragraphs not within an `RS`/`RE`
   relative inset, and in mdoc(7) for all paragraphs.  Formerly, the
   `IN` register configured this amount with other indentation and inset
   amount parameters used by man(7).  (In mdoc(7), it had no other
   purpose.)  The base paragraph indentation default is now 5n,
   corresponding to that used by historical man(7) and mdoc(7)
   implementations going back to Unix Version 7 (1979) and 4.3BSD-Reno
   (1990), respectively.

*  The an (man) and doc (mdoc) macro packages now support a `PO`
   register to configure the page offset used by the formatter.

*  The an (man) macro package now supports a `TS` register to configure
   the minimum space required between the tag of a `TP` paragraph and
   its body.  (If the width of the tag's formatted text plus this space
   exceeds the paragraph indentation, the line is broken after the tag.)
   This parameter, formerly hard-coded as `1n`, now defaults to `2n`.

*  The an (man) macro package's `IP` macro no longer honors the formerly
   hard-coded 1n tag separation noted in the previous item.  This means
   that the first argument to the `IP` macro can abut the text of the
   paragraph with no intervening space.  If you use a word instead of
   punctuation or a list enumerator for `IP`'s first argument, consider
   migrating to `TP`.

*  The "an-ext.tmac" macro file, loaded automatically by the an (man)
   macro package, no longer defines `DS` and `DE` macros.  It had
   defined them as empty (undocumentedly) since groff 1.20 (2009).

*  The doc (mdoc) macro package's `Mt` macro now sets its argument in
   roman, not italics (or whatever the string `doc-Pa-font` was
   configured to use).  A new string, `doc-Mt-font`, for use in
   "mdoc.local" files and similar, supports configuration of this face.

*  The doc (mdoc) macro package now performs font family switches
   inline (that is, on the same output line) to Courier much less
   frequently when formatting for typesetters, affecting the `Ar`, `Cm`,
   `Er`, `Fa`, `Fd`, `Fl`, `Fn`, `Ft`, `Ic`, `Li`, and `Nm` macros.
   This change was made to reduce the ambiguity of space widths when
   typesetting the monospaced Courier and proportional Times fonts
   adjacently.  Bear in mind that you can use the "mdoc.local" file to
   customize the font used to render nearly any mdoc(7) macro's
   arguments; this mechanism has been in place since 1992.

*  The doc (mdoc) macro package's `Ql` macro now operates more simply;
   it no longer (ever) quotes its arguments when formatting for
   typesetters.  In practice, it does not seem difficult to distinguish
   even single characters in Courier from those in Times.  (If it is, an
   _explicit_ quoting macro like `Sq` or `Dq` should be used.)

*  The doc (mdoc) macro package's `Lk`, `Mt`, and `Xr` macros now
   produce hyperlinks on HTML, PDF, and terminal devices.  See above
   regarding hyperlink support being enabled by default.

*  The doc (mdoc) macro package now honors the `U` register and `MF`
   string as the an (man) package does.

*  The new macro file "koi8-r.tmac" supports the KOI8-R character
   encoding, which supports the new Russian locale for groff.

*  The m (mm) macro package now uses a 3v bottom margin rather than 2v.
   (Using the default type size and vertical spacing, the result is a
   half-inch margin, just like the existing top margin.)  When
   formatting for terminals, content aligned to the bottom of the page
   (footers, footnotes, `BS`/`BE` bottom blocks, and similar) now sets
   one line higher than before.  Further, the margin between the body
   text and any page footers is now 2v, like that between the body text
   and page headers, not 1v.

*  The m (mm) macro package's `Limsp` register (a GNU extension) has
   been removed; see the item regarding the `LI` macro below.

*  The m (mm) macro package's `Le` register now defaults to `1`,
   consistently with the `Lf`, `Lt`, and `Lx` registers of similar
   purpose, but inconsistently with DWB 3.3 mm.  Explicitly assigning
   the `Le` register in a document's preamble works as it always has.

*  The m (mm) macro package's `AST` macro (a GNU extension) is
   deprecated, warns upon usage, and is slated for withdrawal in a
   future release.  Assign to the new string `Abstract` instead.

*  The m (mm) macro package's `ISODATE` macro (a GNU extension) is
   deprecated, warns upon usage, and is slated for withdrawal in a
   future release.  Assign to the new register `Isodate` instead.

*  The m (mm) macro package's `EPIC` macro (a GNU extension) now
   interprets its "width" argument in ens by default, and its "height"
   argument in vees, instead of basic units, for consistency with the
   rest of the package.

*  Similarly, the m (mm) macro package's `PIC` macro (a GNU extension)
   now interprets an argument to its `-I` option in ens instead of ems
   by default.

*  The m (mm) macro package no longer superscripts _and_ brackets a
   reference mark (the `Rf` string).  Instead, the new `Rfstyle`
   register controls its formatting.  The default, 0, selects bracketing
   in nroff mode and superscripting in troff mode.  Set `Rfstyle` to 3
   in a document to obtain groff mm's previous mark formatting behavior.

*  The m (mm) macro package's `Li` register now defaults to 5 ens (not
   6) to align with the `Pi` register default.

*  The m (mm) macro package's `Li` register now configures the text
   indentation of items in `RL` lists (as it long has for `AL` lists)
   instead of hard-coding a value of 6 ens as DWB 3.3 mm does.

*  The m (mm) macro package's `BVL` (a GNU extension) and `VL` macros'
   first arguments are now optional.  If omitted, the paragraph
   indentation amount (register `Pi`) is used for list items' text
   indentations.

*  The m (mm) macro package's `DL` macro now uses the `EM` string as the
   mark instead of an em dash special character literal.  (The latter
   remains the default definition of the `EM` string.)

*  The m (mm) macro package's `DS` macro now interprets its third
   argument (a right-hand indentation) in ens by default, for
   consistency with the rest of the package.  This is a difference from
   DWB mm (which passed the value unprocessed to the `ll` request, which
   itself uses ems), and groff mm's own historical behavior, which used
   basic units.

*  The m (mm) macro package's `HU` macro now supports an optional second
   argument as a GNU extension.  It corresponds to the optional third
   argument of the `H` macro.

*  The m (mm) macro package's `IND` macro (a GNU extension), now calls
   `SK` only if no `TXIND` macro is defined, instead of performing this
   action as part of the fallback when no `TYIND` macro is defined.

*  The m (mm) macro package now supports a user-definable hook macro
   `AFX`, which if defined is called by `AF` in lieu of the latter's
   normal operation.  Applications include customization of letterhead.

*  The m (mm) macro package now supports a user-definable hook macro
   `RPX`, which if defined is called by `RP` in lieu of the latter's
   normal operation (breaking the page [potentially], and formatting the
   reference list caption string `Rp`).

*  The m (mm) macro package's `LI` macro now interprets its second
   argument as a Boolean value indicating whether a space should
   separate the list item mark from its prefix (the first argument).
   Thus, where you formerly specified "2" to indicate no such
   separation, you would now use "0", matching the semantics of the
   former `Limsp` register.  "2" continues to be recognized and handled
   as before, but prompts a warning; migrate your documents.

*  The m (mm) macro package now supports an `Aumt` string to suppress
   the appearance of positional arguments to the `AU` macro in the
   document heading used by memorandum types 0-3 and 6.  By default, all
   such arguments appear, except the second (author initials).  For
   example, a value of "3 4" more accurately reproduces London &
   Reiser's 1978 paper describing the porting of Unix to the VAX-11/780.

*  The m (mm) macro package now supports an `Rpfmt` string specifying
   the `LB` macro arguments that the package uses to format the items in
   an `RP` reference list.

*  The m (mm) macro package now supports the `E` register as DWB mm did.

*  The m (mm) macro package now supports DWB mm's `Rg` string.

*  The m (mm) macro package's `nP` macro now behaves more like DWB mm's.
   It applies a temporary indentation to the second output line of a
   paragraph to align it with the start of the paragraph text (not the
   tag/label) in the first, and resets the paragraph counter when the
   first- or second-level section heading number increments.

*  The m (mm) macro package's `Iso` register is now named `Isodate` to
   make its meaning less ambiguous.  The old name remains as an alias.

*  The m (mm) macro package's `Rpe` register is now named `Rpej` for
   better symmetry with `Ej`.  The old name remains as an alias.

*  The m (mm) macro package has renamed several strings to make their
   purposes less obscure; they determine the content of captions, not
   list items.
     `Licon` -> `Captc`
     `Liec`  -> `Capec`
     `Liex`  -> `Capex`
     `Lifg`  -> `Capfg`
     `Litb`  -> `Captb`
   The old names remain as aliases.

*  The m (mm) macro package has renamed the `Tcst` string to `Tcstatus`
   to make its purpose less obscure.  The old name remains as an alias.

*  The m (mm) macro package recognizes new register names `Ftnum` and
   `Rfnum` for the automatically incrementing footnote and reference
   counters.  The old, DWB-compatible but cryptic, names `:p` and `:R`
   remain supported.

*  The s (ms) macro package now sets the vertical spacing register
   defaults for normal (`VS`) and footnote (`FVS`) text to 120% of the
   type size configured in the `PS` and `FPS` registers, respectively,
   rather than 2 points larger, to comport with generally accepted
   typesetting principles.  Thus, when formatting a document with a type
   size of 20 points, the vertical spacing now defaults to 24 points
   rather than 22.

*  The s (ms) macro package now subtracts one vee from the footer trap
   location computed using the `FM` register.  When using the default
   `FM` value of `1i`, this makes the size of the margin from the footer
   baseline to the bottom of the page 3 vees or one half-inch,
   consistently with that between the header baseline and the page top.
   While a bug fix, and consistent with DWB 3.3 ms, this computation is
   inconsistent with Seventh Edition Unix ms and Heirloom Doctools ms.
   When formatting for terminals, footers now set one line higher than
   before.  The size of the footnote area is not affected; instead there
   is a 1v smaller margin between its bottom and the footer baseline.

Output drivers
--------------

*  grohtml(1), the (X)HTML output driver, supports a new `-k` command-
   line option that takes a mandatory argument, either "ascii" or
   "utf-8", which it recognizes case-insensitively.  This feature
   configures representation of character entities in the output.  Based
   on work by TANAKA Takuji.

*  gropdf(1), the PDF output driver, now allows embedding of JFIF/JPEG
   and JPEG 2000 image file formats.  If PerlMagick is installed, many
   more image file formats, including PNG, PAM, and GIF, can be
   embedded.  See also the item regarding `PDFPIC` above.  Thanks to
   Deri James.

*  gropdf now supplies its own "SS" (slanted symbol) font to improve
   rendering of documents requiring slanted lowercase Greek letters,
   such as those employing the eqn(1) preprocessor.  groff supplies the
   font in PFB format, and gropdf automatically embeds it, as it is not
   a standard PDF font.  Formerly, groff's "pdf.tmac" file defined
   fallback characters for lowercase Greek letters, applying a slant of
   16 degrees to the upright glyphs available in the standard symbol
   font "S".  That technique produced glyphs slightly larger than those
   in grops's "SS" font.  Thanks to Deri James.

*  gropdf now subsets embedded fonts by default, meaning that it stores
   only the glyphs a document actually uses.  Font subsetting usually
   reduces the size of the PDF gropdf creates.  Thanks to Deri James.

*  gropdf supports a new `--opt` command-line option, permitting a few
   features, including font subsetting, to be selectively enabled.
   Thanks to Deri James.

*  gropdf now emits PDFs that conform to the PDF 1.7 standard (also
   known as ISO 32000).  Its new `--pdfver` command-line option permits
   production of PDF 1.4-conformant output instead.  Thanks to Deri
   James.

*  gropdf supports a new `pdf: pagenumbering` device extension command
   and `pdfpagenumbering` convenience macro, allowing control of the
   page numbers in a PDF reader's overview panel.  It is common for a
   document to number early pages with Roman numerals and then restart
   page enumeration at decimal 1 for its main matter.  Thanks to Deri
   James.

*  gropdf now offers its own implementations of the "pdfmark" macro
   package's "pdfhref" and other macros, supporting internal (bookmarks,
   named destinations) and external (URL) hyperlinks, and the
   specification of hotspots for link text.  For example, when bundling
   multiple man pages into a collection, as the supplied
   groff-man-pages.pdf document and the Linux man-pages project do,
   references to man pages within the collection are supported with
   internal hyperlinks, and those outside with external ones.  Thanks to
   Deri James.

*  gropdf now supports characters outside the Unicode Basic Latin subset
   in bookmarks, named destinations, and external hyperlinks.  (They
   must be encoded using groff's Unicode special character escape
   sequences; the preconv preprocessor is helpful to simply this
   requirement.)  Thanks to Deri James.

*  gropdf now recognizes a `GROPDF_OPTIONS` environment variable,
   interpreting it as a space-separated list of command-line options.
   Explicit command-line options override any settings from this
   environment variable.  You can use this variable to obviate passing
   options to gropdf via groff's `-P` option.  Thanks to Deri James.

*  grops(1), the PostScript output driver, now supports fonts encoded
   using UTF-16.  Indicate the encoding by including the string
   "-UTF16-" within the font's name as specified by the "internalname"
   directive in its font description file.  Thanks to TANAKA Takuji.

*  The PostScript output driver grops(1) no longer accepts spaces as
   field separators in its "download" file; this is so that spaces can
   appear in font file names, and to better align the syntax of this
   file with that used by gropdf(1).  The download file for grops
   shipped by groff has long used tabs rather than spaces for field
   separation.

*  The PostScript output driver grops(1)'s macro file "ps.tmac" no
   longer defines fallback special characters `\[S ,]` and `\[S ,]` to
   simulate support for what Unicode calls LATIN {CAPITAL,SMALL} LETTER
   S WITH COMMA BELOW.  The file's definition constructed these glyphs
   by overstriking the Basic Latin "S" (or "s") with a cedilla accent,
   which is regarded as less orthographically acceptable than in the
   past.  A user's document or macro file can still do exactly what
   "ps.tmac" used to.

     .fchar \[S ,] \o'S\[ac]'
     .hcode \[S ,]s
     .fchar \[s ,] \o's\[ac]'
     .hcode \[s ,]s

*  The PostScript output driver grops(1) once again accepts a file name
   containing slashes as a document prolog or resource (such as a font
   to be downloaded into the document).  This is a restoration of groff
   1.22.4 and earlier behavior; groff's 1.23.0 change of not accepting a
   file name containing slashes as an encoding or font description
   remains in place.  (We impose this restriction because the output
   driver interprets the contents of these files; it does not interpret
   the PostScript prolog or resource files.)

*  grotty(1) now supports devices recognizing ECMA-48/ISO 6429 SGR 38
   and 48 escape sequences that select RGB colors using 8 bits per color
   channel.  A new command-line option, `-t`, configures emission of
   these escape sequences instead of the SGR 30-37 and 40-47 sequences
   supporting 3- or 4-bit color.  Thanks to Deri James.

   Example:

   $ groff -T utf8 -P -t <<EOF
   .defcolor pink rgb #ffc0cb
   .defcolor springgreen rgb #00ff7f
   Hello, \f[B]\m[pink]colorful \m[springgreen]world\m[default]\f[]!
   .pl \n[nl]u
   EOF

*  gxditview(1), the X11 output driver and document previewer, now
   accepts the option `-v` as a synonym of `--version` (and `-version`).
   This change aligns it with other groff output drivers, and makes it
   work correctly with "groff -vX".

Utilities
---------

*  afmtodit now recognizes a '-q' option to suppress diagnostics
   reporting duplicate mappings in favor of a count thereof, and the
   "BuildFoundries" script uses it.  Recent versions of the URW fonts
   have tons of duplicate mappings (for groff's purposes) and to our
   knowledge these are all harmless.

*  grog no longer supports the `--ligatures` and `--run` options.
   Simulate the former (which was specific to the "pdf" output device)
   with the option sequence "-P -U -P y", and the latter by using the
   command substitution feature of your shell; see section "Examples" of
   groff(1).

*  groff now offers install-font.bash, a shell script that interactively
   assists the configuration of fonts for use with the GNU troff
   formatter and the gropdf and grops output drivers.  For now, it is
   provided as an example, as it lacks a man page.  You can change to
   its directory and run "bash install-font.bash -H" for a man page-like
   description of its features and operation.

Miscellaneous
-------------

*  The contributed programs gperl and gpinyin no longer accept
   abbreviated forms of the long options `--help` and `--version`.  The
   respective synonymous short options `-h` and `-v` remain.

*  Font description files now support a variant of the "charset"
   directive: "charset-range" works like the existing "charset"
   directive except that the glyph descriptions use a `name` of the form
   "uEEEE..uFFFF" (where "EEEE" and "FFFF" are hexadecimal digit
   sequences), and apply the metrics identically to all glyphs in the
   designated range.  Thanks to TANAKA Takuji.

*  groff now ships font description files usable with the "ps", "html",
   "xhtml", and "utf8" output devices to support East Asian fonts.
   (Caveat: with few exceptions, groff does not ship font files
   themselves.)  These are intended as abstractions of faces to permit
   consistent naming while allowing custom font selections, just as with
   the 12 text typefaces supported across output devices for Latin
   scripts in groff (three families of four styles each).  These CJK
   font descriptions are not organized into groff font families, but are
   similarly arranged.

      CSH: Simplified Chinese, Hei style
      CSS: Simplified Chinese, Song style
      CTH: Traditional Chinese, Hei style
      CTS: Traditional Chinese, Song style
      JPG: Japanese, Gothic style
      JPM: Japanese, Mincho style
      KOG: Korean, Gothic style
      KOM: Korean, Mincho style

   Thanks to TANAKA Takuji.

*  The commands addftinfo, grodvi, post-grohtml, grolbp, grolj4, grops,
   grotty, eqn, pre-grohtml, gxditview, pic, preconv, refer, soelim,
   tbl, groff, troff, hpftodit, indxbib, lkbib, lookbib, tfmtodit, and
   xtotroff now exit with status 2 instead of 1 on usage errors.  grn
   now exits with status 2 on a usage error instead of a successful
   status (0).

*  Support for terminal devices using the CCSID 1047 (EBCDIC) encoding
   has been withdrawn.  This change partially clears the way for GNU
   troff to interpret UTF-8 input directly (without preconv(1)
   preprocessor usage) in the future.  Use iconv(1) to convert a code
   page 1047 document to US-ASCII or ISO Latin-1 prior to its input to
   GNU troff.  preconv(1), and therefore groff(1)'s `-k` and `-K`
   options, can do this as well if preconv is built with iconv support.
   Use `preconv -v` to determine this fact.

*  groff's "configure" script now tries harder to determine an
   appropriate default paper format for the system; its output reports
   how it made its determination.  Any existing "/etc/papersize" file is
   one of the resources it consults.

*  groff's "configure" script now supports a "--without-urw-fonts"
   option, for use on systems where the URW replacement fonts for
   PostScript and PDF standard fonts are unavailable or not desired.  It
   also silences the lengthy warning the script issues when these fonts
   and their metric files are not found.  Configuring without URW font
   support reduces the gropdf(1) output driver's functionality; see
   subsection "Feature service levels and URW font support" of that man
   page for details.

*  You can now specify any paper format you like--including the file
   specification "/etc/papersize" for systems using "libpaper"--as the
   default that the groff build writes to generated device description
   files ("DESC") for the "dvi", "lbp", "lj4", "pdf", and "ps" output
   drivers.  (The paper format must still be valid; see groff_font(5).)

     Example: ./configure PAGE=/etc/papersize --prefix=/opt/gnu

*  Building groff no longer requires the PSUtils package.

*  Building groff no longer requires the makeinfo command.  Since groff
   1.23.0, we ship groff's Texinfo manual in several formats as part of
   groff's distribution archive.  We ask that distributors provide their
   users with all formats appropriate to the platform (GNU Info, HTML,
   plain text, TeX DVI, and/or PDF).  Thanks to onf.

*  Polish language input documents are now supported, including
   hyphenation patterns from the CTAN project and localized strings
   for the man, ms, me, mm, and mom packages.  Thanks to Dariusz
   Chilimoniuk.

*  Russian language input documents using the KOI8-R encoding are now
   supported, including hyphenation patterns from the ruhyphen project
   and localized strings for the man, ms, me, mm, and mom packages.
   Thanks to Nikita Ivanov.

*  Spanish language input documents are now supported, including
   hyphenation patterns from the hyph-utf8 project and localized strings
   for the man, ms, me, mm, and mom packages.  Thanks to Eloi Monta��s.

*  The localization macro files now set up an appropriate hyphenation
   mode default.  For Chinese and Japanese, this is zero.

*  If groff programs have their current time overridden by the
   SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH environment variable, then that time is always
   displayed in UTC.  That environment variable is normally only set
   when specifically requesting build systems to produce reproducible
   output, and it is useful for reproducibility test harnesses to vary
   the TZ environment variable and ensure that it does not affect the
   output of the build; those harnesses have no way to set TZ=UTC only
   for groff programs.  People setting SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH are likely to
   be more in the "system programmer" camp as described in the release
   notes for 1.23.0, so it is easier to defend time-zone-invariant
   output to them.  In all other cases, the current time remains
   displayed in local time.  Thanks to Colin Watson.

*  The minimum version of Perl required to build groff is now 5.8 (18
   July 2002), incremented from 5.6.1.

*  groff now looks for the Netpbm program pamcut(1) rather than
   pnmcut(1).  Per its developers, the former was introduced in 2001
   and the latter withdrawn in 2009.

*  The Makefile macro `DEVICE` has been renamed to `DEFAULT_DEVICE`; be
   aware if your builds don't use "ps" as the default output device.

*  The groff_diff(7) man page no longer contains examples.  They remain
   in groff's Texinfo manual.

*  groff's Texinfo manual now adapts its content to the groff command
   prefix configured at build time (as its man pages long have).  If the
   build is configured without a leading "g"--omitting it has been
   groff's default for many years, possibly forever--then our Texinfo
   manual now omits that prefix when mentioning the affected commands
   (all replacements for AT&T troff commands).  This way, if you select
   a command prefix, say "limbo", and rebuild the Texinfo manual, the
   manual reflects the prefix used by your build configuration, and
   talks about "limboeqn", "limbotroff", "limborefer", and so on.


VERSION 1.23.0
==============

troff
-----

*  The `troffrc` file now loads an English localization file instead of
   directly housing configuration parameters appropriate to the English
   language.  See "Macro Packages" below.

*  A new read-only register `.cp` is implemented.  Within a `do`
   request, "\n[.cp]" holds the saved value of compatibility mode.  See
   groff_diff(7) or the groff Texinfo manual for rationale and example.

*  New read-only registers `.nm` and `.nn` are implemented.  `.nm` is of
   Boolean sense, reporting the enablement status of output line
   numbering (caused by the `nm` request) irrespective of the temporary
   suspension of numbering with the `nn` request.  `.nn` holds the count
   of numbered output lines still to have that numbering suppressed.
   These registers were introduced because there was no way for the
   formatter (and thus a document) to introspect their state, tbl(1)
   needs to be able to do so, and the writable line number register `ln`
   is not a reliable proxy for this information.

*  Type size escape sequences of the form "\sNN", where NN is in the
   range 10-39, are now recognized only in compatibility mode ("groff
   -C"); when encountered, an error diagnostic is emitted.  Otherwise,
   "\sN" is interpreted as setting the type size to the single-digit
   value N (in scaled points), which ends the escape sequence.  This
   change eliminates a quirk in the language grammar that dates back to
   the mid-1970s (AT&T troff by Ossanna) but was not documented in the
   Troff User's Manual until 1992 when Kernighan updated CSTR #54 for
   device-independent AT&T troff.

   The form "\s(NN" is accepted for two-digit sizes in all known troffs.
   The form "\s[NNN]" accepts a numeric expression of variable length;
   it has been supported by groff since version 1.01 (March 1991) or
   earlier, by Heirloom Doctools troff since its 2005-08-16 release, and
   by neatroff, but not by Plan 9 troff.  The form "\s'NNN'" is also
   widely supported.

   Summary: in your documents, rewrite escape sequences beginning with
   "\s1", "\s2", or "\s3" in an unambiguous and portable form.  For
   instance, "\s36" can become any of:
     \s(36
     \s[36]
     \s'36'
   You can use
     grep '\\s[123]'
   to find instances in your documents.

   Those who have changed the escape character with the `ec` request
   (an advanced usage) are expected to be able to cope; ask the
   development team for support if you need it.

*  New requests `soquiet` and `msoquiet` are available.  They operate as
   `so` and `mso`, respectively, except that they do not emit a warning
   diagnostic if the file named in their argument does not exist.

*  New requests `stringdown` and `stringup` are available.  These change
   the string named in their argument by replacing each of its bytes
   with its lowercase or uppercase version (if any), respectively.
   groff special characters (see the groff_char(7) man page) in the
   string will often transform in the expected way due to the regular
   naming convention for accented letters.  When they do not, use
   substrings and/or catenation.

*  The `ab` request no longer writes "User Abort." to the standard error
   stream if given no arguments.

*  The `fp` request no longer accepts file or font names with slashes in
   them as arguments.  All font description files are expected to be
   accessible within the directory of the output device for which they
   were prepared.

nroff
-----

*  The new option -P takes an argument to pass to the output driver
   (always grotty(1)).  "-P-i" directs the terminal device to display
   real italic (oblique) characters instead of underlining: it is up to
   your terminal (emulator) to support italics (xterm does since patch
   #314 [2014-12-28]).  "-P-h" can now be used instead of -h; the latter
   may eventually be deprecated and repurposed.

*  The new option -V emits the constructed groff command that nroff
   would run to standard output instead of executing it.  Arguments to
   nroff that contain shell metacharacters may not be sufficiently
   escaped for the output of nroff -V to be copied and pasted to the
   shell prompt; this is a historical deficiency of the Bourne shell
   family not yet corrected by the POSIX standard.

*  nroff now recognizes the -b, -E, -k, -K, -R, and -z options and
   passes them to groff.

*  nroff now supports spaces and tabs between option flag letters and
   arguments to options, like groff and troff themselves.

groff
-----

*  The -I option now implies -g (run the grn(1) preprocessor), and
   supplies grn an -M option with the argument to -I.

eqn
---

*  The GNU extension

     delim on

   is now recognized even in AT&T compatibility mode (the -C option) in
   order to reliably integrate with tbl.  Few eqn documents are expected
   to use 'o' and 'n' as left and right delimiters, respectively.  If
   yours does, consider swapping them, or select others.

*  The command-line option -D is no longer supported.  It has been
   undocumented, and issued a warning of its obsolescence upon use, for
   30 years, since groff 1.06 (September 1992).

pic
---

*  The token `.PY` is now recognized as a synonym of `.PF` to work
   around a name space collision with the m (mm) macro package, which
   defines `PF` as a page footer management macro.  (This problem dates
   back at least to Unix System V Release 2, 1983.)  You should continue
   to use `.PF` to end pictures with flyback unless a similar problem
   faces your document.

tbl
---

*  GNU tbl now suspends output line numbering while formatting tables,
   saving and restoring its status before and after each table region,
   including the count of lines for which numbering is suppressed.
   Historical tbl implementations did not, with bizarre consequences
   when text blocks were used in tables.

Macro packages
--------------

*  mom version 2.5 is distributed with this release.  New features
   include shaded backgrounds, frames, and colored pages.  Thanks to
   Peter Schaffter.

*  English localization has been split into a dedicated macro file,
   `en.tmac`, for better parallelism with other localization files and
   to improve support for multilingual documents.  Those who want a
   different default input language should edit the troffrc file to
   source the desired groff locale macro file (`cs.tmac`, `de.tmac`,
   `den.tmac`, `fr.tmac`, `it.tmac`, `ja.tmac`, `sv.tmac`, or `zh.tmac`)
   instead of `en.tmac`.

   The default hyphenation mode (as given to the `hy` request) for users
   of English has changed from "1", which was inappropriate for the
   TeX-based hyphenation patterns groff has used since at least 1991, to
   "4".  However, invoking ".hy" without an argument remains synonymous
   with ".hy 1".

*  The hyphenation patterns for English have been updated using the
   `hyph-en-us.tex` patterns file from the TeX hyph-utf8 project.  The
   new patterns likely _will_ change the automatic hyphenation break
   points of your English documents.

*  The `PDFPIC` macro (provided by the `pdfpic` package) no longer
   aborts upon encountering trouble.  Instead, it reports an error and
   abandons processing of its argument(s).  It is also more sensitive to
   other kinds of problems and handles them the same way, by issuing a
   diagnostic and returning.  If you wish `PDFPIC` to abort document
   processing immediately upon error, you can append an `ab` request to
   the package's error-handling macro.

     .am pdfpic@error
     .  ab
     ..

*  The pspic package now also has an error hook macro, which you can use
   to make failed image loads fatal (or attempt fallback or recovery).

     .am pspic@error-hook
     .  ab
     ..

*  The new rfc1345 macro package, contributed by Dorai Sitaram, defines
   special character identifiers implementing RFC 1345 mnemonics (plus
   some additions from Vim, which itself uses RFC 1345 for its
   digraphs).  It is documented in the groff_rfc1345(7) man page.

*  The new sboxes macro package, contributed by Deri James, offers a
   simple interface to the new gropdf(1) "background" feature.  Using
   it, ms documents can draw colored rectangles beneath any groff
   output.  See "Using PDF boxes with groff and the ms macros",
   installed as `msboxes.ms` and `msboxes.pdf` for instructions and a
   demonstration.

*  The an (man) and doc (mdoc) macro packages no longer remap the -, ',
   and ` input characters to Basic Latin code points on UTF-8 devices,
   but treat them as groff normally does (and AT&T troff before it did)
   for typesetting devices, where they become the hyphen, apostrophe or
   right single quotation mark, and left single quotation mark,
   respectively.  This change is expected to expose glyph usage errors
   in man pages.  See the "PROBLEMS" file for a recipe that will conceal
   these errors.  A better long-term approach is for man pages to adopt
   correct input practices; the man pages groff_man_style(7),
   groff_char(7), and man-pages(7) (subsection "Generating optimal
   glyphs"; from the Linux man-pages project) contain such instructions.
   Doing so also improves man page typography when formatting for PDF.

   If you maintain a generator of man(7) or mdoc(7) documents (such as a
   tool that converts other formats to them), and need assistance,
   please contact the groff@gnu.org mailing list and describe your
   situation.

*  The an (man) macro package can now produce clickable hyperlinks
   within terminal emulators, using the OSC 8 support added to grotty(1)
   (see below).  The groff man(7) extension macros `UR` and `MT`,
   present since 2007, expose this feature.  At present the feature is
   disabled by default in `man.local` pending more widespread
   recognition of OSC 8 sequences in pager programs.  The package now
   recognizes a `U` register to enable hyperlinks in any output driver
   supporting them.

   Use a command like
     printf '\033]8;;man:grotty(1)\033\\grotty(1)\033]8;;\033\\\n'|more
   to check your terminal and pager for OSC 8 support.  If you see
   "grotty(1)" and no additional garbage characters, then you may wish
   to edit "man.local" to remove the lines that disable this feature.

*  The an (man) macro package supports a new macro, `MR`, intended for
   use by man page cross references in preference to the font style
   alternation macros historically used.  Where before you would write
     .BR ls (1).
   or
     .IR ls (1).
   you should now write
     .MR ls 1 .
   (the third argument, typically used for trailing punctuation, is
   optional).  Because the macro semantically identifies a man page, it
   can create a clickable hyperlink ("man:ls(1)" for the above example)
   on supporting devices.  Furthermore, a new string, `MF`, defines the
   font to be used for setting the man page identifier (the first
   argument to the `MR` and `TH` macros), permitting configuration by
   distributions, sites, and users.

   Inclusion of the `MR` macro was prompted by its introduction to
   Plan 9 from User Space's troff in August 2020.  Its purpose is to
   ameliorate several long-standing problems with man page cross
   references: (1) the package's lack of inherent hyperlink support for
   them; (2) false-positive identification of strings resembling man
   page cross references (as can happen with "exit(1)", "while(1)",
   "sleep(5)", "time(0)" and others) by terminal emulators and other
   programs; (3) the unwanted intrusion of hyphens into man page topics,
   which frustrates copy-and-paste operations (this problem has always
   been avoidable through use of the \% escape sequence, but cross
   references are frequent in man pages and some page authors are
   inexpert *roff users); and (4) deep divisions in man page maintenance
   communities over which typeface should be used to set the man page
   topic (italics, roman, or bold).

*  Part of the an (man) macro package has been renamed from
   "an-old.tmac" to "an.tmac", replacing a file that sourced the
   "andoc.tmac" wrapper.  This means that the "-man" argument to groff
   (or nroff, or troff) will no longer load the andoc wrapper, and not
   successfully format mdoc(7) man pages.  If you are not sure which
   macro package a given man page uses, or you wish to batch-process a
   series of man pages written variously in the man and mdoc formats, be
   sure to call the formatter with the "-mandoc" option explicitly, as
   "-man" will no longer do this.  The man-db man(1) implementation has,
   since 2001, used "-mandoc" preferentially if available when man-db is
   configured.

*  The an (man) and doc (mdoc) macro packages support a new `AD` string
   to put the default adjustment mode under user control at rendering
   time.  The default is "b" (adjust lines to both margins) as has been
   the Unix man(7) default for typesetters since 1979.

*  The an (man) and doc (mdoc) macro packages support new `CS` and `CT`
   registers to control rendering of man page section headings and
   topics (seen in the page header), respectively, in full capitals.
   These default off (with no visible effect on pages that already fully
   capitalize such text in man page sources).  The rationale is to
   encourage man page authors to preserve case distinction information
   in (or restore it to) their topics and section headings, while giving
   users (including system administrators, distributors, integrators,
   and maintainers of man(1) implementations) a way to view the rendered
   page elements in full capitals if desired.

*  The an (man) macro package no longer honors an `ll` request to set
   the line length on nroff devices prior to processing a man page.
   This was deprecated in groff 1.18 (July 2002), and all known man
   program and macro package implementations either have set an LL
   register since 2002 (man-db man) or 2005 (Brouwer/Lucifredi man);
   don't let the user vary the line length freely (DWB troff, Solaris
   troff, Plan 9 troff); or don't permit its configuration via the `ll`
   request (mandoc) or at all (Heirloom Doctools troff).

*  The an (man) macro package now interprets the value of the `HY`
   register as a Boolean; using it to set a specific hyphenation mode is
   no longer supported.  The groff command-line option `-rHY=0`
   continues to disable automatic hyphenation of man page text as
   before.

*  The an (man) macro package's `TS` macro no longer inserts vertical
   space.  It was not documented to do so, but had since groff 1.18
   (July 2002).  Man page authors may freely use paragraphing macros
   around tables if vertical space is desired.

*  The an (man) macro package no longer attempts to detect misuse of the
   `R` string as a macro.  The `R` string itself is a legacy feature,
   not required in modern man pages; see groff_man_style(7).

*  The groff_man(7) man page documenting the groff implementation of the
   an (man) macro package has been split into two pages.  The original
   page remains as a terser reference for experienced users.  A new
   page, groff_man_style(7), is a tutorial and style guide containing
   the same material supplemented with explanations, examples, and
   advice for the reader who is not an expert in *roff systems or in
   writing man pages.

*  The doc (mdoc) macro package now honors the `C`, `FT`, `HY`, `IN`,
   `P`, `SN`, and `X` registers and `HF` string as the an (man) package
   does.

*  The doc (mdoc) macro package now renders man page (sub)section cross
   references cited with the `Sx` macro by quoting them instead of
   setting them in italics.

*  The e (me) macro package has changed its default line length on
   typesetting devices from 6i to the output device's default (for
   example, 6.5i on the 'ps' and 'pdf' devices).  You can use
   "papersize.tmac" to override this length, as in "groff -d paper=a4l"
   to select A4 paper in landscape orientation, without needing to alter
   the document.

*  The e (me) macro package has changed its support for output line
   numbering with the `n1` and `n2` macros to resolve several bugs in
   the previous implementation.  The `n1` macro now accepts an optional
   `C` argument to set the line number at the existing page offset
   instead of reducing the page offset to make the line number appear in
   the left margin.  A second argument to the `n2` macro is no longer
   supported.  A new register `no` makes configurable the amount of
   horizontal space to be used for the line number (the default is
   unchanged).

*  The e (me) macro package now uses strings `wa` and `wc` to store the
   terms the package produces in chapter headings created by the `$c`
   macro.  The strings, which default to "Appendix" and "Chapter",
   respectively, ease localization of the package and replacement of the
   terms used without requiring the `$c` macro to be redefined.

*  The e (me) macro package has a new macro, `ld`, which "re-localizes
   the date"; if you modify troff registers `dw`, `mo`, and `yr` (to
   record a document's date of revision, for instance), call `ld`
   afterward to update the package's `y2` and `y4` registers and the
   localized strings `dw` and `mo` for the names of the weekday and
   month.  `ld` is also used internally to simplify the use of the
   package with languages other than English; it thus updates the `wa`
   and `wc` strings as well.  If you want to customize these strings, do
   so after any `ld` call you make.

*  The e (me) macro package now has a register `sx` that eases the
   configuration of space added to the line height above/below when
   super/subscripting is used.  It defaults to 0.2m, the value used
   literally in past definitions of the super/subscripting strings.
   groff's own 'me' documents redefine it to zero.

*  The e (me) macro package's `$v` and `$V` registers have been renamed
   to `tv` and `dv`--they control the vertical spacing used for text and
   displays/annotations, respectively.  The old names are still
   supported as aliases.  The new names reflect the fact that users are
   expected to set them if desired, unlike other registers and strings
   beginning with "$".

*  The e (me) and s (ms) macro packages now offer a `PF` macro,
   supporting the pic(1) preprocessor's "flyback" feature.  Thanks to
   Dave Kemper.

*  The m (mm) and s (ms) macro packages no longer implement the `IX`
   macro.  This undocumented 4.2BSD ms extension was similarly
   undocumented by groff mm and ms.  No documents applying it are
   attested.  groff mm documents its own indexing feature, `INITI`.  We
   otherwise suggest makeindex(1), which supports troff and is available
   with most TeX distributions, for your mm/ms document indexing needs.

   A document can define its own `IX` macro to suit the requirements of
   the indexing tool.  groff mm and ms formerly used the following.

     .de IX
     .tm \\$1\t\\$2\t\\$3\t\\$4 ... \\n[%]
     ..

*  The m (mm) macro package now adapts to the paper format selected when
   the macro file "papersize.tmac" is used (by specifying the groff "-d
   paper" command-line option).  A consequence is that "groff -mm" and
   "groff -d paper=letter -mm" are _not_ synonymous (when groff is
   configured to use U.S. letter as the default paper format), because
   groff mm(7) uses a page offset of 0.963 inches on typesetting devices
   for compatibility with DWB mm.  If the `W` or `O` registers are also
   set on the command line, the line length and page offset,
   respectively, are not overridden by "papersize.tmac".

*  The m (mm) macro package now recognizes a `V` register to set the
   vertical spacing for the document.  Like the existing `S`, it must be
   set from the command line.  Further, both registers are interpreted
   correctly if suffixed with a scaling unit, instead of requiring an
   unscaled value assumed to be points.

*  The m (mm) macro package now supports DWB mm's `Sm` string.

*  The m (mm) macro package now requires a title to be declared when
   memorandum type 5 is used (".MT 5"), just as type 4 has since groff
   1.10 (November 1995).

*  The m (mm) and s (ms) macro packages no longer manipulate the set of
   enabled warning categories.  If you want all warnings on, use the
   `warn` request with no arguments in your document or pass "-w w" to
   groff (see troff(1) or the groff Texinfo manual for more on
   warnings).

*  The m (mm) and s (ms) macro packages' `R` macros now work analogously
   to their `B` and `I` macros instead of ignoring their arguments.

*  The m (mm) package now offers a `PY` macro, which serves the function
   of `PF` (end pic(1) picture with flyback) from other macro packages.

*  The "ptx.tmac" macro file, a counterpart to the GNU coreutils ptx(1)
   command for generating permuted indexes, is now installed.  It has
   long been part of the source distribution.

*  The s (ms) macro package now enables the formatter's "no-space mode"
   after ending displays (`DE`), equations (`EN`), tables (`TE`), and
   pictures without flyback (`PE`).  This means that display distance
   spacing (the `DD` register) overrides the spacing that may follow in
   a subsequent paragraph, section heading, or display instead of
   accumulating with that distance.  This change is to make the behavior
   of the package more predictable; you can fine-tune such spacing by
   setting the `DD` register in desired places.  It has also helped us
   to improve groff ms's rendering of historical ms(7) documents such as
   Kernighan & Cherry's "Typesetting Mathematics".  This change also
   suppresses the `bp` page break request; you may wish to define a
   macro (the name `BP` is not in use by the package) to restore spacing
   with the `rs` request and break the page with `bp`.

*  The s (ms) macro package supports a new string, `FR`, which defines
   the ratio of the footnote line length to the current line length.
   The default expression is "11/12", eleven twelfths of the normal line
   length, adopted for better compatibility with ms documents prepared
   with AT&T ms or its descendant implementations in Heirloom Doctools
   and neatroff.  This is a change from previous groff releases, which
   used a ratio of five sixths.

   You may wish to set the `FR` string to "1" to align with contemporary
   typesetting practices.  In Unix Version 7 ms, its descendants, and
   groff prior to this release, an `FL` register was used for the line
   length in footnotes; however, setting this register at document
   initialization time had no effect on the footnote line length in
   multi-column arrangements.

   `FR` should be used in preference to the old `FL` register in
   contemporary documents; see the groff Texinfo manual or the "Using
   groff with the ms macros" document, also part of this release.
   Thanks to T. Kurt Bond.

*  The s (ms) macro package has added strings, `<` and `>`, to perform
   subscripting.  They work analogously to the `{` and `}`
   superscripting strings that have been present in groff ms since 1991
   or earlier.

*  The s (ms) macro package has added a hook macro, `FS-MARK`, which is
   called automatically by the `FS` macro (with the same arguments given
   to `FS`) before any other footnote processing.  It is empty by
   default but can be defined by the user to, for example, place a
   hyperlink anchor so that a link within a footnote can return to its
   referential context.  "Portable Document Format Publishing with GNU
   Troff", distributed with groff as `pdfmark.ms`, uses this technique.
   Thanks to Keith Marshall.

*  The s (ms) macro package's `RP` macro recognizes a new optional
   argument, `no-renumber`, which suppresses the renumbering of the page
   after the cover page as page 1.  It furthermore recognizes the
   optional argument `no-repeat-info`, which has the same effect as
   `no`; the latter will continue to be supported for backward
   compatibility.  Optional arguments to `RP` can be given in any order.

*  The s (ms) macro package supports new macros `XN` and `XH` to ease
   the input of numbered and unnumbered section headings, respectively.
   They internally call the `XS` and `XE` macros to produce table of
   contents entries, and lay a foundation for inclusion of PDF
   bookmarks, all without requiring retyping of the heading text as the
   package previously encouraged.  Thanks to Keith Marshall.

*  The s (ms) macro package now uses a default line length of 6.5 inches
   by default, resulting in 1-inch left and right margins.  When the
   "papersize.tmac" package is used by employing the "-d paper" groff(1)
   option on typesetting devices, the default page offset and line
   length are adjusted to maintain these margins.

*  The "a4.tmac" file has been dropped from the distribution.  Its
   successor, "papersize.tmac", has been present and documented for
   nearly 20 years.  See subsection "Paper format" of groff(1).

*  The "safer.tmac" file has been dropped from the distribution.  It was
   present only to support man(1) programs that unconditionally passed
   the formatter the "-msafer" option, and had contained only comments
   for over 20 years.  If your man(1) program has this requirement, you
   can create an empty file of this name in groff's macro file search
   path (see troff(1)) or consider migrating to man-db man(1).

Output drivers
--------------

*  On output devices using the Latin-1 character encoding ("groff -T
   latin1" and the X11 devices) the special character escape sequence
   \[oq] (opening quote) is now rendered as code point 0x27 (apostrophe)
   instead of 0x60 (grave accent).  The ISO 8859/ECMA-94 Latin character
   sets do not define any glyphs for directional ("typographer's")
   quotation marks, but the apostrophe is depicted in the defining
   standard as a neutral (vertical) glyph, whereas the grave accent 0x60
   and acute accent 0xB4 are mirror-symmetric diacritical marks.

   This change has no effect on _input_ conventions for roff source
   documents.  You can still get directional single quotes on UTF-8,
   PostScript, PDF, and other output devices supporting them by typing
   sequences like `this' in the input (character remapping with 'char'
   requests and similar notwithstanding).

*  The grops driver (which produces PostScript), like the `fp` request
   in the troff formatter (see above), no longer no longer accepts file
   names with slashes in them as a document prologue, encoding file, or
   resource (such as a font to be downloaded).  All such files must be
   accessible within the directory of the output device for which they
   were prepared.  Use the GROFF_FONT_PATH environment variable or
   groff's "-F" command-line option to specify additional directories in
   which such files should be sought.

gropdf
------

*  A new device control command, "background", enables boxes to be drawn
   underneath other page content.  The boxes can be shaded with colors,
   drawn with a colored border of configurable thickness, and
   interrupted by page breaks with special support for breaking before
   footnotes and similar material.  For convenience, "pdf.tmac" exposes
   a new macro, `pdfbackground`.  Thanks to Deri James.

grotty
------

*  The "utf8" output device now maps the input characters '^' (caret,
   circumflex accent, or "hat") and '~' (tilde) to U+02C6 (modifier
   letter circumflex accent) and U+02DC (small tilde), respectively, for
   consistency with groff's other output devices.  This change is
   expected to expose glyph usage errors in man pages.  See the
   "PROBLEMS" file for a recipe that will conceal these errors.  A
   better long-term approach is for man pages to adopt correct input
   practices; the man pages groff_man_style(7), groff_char(7), and
   man-pages(7) (subsection "Generating optimal glyphs"; from the Linux
   man-pages project) contain such instructions.  Doing so also improves
   man page typography when formatting for PDF.

   If you maintain a generator of man(7) or mdoc(7) documents (such as a
   tool that converts other formats to them), and need assistance,
   please contact the groff@gnu.org mailing list and describe your
   situation.

*  A new device control command, "link", generates OSC 8 hyperlinks.
   This means that groff documents can produce clickable links in the
   terminal window for emulators that support such escape sequences.

*  The "sgr" device control command, which dynamically configured
   support for ISO 6429/ECMA-48 SGR escape sequences (and restored
   traditional overstriking behavior if disabled), has been removed.  It
   took effect only at page boundaries.  grotty's "-c" command-line
   option and the GROFF_NO_SGR environment variable remain supported.

Documentation
-------------

*  groff's Texinfo manual is included in the distribution archive in
   several formats, including GNU Info, HTML, TeX DVI, PDF, and plain
   text.  Many sections have been extensively revised and corrected, and
   much material added to help the learner acquire the groff formatting
   language (see, for instance, the section/node "Text").

*  A compilation of all of groff's man pages in PDF and UTF-8-encoded
   text (with SGR escape sequences) is produced by the build.  Many of
   the documents in this 380+-page collection have been heavily revised
   or rewritten, including tbl(1), groff(1), groff_diff(7),
   groff_font(5), groff(7), groff_char(7), and roff(7).  The PDF version
   uses pdfmark extensions to produce an internal bookmark for every man
   page document, section heading, and subsection heading.

*  Larry Kollar's "Using groff with the ms Macro Package" has been
   resurrected after 20+ years, revised, and updated.

*  Eric Allman's "me Reference Manual" has been revised in detail.

Miscellaneous
-------------

*  Because all generated forms of groff's Texinfo manual are now
   included in the distribution archive, building from that archive no
   longer depends on GNU Texinfo or a TeX installation (the latter was
   required only for the "doc" target, which had to be explicitly
   named).

*  Building groff from its distribution archive no longer requires byacc
   (or GNU Bison) to be installed.

*  m4 is now required to build.  Any m4 that implements the features
   documented in the Seventh Edition Unix m4(1) man page, and the `-D`
   option, should suffice.

*  New 'configure' options '--{en,dis}able-groff-allocator' control
   whether groff uses its own malloc/free-wrapping allocator to
   implement all C++ new/delete operations.  groff has used this
   allocator for over 30 years; C++ implementations are more mature now.
   The default is now to rely on C++ language runtime support for
   new/delete.  When building groff, use
     configure --enable-groff-allocator
   to re-enable groff's traditional allocator.

*  The 'configure' option '--with-appresdir' has been renamed to
   '--with-appdefdir'.

*  Italian language input documents are now supported, including
   hyphenation patterns from the hyph-utf8 project and localized strings
   for the ms, me, mm, and mom packages.  Thanks to Edmond Orignac.

*  Manual section titles for man pages (those that appear by default in
   the page header, like "General Commands Manual") are now localized
   for Czech, German, French, Italian, and Swedish.

*  The semantics of the environment variable SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH to groff,
   support for which was added in 1.22.4, were not established at that
   time with respect to time zone selection, prompting divergent
   interpretations; Debian and distributions derived from it have for
   several years patched groff to implicitly use UTC as the time zone
   when interpreting the current time (or SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH) as a local
   time.  While a convenient and defensible choice for reproducible
   build efforts, it runs against the grain of user expectations.
   Systems programmers like time zone-invariant, monotonically
   increasing clocks; the broader user base usually prefers a clock that
   follows an applicable civil calendar.  groff programs now reckon
   SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH with respect to the local time zone.  Users of
   SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH may wish to also set the TZ environment variable.

*  xtotroff now supports a "-d" option to specify the directory in which
   to generate font description files.

*  The 'configure' option '--with-doc' that was introduced in version
   1.22.3 has been deleted again.  Its basic idea was misguided because
   each of the documents is only available in a subset of the output
   formats, so in contrast to the documentation, the option not only
   affected which output formats were generated, but also restricted the
   documentation content the user would get in erratic and surprising
   ways.  The option was also ill-designed insofar as the "examples"
   keyword did not represent an output format.  Some example files were
   controlled by the "examples" keyword alone, some by the respective
   format keywords alone, and some by a combination of both.  The
   implementation of the option was full of bugs, but few, if any, of
   these bugs were ever reported by users, giving the impression that
   few, if any, users ever attempted to use the option, and those who
   did likely remained unaware that doing so deprived them of parts of
   the content of the documentation.  Experience has demonstrated that
   properly maintaining and testing the option exceeds the amount of
   effort the GNU troff team is able to invest.  Finally, GNU standards
   contain no recommendation to support this option, and indeed, few, if
   any, GNU packages apart from groff support it.

*  The 'doc' Make target has been eliminated.  'all' (the default Make
   target) assumes responsibility for generating the groff Texinfo
   manual in all formats supported by the build host.  This change is
   only significant when building from a Git checkout or if our Texinfo
   manual's sources are modified; the distribution archive now provides
   copies of the manual in Info, plain text, HTML, DVI, and PDF.

*  afmtodit no longer writes file names with directory information in
   them to the "name" directives of the font descriptions it generates.
   (The `fp` request no longer accepts such names; see "troff" above.)

*  afmtodit now exits with status 2 (not 1) upon usage errors.

*  afmtodit now recognizes a '-w' option to specify the generated font
   description's "spacewidth" parameter (see groff_font(5)).  The
   internal library "libgroff" now emits a diagnostic if a font
   description file is missing such a directive.  Adding this option
   enables a well-formed font description to be produced by the tool
   (without requiring editing by hand).

*  pfbtops now exits with status 2 upon usage errors and the standard C
   library's `EXIT_FAILURE` status (usually 1) on operational failures
   instead of vice versa.

*  groffer has been deleted from the distribution.

*  grog no longer supports the "--warnings" option; the one diagnostic
   message that it enabled has been removed.

*  The ditroff(7) man page has been deleted.  The "History" section of
   roff(7) covers the same subject in greater depth.

*  The groff_filenames(5) man page has been deleted.  It had
   inaccuracies and spurious content.  The "File name conventions"
   section of roff(7) covers the same subject.

*  The lj4_font(5) man page has been deleted.  Its content has moved
   into the "Fonts" subsection of grolj4(1).


VERSION 1.22.4
==============

Troff
-----

*  The `hy' request has been extended.  Value 16 enables hyphenation
   before the last character, and value 32 enables hyphenation after the
   first character.

PDFPIC
------

*  PDFPIC has been corrected so the behaviour is the same whether you
   use the PostScript or PDF drivers.  However, this means that any
   documents which were written using the old behaviour will not be
   rendered correctly if using the PDF driver with the new version.

   The change would mean that documents which relied on the previous
   behaviour are likely to have a gap underneath the image which was not
   there before.  If you see this effect there are three ways you can
   restore the previous behaviour:

   Add the line ".nr PDFPIC_NOSPACE 1" to the document before the first
   call to .PDFPIC.

   If it is just a single document which exhibits this behaviour you can
   run groff adding "-rPDFPIC_NOSPACE=1" to the command line.

   If you have many documents which rely on the previous behaviour you
   can set an environment variable "export GROFF_PDFPIC_NOSPACE=1" which
   will restore the previous behaviour for all runs.

   This change has no effect if you were using .PDFPIC with the
   PostScript driver--only if you used it with the PDF driver.

Gropdf
------

*  Type 1 font loading is fixed to handle newer Ghostscript versions.

*  Handling of glyphs above position 255 is improved to allow many more
   glyphs to be used.

*  New macros .pdftransition and .pdfpause are introduced to allow
   creation of presentation slides.  Partially backward-compatible with
   present.tmac, specifically the PAUSE, BLOCKS and BLOCKE commands.
   Supports all the transition types introduced in PDF v1.5 (see the
   gropdf man page).

Miscellaneous
-------------

*  A new 'configure' option --with-compatibility-wrappers controls how
   groff compatibility wrappers for vendor-provided non-GNU macro sets
   are installed (see ./configure --help).

*  eqn2graph, grap2graph, and pic2graph now attempt to adapt to very old
   installed versions of the ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick programs
   "convert".  They search the output of convert's "-help" option, and
   use "-trim" if that string is found; otherwise, the old "-crop 0x0"
   method (which produces incompatible results on versions that _do_
   support "-trim") is used.  The programs emit a warning to standard
   error if the search fails and the old method is used.

*  eqn2graph no longer supports the "-unsafe" option.  It did nothing.

*  groffer now supports the output of XHTML.  Use the "--xhtml" or
   "--mode=xhtml" command-line options to generate it.

*  Much work has been done, and is ongoing, to make groff's man pages
   better examples for man page writers to follow.  groff_man(7) itself
   has been expanded and largely rewritten to more precisely document
   the macro package's behavior and to be more helpful and accessible to
   man page writers who may never read any other groff documentation.


VERSION 1.22.3
==============

Gxditview
---------

*  X11 resources for `gxditview', which were previously installed in
   /usr/X11/lib/X11/app-defaults no matter which `prefix' was set, are
   now installed in appresdir=$prefix/lib/X11/app-defaults.  If
   `appresdir' is not a standard X11 resource directory, the environment
   variable XFILESEARCHPATH should be set to this path.  The standard
   default directories depends on the system `libXt'.  Common
   directories include:

     /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults
     /usr/share/X11/app-defaults
     /etc/X11/app-defaults

   Note that if the option `--with-appresdir' is passed to `configure',
   the `prefix' will not be added to `appresdir'.

Glilypond
---------

*  This new preprocessor (contributed by Bernd Warken) allows embedding
   of code for GNU LilyPond (http://www.lilypond.org), a music
   typesetter.  The data gets automatically processed and embedded as
   EPS images.

Gperl
-----

*  Bernd Warken contributed a new preprocessor to handle Perl code that
   can be evaluated and then processed by groff.

Gpinyin
-------

*  Another preprocessor from Bernd Warken to pretty-print Pinyin
   syllables like `guo2wang2' as `gu�w�ng'.

Pdfroff
-------

*  The pdfroff utility script now activates its `--no-toc-relocation'
   option by default, unless a request similar to:

     .if !\n[PHASE] .tm pdfroff-option:set toc_relocation=enabled

   is invoked during input file processing; (`.if !\n[PHASE] ...'
   ensures that the effect of the `.tm' request is restricted to the
   document setup phase of processing, as pdfroff sets it to 1 or 2 in
   the output phase, but leaves it unset in the setup phase).

   The bundled `spdf.tmac' macro package, which implicitly activates
   `-mpdfmark' for `ms' macro users, ensures that TOC relocation is
   appropriately enabled, when the `.TC' macro is invoked.

Macro Packages
--------------

*  New default values for hyphenation.  The previous values were too
   strict, suppressing some hyphenation points unnecessarily.

*  The -mom macro package now has full support for eqn, pic, and tbl, as
   well as captioning and labelling of PDF images and preprocessor
   output.  Lists of Figures, Equations, and Tables can now be
   autogenerated.  PDF_IMAGE has a new FRAME option.

*  A French introduction to the -me macro package has been added (file
   `meintro_fr.me').

*  In -mdoc, command %C is now available, providing a city or place
   reference.


VERSION 1.22.2
==============

Tbl
---

*  The character `#' can now be used as an eqn delimiter within tables.

Eqn
---

*  A GNU extension

     delim on

   has been added to reactivate delimiters which have been disabled with
   `delim off'.


VERSION 1.22.1
==============

(There was no release 1.22.)

Groff
-----

*  A new option `-j' has been added to call the `chem' preprocessor.

Tbl
---

*  Improved line numbering support.

Macro Packages
--------------

*  Support for the `refer' preprocessor has been added to the -mm macro
   package.

*  In -me, the `TH' macro was changed for compatibility with line number
   support in tables.

  `bl' now works inside of blocks.

  The behaviour of centered blocks has been improved.

  Line numbering support has been improved.

*  The -mom macro package has reached version 2.0, focusing on PDF
   output with gropdf (using the new `pdfmom' wrapper script).  See the
   file `version-2.html' of the -mom documentation for a list of the
   many changes.

*  Some generic Unicode fallback characters (mainly Roman numerals) have
   been added.

Gropdf
------

*  A new driver for generating PDF output directly, contributed by Deri
   James <deri@chuzzlewit.myzen.co.uk>.  Note that this driver is
   written in Perl, thus you need a working Perl installation to run
   this output device.

Pdfmom
------

*  A new wrapper around groff that facilitates the production of PDF
   documents from files formatted with the -mom macros.


VERSION 1.21
============

Troff
-----

*  The new `lsm' request specifies a macro to be invoked when leading
   spaces in an input line are encountered (which are removed then).
   Number registers `lsn' and `lss' hold the number of removed leading
   spaces and the corresponding horizontal space, respectively.

*  There is a new warning category `file', enabled by default.  The
   `mso' request emits warnings in this category when the requested
   macro file does not exist.

*  The new `class' request assigns a short name to a set of characters
   which can be referred to in the `cflags' request.  This is especially
   useful to control line-breaking and hyphenation rules in CJK
   languages.

*  Three new values for the `cflags' request have been added, which are
   needed for proper CJK support.

     128  prohibit before but allow break after character
     256  prohibit after but allow break before character
     512  allow break before and after character

Tbl
---

*  A new global option `nowarn' suppresses warnings if tables are longer
   than the current line width.

Afmtodit
--------

*  New option `-o' to specify the name of the output file.

Macro Packages
--------------

*  A new macro `%U' has been added to the mdoc package to indicate a URL
   reference within an .Rs/.Re environment.

*  Rudimentary support for the Japanese script has been added, most
   suitable for man page handling as output by grotty.  The file
   `ja.tmac' contains the necessary setup to allow line breaks before
   and after CJK characters (with proper exceptions).  Note, however,
   that no inter-character spacing is implemented yet -- this usually
   causes many warnings about bad line breaks.


VERSION 1.20.1
==============

A packaging error made it necessary to publish this release.  No
user-visible changes.


VERSION 1.20
============

Groff
-----

*  XHTML support has been added to grohtml and can be specified by
   -Txhtml.  This option also utilizes the MathML capability of eqn and
   combines the outputs of both in the final XHTML file.  Users can also
   specify the `-P-V' option together with `-Txhtml' in groff.  This has
   the effect of creating an XHTML validator button at the bottom of
   each page.

*  Some options have been added to control a new preprocessor, `preconv'
   (see below): `-k' activates it, `-K' sets the input encoding, and
   `-D' sets the default encoding.

*  A new environment variable `GROFF_ENCODING' sets the encoding of
   input files; it implies command option `-k'.

Troff
-----

*  Two new requests `device' and `devicem' have been added which are
   equivalents to the \X and \Y escapes, respectively.

*  A new read-only number register `.br' is available which is set to 1
   if a macro is called as .foo and to 0 if called as 'foo.  This allows
   to reliably modify requests.

     .als bp@orig bp
     .de bp
     .  tm before bp
     .  ie \\n[.br] .bp@orig
     .  el 'bp@orig
     .  tm after bp
     ..

*  A new request `fzoom' has been added to adjust the optical size of a
   font in relation to the others.  The zoom factor is given in integer
   multiples of 1/1000th.  In the following example, the CR font is
   magnified by 10% (the zoom factor is 1.1).

     .fam P
     .fzoom CR 1100
     .ps 12
     Palatino and \f[CR]Courier\f[]

   The new number register `.zoom' holds the zoom value of the current
   font, in multiples of 1/1000th.

*  The `cflags' request has been extended with a new flag value 64, to
   be used in combination with values 2 (break before character) and 4
   (break after character).  If set, the hyphenation codes of the
   surrounding characters are ignored.

*  A new debugging request, `pev', has been added to print all of the
   current known environments to stderr.  It first prints the state of
   the current environment, then iterates through all of the known
   environments, printing each except the one that is current.

*  A new escape `\$^' has been added.  It represents the parameters of a
   macro as if they were an argument to the `ds' request.  This is used
   by `trace.tmac'.

*  A new read-only number register `.O' is available which returns the
   current suppression level as set by the `\O' escape.

*  The space width emitted by the `\|' and `\^' escape sequences can be
   controlled on a per-font basis.  If there is a glyph named `\|' or
   `\^', respectively (note the leading backslash), defined in the
   current font file, use this glyph's width instead of the default
   value.

   This behaviour is not new, but hasn't been documented before.

Nroff
-----

*  Two new command line options `-w' and `-W' are accepted and passed to
   groff to enable and disable warning messages, respectively.

Preconv
-------

*  This is a new preprocessor to convert various input encodings to
   something groff understands (this is, ASCII and \[uXXXX] entities,
   with `XXXX' a hexadecimal number with 4 to 6 digits, representing a
   Unicode input code).  Normally, preconv should be invoked with
   options `-k' and `-K' of groff.  See the preconv man page for
   details.

Pic
---

*  int(x) now really behaves as documented: It truncates the non-integer
   part of x, this is, it rounds toward zero and not toward the next
   integer less than or equal to x.

*  Pic now supports up to 32 macro arguments (and up to 16 on EBCDIC
   platforms).

*  Heinz-J�rgen �rtel contributed code for two new keywords, `xslanted'
   and `yslanted', which can change the shape of boxes into arbitrary
   parallelograms.

Tbl
---

*  Latest versions of DWB tbl introduced an `x' column specifier for a
   single column expanded to the line width.  GNU tbl has now been
   extended to support even multiple `x' specifiers within a table.

*  To avoid collision with the new `x' specifier, a block formatting
   macro must now be selected with specifier letter `m'.

Eqn
---

*  Eric S. Raymond has added a new device type to eqn, MathML.  When
   -TMathML is enabled, eqn now emits MathML formula markup rather than
   groff commands.  The new groff -Txhtml device uses this.

Chem
----

*  The preprocessor `chem' was added.  `chem' is a roff language to
   generate chemical structure diagrams.  It generates `pic' output.

Grops
-----

*  The PS font definition files have been regenerated with newer AFM
   versions from Adobe's 35 core fonts as present in most Level 2 PS
   printers.  The changes are minor (most notably, the addition of the
   `Euro' glyph and an extended set of kerning values).

   For backward compatibility, the old set of font definition files is
   still available; for details please read the man page of grops.

Grotty
------

*  \D'p...' is now supported if the polygon consists entirely of
   horizontal and vertical lines.

Grohtml
-------

*  XHTML support has been added.

*  New command line option `-V' (to be used in XHTML mode) to produce an
   XHTML validator button.

*  New command line option `-y' to produce a right-justified groff
   signature at the end of the document (in combination with option
   `-V').

Gxditview
---------

*  Support for keyboard navigation has been improved.

*  Similar to other X11 applications, there are now two resource files,
   `GXditview' and `GXditview-color'.

Groffer
-------

*  `groffer' version 1.* exists now in a shell and a Perl version.

Afmtodit
--------

*  New option `-c' to output more font information as comments.

*  New option `-k' to suppress output of kerning data.

*  New option `-f NAME' to set the internal name of the groff font.

Macro Packages
--------------

*  Joachim Walsdorff contributed the `hdtbl' package for the generation
   of tables, using a syntax very similar to the HTML table model.  For
   example, a table with two cells and two rows looks like this:

     .TBL cols=2
     .  TR .TD 1*1 .TD 1*2
     .  TR .TD 2*1 .TD 2*2
     .ETB

   Here the same table using a more expanded syntax:

     .TBL cols=2
     .  TR
     .    TD 1*1
     .    TD 1*2
     .  TR
     .    TD 2*1
     .    TD 2*2
     .ETB

   Tables can be nested; `hdtbl' works without a preprocessor so that
   the full capability of groff's macro engine is available.

   This package currently works with `-Tps' only.

*  -mandoc now supports multiple man pages (in either man or mdoc
   format).

*  Fabrice M�nard contributed locales support.  In particular, it is now
   possible to get French localization of the main macro packages (-ms,
   -mm, -me, and -mom, but not -man and -mdoc which are localized
   differently) by appending `-mfr' to the list of macro packages.
   Example:

     groff -ms -mfr foo > foo.ps

   Note that latin-9 input encoding is used for French (to support the
   `oe' ligature).

*  Swedish macro localization (with `-msv') has been added.

*  German macro localization (with `-mde' and `-mden' for traditional
   and new orthography, respectively) has been added.

*  Czech macro localization (with `-mcs') has been added.

   Note that latin-2 input encoding is used for Czech.

*  A new macro `Dx' has been added to the mdoc package which identifies
   the DragonFly OS.

*  If mdoc is used to print multiple man pages (together with the -rcR=0
   command line option), each man page now starts a new page.

*  -mtrace has been considerably improved, now showing number and string
   register assignments, among other things.  See the groff_trace man
   page for details.

*  The PSPIC macro now works with all devices (producing a hollow
   rectangle on devices which don't support inclusion of PS images) and
   is loaded in troffrc at start-up.

*  A new auxiliary macro package `62bit' has been added which provides
   some macros for adding, multiplying, and dividing signed 62bit
   integers (mainly to handle normal groff number operations without
   risking overflow errors).

*  For -ms, Eric S. Raymond contributed support for ancient Bell Labs
   localisms `.SC', `.UC', `.P1', and `.P2'.  The latter three are
   enabled only after .SC is called.

*  A new string, `SN-STYLE', has been added to the ms macros,
   controlling the formatting of section numbers in headings defined by
   `.NH'.

*  The new macro package `ptx' provides a template definition for the
   `.xx' macro as needed by GNU ptx (for creating permuted indices).


VERSION 1.19.2
==============

Troff
-----

*  Analogously to the .ft and \f pair, two new requests `gcolor' and
   `fcolor' (which pair with \m and \M, respectively) have been added to
   set the glyph and background colours.

*  A new read-only, string-valued register `.sty' returns the name of
   the current style.

*  Two new conditional operators `F <name>' and `S <name>' have been
   added.  `F' is true if a font <name> exists.  `S' is true if a style
   <name> has been registered.

*  Cyrillic characters have been added to the `utf8' and `html' output
   devices.

Pic
---

*  The `by' argument in a `for' loop can now be negative if it is
   additive.  For the multiplicative case, it must be greater than zero.

Eqn
---

*  The following keywords aren't new but haven't been documented
   previously:

     undef NAME    (to undefine a macro)
     copy  "FILE"  (a synonym for `include')
     space n       (to modify the vertical spacing before and after
                    an equation)

*  The following macros aren't new but haven't been documented
   previously:

    Alpha, ..., Omega   (the same as `ALPHA', ..., `OMEGA')
    ldots               (three dots on the baseline)
    dollar              (a dollar glyph)

*  The following keywords have been extended.  Again, this isn't new but
   hasn't been documented previously:

     col n { ... }
     lcol n { ... }
     rcol n { ... }
     ccol n { ... }
     pile n { ... }
     lpile n { ... }
     rpile n { ... }
     cpile n { ... }   (set vertical spacing between rows to N)

Grohtml
-------

*  This device driver has been raised to beta stage; its set of tags
   should be stable now.

*  New command line option `-s' to set the base point size.

*  New command line option `-S' to set the split level while generating
   multiple files.

Grotty
------

*  Experimental support for zero-width and double-width characters.

Gxditview
---------

*  On platforms which have the X Window System this program is now built
   and installed automatically.

Xtotroff
--------

*  This program to create font definition files for xditview isn't new
   but hasn't been installed previously.

Groffer
-------

*  A security problem (reported as CAN-2004-0969) has been fixed.

Gdiffmk
-------

*  A new script contributed by Mike Bianchi.  It compares two groff,
   nroff, or troff documents and creates an output with added margin
   characters (using `.mc') to indicate the differences.

Pdfroff
-------

*  A new wrapper script contributed by Keith Marshall to easily create
   PDF documents with groff.

Macro packages
--------------

*  ms.tmac

   .  Support for fractional point sizes: A value for the `PS', `VS',
      `FPS', and `VPS' register larger than or equal to 1000 is always
      divided by 1000.  For example, `.nr PS 10250' sets the document's
      font size to 10.25 points.

   .  The `Ds' and `De' macros provided in ms since groff version 1.19
      have been removed; the equivalent `DS' and `DE' macros should be
      used instead.  X11 documents which actually use `Ds' and `De'
      always load a specific macro file from the X11 distribution
      (`macros.t') which provides proper definitions for the two macros.

   .  The following registers have been added for improving layout
      control:

      PORPHANS
        Defines number of lines following `LP', `PP', `QP', `IP' or `XP'
        which must be kept together, before any automatic page break.

      HORPHANS
        Sets number of lines of following paragraph which must be kept
        with a heading, defined by `NH' or `SH', before any automatic
        page break.

      GROWPS
        Sets the first level of heading (set with `NH') which keeps the
        same point size as body text.

      PSINCR
        Sets the point size increment for each level of heading (set
        with `NH'), below the threshold level set by `GROWPS'; e.g., if
        \n[PS] = 10, \n[GROWPS] = 3 and \n[PSINCR] = 2.0p, then `.NH 1'
        produces 14pt headings, `.NH 2' produces 12pt, and all other
        levels remain at 10pt (because \n[PS] = 10).

   .  The `SH' macro now accepts a numeric argument, to make heading
      size match that of `NH' with same argument value when the
      `GROWPS'/`PSINCR' feature is enabled.

   Please refer to the documentation of the ms package for other, minor
   improvements.

*  me.tmac

   The section type set with the `++' request is available in the `_M'
   register.  This isn't new but hasn't been documented before.

*  www.tmac

   The `HR' macro no longer causes an empty line for non-HTML devices.

   A new macro `HEAD' has been added to directly add data to the
   <head>...</head> block.

   New macros `OLS' and `OLE' to start and end an ordered list.

   New macros `DLS' and `DLE' to start and end a definition list.

Pdfmark
-------

*  A new macro package contributed by Keith Marshall which implements
   PDF marks.  This is in alpha stage currently.

Miscellaneous
-------------

*  Two new keywords to the DESC file have been added which are needed
   for grohtml: `image_generator' and `unscaled_charwidths'.  The former
   gives the name of the program which creates PNG images, and the
   latter makes troff always use unscaled character widths.


VERSION 1.19.1
==============

Groff
-----

*  The argument of the command line option `-I' is now also passed to
   troff and grops, specifying a directory to search for files on the
   command line, files named in `so' and `psbb' requests, and files
   named in \X'ps: file' and \X'ps: import' escapes.

*  If option `-V' is used more than once, the commands are both printed
   on standard error and run.

Troff
-----

*  Two new read-only, string-valued registers `.m' and `.M' return the
   name of the current drawing and background color, respectively.

*  New read-only register `.U' which is set to 1 if in unsafe mode, and
   0 otherwise.

*  An input encoding file for latin-5 (a.k.a. ISO 8859-9) has been
*  added.  Example use:

     groff -Tdvi -mlatin5 my_file > my_file.dvi

   Note that some output devices don't support all glyphs of this
   encoding.

*  If the `return' request is called with an argument, it exits twice,
   namely the current macro and the macro one level higher.  This is
   used to define a wrapper macro for `return' in trace.tmac.

*  For completeness, two new requests have been added: `dei1' and
   `ami1'.  They are equivalent to `dei' and `ami', respectively, but
   the macros are executed with compatibility mode off (similar to `de1'
   and `am1').

*  New command line option `-I' to specify a directory for files (both
   those on the command line and those named in `psbb' requests).  This
   is also handled by the groff wrapper program.

*  Since version 1.19 you can say `.vs 0'.  Older versions emit a
   warning and convert this to `.vs \n[.V]'.

   This hasn't been documented properly.  Note that `.vs 0' isn't saved
   in a diversion since it doesn't result in vertical motion.

Pic
---

*  Dashed and dotted ellipses have been implemented.

Tbl
---

*  New specifier `x' to make tbl call a user-defined macro on a table
   cell.  Patch by Heinz-J�rgen Oertel <hj.oertel@surfeu.de>.

Grap2graph
----------

*  A new script contributed by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>.  It
   converts a grap diagram into a cropped image.  Since it uses gs and
   the PNM library, virtually all graphics formats are available for
   output.  [Note that the grap program itself isn't part of the groff
   package; see the file MORE.STUFF how to obtain grap.]

Grohtml
-------

*  New option `-j' to emit output split into multiple files.

Grops
-----

*  New command line option `-I' to specify a directory to search for
   files on the command line and files named in \X'ps: import' and
   \X'ps: file' escapes.  This is also handled by the groff wrapper
   program.

*  The default value for the `broken' keyword in the DESC file is now 0.

Grolj4
------

*  A new man page `lj4_font(5)' documents how fonts are accessed with
   grolj4.

*  The built-in fonts for LJ4 and newer PCL 5 devices have been
   completely revised, mainly to access as much glyphs as possible.  The
   provided metric files should be compatible with recent PCL 5 printers
   also.  Additionally, font description files have been added for the
   Arial and Times New Roman family, the MS symbol, and Wingdings fonts.

Afmtodit
--------

*  New option `-x' to prevent use of built-in Adobe Glyph List.

Hpftodit
--------

*  Completely revised to handle HP TrueType metric files also.  See the
   hpftodit manual page for more details.

Groffer
-------

*  This version is a rewrite of groffer in many parts, but it is kept in
   the old single script style.

   New options: --text, --mode text, --tty-viewer, --X, --mode X,
   --X-viewer, --html, --mode html, --html-view, --apropos-data,
   --apropos-devel, --apropos-progs.

   New documentation file: README_SH.

   Enhancement of the configuration files and the `apropos' handling.

Macro Packages
--------------

*  www.tmac: New macro `JOBNAME' to split output into multiple files.

*  In mdoc, multiple calls to `.Lb' are now supported in the LIBRARY
   section.


VERSION 1.19
============

Troff
-----

*  Input encoding files for latin-9 (a.k.a. latin-0 and ISO 8859-15) and
   latin-2 (ISO 8859-2) have been added.  Example use:

     groff -Tdvi -mlatin9 my_file > my_file.dvi

   You still need proper fonts with the necessary glyphs.  Out of the
   box, the groff package supports latin-9 only for -Tps, -Tdvi, and
   -Tutf8, and latin-2 only for -Tdvi and -Tutf8.

*  Composite glyphs are now supported.  To do this, a subset of the
   Adobe Glyph List (AGL) Algorithm as described in

    http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/opentype/index_glyph.html

   is used to construct glyph names based on Unicode character codes.
   The existing groff glyph names are frozen; no glyph names which can't
   be constructed algorithmically will be added in the future.

   The \[...] escape sequence has been extended to specify multiple
   glyph components.  Example:

     \[A ho]

   this accesses a glyph with the name `u0041_0328'.

   Some groff glyphs which are useful as composites map to `wrong'
   Unicode code points.  For example, `ho' maps to U+02DB which is a
   spacing ogonek, whereas a non-spacing ogonek U+0328 is needed for
   composite glyphs.  The new request

     .composite from to

   changes the mapping while a composite glyph name is constructed.  To
   make \[A ho] yield the expected result,

     .composite ho u0328

   is needed.  [The new file `composite.tmac' loaded at start-up already
   contains proper calls to `.composite'.]

   Please refer to the info pages of groff and to the groff_char man
   page for more details.

*  A new request `fschar' has been added to define font-specific
   fallback characters.  They are searched after the list of fonts
   declared with the `fspecial' request but before the list of fonts
   declared with `special'.

*  Fallback characters defined with `fschar' can be removed with the
   new `rfschar' request.

*  A new request `schar' has been added to define global fallback
   characters.  They are searched after the list of fonts declared with
   the `special' request but before the already mounted special fonts.

*  In groff versions 1.18 and 1.18.1, \D'f ...' didn't move the current
   point horizontally.  Despite of being silly, this change has been
   reverted for backward compatibility.  Consequently, the intermediate
   output command `Df' also moves the position horizontally again.

   \D'f ...' is deprecated since it depends on the horizontal motion
   quantum of the output device (given with the `hor' parameter in the
   DESC file).  Use the new \D'Fg ...' escape instead.

*  For orthogonality, new \D subcommands to change the fill color are
   available:

     \D'Fr ...' (rgb)
     \D'Fc ...' (cmy)
     \D'Fg ...' (gray)
     \D'Fk ...' (cmyk)
     \D'Fd'     (default color)

   The arguments are the same as with the `defcolor' request.  The
   current position is *not* changed.

*  The values set with \H and \S are now available in number registers
   \n[.height] and \n[.slant], respectively.

*  The `.pe' number register isn't new but hasn't been documented
   before.  It is set to 1 during a page ejection caused by the `bp'
   request.

*  The new glyph symbol `tno' is a textual variant of `no'.

*  The new glyph symbol `+e' represents U+03F5, GREEK LUNATE EPSILON
   SYMBOL.  (Well, it is not really new since it has been previously
   supported by grolj4.)  The mapping for both the dvi and lj4 symbol
   font has been changed accordingly so that Greek small letter epsilon,
   `*e', has the same glyph shape as with other devices.

Grops
-----

*  The font `freeeuro.pfa' has been added to provide various default
   glyph shapes for `eu' and `Eu'.

*  It is now possible to access all glyphs in a Type 1 font, not only
   256 (provided the font file created by afmtodit has proper entries).
   grops constructs additional encoding vectors on the fly if necessary.

*  The paper size is now emitted via the %%DocumentMedia and PageSize
   mechanisms so that it is no longer required to tell `gv' or `ps2pdf'
   about the paper size.  The `broken' flag value 16 omits this feature
   (the used PostScript command `setpagedevice' is a LanguageLevel 2
   extension) -- if you intend to further process grops output to get an
   encapsulated PS (EPS) file you must also use this option.

   Patch by Egil Kvaleberg <egil@kvaleberg.no>.

*  Non-slanted PostScript metrics have been changed again; they no
   longer contain negative left italic correction values.  This assures
   correct spacing with eqn.

Grodvi
------

*  The font cmtex10 has been added as the special font `SC' to the DVI
   fonts.  It is used as a font-specific special font for CW and CWI.

*  New options -l and -p to set landscape orientation and the paper
   size.  grodvi now emits a `papersize' special which is understood by
   DVI drivers like dvips.

   Consequently, the DESC file should contain a `papersize' keyword.

*  The glyph shapes for \[*f] and \[*e] have been exchanged with \[+f]
   and \[+e], respectively, to be in sync with all other devices.

*  Glyphs \[HE] and \[DI] have been replaced with \[u2662] and \[u2661],
  respectively, since the former two glyphs have a black (filled) shape
  which grodvi doesn't provide by default (it never has actually).

Grolj4
------

*  The glyphs \[*e] and \[+e] have been exchanged to be in sync with all
   other devices.

*  The glyph \[~=] is now called \[|=].  Similar to other devices, \[~=]
   is now another name for glyph \[~~].

Grotty
------

*  New option `-r'.  It is similar to the -i option except it tells
   grotty to use the `reverse video' attribute to render italic fonts.

Pic
---

*  New command `figname' to set the name of a picture's output box in
   TeX mode.

Refer
-----

*  The environment variable `REFER' to override the name of the default
   database isn't new but hasn't been documented before.

Soelim
------

*  New option `-r' to avoid emission of `.lf' lines.

*  New option `-t' to emit TeX comment lines (giving current file and
   the line number) instead of `.lf' lines.

Afmtodit
--------

*  Unencoded glyphs in an AFM file are output also (since grops can now
   emit multiple encoding vectors for a single font).

*  New option `-m' to prevent negative left italic correction values.

*  The mapping and encoding file together with file `DESC' are now
   searched in the default font directory also.  Please refer to the man
   page of afmtodit for more details.

Macro Packages
--------------

*  Larry Kollar <kollar@alltel.net> and others made the man macros more
   customizable.

   .  New command line options -rFT, -rIN, and -rSN to set the vertical
      location of the footer line, the body text indentation, and the
      sub-subheading indentation.

   .  New command line option -rHY (similar to the ms macros) to control
      hyphenation.

   .  New macros `.PT' and `.BT' to print the header and footer strings.
      They can be replaced with a customized version in `man.local'.

   .  The string `HF' now holds the typeface to print headings and
      subheadings.

   .  Similar to the ms macros, the LT register now defaults to LL if
      not explicitly specified on the command line.

*  troff's start-up file `troffrc' now includes `papersize.tmac' to set
   the paper size with the command line option `-dpaper=<size>'.

   Possible values for `<size>' are the same as the predefined
   `papersize' values in the DESC file (only lowercase; see the
   groff_font man page) except a7-d7.  An appended `l' (ell) character
   denotes landscape orientation.  Examples: `a4', `c3l', `letterl'.

   Most output drivers need additional command line switches `-p' and
   `-l' to override the default paper length and orientation as set in
   the driver specific DESC file.

   For example, use the following for PS output on A4 paper in landscape
   orientation:

     groff -Tps -dpaper=a4l -P-pa4 -P-l -ms foo.ms > foo.ps


VERSION 1.18.1
==============

Troff
-----

*  The non-slanted PostScript font definition files have been
   regenerated to include left and right italic correction values.
   Applying those to a glyph (this is, prepending the glyph with `\,'
   and appending `\/' to the glyph) sets the glyph width to the real
   value given by the horizontal bounding box values.  Without those
   escapes, the advance width for the particular glyph is used (which
   can differ considerably).

   Most users will neither need this feature nor notice a difference in
   existing documents (provided \, and \/ is used as advertised, namely
   for italic fonts only); its main goal is to improve image generation
   with grohtml.

   This is an experimental change, and feedback is welcome.

Tbl
---

*  Added global option `nospaces' to ignore leading and trailing spaces
   in data items.

Grolbp
------

*  The option -w (--linewidth) has been added (similar to other device
   drivers) to set the default line width.

Grn
---

*  Support for b-spline and Bezier curves has been added.

Groffer
-------

*  New option `--shell' to select the shell under which groffer shall
   run.

Macro Packages
--------------

*  The string `Am' (producing an ampersand) has been added to mdoc for
   compatibility with NetBSD.

*  `.IX' is now deprecated for mom; you should use `.IQ' (Indent Quit)
   instead.

*  In mom, new inlines `FWD', `BCK', `UP', and `DOWN' deal with
   horizontal and vertical movements; please refer to contrib/mom/NEWS
   for more details.

*  New macro ENDNOTES_HDRFTR_CENTER for mom to better control headers.

Miscellaneous
-------------

*  The `papersize' keyword in the DESC file now accepts multiple
   arguments.  It is scanned from left to the right, and the first valid
   argument is used. This makes it possible to provide a fallback paper
   size.

   Example:

     papersize /etc/papersize a4

*  A local font directory has been prepended to the default font path;
   it defaults to /usr/local/share/groff/site-font.  Similar to the
   normal font searching process, files must be placed into a devXXX
   subdirectory, e.g.,

     /usr/local/share/groff/site-font/devps/FOO

   for a PostScript font definition file FOO.


VERSION 1.18
============

************************************************************************
 PLEASE READ THE CHANGES BELOW REGARDING GROTTY, GROFF'S TTY FRONTEND.
************************************************************************

Troff
-----

*  Color support has been added to troff and pic (and to the device
   drivers grops, grodvi, grotty, and grohtml -- other preprocessors and
   drivers will follow).  A new function `defcolor' defines colors; the
   escape sequence `\m' sets the drawing color, the escape sequence `\M'
   specifies the background color for closed objects created with
   \D'...' commands.  `\m[]' and `\M[]' switch back to the previous
   color.  `\m' and `\M' correspond to the new troff output command sets
   starting with `m' and `DF'.  The device-specific default color is
   called `default' and can't be redefined.

   Use the `color' request to toggle the usage of colors (default is
   on); the read-only register `.color' is 0 if colors are not active,
   and non-zero otherwise.

   The old `Df' output command is mapped onto `DFg'; all color output
   commands don't change the current font position (consequently, `Df'
   doesn't either).

   Outputting color can be disabled in troff and groff with the option
   -c (it is always disabled in compatibility mode).  See the section on
   grotty for the GROFF_NO_SGR environment variable also.

   For defining color components as fractions between 0 and 1, a new
   scaling indicator `f' has been introduced: 1f = 65536u.  For testing
   whether a color is defined (with .if and .ie), a new conditional
   operator `m' is available.

   More details can be found in the groff_diff.7 manual page and in
   groff.texinfo.

*  Similar to \m and \M, \f[] switches back to the previous font.  \fP
   (and \f[P]) is still valid for backward compatibility.

*  The new escape \F is the same as `.fam'; \F[] switches back to
   previous family -- \F[P] selects family `P'.

*  Two new glyph symbols are available: `eu' is the official Euro
   symbol; `Eu' is a font-specific glyph variant.

*  The new glyph symbols `t+-', `tdi', and `tmu' are textual variants of
  `+-', `di', and `mu', respectively.

*  Latin-1 character 181 (PS name `mu', Unicode name U+00B5 MICRO SIGN)
   has got the troff glyph name `mc'.

*  -Tutf8 is now available on EBCDIC hosts.

*  Strings can take arguments, using this syntax: \*[foo arg1 arg2 ...].
   Example:

     .ds xxx This is a \\$1 test.
     \*[xxx nice]

*  It is now possible to have whitespace between the first and second
   dot (or the name of the ending macro) to end a macro definition.
   Example:

     .de !
     ..
     .
     .de foo
     .  nop Hello, I'm `foo'.
     .  nop I will now define `bar'.
     .  de bar !
     .    nop Hello, I'm `bar'.
     .  !
     ..

*  `.fn' is a new string-valued register that returns the resolved font
   font name; a font family and abstract style are catenated.

*  Three new read/write registers `seconds', `minutes', and `hours'
   contain the current time, set at start-up of troff.  Use the `af'
   request to control their output format.

*  The new request `fchar' can be used to provide fallback characters.
   It has the same syntax as the `char' request; the only difference is
   that a character defined with `.char' hides the glyph with the same
   name in the current font, whereas a character defined with `.fchar'
   is checked only if the particular glyph isn't found in the current
   font.  This test happens before checking special fonts.

*  In analogy to the `tmc' request, `.writec' is the same as `.write'
   but doesn't emit a final newline.

*  The new request `itc' is a variant of `.it' for which a line
   interrupted with \c counts as one input line.

*  Two new requests `ds1' and `as1' which are similar to `ds' and `as'
   but with compatibility mode disabled during expansion of strings
   defined by them.

*  The syntax of the `substring' request has been changed: The first
   character in a string now has index 0, the last character has index
   -1.  Note that this is an incompatible change.

*  To emit strings directly to the intermediate output, a new `output'
   request has been added; it is similar to `\!' used at the top level.

*  `.hpf' has been extended.  It can now handle most TeX hyphenation
   pattern files without modification.  To do that, the commands
   \patterns, \hyphenation, and \endinput are recognized.  Please refer
   to groff_diff.7 for more information.

*  `hpfcode' is a new request to provide an input encoding mapping for
   the `hpf' request.

*  The new request `hpfa' appends hyphenation patterns (`hpf' replaces
   already existing patterns).

*  A new request `ami' (append macro indirect) has been added.  The
   first and second parameter of `ami' are taken from string registers
   rather than directly; this very special request is needed to make
   `trace.tmac' independent from the escape character (which might even
   be disabled).

*  The new request `sizes' is similar to the `sizes' command in DESC
   files.  It expects the same syntax; the data must be on a single
   line, and the final `0' can be omitted.

*  `trin' (translate input) is a new request which is similar to `tr'
    with the exception that the `asciify' request uses the character
    code (if any) before the character translation.  Example:

      .trin ax
      .di xxx
      a
      .br
      .di
      .xxx
      .trin aa
      .asciify xxx
      .xxx

   The result is `x a'.  Using `tr', the result would be `x x'.

*  The request `pvs' isn't new, but hasn't been documented before.  It
   adds vertical space after a line has been output.  This makes it an
   alternative to the `ls' request to produce double-spaced documents.
   The read-only register `.pvs' holds the current amount of the
   post-vertical line space.

*  For compatibility with plan 9's troff, multiple `pi' requests are
   supported:

     .pi foo
     .pi bar

   is now equivalent to

     .pi foo | bar

*  A new escape sequence `\O' is available to disable and enable glyph
   output.  Please see groff_diff.7 and groff.texinfo for more details.

*  The escapes `\%', `\&', `\)', and `\:' no longer cause an error in
   \X; they are ignored now.  Additionally `\ ' and `\~' are converted
   to single space characters.

*  The default tab distance in nroff mode is now 0.8i to be compatible
   with Unix troff.

*  Using the latin-1 input character 0xAD (soft hyphen) for the `shc'
   request was a bad idea.  Instead, it is now translated to `\%', and
   the default hyphenation character is again \[hy].  Note that the
   glyph \[shc] is not useful for typographic purposes; it only exists
   to have glyph names for all latin-1 characters.

Macro Packages
--------------

*  Peter Schaffter <df191@ncf.ca> has contributed a new major macro
   package called `mom', mainly for non-scientific writers, which takes
   care of many typographic issues.  It comes with a complete reference
   (in HTML format) and some examples.  `mom' has been designed to
   format documents for PostScript output only.

*  Two macros `AT' (AT&T) and `UC' (Univ. of California) have been added
   to the man macros for compatibility with older BSD releases.

*  Both the man and mdoc macro packages now use the LL and LT registers
   for setting the line and title length, respectively (similar to those
   registers in the ms macro package).  If not set on the command line
   or in a macro file loaded before the macro package itself, they
   default to 78n in nroff mode and 6.5i in troff mode.

*  The `-xwidth' specifier in the mdoc macro package has been removed.
   Its functionality is now integrated directly into `-width'.
   Similarly, `-column' has been extended to provide this functionality
   also.

*  A new macro `Ex' has been added to the mdoc macro package to document
   an exit status.

*  The PSPIC macro has been extended to work with DVI output
   (`pspic.tmac' is now automatically loaded for -Tdvi), using a dvips
   special to load the EPS file.

*  The trace.tmac package now traces calls to `am' also.  Additionally,
   it works in compatibility mode.

*  `troff.1' has been split.  Differences to Unix troff are now
   documented in the new man page `groff_diff.7'.

*  `groff_mwww.7' has been renamed to `groff_www.7'.  The file mwww.tmac
   has been removed.

*  `groff_ms.7' has been completely rewritten.  It now contains a
   complete reference to the ms macros.

*  `groff_trace.7' documents the trace macro package.

*  Changes in www.tmac:

   Note that HTML support is still in alpha change, so it is rather
   likely that both macro names and macro syntax will change.  Some of
   the macros mentioned below aren't really new but haven't been
   documented properly before.

   The following macros have been renamed:

       MAILTO     -> MTO
       IMAGE      -> IMG
       LINE       -> HR

   For consistency, the macros `URL', `FTL', and `MTO' now all have the
   address as the first parameter followed by the description.

   By default, grohtml generates links to all section headings at the
   top of the document.  Use the new `LK' macro to specify a different
   place.

   For specifying the background color and a background image, use the
   new macros `BCL' and `BGIMG', respectively.

   The macro `NHR' has been added; it suppresses the generation of top
   and bottom rules which grohtml emits by default.

   The new macro `HX' determines the cut-off point for automatic link
   generation to headings.

   The image position parameter names in `IMG' have been changed to
   `-L', `-R', and `-C'.

   New macro `PIMG' for inclusion of a PNG image (it automatically
   converts it into an EPS file if not -Thtml is used).

   New macro `MPIMG' for putting a PNG image into the left or right
   margin (it automatically converts it into an EPS file if not -Thtml
   is used).

   New macros `HnS', `HnE' to start and end a header line block.

   New macro `DC' to produce dropcap characters.

   New macro `HTL' to generate an HTML title line only but no H1
   heading.

   New macros `ULS' and `ULE' to start and end an unordered list.  The
   new macro `LI' inserts a list item.

Groff
-----

*  The new command line option `-c' disables color output (which is
   always disabled in compatibility mode).

Nroff
-----

*  Two new command line options `-c' and `-C'; the former passes `-c' to
   grotty (switching to the old output scheme); the latter passes `-C'
   to groff (enabling compatibility mode).

Pic
---

*  New keywords `color' (or `colour', `colored', `coloured'), `outline'
   (or `outlined'), and `shaded' are available.  `outline' sets the
   color of the outline, `shaded' the fill color, and `color' sets both.

   Example:

     circle shaded "green" outline "black" ;

   Filled arrows always use the outline color for filling.

   Color support for TeX output is not implemented yet.

Pic2graph
---------

*  A new script contributed by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>.  It
   converts a PIC diagram into a cropped image.  Since it uses gs and
   the PNM library, virtually all graphics formats are available for
   output.

Eqn2graph
---------

*  A new script contributed by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>.  It
   converts an EQN diagram into a cropped image.  Since it uses gs and
   the PNM library, virtually all graphics formats are available for
   output.

Groffer
-------

*  A new script contributed by Bernd Warken <bwarken@mayn.de>.  It
   displays groff files and man pages on X and tty, taking care of most
   parameters automatically.

Grog
----

*  Documents using the mom macro package are recognized.

Grops
-----

*  Color support has been added.

*  A new option `-p' is available to select the output paper size.  It
   has the same syntax as the new `papersize' keyword in the DESC file.

Grodvi
------

*  By default, font sizes are now available in the range 5-10000pt,
   similar to PS fonts. If you want the old behaviour (i.e., font sizes
   at discrete values only), insert the following at the start of your
   document:

     .if '\*[.T]'dvi' \
     .  sizes 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1095 1200 1400 1440 1600 \
              1728 1800 2000 2074 2200 2400 2488 2800 3600

*  A new font file HBI (using cmssbxo10; this is slanted sans serif bold
   extended) has been added.

*  Two font families are now available: `T' and `H'.

*  EC and TC fonts have been integrated.  Use `-mec' (calling the file
   ec.tmac) to switch to them.  Those fonts give a much better coverage
   of the symbols defined by groff than the CM fonts.

   Note that ec.tmac must be called before any language-specific files;
   it doesn't take care of hcode values.

*  Color support has been added.  For drawing commands, colors are
   translated to gray values currently.

Grotty
------

*  Color support has been added, using the SGR (ISO 6429, sometimes
   called ANSI color) escape sequences.

*  SGR escape sequences are now used by default for underlining and bold
   printing also, no longer using the backspace character trick.  To
   revert to the old behaviour, use the `-c' switch.

   Note that you have to use the `-R' option of `less' to make SGR
   escapes display correctly.  On the other hand, terminal programs and
   consoles like `xterm' which support SGR sequences natively can
   directly display the output of grotty.  Consequently, the options
   `-b', `-B', `-u', and `-U' work only in combination with `-c' and are
   ignored silently otherwise.

   For the `man' program, it may be necessary to add the `-R' option of
   `less' to the $PAGER environment variable (or $MANPAGER, depending on
   the used `man' program); alternatively, you can use `man's `-P'
   option (or adapt its configuration file accordingly).  See man(1) for
   more details.

*  If the environment variable GROFF_NO_SGR is set, SGR output is
   disabled, reverting to the old behaviour.

*  A new special \X'tty: sgr n' has been added; if n is non-zero or
   missing, enable SGR output (the default).

*  If the new option `-i' is used (only in SGR mode), grotty sends
   escape sequences to set the italic font attribute instead of the
   underline attribute for italic fonts.  Note that many terminals don't
   have support for this (including xterm).

Grohtml
-------

*  Color support for glyphs has been added.

*  New option `-h' to select the style of headings in HTML output.

*  New option `-b' to set the background colour to white.

*  New options `-a' and `-g' to control the number of bits for
   anti-aliasing used for text and graphics, respectively.  Default
   value is 4; 0 means no anti-aliasing.

*  groff character/glyph entities now map onto HTML 4 character
   entities.

Grolbp
------

*  Valid paper sizes are now specified as with the new `papersize'
   keyword in the DESC file.  Specifically, the old custom paper type
   format `custAAAxBBB' is no longer supported.

Miscellaneous
-------------

*  A new manual page `ditroff.7' is available.

*  The groff texinfo manual is installed now, together with a bunch of
   examples.

*  A new keyword `papersize' has been added to the DESC file format.
   Its argument is either

   .  a predefined paper format (e.g. `A4' or `letter')

   .  a file name pointing to a file which must contain a paper size
      specification in its first line (e.g. `/etc/papersize')

   .  a custom paper size definition like `35c,4i'

   See groff_font(5) for more details.  This keyword only affects the
   physical dimensions of the output medium; grops, grolj4, and grolbp
   use it currently.  troff completely ignores it.


VERSION 1.17.2
==============

This is major bug-fixing release which should replace 1.17.1.

Troff
-----

*  The `IMAGE' macro in www.tmac has changed: Now the optional 2nd
   parameter gives the horizontal image location (left, centered, or
   right), and the optional 3rd and 4th parameter the image dimensions.


VERSION 1.17.1
==============

This is mainly a bug-fixing release.

Troff
-----

*  Two new requests `de1' and `am1' which are similar to `de' and `am'
   but with compatibility mode disabled during expansion of macros
   defined by them.

*  Added request `brp'.  This is the same as `\p'.

*  Similar to other versions of troff, the `ns' request now works in all
   diversions, not only in the top-level one.

*  New read-only number register `.ns'.  Returns 1 if in no-space mode,
   0 otherwise.

Nroff
-----

*  Options -p (pic) and -t (tbl) added.

*  The environment variable GROFF_BIN_PATH is now checked before PATH
   for finding groff.

Grohtml
-------

*  New option `-D dir' to specify a directory in which all images are
   placed.

*  New option `-I stem' to specify an image name stame.  If not given,
  `grohtml-XXX' is used (`XXX' is the process ID).


VERSION 1.17
============

Groff
-----

*  `-mFOO' now searches first for `FOO.tmac' and then for `tmac.FOO'.
   The old behaviour has been changed to overcome problems with
   platforms which have an 8+3 file name limit, and platforms which have
   other versions of troff installed also.  Additionally, all macro
   files have been renamed using the latter scheme to avoid 8+3 name
   clashes.

*  The new environment variable GROFF_BIN_PATH is checked for programs
   groff is calling (preprocessors, troff, and output devices) before
   PATH.  If not set, it defaults to the directory where the groff
   binary is located.  Previously, it was PATH only.  The nroff script
   only uses GROFF_BIN_PATH to find the groff binary but passes both the
   GROFF_BIN_PATH and PATH environment variables to groff.

Troff
-----

*  The mdoc package has been completely rewritten, using the full power
   of GNU troff to remove limitations of Unix troff (which is no longer
   supported).  Most important changes are:

   .  No argument limit
   .  Almost all macros are parsed and callable (if it makes sense)
   .  `.Lb': prints library names
   .  `.Nm <punctuation>' now works as expected; `.Nm "" <punctuation>'
      has been withdrawn
   .  Updated `.St' command
   .  `.Fx': prints FreeBSD
   .  `.Ox': prints OpenBSD
   .  `.Bsx': prints BSD/OS
   .  `.Brq', `.Bro', `.Brc': brace enclosure macros
   .  `.Bd -centered': center lines
   .  `.Bl -xwidth <string>': interpret <string> and use the resulting
      width
   .  Support for double-sided printing (-rD1 command line switch)
   .  Support for 11pt and 12pt document sizes (-rS11, -rS12 command
      line switches)

   `groff_mdoc.7' replaces `groff_mdoc.samples.7'; it now completely
   documents the mdoc package.

   Great care has been taken to assure backward compatibility.  If you
   encounter any abnormal results, please report them to
   bug-groff@gnu.org.  [2018 UPDATE: This address no longer accepts bug
   reports; please use the GNU Savannah bug tracker at
   http://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?group=groff.]

*  A new command line option for the `man' macros (similar to the `mdoc'
   package) has been implemented: `-rcR=1' (now the default in nroff
   mode) produces one single, very long page instead of multiple pages.
   `-rcR=0' deactivates it.

*  The `return' request has been added to return immediately from a
   macro.

*  A new request `nop' (no operation) has been added which is similar to
   `if 1'.  For example,

     .if t \{\
     Hallo!
     .\}

   can now be written as

     .if t \{\
     .  nop Hallo!
     .\}

*  `box' and `boxa' are two new requests which behave similarly to `di'
   and `da' but don't include a partially filled line (which is restored
   after ending the diversion).

*  The `asciify' request has been extended to `unformat' space
   characters and some other escape sequences also.

  `\ ' is no longer unformatted as a space but remains an unpaddable,
   unbreakable space character.

*  The new `unformat' request is similar to `asciify' but only handles
   space characters and tabs specially if the diversion is interpolated,
   retaining font information.  This makes it possible to reformat
   diversions; for example the following

    .ll 3i
     .
     a01 a02 a03 a04 a05 a06 a07 a08 a09 a10.
     .
     .box box1
     .ev 1
     .nf
     \f[B]b01 b02 b03 b04 b05 b06 b07 b08 b09 b10.\f[P]
     .br
     .ev
     .box
     .
     c01 c02 c03 c04 c05 c06 c07 c08 c09 c10.
     .
     .unformat box1
     .box1

   gives

     a01  a02  a03  a04 a05 a06 a07
     a08 a09 a10.  c01 c02 c03  c04
     c05  c06 c07 c08 c09 c10.  b01
     b02 b03 b04 b05  b06  b07  b08
     b09 b10.

   Without the `unformat' request, space characters are converted to
   word space nodes which are no longer stretchable, and the result
   would be

     a01  a02  a03  a04 a05 a06 a07
     a08 a09 a10.  c01 c02 c03  c04
     c05  c06 c07 c08 c09 c10.  b01
     b02 b03 b04 b05 b06 b07 b08
     b09 b10.

*  The new request `linetabs' controls the `line-tabs' mode.  In
   line-tabs mode, tab distances are computed relative to the (current)
   output line.  Otherwise they are taken relative to the input line.
   For example, the following

     .ds x a\t\c
     .ds y b\t\c
     .ds z c
     .ta 1i 3i
     \*x
     \*y
     \*z

   yields

     a         b         c

   In line-tabs mode, the same code gives

     a         b                   c

   The new read-only number register `.linetabs' returns 1 if in
   line-tabs mode, and 0 otherwise.

*  Two new requests `tm1' and `tmc' have been added to improve writing
   messages to the terminal.  `tm1' is similar to `tm' but allows
   leading whitespace.  `tmc' is similar to `tm1' but doesn't emit a
   final newline.

*  For compatibility with sqtroff, the request `output' has been added.
   The behaviour is similar to `\!' at the top-level, that is, it
   directly inserts its argument into the intermediate output format.
   The syntax is similar to .tm1, allowing leading whitespace.

*  The new `spreadwarn' request makes troff warn if spaces in an output
   line are widened by a given limit or more.

*  Use `warnscale' to change the scaling indicator troff uses for
   warning messages.

*  A new request `dei' (define indirect) has been added.  The first and
   second parameter of `dei' are taken from string registers rather than
   directly; this very special request is needed to make `trace.tmac'
   independent from the escape character (which might even be disabled).

*  It is now possible to save and restore the escape character with two
   new requests `ecs' and `ecr'.

*  The new escape sequence \B'...' is an analogon to `\A': If the string
   within the delimiters is a valid numeric expression, return character
   `1', and `0' otherwise.

*  The new escape sequence `\:' inserts a zero-width break point.  This
   is similar to `\%' but without a soft hyphen character.

*  The `tr' request can now map characters onto `\~'.

*  Calling the `fam' request without an argument switches back to the
   previous font family.

*  The new read-only register `.int' is set to a positive value if the
   last output line is interrupted (i.e., if the input line contains
   `\c').

*  The `writem' request is not new, but hasn't been documented before.
   This is similar to `write' but instead of a string the contents of a
   given macro or string is written to a stream.

*  The read/write number register `hp' to get/set the current horizontal
   position relative to the input line isn't new but hasn't been
   documented properly before.

*  `\X' and `\Y' are now transparent for end-of-sentence recognition.

*  The `cu' request in nroff mode now works as documented (i.e., it
   underlines spaces also).

Grog
----

*  The grog script now works in non-compatibility mode also (which is
   the default).  As usual, use the `-C' option to activate
   compatibility mode.

Grops
-----

*  A new option `-P' resp. a new environment variable `GROPS_PROLOGUE'
   has been added to select a different prologue file.

*  The effect of the former `-mpsnew' option to access more Type 1
   characters is now the default and no longer available.  To get the
   old behaviour (i.e., emulation of some glyphs by composition) use
   `-mpsold'.

Miscellaneous
-------------

*  For security reasons the following changes have been done:

   .  The tmac.safer file has been replaced with a built-in solution;
      .open, .opena, .pso, .sy, and .pi are completely disabled in safer
      mode (which is the default); to enable these requests the `-U'
      command line flag must be used.

   .  Files specified with the .mso request or given with the `-m'
      command line option, and hyphenation patterns loaded with `.hpf'
      are no longer searched in the current directory by default
      (besides the usual tmac path).  Instead, the home directory is
      used.  To add the current directory, either use the `-U' or `-M'
      command line option or set the GROFF_TMAC_PATH environment
      variable to an appropriate value.

   .  troffrc, troffrc-end, and eqnrc are neither searched in the
      current nor in the home directory (even if -U is given).  Use -M
      or GROFF_TMAC_PATH to change that.

   .  Similarly, the current directory is no longer part of the font
      path.  Use the `-F' command line option or the GROFF_FONT_PATH
      environment variable if you really need the current directory.

*  groff now installs its data files into
   /usr/local/share/groff/<version> by default, following the GNU
   standard.  Additionally, a local tmac directory (by default
   /usr/local/share/groff/site-tmac) is scanned before the standard tmac
   directory.  Wrapper files for system-specific macro packages (if
   necessary) are put into /usr/local/lib/groff/site-tmac; this
   directory is searched before the local tmac directory.

*  All programs now have option `-v' to show the version number; they
   exit immediately afterward, following the GNU standards.
   Additionally, `--version' and `--help' have been added, doing the
   obvious actions.


VERSION 1.16.1
==============

Bug fixes only; no user-visible changes.


VERSION 1.16
============

Groff
-----

The anachronism of calling the man macro package with `-man' has been
fixed; now you can say `-m man' also. The same is true for `ms', `me',
`markup', `mandoc', and `mdoc'.

A new switch `-g' for calling `grn' is available.

A new switch `-G' for calling `grap' is available.

EBCDIC support for tty devices has been added.  On such hosts, IBM code
page 1047 is available with -Tcp1047 instead of -Tascii and -Tlatin1
(and, for the moment, -Tutf8).  Note that non-tty devices are not yet
supported (but installed).  [2024 update: This support was withdrawn in
groff 1.24.]

Troff
-----

A new command line option to the `man' macros is available: `-rSxx'
(with `xx' either 10, 11, or 12) to set the base document font size to
`xx' points.  Additionally, `.SH' now produces larger headings than
`.SS'.

To solve a problem with the .PSPIC macro which needs the `-U' switch of
troff to access an external program (psbb), a new request .psbb is now
available to get the bounding box of a PostScript image file.  The
values (in PostScript units) are returned in the new read-only number
registers `llx', `lly', `urx', and `ury'.  Consequently, .PSPIC has been
adapted to use the new request, and the psbb program has been removed.

A new predefined writable number register, `year', has been added.  It
contains the current year.

A new read-only register, `.Y', has been added.  It contains the
revision number of the groff package.

`\fP' now behaves as expected in situations like the following where the
font `foo' is undefined:

  .B bold text
  normal text \f[foo]bar\fP normal text

Previously, the text after \fP appeared as bold.

The `substring' request is not new, but hasn't been documented before.

The predefined `.T' string register (which holds the name of the output
device) is not new, but hasn't been documented before.

A new request `length' computes the length of a string and returns it in
a number register.

The macro files `tmac.a4' (for specifying A4 paper format) and
`tmac.trace' (a debugging aid) are now installed also.

A new resource file, `troffrc-end', is now available.  It is invoked
after all user-specified macros.  Currently used by the html device to
include tmac.html; thus no need for users to specify -mhtml anymore.

The soft hyphen character now has a glyph name: `shc'.

The latin-1 character 173 (PS name `periodcentered') has got the troff
glyph name `pc' and is no longer intermixed with the symbol character
`md' (PS name `mathdot').

ASCII character 34 (PS name `quotedbl') has got the troff glyph name
`dq' (which is an alias to character `"').

ASCII character 39 (PS name `quoteright') has got the troff glyph name
`cq' (which is an alias to character "'").

Some additions to the font description files have been implemented for
better support of HTML output:

  The new format of lines in the `charset' subsection of font
  description files is

     name metrics type code [entity_name] [-- comment]

  Currently, only the font description files in devhtml use the optional
  entity_name string to define glyph entities in HTML.  Everything after
  the entity_name field is ignored; in case this field isn't used, two
  hyphen characters are now necessary to start a comment.

  Two new requests are available in DESC files (currently used only with
  grohtml):

    use_charnames_in_special
      This command indicates that troff should encode named characters
      inside special commands.

    pass_filenames
      requests that troff tells the driver the source file name being
      processed.  This is achieved by another tcommand: `F filename'.

Grotty
------

Bruno Haible <haible@clisp.cons.org> contributed support for UTF8
output.

Grohtml
-------

Added .LINE macro to tmac.arkup.

The obsolete `.LINK' macro has been removed.

.URL, .FTP, and .MAILTO macros now accept an optional third argument
which is immediately appended to the second argument (to be used with
punctuation, for example).

Grodvi
------

The font size 11pt has been changed to 10.95pt (as used in LaTeX 2e).

A new font file CWI (using cmitt10; this is typewriter italic) has been
added.

Grolbp
------

A new driver for Canon CaPSL printers (LBP-4 and LBP-8 series laser
printers).  This code has been contributed by Francisco Andres Verdu
<pandres@dragonet.es>.

Grn
---

A new preprocessor to process gremlin pictures.  It is based on the
original Berkeley implementation of grn, written by David Slattengren
and Barry Roitblat, and has been adapted to groff by Daniel Senderowicz
<daniel@synchrods.com> and Werner Lemberg <wl@gnu.org>.

Pic
---

Added the `srand' command to set the seed for a new sequence of
pseudo-random numbers to be returned by `rand'.

Gxditview
---------

Simplified installation: The Imakefile is now configured (by groff's
configure script).

Documentation
-------------

Three new man pages are available: groff_tmac.5 (documenting how troff
macros are accessed and where they are found), groff.7 (a short
reference of the GNU roff language), and roff.7 (a general survey on GNU
troff).

Miscellaneous
-------------

A partial port to win32 (for use with Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0) is now
part of the distribution.  It has been contributed by Blake McBride
<blake@florida-software.com>.

More information about programs, macros, documentation, etc., which is
related to groff has been collected in the file `MORE.STUFF'.


VERSION 1.13, 1.14, 1.15
========================

Bug fixes only; no user-visible changes.


VERSION 1.12
============

Finally, there are new maintainers for groff.  Mailing lists and a
development repository are available also. See the file README for
details.  Not all reported bugs could be fixed, so please send mails
again if something is still not working.

Most of the installation problems should have vanished now (most notably
the $(tmac_wrap) bug).

There is now a man page called groff_man.7 which documents the basics of
the -man macros.  It has been originally written by Susan G. Kleinmann
<sgk@debian.org>.

A (still incomplete) groff reference manual in texinfo format originally
contributed by Trent A. Fisher <trent@gnurd.portland.or.us>.

me.man and msafer.man have been renamed to groff_me.man resp.
groff_msafer.man for consistency.

Default strings for macros in doc-common resp. tmac.an no longer contain
the word `UNIX'.

groff should now be Y2k safe (fixes contributed by Paul Eggert
<eggert@twinsun.com>).

Following the GNU standards, groff now uses the prefix `/usr/local/' as
the default instead of replacing an existent groff binary.

groff, troff, nroff, and pic now support the -U flag to activate unsafe
behaviour (without -msafer); the -S flag for using the -msafer macros is
now the default.

Grohtml
-------

This is a new output device for producing HTML output contributed by
Gaius Mulley <gaius@glam.ac.uk>.  It is still very alpha but has been
included into the distribution so that a lot of people have a chance to
test it.  Bug reports are highly welcome.

Grolj4
------

Duplex printing support has been contributed by Jeffrey Copeland
<jeff@opennt.com>.

Soelim
------

Added -I option for defining include paths (patch contributed by Peter
Miller <peterm@jna.com.au>).

Gxditview
---------

Fallback resources added (patch contributed by Larry Jones
<larry.jones@sdrc.com>).

Will now support 8 gray levels.

mm
--

New version 1.32 (contributed by Joergen Haegg <jh@axis.com>).


VERSION 1.11
============

Complete documentation for pic is now in the file doc/pic.ms.  It was
contributed by Eric S. Raymond, <esr@thyrsus.com>, who is emphatically
*not* volunteering to take over groff as he is way overworked with half
a dozen other projects.


VERSION 1.10
============

The directory where data files are installed has been changed from
/usr/local/lib/groff to /usr/local/share/groff to comply with the latest
GNU coding standards.

By default groff programs with Unix equivalents are installed with a "g"
prefix unless there is an existing (non-groff) troff installation.

A new approach is used to make system macro packages available to groff.
Instead of simply including /usr/lib/tmac in the list of directories
searched by groff, the installation process creates for each system
macro package a wrapper macro package in the groff macro directory that
references the system macro package.  The groff macro packages are now
installed with a leading "g" prefix if there is a system version of the
same macro package, and otherwise without the "g" prefix, with the
exception that the groff version of -me which is always installed as
-me.

There is a new device, lj4, for the HP LaserJet 4 (and PCL5
compatibles).

Groff
-----

groff has a -S option that prevents the use of unsafe features in pic
and troff.  This uses a new -S option of pic and the -msafer macros for
troff.

Troff
-----

The `blm' request specifies a macro to be invoked when a blank line is
encountered.

Pic
---

A -S (safer) option disables the sh command.

Grops
-----

The -m option enables manual feed.


VERSION 1.09
============

\(rn now produces a character that has the traditional metrics, and form
corners with \(ul and \(br.  This means that it does not align properly
with \(sr.  Instead there's a new character \[radicalex] which aligns
with \(sr; this is used by eqn for doing square roots.

Troff
-----

The `pso' request allows you to read from the standard output of a
command.

Grops
-----

The PSPIC macro has options to allow the horizontal alignment of the
graphic to be specified.


VERSION 1.08
============

Troff
-----

The escape sequence \V[xxx] interpolates the value of the environment
variable xxx.

Tbl
---

The decimalpoint option can be used to specify the character to be
recognized as the decimal point character in place of the default
period.


VERSION 1.07
============

Groff
-----

The environment variable GROFF_COMMAND_PREFIX can be used to control
whether groff looks for `gtroff' or `troff' (similarly for the
preprocessors.)

Troff
-----

Multilingual hyphenation is supported by new `hpf' and `hla' requests,
and by a `\n[.hla]' number register.  The -H option has been removed.
Files of hyphenation patterns can have comments.

When a font cannot be found, troff gives a warning (of type `font',
enabled by default) instead of an error.

There's a new request `trnt' that's like `tr' except that it doesn't
apply to text transparently throughput into a diversion with \!.

Tbl
---

There is a `nokeep' option which tells tbl not to use diversions to try
to keep the table on one page.

Eqn
---

Setting the parameter `nroff' to a non-zero value causes `ndefine' to
behave like `define' and `tdefine' to be ignored.  This is done by eqnrc
when the current device is ascii or latin1.  There's a `neqn' script
that just does `eqn -Tascii'.

Grotty
------

grotty uses whatever page length was specified using the `pl' request
rather than using the paperlength command in the DESC file.  The
paperwidth command in the DESC file is also ignored.


VERSION 1.06
============

The programs in groff that have Unix counterparts can now be installed
without a leading `g' prefix.  See the `g' variable in the Makefile.

The g?nroff script simulates the nroff command using groff.

New special characters \(+h, \(+f, \(+p, \(Fn, \(Bq, \(bq, \(aq, \(lz,
\(an.  See groff_char(7).

^L is now a valid input character.

Groff
-----

The Xps pseudo-device has disappeared.  Instead there is a new -X option
that tells groff to use gxditview instead of the usual postprocessor.
(So instead of -TXps, use -XTps or just -X if your default device is
ps.)

The postprocessor to be used for a particular device is now specified by
a `postpro' command in the DESC file rather than being compiled into
groff.  Similarly the command to be used for printing (with the -l
option) is now specified by a `print' command in the DESC file.

The groff command no longer specifies eqnchar as an input file for eqn.
Instead eqn automatically loads a file `eqnrc'.  The groff command no
longer passes the -D option to eqn.  Instead eqnrc sets the draw_lines
parameter.

The groff command no longer tells troff to load a device-specific macro
file.  This is handled instead by the `troffrc' file, which is always
loaded by troff.

The shell script version of groff has been removed.

Troff
-----

The `rchar' request removes a character definition established with
`char'.

Compatibility mode is disabled and the escape character is set to `\'
while a character definition is being processed.

The `\#' escape sequence is like `\"' except that the terminating
newline is ignored.

The `shc' request tells troff which character to insert (instead of the
default \(hy) when a word is hyphenated at a line break.

A font name of 0 (zero) in the DESC file causes no font to be mounted on
the corresponding font position.  This is useful for arranging that
special fonts are mounted on positions on which users are not likely
explicitly to mount fonts.  All groff devices now avoid initially
mounting fonts on positions 5-9.

The `do' request allows a single request or macro to be interpreted with
compatibility mode disabled.

troff automatically loads a file `troffrc' before any other input file.
This can be prevented with the -R option.  This file is responsible for
loading the device-specific macros.

Pic
---

The -x option has been removed and a -n option has been added.  By
default, pic now assumes that the postprocessor supports groff
extensions.  The -n option tells pic to generate output that works with
ditroff drivers.  The -z option now applies only to TeX mode.

The -p option has been removed. Instead if the -n option is not
specified, pic generates output that uses \X'ps: ...' if the \n(0p
register is non-zero and tmac.ps sets this register to 1.

In places where you could 1st or 5th you can now say `i'th or `i+1'th
(the quotes are required).

Eqn
---

Eqn now automatically reads a file `eqnrc' from the macro directory.
This performs the same role that the eqnchar files used to.  This can be
prevented by the -R option.

Setting the draw_lines parameter to a non-zero value causes lines to be
drawn using \D rather than \l.  The -D option is now obsolete.

`uparrow', `downarrow' and `updownarrow' can be used with `left' and
`right'.

The amount of extra space added before and after lines containing
equations can be controlled using the `body_height' and `body_depth'
parameters.

Grops
-----

Font description files have been regenerated from newer AFM files.  You
can get access to the additional characters present in the text fonts in
newer PostScript printers by using -mpsnew.

The default value of the -b option is specified by a `broken' command in
the DESC file.

With the -g option, grops generates PostScript code that guesses the
page height.  This allows documents to be printed on both letter
(8.5x11) and A4 paper without change.

Grodvi
------

ISO Latin-1 characters are available with -Tdvi.  Format groff_char(7)
with groff -Tdvi for more information.

Grotty
------

The -mtty-char macros contain additional character definitions for use
with grotty.

Macros
------

In previous releases the groff -me macros treated the $r and $R number
registers in a way that was incompatible with the BSD -me macros.  The
reason for this was that the approach used by the BSD -me macros does
not work with low resolution devices such as -TX75 and -TX100.  However,
this caused problems with existing -me documents.  In this release, the
vertical spacing is controlled by the $v and $V registers which have the
same meaning as $r and $R in earlier groff releases.  In addition, if
the $r or $R register is set to a value that would be correct for the
BSD -me macros and a low resolution device is not being used, then an
appropriate value for the $v or $V register is derived from the $r or $R
register.

The groff -me macros work with -C and (I think) with Unix troff.

For backward compatibility with BSD -me, the \*{ and \*} strings are
also available as \*[ and \*].  Of course, \*[ is only usable with -C.

The \*T string has been deleted.  Use \*(Tm instead.

Xditview
--------

The `n', Space and Return keys are bound to the Next Page action.  The
`p', BackSpace and Delete keys are bound to the Previous Page action.
The `q' key is bound to the Quit action.

The `r' key is bound to a rerasterize action that reruns groff, and
redisplays the current page.


VERSION 1.05
============

Pic
---

There is a alternative assignment operator `:=' which interacts
differently with blocks.

There is a new command `command', which allows the values of variables
to be passed to troff or TeX.

The `print' command now accepts multiple arguments.

String comparison expressions (using `==' or `!=') are allowed in more
contexts.

Grotty
------

Horizontal and vertical lines drawn with \D'l ...' are rendered using -,
| and + characters.  This is intended to give reasonable results with
boxed tables.  It won't work well with pic.

Macros
------

The -mdoc macros have been upgraded to the version in the second
Berkeley networking release.  This version is not completely compatible
with earlier versions; the old version is still available as -mdoc.old.
The grog script has been enhanced so that it can usually determine
whether a document requires the old or new versions.

With -TX75, -TX100 and -TXps, the PSPIC macro produces a box around
where the picture would appear with -Tps.


VERSION 1.04
============

An implementation of the -mm macros is included.

The directory in which temporary files are created can be controlled by
setting the GROFF_TMPDIR or TMPDIR environment variables.

Pic
---

Some MS-DOS support (see pic/make-dos-dist).

Grops
-----

There are two new \X commands (\X'ps: invis' and \X'ps: endinvis') which
make it possible to have substitute characters that are displayed when
previewing with -TXps but ignored when printing with grops.

Xditview
--------

Support for scalable fonts.


VERSION 1.03
============

No changes other than bug fixes.


VERSION 1.02
============

There is an implementation of refer and associated programs.  groff -R
preprocesses with grefer; no mechanism is provided for passing arguments
to grefer because most grefer options have equivalent commands which can
be included in the file.  grog also supports refer.

There is an alternative perl implementation of the grog script.

The code field in lines in the charset section of font description files
is now allowed to contain an arbitrary integer (previously it was
required to lie between 0 and 255).  Currently grops and grodvi use only
the low order 8 bits of the value.  Grodvi uses the complete value;
however, this is unlikely to be useful with traditional TeX tools (.tfm
files only allow 8 bit character codes.)

Left and right double quotes can be obtained with \(lq and \(rq
respectively.

There is a new program called pfbtops which translates PostScript fonts
in pfb format to ASCII.

A slightly modified version of the Berkeley tmac.doc is included.

Troff
-----

In long escape names the closing ] is now required to be at the same
interpolation depth as the opening [.

The \A'S' escape sequence returns 1 or 0 according as S is or is not
suitable for use as a name.

\~ produces an unbreakable space that can be stretched when the line is
adjusted.

The `mso' request is like the `so' request except that it searches for
the file in the same directories in which tmac.X is searched for when
the -mX option is given.

The escape sequence `\R' is similar to the `nr' request.

Eqn
---

A new `special' primitive allows you to add new types of unary
constructs by writing a troff macro.

Pic
---

The implementation no longer uses gperf.

Grops
-----

The compile-time -DBROKEN_SPOOLER option has been replaced by a
BROKEN_SPOOLER_FLAGS option.  This allows more precise control over how
grops should workaround broken spoolers and previewers.  There is a new
-b option that can change this at run-time.

Grops now generates PostScript that complies with version 3.0 of the
Document Structuring Convention.

The resource management component of grops (the part that deals with
imported documents and downloadable fonts) has been rewritten and now
supports version 3.0 of the Document Structuring Conventions.  The
%%DocumentFonts comment is no longer supported; you must use the
%%Document{Needed,Supplied}{Fonts,Resources} comments instead
(or as well.)

tmac.psatk contains some macros that support the mechanism used by the
Andrew Toolkit for including PostScript graphics in troff documents.

Xditview
--------

Parts of xditview have been rewritten so that it can be used with the
output of gtroff -Tps.  groff -TXps runs gtroff -Tps with gxditview.

There is a new menu entry `Print' which brings up a dialog box for
specifying a command with which the file being previewed should be
printed.

Xditview now uses imake.


VERSION 1.01
============

The groff command now understands the gtroff `-a' and `-i' options.

With the `m' and `n' scaling indicators, the scale factor is rounded
horizontally before being applied.  This makes (almost) no difference
for devices with `hor' equal to 1, but it makes groff with -Tascii or
-Tlatin1 behave more like nroff in its treatment of these scale
indicators.  Accordingly tmac.tty now calls the `nroff' request so that
the `n' condition is true.

The device-specific macros (tmac.ps, tmac.dvi, tmac.tty and tmac.X) have
been made to work at least somewhat with -C.  In particular the special
characters defined by these macros now work with -C.

groff -Tdvi -p now passes pic the -x flag; this enables filling of
arrowheads and boxes, provided that your dvi driver supports the latest
version of the tpic specials.

Eqn
---

There is a new `-N' option that tells eqn not to allow newlines in
delimiters.  This allows eqn to recover better from missing closing
delimiters.  The groff command passes on a `-N' option to eqn.

Grops
-----

You can now use psfig with grops.  See the file ps/psfig.diff.  I do not
recommend using psfig for new documents.

The command \X'ps: file F' is similar to \X'ps: exec ...' except that
the PostScript code is read from the file F instead of being contained
within the \X command.  This was added to support psfig.

Grodvi
------

There are font files HB and HI corresponding to cmsssbx10 and cmssi10.

Macros
------

The groff -me macros now work with the -C option.  As a result, they may
also work with Unix nroff/troff.

In -me, the $r and $R number registers now contain the line spacing as a
percentage of the pointsize expressed in units (normally about 120).
The previous definition was useless with low resolution devices such as
X75 and X100.


VERSION 1.00
============

A -ms-like macro-package is now included.

The name for the Icelandic lowercase eth character has been changed from
\(-d to \(Sd.

Troff
-----

There is a new request `nroff', which makes the `n' built-in condition
true and the `t' built-in condition false; also a new request `troff'
which undoes the effect of the `nroff' request.  This is intended only
for backward compatibility: it is usually better to test \n(.H or \n(.V
or to use the `c' built-in condition.

The \R escape sequence has been deleted.  Use \E instead.

There are `break' and `continue' requests for use with the `while'
request.

There is a request `hym' that can ensure that when the current
adjustment mode is not `b' a line is not hyphenated if it is no more
than a given amount short, and a request `hys' that can ensure that when
the current adjustment mode is `b' a line is not hyphenated if it can be
justified by adding no more than a given amount of extra space to each
word space.

There is a request `rj' similar to `ce' that right justifies lines.

A warning of type `space' is given when a call is made to an undefined
request or macro with a name longer than two characters, and the first
two characters of the name make a name that is defined.  This is
intended to find places where a space has been omitted been a request or
macro and its argument.  This type of warning is enabled by default.

Pic
---

A comma is permitted between the arguments to the `reset' command.

For use with TeX, there is a new `-c' option that makes gpic treat lines
beginning with `.' in a way that is more compatible with tpic (but
ugly).

Eqn
---

It is no longer necessary to add `space 0' at the beginning of
complicated equations inside pictures.

`prime' is now treated as an ordinary character, as in Unix eqn.  The
previous behaviour of `prime' as an operator can now be obtained using
`opprime'.

Xditview
--------

There are two new devices X75-12 and X100-12 which are the same as X75
and X100 except that they are optimized for documents that use mostly 12
point text.


VERSION 0.6
===========

The installation process has been refined to make it easy for you to
share groff with someone who has the same type of machine as you but
does not have a C++ compiler.  See the end of the INSTALL file for
details.

There is a man page for the tfmtodit program which explains how to use
your own fonts with groff -Tdvi.

There is a man page for afmtodit which explains how to use your own
PostScript fonts with groff -Tps.

The \N escape sequence is now fully supported.  It can now be used to
access any character in a font by its output code, even if it doesn't
have a groff name.  This is made possible by a convention in the font
files that a character name of `---' refers to an unnamed character.
The drivers now all support the `N' command required for this.  The font
description files have been updated to include unnamed characters.

The `x' command in font description files has been removed: instead any
unknown commands are automatically made available to the drivers.  If
you constructed your own font files with an earlier version of tfmtodit
or afmtodit, you must construct them again using the current version.

Characters between 0200 and 0237 octal are no longer valid input
characters.  Note that these are not used in ISO 8859.

A command called `grog' has been added, similar to the `doctype' command
described in Kernighan and Pike.

Groff
-----

The groff command has some new options: -V prints the pipeline instead
of executing it; -P passes an argument to the postprocessor, -L passes
an argument to the spooler.

There is a C++ implementation of the groff command.  This handles some
things slightly better than the shell script.  In particular, it can
correctly handle arguments containing characters that have a special
meaning to the shell; it can give an error message when child processes
other than the last in the pipeline terminate abnormally; its exit
status can take account of the exit statuses of all its child processes;
it is a little more efficient; when geqn is used, it searches for the
eqnchar file in the same way that font metric files are searched for,
rather than expecting to find it in one particular directory.

Gtroff
------

There is font translation feature: For example, you can tell gtroff to
use font `HR' whenever font `H' is requested with the line
  .ftr H HR
This would be useful for a document that uses `H' to refer to Helvetica.

There are some new number registers: `.kern' contains the current kern
mode, `.lg' the current ligature mode, `.x' the major version number,
`.y' the minor version number, `.ce' the number of lines to be centered
in the current environment, `.trunc' the amount of vertical space
truncated by the most recently sprung vertical position trap, `.ne' the
amount of vertical space needed in the last `ne' request that caused a
vertical position trap to be sprung.

The `cf' request now behaves sensibly in a diversion.  If used in a
diversion, it now arranges for the file to be copied to the output when
the diversion is interpolated.

There is a new request `trf' (transparent file) similar to `cf', but
more like `\!'.

There is a new escape sequence `\Y[xxx]', roughly equivalent to
`\X'\*[xxx]'', except that the contents of string or macro xxx are not
interpreted, and xxx may contain newlines.  This requires an output
format extension; the drivers have been modified to understand this.
Grops has also been modified to cope with newlines in the arguments to
\X commands; grops has a new \X command mdef, which is like def except
that it has a first argument giving the number of definitions.

There is a new warning category `escape' which warns about unknown
escape sequences.

The `fp' request now takes an optional third argument giving the
external name of the font.

The `\_' character is now automatically translated to `\(ul' as in
troff.

The environment variable `GROFF_HYPHEN' gives the name of the file
containing the hyphenation patterns.

There is a `\C'xxx'' escape sequence equivalent to `\[xxx]'.

Characters ", ', ), ], *, \(dg are now initially transparent for the
purposes of end of sentence recognition.

There is an anti-recursion feature in the `char' request, so you can say
`.char \(bu \s+2\(bu\s-2'.

The limit on the number of font positions has been removed.  Accordingly
`\n[.fp]' never returns 0.

The restriction on the number of numbered environments has been removed.

There is a new escape sequence `\E' that makes it possible to guarantee
that an escape sequence won't get interpreted in copy-mode.  The `\R'
escape sequence is accordingly now deprecated.

Gpic
----

Arguments of the form `X anything X' (in the `copy thru', `sh', `for',
`if' and `define' constructs) can now be of the form `{ anything }'.

If the `linethick' variable is negative (as it now is initially), lines
are drawn with a thickness proportional to the current point size.

The `rand' function now takes no arguments and returns a number between
0 and 1.  The old syntax is still supported.

`^' can be used in expressions to indicate exponentiation.

In the `for' construct the argument to the by clause can be prefixed by
`*' to indicate that the increment is multiplicative.

A bare expression may be used as an attribute.  If the current direction
is `dir', then an attribute `expr' is equivalent to `dir expr'

There is a `sprintf' construct that allows numbers to be formatted and
used wherever a quoted string can be used.

The height of a text object without an explicit height attribute is the
number of text strings associated with the object times the value of the
`textht' variable.

The maximum height and width of a picture is controlled by the
`maxpswid' and `maxpsht' variables.

Gtbl
----

Gtbl can now handle gracefully the situation where the `ce' request has
been applied to a table.

Geqn
----

The `ifdef' primitive has been generalized.

A tilde accent can be put underneath a box using `utilde'.  This defined
using a general `uaccent' primitive.

Grops
-----

There is a new PostScript font downloading scheme which handles font
downloading for imported illustrations.  Previously, the name of the
file containing the font was given in the `x download' line in the groff
font metric file.  Now, there is a `download' file which says for each
PostScript font name which file contains that font.  Grops can also now
handle inter-font dependencies, where one downloadable font depends on
some other (possibly downloadable) font.

The `T' font has been removed.  The characters it used to provide are
now provided by `char' definitions in tmac.ps. TSymbol.ps has also been
removed, and the tweaks it provided are now provided by `char'
definitions.


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