src/lib-settings/settings.c - main - niceSOFT/dovecot

src/lib-settings/settings.c
3 406 строк100 KB
Michael M Slusarz
COPYING: Simplify and standardize copyright handling
03 июл 2026, 02:25
03 июл 2026, 02:252a5809c
/* Copyright (c) Dovecot authors, see top-level COPYING file */

#include "lib.h"
#include "array.h"
#include "hash.h"
#include "llist.h"
#include "str.h"
#include "strescape.h"
#include "event-filter-private.h"
#include "wildcard-match.h"
#include "mmap-util.h"
#include "dns-util.h"
#include "settings.h"
#include "var-expand.h"

#include <ctype.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

enum set_seen_type {
	/* Setting has not been changed */
	SET_SEEN_NO,
	/* Setting has been changed */
	SET_SEEN_YES,
	/* Setting has been changed with SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_TYPE_2ND_DEFAULT.
	   If SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_TYPE_DEFAULT override is still found, use that
	   instead. */
	SET_SEEN_DEFAULT,
};

struct settings_mmap_pool {
	struct pool pool;
	int refcount;

	struct settings_mmap_pool *prev, *next;

	const char *source_filename;
	unsigned int source_linenum;

	pool_t parent_pool;
	struct settings_mmap *mmap; /* NULL for unit tests */
	struct settings_root *root;
};

struct settings_override {
	pool_t pool;
	ARRAY_TYPE(settings_override) *overrides_array;
	enum settings_override_type type;

	/* Number of named list filter elements in this override */
	unsigned int filter_array_element_count;
	/* Number of named (non-list) filter elements in this override */
	unsigned int filter_element_count;
	/* key += value is used, i.e. append this value to existing value */
	bool append;
	bool array_default_added;
	/* Original key for the overridden setting, e.g.
	   namespace/inbox/mailbox/Sent/mail_attribute/dict_driver */
	const char *orig_key;
	/* Final key for the overridden setting, e.g. dict_driver for the above
	   orig_key example. */
	const char *key;
	/* Value for the overridden setting */
	const char *value;

	/* Event filter being generated from the key as it's being processed. */
	struct event_filter *filter;
	/* Last filter element's key, and for list filters the value. For
	   example:
	   - namespace/inbox/key: "namespace", "inbox"
	   - mail_attribute/key: "mail_attribute", NULL
	*/
	const char *last_filter_key, *last_filter_value;

	/* NULL-terminated list of block names (setting_parser_info names)
	   which contain this setting key. */
	const char *const *block_names;
};
ARRAY_DEFINE_TYPE(settings_override, struct settings_override);

struct settings_group {
	const char *label;
	const char *name;
};
ARRAY_DEFINE_TYPE(settings_group, struct settings_group);

struct settings_mmap_block {
	const char *name;
	size_t block_end_offset;

	uint32_t filter_count;
	const uint64_t *filter_offsets;
	const uint32_t *filter_indexes;

	uint32_t settings_count;
	size_t settings_keys_offset;
	/* TRUE if settings have been validated against setting_parser_info */
	bool settings_validated;
};

struct settings_mmap_event_filter {
	struct event_filter *filter;
	bool is_group;

	uint32_t named_list_filter_count;
};

struct settings_mmap {
	int refcount;
	pool_t pool;
	struct settings_root *root;

	void *mmap_base;
	size_t mmap_size;

	uint32_t all_keys_hash_key_prefix;
	uint32_t all_keys_hash_count;
	const uint32_t *all_keys_hash;
	const unsigned char *all_keys_base;

	uint32_t block_names_count;
	const uint32_t *block_names_rel_offsets;

	struct settings_mmap_event_filter *event_filters;
	unsigned int event_filters_count;

	HASH_TABLE(const char *, struct settings_mmap_block *) blocks;
};

struct settings_root {
	pool_t pool;
	const char *protocol_name;
	struct settings_mmap *mmap;
	ARRAY_TYPE(settings_override) overrides;

	struct settings_mmap_pool *settings_pools;
};

struct settings_instance {
	pool_t pool;
	struct settings_root *root;
	struct settings_mmap *mmap;
	ARRAY_TYPE(settings_override) overrides;
};

struct settings_apply_override {
	struct settings_override *set;
	unsigned int order;
};

struct settings_apply_ctx {
	struct event *event;
	struct settings_root *root;
	struct settings_instance *instance;
	const struct setting_parser_info *info;
	enum settings_get_flags flags;
	pool_t temp_pool;

	var_expand_escape_func_t *escape_func;
	void *escape_context;

	const char *filter_key;
	const char *filter_value;
	const char *filter_name;
	bool filter_name_required;
	bool seen_filter;

	struct setting_parser_context *parser;
	struct settings_mmap_pool *mpool;
	void *set_struct;
	ARRAY(enum set_seen_type) set_seen;
	ARRAY(struct settings_apply_override) overrides;
	ARRAY_TYPE(settings_group) include_groups;

	string_t *str;
	struct var_expand_params var_params;
};

static ARRAY(const struct setting_parser_info *) set_registered_infos;

static const char *settings_override_type_names[] = {
	"default", "userdb", "-o parameter",
	"2nd default", "2nd parameter", "hardcoded"
};
static_assert_array_size(settings_override_type_names,
			 SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_TYPE_COUNT);

static struct event_filter event_filter_match_never, event_filter_match_always;
#define EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_ALWAYS (&event_filter_match_always)
#define EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_NEVER (&event_filter_match_never)

static int
settings_instance_override(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx,
			   struct settings_mmap_event_filter *set_filter,
			   bool *defaults, const char **error_r);

static bool settings_local_name_cmp(const char *value, const char *wanted_value)
{
	return dns_match_wildcard(value, wanted_value) == 0;
}

static void settings_override_free(struct settings_override *override)
{
	if (override->filter != EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_ALWAYS &&
	    override->filter != EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_NEVER)
		event_filter_unref(&override->filter);
}

static int
settings_block_read_uint64(struct settings_mmap *mmap,
			   size_t *offset, size_t end_offset,
			   const char *name, uint64_t *num_r,
			   const char **error_r)
{
	if (*offset + sizeof(*num_r) > end_offset) {
		*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
			"Area too small when reading uint of '%s' "
			"(offset=%zu, end_offset=%zu, file_size=%zu)", name,
			*offset, end_offset, mmap->mmap_size);
		return -1;
	}
	memcpy(num_r, CONST_PTR_OFFSET(mmap->mmap_base, *offset),
	       sizeof(*num_r));
	*offset += sizeof(*num_r);
	return 0;
}

static int
settings_block_read_uint32(struct settings_mmap *mmap,
			   size_t *offset, size_t end_offset,
			   const char *name, uint32_t *num_r,
			   const char **error_r)
{
	if (*offset + sizeof(*num_r) > end_offset) {
		*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
			"Area too small when reading uint of '%s' "
			"(offset=%zu, end_offset=%zu, file_size=%zu)", name,
			*offset, end_offset, mmap->mmap_size);
		return -1;
	}
	memcpy(num_r, CONST_PTR_OFFSET(mmap->mmap_base, *offset),
	       sizeof(*num_r));
	*offset += sizeof(*num_r);
	return 0;
}

static int
settings_block_read_size(struct settings_mmap *mmap,
			 size_t *offset, size_t end_offset,
			 const char *name, uint64_t *size_r,
			 const char **error_r)
{
	if (*offset + sizeof(*size_r) > end_offset) {
		*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
			"Area too small when reading size of '%s' "
			"(offset=%zu, end_offset=%zu, file_size=%zu)", name,
			*offset, end_offset, mmap->mmap_size);
		return -1;
	}
	memcpy(size_r, CONST_PTR_OFFSET(mmap->mmap_base, *offset),
	       sizeof(*size_r));
	if (*size_r > end_offset - *offset - sizeof(*size_r)) {
		*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
			"'%s' points outside area "
			"(offset=%zu, size=%"PRIu64", end_offset=%zu, file_size=%zu)",
			name, *offset, *size_r, end_offset,
			mmap->mmap_size);
		return -1;
	}
	*offset += sizeof(*size_r);
	return 0;
}

static int
settings_block_read_str(struct settings_mmap *mmap,
			size_t *offset, size_t end_offset, const char *name,
			const char **str_r, const char **error_r)
{
	*str_r = (const char *)mmap->mmap_base + *offset;
	*offset += strlen(*str_r) + 1;
	if (*offset > end_offset) {
		*error_r = t_strdup_printf("'%s' points outside area "
			"(offset=%zu, end_offset=%zu, file_size=%zu)",
			name, *offset, end_offset, mmap->mmap_size);
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

static bool
settings_filter_node_match_service(struct event_filter_node *node,
				   const char *service_name, bool op_not)
{
	const char *node_service;

	/* Not perfect logic, but enough for the settings filters */
	switch (node->op) {
	case EVENT_FILTER_OP_CMP_EQ:
		if (node->type == EVENT_FILTER_NODE_TYPE_EVENT_FIELD_EXACT &&
		    strcmp(node->field.key, SETTINGS_EVENT_FILTER_NAME) == 0 &&
		    node->field.value_type == EVENT_FIELD_VALUE_TYPE_STR &&
		    str_begins(node->field.value.str, "service/", &node_service)) {
			bool match = strcmp(node_service, service_name) == 0;
			return match != op_not;
		}
		break;
	case EVENT_FILTER_OP_AND:
		if (!settings_filter_node_match_service(node->children[0],
							service_name, op_not) ||
		    !settings_filter_node_match_service(node->children[1],
							service_name, op_not))
			return FALSE;
		break;
	case EVENT_FILTER_OP_OR:
		if (!settings_filter_node_match_service(node->children[0],
							service_name, op_not) &&
		    !settings_filter_node_match_service(node->children[1],
							service_name, op_not))
			return FALSE;
		break;
	case EVENT_FILTER_OP_NOT:
		return settings_filter_node_match_service(node->children[0],
							  service_name, !op_not);
	default:
		break;
	}
	return TRUE;
}

static bool
settings_filter_match_service(struct event_filter *filter,
			      const char *service_name)
{
	struct event_filter_node *node = event_filter_get_root_node(filter, 0);
	i_assert(node != NULL);
	i_assert(event_filter_get_root_node(filter, 1) == NULL);
	return settings_filter_node_match_service(node, service_name, FALSE);
}

static bool
settings_event_filter_node_name_find(struct event_filter_node *node,
				     const char *filter_name, bool op_not)
{
	/* Not perfect logic, but enough for the settings filters */
	switch (node->op) {
	case EVENT_FILTER_OP_CMP_EQ:
		if (!op_not &&
		    node->type == EVENT_FILTER_NODE_TYPE_EVENT_FIELD_EXACT &&
		    strcmp(node->field.key, SETTINGS_EVENT_FILTER_NAME) == 0 &&
		    node->field.value_type == EVENT_FIELD_VALUE_TYPE_STR &&
		    strcmp(node->field.value.str, filter_name) == 0)
			return TRUE;
		break;
	case EVENT_FILTER_OP_AND:
	case EVENT_FILTER_OP_OR:
		if (settings_event_filter_node_name_find(node->children[0],
							 filter_name, op_not))
			return TRUE;
		if (settings_event_filter_node_name_find(node->children[1],
							 filter_name, op_not))
			return TRUE;
		break;
	case EVENT_FILTER_OP_NOT:
		return settings_event_filter_node_name_find(node->children[0],
							    filter_name, !op_not);
	default:
		break;
	}
	return FALSE;
}

static bool
settings_event_filter_name_find(struct event_filter *filter,
				const char *filter_name)
{
	/* NOTE: The event filter is using EVENT_FIELD_EXACT, so the value has
	   already removed wildcard escapes. */
	struct event_filter_node *node = event_filter_get_root_node(filter, 0);
	i_assert(node != NULL);
	i_assert(event_filter_get_root_node(filter, 1) == NULL);
	return settings_event_filter_node_name_find(node, filter_name, FALSE);
}

static int
settings_read_config_paths(struct settings_mmap *mmap,
			   enum settings_read_flags flags,
			   size_t *offset, const char **error_r)
{
	uint32_t count;
	if (settings_block_read_uint32(mmap, offset, mmap->mmap_size,
				       "config paths count", &count,
				       error_r) < 0)
		return -1;

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
		const char *config_path;
		if (settings_block_read_str(mmap, offset, mmap->mmap_size,
					    "config path", &config_path,
					    error_r) < 0)
			return -1;
		uint64_t inode, size;
		if (settings_block_read_uint64(mmap, offset, mmap->mmap_size,
					       "config path inode",
					       &inode, error_r) < 0)
			return -1;
		if (settings_block_read_uint64(mmap, offset, mmap->mmap_size,
					       "config path size",
					       &size, error_r) < 0)
			return -1;
		uint32_t mtime_sec, mtime_nsec, ctime_sec, ctime_nsec;
		if (settings_block_read_uint32(mmap, offset, mmap->mmap_size,
					       "config path mtime sec",
					       &mtime_sec, error_r) < 0)
			return -1;
		if (settings_block_read_uint32(mmap, offset, mmap->mmap_size,
					       "config path mtime nsec",
					       &mtime_nsec, error_r) < 0)
			return -1;

		if (settings_block_read_uint32(mmap, offset, mmap->mmap_size,
					       "config path ctime sec",
					       &ctime_sec, error_r) < 0)
			return -1;
		if (settings_block_read_uint32(mmap, offset, mmap->mmap_size,
					       "config path ctime nsec",
					       &ctime_nsec, error_r) < 0)
			return -1;

		if ((flags & SETTINGS_READ_CHECK_CACHE_TIMESTAMPS) == 0)
			continue;

		struct stat st;
		if (stat(config_path, &st) < 0) {
			if (errno == ENOENT || ENOACCESS(errno))
				return 0;
			*error_r = t_strdup_printf("stat(%s) failed: %m",
						   config_path);
			return -1;
		}
		if (st.st_ino != inode || (uoff_t)st.st_size != size ||
		    st.st_mtime != mtime_sec || ST_MTIME_NSEC(st) != mtime_nsec ||
		    st.st_ctime != ctime_sec || ST_CTIME_NSEC(st) != ctime_nsec)
			return 0;
	}
	return 1;
}

static int
settings_read_all_keys(struct settings_mmap *mmap,
		       size_t *offset, const char **error_r)
{
	uint32_t size;
	if (settings_block_read_uint32(mmap, offset, mmap->mmap_size,
				       "all keys size", &size,
				       error_r) < 0)
		return -1;
	mmap->all_keys_base = CONST_PTR_OFFSET(mmap->mmap_base, *offset);
	size_t end_offset = *offset + size;

	if (*offset % sizeof(uint32_t) != 0)
		*offset += sizeof(uint32_t) - *offset % sizeof(uint32_t);
	/* all keys */
	if (settings_block_read_uint32(mmap, offset, end_offset,
				       "all keys hash key prefix",
				       &mmap->all_keys_hash_key_prefix,
				       error_r) < 0)
		return -1;
	if (settings_block_read_uint32(mmap, offset, end_offset,
				       "all keys hash nodes count",
				       &mmap->all_keys_hash_count,
				       error_r) < 0)
		return -1;
	mmap->all_keys_hash = CONST_PTR_OFFSET(mmap->mmap_base, *offset);

	/* block names */
	*offset += sizeof(uint32_t) * mmap->all_keys_hash_count;
	if (settings_block_read_uint32(mmap, offset, mmap->mmap_size,
				       "block names count",
				       &mmap->block_names_count,
				       error_r) < 0)
		return -1;
	mmap->block_names_rel_offsets =
		CONST_PTR_OFFSET(mmap->mmap_base, *offset);

	*offset = end_offset;
	return 0;
}

static int
settings_read_filters(struct settings_mmap *mmap, const char *service_name,
		      enum settings_read_flags flags, size_t *offset,
		      ARRAY_TYPE(const_string) *protocols, const char **error_r)
{
	const char *filter_string, *error;

	if (settings_block_read_uint32(mmap, offset, mmap->mmap_size,
				       "filters count",
				       &mmap->event_filters_count,
				       error_r) < 0)
		return -1;

	mmap->event_filters = mmap->event_filters_count == 0 ? NULL :
		p_new(mmap->pool, struct settings_mmap_event_filter,
		      mmap->event_filters_count);

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mmap->event_filters_count; i++) {
		struct settings_mmap_event_filter *set_filter =
			&mmap->event_filters[i];
		if (settings_block_read_str(mmap, offset, mmap->mmap_size,
					    "filter string", &filter_string,
					    error_r) < 0)
			return -1;
		if (settings_block_read_uint32(mmap, offset, mmap->mmap_size,
					"named list filter element count",
					&set_filter->named_list_filter_count,
					error_r) < 0)
			return -1;

		if (filter_string[0] == '\0') {
			set_filter->filter = EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_ALWAYS;
			continue;
		}

		struct event_filter *tmp_filter = event_filter_create();
		if (event_filter_parse_case_sensitive(filter_string,
						      tmp_filter, &error) < 0) {
			*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
				"Received invalid filter '%s' at index %u: %s",
				filter_string, i, error);
			event_filter_unref(&tmp_filter);
			return -1;
		}
		bool op_not;
		const char *value =
			event_filter_find_field_exact(tmp_filter, "protocol", &op_not);
		if (value != NULL) {
			if (op_not)
				value = t_strconcat("!", value, NULL);
			if (array_lsearch(protocols, &value, i_strcmp_p) == NULL) {
				value = t_strdup(value);
				array_push_back(protocols, &value);
			}

			if (mmap->root->protocol_name != NULL &&
			    (strcmp(mmap->root->protocol_name, value) == 0) == op_not &&
			    (flags & SETTINGS_READ_NO_PROTOCOL_FILTER) == 0) {
				/* protocol doesn't match */
				set_filter->filter = EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_NEVER;
				event_filter_unref(&tmp_filter);
				continue;
			}
		}
		if (service_name != NULL &&
		    !settings_filter_match_service(tmp_filter, service_name)) {
			/* service name doesn't match */
			set_filter->filter = EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_NEVER;
			event_filter_unref(&tmp_filter);
			continue;
		}
		set_filter->is_group =
			event_filter_has_field_prefix(tmp_filter,
				SETTINGS_EVENT_FILTER_NAME,
				SETTINGS_INCLUDE_GROUP_PREFIX_S);

		set_filter->filter = event_filter_create_with_pool(mmap->pool);
		event_filter_register_cmp(set_filter->filter, "local_name",
					  settings_local_name_cmp);
		pool_ref(mmap->pool);
		event_filter_merge(set_filter->filter, tmp_filter,
				   EVENT_FILTER_MERGE_OP_OR);
		event_filter_unref(&tmp_filter);
	}
	return 0;
}

static int
settings_block_read(struct settings_mmap *mmap, size_t *_offset,
		    const char **error_r)
{
	size_t offset = *_offset;
	size_t block_size_offset = offset;
	const char *key, *error;

	/* <block size> */
	uint64_t block_size;
	if (settings_block_read_size(mmap, &offset, mmap->mmap_size,
				     "block size", &block_size, error_r) < 0)
		return -1;
	size_t block_end_offset = offset + block_size;

	/* Verify that block ends with NUL. This way we can safely use strlen()
	   later on and we know it won't read past the mmaped memory area and
	   cause a crash. The NUL is either from the last settings value or
	   from the last error string. */
	if (((const char *)mmap->mmap_base)[block_end_offset-1] != '\0') {
		*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
			"Settings block doesn't end with NUL at offset %zu",
			block_end_offset-1);
		return -1;
	}

	/* <block name> */
	const char *block_name;
	if (settings_block_read_str(mmap, &offset, block_end_offset,
				    "block name", &block_name, error_r) < 0)
		return -1;

	struct settings_mmap_block *block =
		hash_table_lookup(mmap->blocks, block_name);
	if (block != NULL) {
		*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
			"Duplicate block name '%s' (offset=%zu)",
			block_name, block_size_offset);
		return -1;
	}
	block = p_new(mmap->pool, struct settings_mmap_block, 1);
	block->name = block_name;
	block->block_end_offset = block_end_offset;
	hash_table_insert(mmap->blocks, block->name, block);

	/* <settings count> */
	if (settings_block_read_uint32(mmap, &offset, block_end_offset,
				       "settings count", &block->settings_count,
				       error_r) < 0)
		return -1;
	block->settings_keys_offset = offset;
	/* skip over the settings keys for now - they will be validated later */
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < block->settings_count; i++) {
		if (settings_block_read_str(mmap, &offset, block_end_offset,
					    "setting key", &key, error_r) < 0)
			return -1;
	}

	/* <filter count> */
	if (settings_block_read_uint32(mmap, &offset, block_end_offset,
				       "filter count", &block->filter_count,
				       error_r) < 0)
		return -1;

	/* filters */
	unsigned int filter_idx;
	for (filter_idx = 0; filter_idx < block->filter_count; filter_idx++) {
		/* <filter settings size> */
		uint64_t filter_settings_size;
		if (settings_block_read_size(mmap, &offset,
				block_end_offset, "filter settings size",
				&filter_settings_size, error_r) < 0)
			return -1;

		/* <error string> */
		size_t tmp_offset = offset;
		size_t filter_end_offset = offset + filter_settings_size;
		if (settings_block_read_str(mmap, &tmp_offset,
					    filter_end_offset,
					    "filter error string", &error,
					    error_r) < 0)
			return -1;

		uint32_t include_count;
		if (settings_block_read_uint32(mmap, &tmp_offset,
					       filter_end_offset,
					       "include group count",
					       &include_count, error_r) < 0)
			return -1;

		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < include_count; i++) {
			/* <group label> */
			const char *group_label;
			if (settings_block_read_str(mmap, &tmp_offset,
						    filter_end_offset,
						    "group label string",
						    &group_label, error_r) < 0)
				return -1;

			/* <group name> */
			const char *group_name;
			if (settings_block_read_str(mmap, &tmp_offset,
						    filter_end_offset,
						    "group name string",
						    &group_name, error_r) < 0)
				return -1;
		}

		/* skip over the filter contents for now */
		offset += filter_settings_size;
	}

	if (offset % sizeof(uint64_t) != 0)
		offset += sizeof(uint64_t) - offset % sizeof(uint64_t);
	block->filter_offsets = CONST_PTR_OFFSET(mmap->mmap_base, offset);
	offset += sizeof(uint64_t) * block->filter_count;
	block->filter_indexes = CONST_PTR_OFFSET(mmap->mmap_base, offset);
	offset += sizeof(uint32_t) * block->filter_count;
	offset++; /* safety NUL */

	if (offset != block_end_offset) {
		*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
			"Filter end offset mismatch (%zu != %zu)",
			offset, block_end_offset);
		return -1;
	}
	*_offset = offset;
	return 0;
}

static int
settings_mmap_parse(struct settings_mmap *mmap, const char *service_name,
		    enum settings_read_flags flags,
		    const char *const **specific_protocols_r,
		    const char **error_r)
{
	/*
	   See ../config/config-dump-full.c for the binary config file format
	   description.

	   Settings are read until the blob size is reached. There is no
	   padding/alignment. */
	const unsigned char *mmap_base = mmap->mmap_base;
	size_t mmap_size = mmap->mmap_size;
	ARRAY_TYPE(const_string) protocols;

	t_array_init(&protocols, 8);

	const char *magic_prefix = "DOVECOT-CONFIG\t";
	const unsigned int magic_prefix_len = strlen(magic_prefix);
	const unsigned char *eol = memchr(mmap_base, '\n', mmap_size);
	if (mmap_size < magic_prefix_len ||
	    memcmp(magic_prefix, mmap_base, magic_prefix_len) != 0 ||
	    eol == NULL) {
		*error_r = "File header doesn't begin with DOVECOT-CONFIG line";
		return -1;
	}
	if (mmap_base[magic_prefix_len] != '1' ||
	    mmap_base[magic_prefix_len+1] != '.') {
		*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
			"Unsupported config file version '%s'",
			t_strdup_until(mmap_base + magic_prefix_len, eol));
		return -1;
	}

	/* <settings full size> */
	size_t full_size_offset = eol - mmap_base + 1;
	uint64_t settings_full_size;
	memcpy(&settings_full_size, mmap_base + full_size_offset,
	       sizeof(settings_full_size));
	if (full_size_offset + sizeof(settings_full_size) +
	    settings_full_size != mmap_size) {
		*error_r = t_strdup_printf("Full size mismatch: "
			"Expected %zu + %zu + %"PRIu64", but file size is %zu",
			full_size_offset, sizeof(settings_full_size),
			settings_full_size, mmap_size);
		return -1;
	}

	size_t offset = full_size_offset + sizeof(settings_full_size);
	int ret;
	if ((ret = settings_read_config_paths(mmap, flags, &offset, error_r)) <= 0)
		return ret;
	if (settings_read_all_keys(mmap, &offset, error_r) < 0)
		return -1;
	if (settings_read_filters(mmap, service_name, flags, &offset,
				  &protocols, error_r) < 0)
		return -1;

	do {
		if (settings_block_read(mmap, &offset, error_r) < 0)
			return -1;
	} while (offset < mmap_size);

	if (array_count(&protocols) > 0) {
		array_append_zero(&protocols);
		*specific_protocols_r = array_front(&protocols);
	} else {
		*specific_protocols_r = NULL;
	}
	if ((flags & SETTINGS_READ_CHECK_CACHE_TIMESTAMPS) != 0)
		return 1;
	return 0;
}

static const char *
get_invalid_setting_error(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx, const char *prefix,
			  const char *key,
			  const char *value, const char *orig_value)
{
	/* Config process will preprocess var-expand templates when it sees them
	   and puts them in front of the actual value, separated by LF.
	 */
	if (*orig_value == '\1') {
		orig_value = strchr(orig_value, '\n');
		i_assert(orig_value != NULL);
		orig_value++;
	}
	string_t *str = t_str_new(64);
	str_printfa(str, "%s %s=%s", prefix, key, value);
	if (strcmp(value, orig_value) != 0)
		str_printfa(str, " (before expansion: %s)", orig_value);
	str_printfa(str, ": %s", settings_parser_get_error(ctx->parser));
	return str_c(str);
}

static int
settings_var_expand(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx, unsigned int key_idx,
		    const char **value, const char **error_r)
{
	struct settings_file file = { NULL, NULL };
	const char *orig_value = *value;
	bool changed;
	bool want_expand = FALSE;

	/* check which one to use */
	if (*orig_value == '\1') {
		*value = strchr(orig_value, '\n');
		if (*value == NULL) {
			*error_r = "Missing template termination LF";
			return -1;
		}
		want_expand = TRUE;
		/* Move past newline */
		(*value)++;
	}

	if ((ctx->flags & SETTINGS_GET_FLAG_NO_EXPAND) != 0)
		return 0;

	if (ctx->info->defines[key_idx].type == SET_STR_NOVARS ||
	    ctx->info->defines[key_idx].type == SET_FILTER_ARRAY)
		return 0;

	if (!want_expand && ctx->info->defines[key_idx].type == SET_FILE) {
		settings_file_get(*value, &ctx->mpool->pool, &file);
		/* Make sure only the file path is var-expanded. */
		orig_value = file.path;
	}

	/* Ensure we don't potentially have %{ values that we missed,
	   and since this will be quite often called, just check for
	   % and run it through var-expand.

	   Most the misses will come from default settings and overrides
	   that are not processed by config process.
	*/
	if (!want_expand && strchr(orig_value, '%') != NULL)
		want_expand = TRUE;

	if (!want_expand) {
		/* fast path: No %variables in the value */
		changed = FALSE;
	} else {
		struct var_expand_program *program;
		if (*orig_value == '\1') {
			i_assert(*value != NULL);
			/* import after \1 to terminating newline, exclusive */
			if (var_expand_program_import_sized(orig_value + 1,
						    *value - orig_value - 2,
						    &program, error_r) < 0)
				return -1;
		} else if (var_expand_program_create(orig_value, &program,
						     error_r) < 0) {
			return -1;
		}

		str_truncate(ctx->str, 0);
		int ret = var_expand_program_execute(ctx->str, program,
						     &ctx->var_params, error_r);
		var_expand_program_free(&program);
		if (ret < 0 && (ctx->flags & SETTINGS_GET_FLAG_FAKE_EXPAND) == 0)
			return -1;
		changed = strcmp(*value, str_c(ctx->str)) != 0;
	}

	if (!changed) {
		return 0;
	} else if (ctx->info->defines[key_idx].type == SET_FILE) {
		file.path = str_c(ctx->str);
		if (settings_parse_read_file(file.path, file.path,
					     &ctx->mpool->pool, NULL,
					     "", value, error_r) < 0)
			return -1;
	} else {
		*value = p_strdup(&ctx->mpool->pool, str_c(ctx->str));
	}
	return 1;
}

static int
settings_mmap_apply_key(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx, unsigned int key_idx,
			const char *list_key, const char *value,
			const char **error_r)
{
	const char *key = ctx->info->defines[key_idx].key;
	const char *error, *orig_value = value;
	if (list_key != NULL)
		key = t_strdup_printf("%s/%s", key, list_key);

	/* call settings_apply() before variable expansion */
	enum setting_apply_flags apply_flags =
		(ctx->flags & SETTINGS_GET_FLAG_NO_EXPAND) == 0 ? 0 :
		SETTING_APPLY_FLAG_NO_EXPAND;

	const char *orig_ptr = value;

	if (*value == '\1') {
		value = strchr(value, '\n');
		if (value == NULL) {
			*error_r = "Missing template termination LF";
			return -1;
		}
		value++;
		orig_ptr = value;
	}

	/* Provide the non-exported template here */
	if (ctx->info->setting_apply != NULL &&
	    !ctx->info->setting_apply(ctx->event, ctx->set_struct, key, &value,
				      apply_flags, error_r)) {
		*error_r = t_strdup_printf("Invalid setting %s=%s: %s",
					   key, orig_value, *error_r);
		return -1;
	}

	/* If the value didn't change, provide the actual original value
	   here to make sure settings_var_expand() can import the exported
	   var_expand template. */
	if (value == orig_ptr)
		value = orig_value;

	if (settings_var_expand(ctx, key_idx, &value, &error) < 0) {
		*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
			"Failed to expand %s setting variables: %s",
			key, error);
		return -1;
	}
	/* value points to mmap()ed memory, which is kept
	   referenced by the set_pool for the life time of the
	   settings struct. */
	if (settings_parse_keyidx_value_nodup(ctx->parser, key_idx,
					      key, value) < 0) {
		*error_r = get_invalid_setting_error(ctx, "Invalid setting",
						     key, value, orig_value);
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int
settings_mmap_apply_defaults(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx,
			     const char **error_r)
{
	enum setting_apply_flags apply_flags = SETTING_APPLY_FLAG_OVERRIDE |
		((ctx->flags & SETTINGS_GET_FLAG_NO_EXPAND) == 0 ? 0 :
		 SETTING_APPLY_FLAG_NO_EXPAND);
	const char *error;
	unsigned int key_idx;

	for (key_idx = 0; ctx->info->defines[key_idx].key != NULL; key_idx++) {
		enum set_seen_type *set_seenp =
			array_idx_get_space(&ctx->set_seen, key_idx);
		if (*set_seenp == SET_SEEN_YES)
			continue;

		void *set = PTR_OFFSET(ctx->info->defaults,
				       ctx->info->defines[key_idx].offset);
		if (ctx->info->defines[key_idx].type != SET_STR)
			continue; /* not needed for now */
		const char *key = ctx->info->defines[key_idx].key;
		const char *const *valuep = set;
		const char *value = *valuep;
		if (value == NULL)
			continue;

		if (ctx->info->setting_apply != NULL &&
		    !ctx->info->setting_apply(ctx->event, ctx->set_struct, key,
					      &value, apply_flags, &error))
			i_panic("BUG: Failed to apply default setting %s=%s: %s",
				key, value, error);

		int ret = settings_var_expand(ctx, key_idx, &value, &error);
		if (ret < 0) {
			*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
				"Failed to expand default setting %s=%s variables: %s",
				key, value, error);
			return -1;
		}
		if (ret > 0 &&
		    settings_parse_keyidx_value(ctx->parser, key_idx,
						key, value) < 0) {
			*error_r = get_invalid_setting_error(ctx,
					"Invalid default setting",
					key, value, value);
			return -1;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

static int
settings_mmap_apply_blob(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx,
			 struct settings_mmap_block *block,
			 size_t start_offset, size_t end_offset,
			 const char **error_r)
{
	struct settings_mmap *mmap = ctx->instance->mmap;
	size_t offset = start_offset;

	/* list of settings: key, value, ... */
	while (offset < end_offset) {
		/* We already checked that settings blob ends with NUL, so
		   strlen() can be used safely. */
		uint32_t key_idx;
		memcpy(&key_idx, CONST_PTR_OFFSET(mmap->mmap_base, offset),
		       sizeof(key_idx));
		if (key_idx >= block->settings_count) {
			*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
				"Settings key index too high (%u >= %u)",
				key_idx, block->settings_count);
			return -1;
		}
		offset += sizeof(key_idx);

		bool set_apply = TRUE;
		const char *list_key = NULL;

		enum set_seen_type *set_seenp =
			array_idx_get_space(&ctx->set_seen, key_idx);
		if (*set_seenp != SET_SEEN_NO) {
			/* Already seen this setting - don't set it again.
			   This check is used also with boollists when the
			   whole list is replaced. */
			set_apply = FALSE;
		}
		bool list_stop = FALSE, list_clear = FALSE;
		if (ctx->info->defines[key_idx].type == SET_BOOLLIST ||
		    ctx->info->defines[key_idx].type == SET_STRLIST) {
			const char *type =
				(const char *)mmap->mmap_base + offset;
			if (type[0] == SET_LIST_REPLACE[0])
				list_stop = TRUE;
			else if (type[0] == SET_LIST_CLEAR[0]) {
				list_stop = TRUE;
				list_clear = TRUE;
			} else if (type[0] != SET_LIST_APPEND[0]) {
				*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
					"List type is invalid (offset=%zu)",
					offset);
				return -1;
			}
			offset++;
		}

		if (ctx->info->defines[key_idx].type == SET_STRLIST ||
		    ctx->info->defines[key_idx].type == SET_BOOLLIST) {
			list_key = (const char *)mmap->mmap_base + offset;
			offset += strlen(list_key)+1;
			/* Keys from the config are trusted, so expand their
			   %variables the same way the values are expanded. This
			   is done before the has_key() check so deduplication
			   operates on the final key. */
			const char *error;
			if (settings_var_expand(ctx, key_idx, &list_key,
						&error) < 0) {
				*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
					"Failed to expand %s list key variables: %s",
					ctx->info->defines[key_idx].key, error);
				return -1;
			}
			set_apply = set_apply &&
				!settings_parse_list_has_key(ctx->parser,
					key_idx, settings_section_unescape(list_key));
		} else if (ctx->info->defines[key_idx].type == SET_FILTER_ARRAY)
			set_apply = TRUE;
		else if (set_apply)
			*set_seenp = SET_SEEN_YES;

		if (offset >= end_offset) {
			/* if offset==end_offset, the value is missing. */
			*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
				"Settings key/value points outside blob "
				"(offset=%zu, end_offset=%zu, file_size=%zu)",
				offset, end_offset, mmap->mmap_size);
			return -1;
		}
		const char *value = (const char *)mmap->mmap_base + offset;
		offset += strlen(value)+1;
		if (offset > end_offset) {
			*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
				"Settings value points outside blob "
				"(offset=%zu, end_offset=%zu, file_size=%zu)",
				offset, end_offset, mmap->mmap_size);
			return -1;
		}
		int ret = 0;
		T_BEGIN {
			if (set_apply && !list_clear) {
				ret = settings_mmap_apply_key(ctx, key_idx,
					list_key, value, error_r);
			}
			if (list_stop) {
				/* The lists are filled in reverse order.
				   Mark it now as "stopped", so the following
				   list settings won't modify it. */
				settings_parse_array_stop(ctx->parser, key_idx);
			}
		} T_END_PASS_STR_IF(ret < 0, error_r);
		if (ret < 0)
			return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int settings_mmap_validate(struct settings_mmap *mmap,
				  struct settings_mmap_block *block,
				  const struct setting_parser_info *info,
				  const char **error_r)
{
	size_t offset = block->settings_keys_offset;
	const char *key;
	uint32_t i;

	for (i = 0; info->defines[i].key != NULL; i++) {
		if (i >= block->settings_count)
			break;
		if (settings_block_read_str(mmap, &offset,
					    block->block_end_offset,
					    "setting key", &key, error_r) < 0) {
			/* shouldn't happen - we already read it once */
			return -1;
		}
		if (strcmp(info->defines[i].key, key) != 0) {
			*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
				"settings struct %s #%u key mismatch %s != %s",
				info->name, i, info->defines[i].key, key);
			return -1;
		}
	}
	if (i != block->settings_count) {
		*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
			"settings struct %s count mismatch %u != %u",
			info->name, i+1, block->settings_count);
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int
settings_mmap_get_filter_idx(struct settings_mmap *mmap,
			     struct settings_mmap_block *block,
			     uint32_t filter_idx, uint32_t *event_filter_idx_r,
			     const char **error_r)
{
	*event_filter_idx_r = block->filter_indexes[filter_idx];
	if (*event_filter_idx_r >= mmap->event_filters_count) {
		*error_r = t_strdup_printf("event filter idx %u >= %u",
			*event_filter_idx_r, mmap->event_filters_count);
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int
settings_mmap_apply_filter(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx,
			   struct settings_mmap_block *block,
			   uint32_t filter_idx,
			   struct settings_mmap_event_filter *set_filter,
			   const char **error_r)
{
	struct settings_mmap *mmap = ctx->instance->mmap;
	uint64_t filter_offset, filter_set_size;

	filter_offset = block->filter_offsets[filter_idx];
	memcpy(&filter_set_size,
	       CONST_PTR_OFFSET(mmap->mmap_base, filter_offset),
	       sizeof(filter_set_size));
	filter_offset += sizeof(filter_set_size);
	uint64_t filter_end_offset = filter_offset + filter_set_size;

	const char *filter_error =
		CONST_PTR_OFFSET(mmap->mmap_base, filter_offset);
	if (filter_error[0] != '\0') {
		*error_r = filter_error;
		return -1;
	}
	filter_offset += strlen(filter_error) + 1;

	uint32_t include_count;
	memcpy(&include_count, CONST_PTR_OFFSET(mmap->mmap_base, filter_offset),
	       sizeof(include_count));
	filter_offset += sizeof(include_count);

	if (ctx->filter_name != NULL && !ctx->seen_filter &&
	    set_filter->filter != EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_ALWAYS &&
	    settings_event_filter_name_find(set_filter->filter, ctx->filter_name))
		ctx->seen_filter = TRUE;

	array_clear(&ctx->include_groups);
	for (uint32_t j = 0; j < include_count; j++) {
		struct settings_group *include_group =
			array_append_space(&ctx->include_groups);
		include_group->label =
			CONST_PTR_OFFSET(mmap->mmap_base, filter_offset);
		filter_offset += strlen(include_group->label) + 1;

		include_group->name =
			CONST_PTR_OFFSET(mmap->mmap_base, filter_offset);
		filter_offset += strlen(include_group->name) + 1;
	}
	/* Apply overrides specific to this filter before the
	   filter settings themselves. For base settings the
	   filter is EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_ALWAYS, which applies
	   the rest of the overrides that weren't already
	   handled. This way global setting overrides don't
	   override named filters' settings, unless the
	   override is specifically using the filter name
	   as prefix. */
	bool defaults = FALSE;
	int ret = settings_instance_override(ctx, set_filter,
					     &defaults, error_r);
	if (ret < 0)
		return -1;

	if (ret > 0)
		ctx->seen_filter = TRUE;

	if (settings_mmap_apply_blob(ctx, block,
				     filter_offset, filter_end_offset,
				     error_r) < 0)
		return -1;
	if (defaults) {
		ret = settings_instance_override(ctx, set_filter,
						 &defaults, error_r);
		if (ret < 0)
			return -1;
		if (ret > 0)
			ctx->seen_filter = TRUE;
	}
	return 0;
}

static struct event *settings_group_event_create(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx)
{
	struct event *event = event_create(ctx->event);
	const struct settings_group *include_group;
	array_foreach(&ctx->include_groups, include_group) {
		/* Add @<group label>/<group name> to matching filters and
		   restart the filter processing. */
		const char *filter_value = t_strdup_printf(
			SETTINGS_INCLUDE_GROUP_PREFIX_S"%s/%s",
			include_group->label, include_group->name);
		event_strlist_append(event, SETTINGS_EVENT_FILTER_NAME,
				     filter_value);
	}
	return event;
}

static int
settings_apply_groups(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx,
		      struct settings_mmap *mmap,
		      struct settings_mmap_block *block,
		      uint32_t include_filter_idx, const char **error_r)
{
	struct event *event = NULL;
	const struct failure_context failure_ctx = {
		.type = LOG_TYPE_DEBUG,
	};

	if (array_is_empty(&ctx->include_groups))
		return 0;

	/* All group filters are at the end. When we see a non-group filter,
	   we can stop. */
	int ret = 0;
	for (uint32_t i = block->filter_count; i > 0; ) {
		i--;
		uint32_t event_filter_idx;
		if (settings_mmap_get_filter_idx(mmap, block, i,
						 &event_filter_idx, error_r) < 0) {
			ret = -1;
			break;
		}

		if (!mmap->event_filters[event_filter_idx].is_group)
			break;

		i_assert(i > include_filter_idx);
		struct settings_mmap_event_filter *set_filter =
			&mmap->event_filters[event_filter_idx];
		i_assert(set_filter->filter != EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_ALWAYS);
		if (set_filter->filter == EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_NEVER)
			continue;

		if (event == NULL) T_BEGIN {
			event = settings_group_event_create(ctx);
		} T_END;
		if (event_filter_match(set_filter->filter, event, &failure_ctx)) {
			if (settings_mmap_apply_filter(ctx, block, i,
						       set_filter,
						       error_r) < 0) {
				ret = -1;
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	event_unref(&event);
	return ret;
}

static int
settings_mmap_apply(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx, const char **error_r)
{
	struct settings_mmap *mmap = ctx->instance->mmap;
	struct settings_mmap_block *block =
		hash_table_lookup(mmap->blocks, ctx->info->name);
	if (block == NULL) {
		*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
			"BUG: Configuration has no settings struct named '%s'",
			ctx->info->name);
		return -1;
	}

	if (!block->settings_validated &&
	    (ctx->flags & SETTINGS_GET_NO_KEY_VALIDATION) == 0) {
		if (settings_mmap_validate(mmap, block, ctx->info, error_r) < 0)
			return -1;
		block->settings_validated = TRUE;
	}

	const struct failure_context failure_ctx = {
		.type = LOG_TYPE_DEBUG,
	};

	/* Go through the filters in reverse sorted order, so we always set the
	   setting just once, never overriding anything. A filter for the base
	   settings is expected to always exist. */
	struct event *event = ctx->event;
	for (uint32_t i = block->filter_count; i > 0; ) {
		i--;
		uint32_t event_filter_idx;
		if (settings_mmap_get_filter_idx(mmap, block, i,
						 &event_filter_idx, error_r) < 0)
			return -1;
		struct settings_mmap_event_filter *set_filter =
			&mmap->event_filters[event_filter_idx];
		if (set_filter->filter == EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_NEVER)
			;
		else if (set_filter->filter == EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_ALWAYS ||
			 event_filter_match(set_filter->filter, event, &failure_ctx)) {
			i_assert(!set_filter->is_group);
			if (settings_mmap_apply_filter(ctx, block, i,
						       set_filter, error_r) < 0)
				return -1;

			/* Apply all group includes */
			if (settings_apply_groups(ctx, mmap, block,
						  i, error_r) < 0)
				return -1;
		}
	}
	return ctx->seen_filter ? 1 : 0;

}

static void settings_mmap_ref(struct settings_mmap *mmap)
{
	i_assert(mmap->refcount > 0);

	mmap->refcount++;
}

static void settings_mmap_unref(struct settings_mmap **_mmap)
{
	struct settings_mmap *mmap = *_mmap;
	if (mmap == NULL)
		return;
	i_assert(mmap->refcount > 0);

	*_mmap = NULL;
	if (--mmap->refcount > 0)
		return;

	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < mmap->event_filters_count; i++) {
		if (mmap->event_filters[i].filter != EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_ALWAYS &&
		    mmap->event_filters[i].filter != EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_NEVER)
			event_filter_unref(&mmap->event_filters[i].filter);
	}
	hash_table_destroy(&mmap->blocks);

	if (munmap(mmap->mmap_base, mmap->mmap_size) < 0)
		i_error("munmap(<config>) failed: %m");
	pool_unref(&mmap->pool);
}

int settings_read(struct settings_root *root, int fd, const char *path,
		  const char *service_name, const char *protocol_name,
		  enum settings_read_flags flags,
		  const char *const **specific_protocols_r,
		  const char **error_r)
{
	pool_t pool = pool_alloconly_create("settings mmap", 1024*16);
	struct settings_mmap *mmap = p_new(pool, struct settings_mmap, 1);
	mmap->refcount = 1;
	mmap->pool = pool;
	mmap->mmap_base = mmap_ro_file(fd, &mmap->mmap_size);
	if (mmap->mmap_base == MAP_FAILED)
		i_fatal("Failed to read config: mmap(%s) failed: %m", path);
	if (mmap->mmap_size == 0)
		i_fatal("Failed to read config: %s file size is empty", path);
	/* Remember the protocol for following settings lookups */
	root->protocol_name = p_strdup(root->pool, protocol_name);

	settings_mmap_unref(&root->mmap);
	mmap->root = root;
	root->mmap = mmap;
	hash_table_create(&mmap->blocks, mmap->pool, 0, str_hash, strcmp);

	int ret = settings_mmap_parse(root->mmap, service_name, flags,
				      specific_protocols_r, error_r);
	if (ret < 0 ||
	    (ret == 0 && (flags & SETTINGS_READ_CHECK_CACHE_TIMESTAMPS) != 0))
		settings_mmap_unref(&root->mmap);
	return ret;
}

bool settings_has_mmap(struct settings_root *root)
{
	return root->mmap != NULL;
}

static const char *settings_mmap_pool_get_name(pool_t pool)
{
	struct settings_mmap_pool *mpool =
		container_of(pool, struct settings_mmap_pool, pool);

	return pool_get_name(mpool->parent_pool);
}

static void settings_mmap_pool_ref(pool_t pool)
{
	struct settings_mmap_pool *mpool =
		container_of(pool, struct settings_mmap_pool, pool);

	i_assert(mpool->refcount > 0);
	mpool->refcount++;
}

static void settings_mmap_pool_unref(pool_t *pool)
{
	struct settings_mmap_pool *mpool =
		container_of(*pool, struct settings_mmap_pool, pool);

	i_assert(mpool->refcount > 0);
	*pool = NULL;
	if (--mpool->refcount > 0)
		return;

	DLLIST_REMOVE(&mpool->root->settings_pools, mpool);

	settings_mmap_unref(&mpool->mmap);
	pool_external_refs_unref(&mpool->pool);
	pool_unref(&mpool->parent_pool);
}

static void *settings_mmap_pool_malloc(pool_t pool, size_t size)
{
	struct settings_mmap_pool *mpool =
		container_of(pool, struct settings_mmap_pool, pool);

	return p_malloc(mpool->parent_pool, size);
}

static void settings_mmap_pool_free(pool_t pool, void *mem)
{
	struct settings_mmap_pool *mpool =
		container_of(pool, struct settings_mmap_pool, pool);

	p_free(mpool->parent_pool, mem);
}

static void *settings_mmap_pool_realloc(pool_t pool, void *mem,
					size_t old_size, size_t new_size)
{
	struct settings_mmap_pool *mpool =
		container_of(pool, struct settings_mmap_pool, pool);

	return p_realloc(mpool->parent_pool, mem, old_size, new_size);
}

static void settings_mmap_pool_clear(pool_t pool ATTR_UNUSED)
{
	i_panic("settings_mmap_pool_clear() must not be called");
}

static size_t settings_mmap_pool_get_max_easy_alloc_size(pool_t pool)
{
	struct settings_mmap_pool *mpool =
		container_of(pool, struct settings_mmap_pool, pool);

	return p_get_max_easy_alloc_size(mpool->parent_pool);
}

static struct pool_vfuncs static_settings_mmap_pool_vfuncs = {
	settings_mmap_pool_get_name,

	settings_mmap_pool_ref,
	settings_mmap_pool_unref,

	settings_mmap_pool_malloc,
	settings_mmap_pool_free,

	settings_mmap_pool_realloc,

	settings_mmap_pool_clear,
	settings_mmap_pool_get_max_easy_alloc_size
};

static struct settings_mmap_pool *
settings_mmap_pool_create(struct settings_root *root,
			  struct settings_mmap *mmap,
			  const char *source_filename,
			  unsigned int source_linenum)
{
	struct settings_mmap_pool *mpool;
	pool_t parent_pool =
		pool_alloconly_create("settings mmap pool", 256);

	mpool = p_new(parent_pool, struct settings_mmap_pool, 1);
	mpool->pool.v = &static_settings_mmap_pool_vfuncs;
	mpool->pool.alloconly_pool = TRUE;
	mpool->refcount = 1;
	mpool->parent_pool = parent_pool;
	mpool->root = root;
	mpool->mmap = mmap;
	mpool->source_filename = source_filename;
	mpool->source_linenum = source_linenum;
	if (mmap != NULL)
		settings_mmap_ref(mmap);

	DLLIST_PREPEND(&root->settings_pools, mpool);
	return mpool;
}

struct settings_var_expand_init_ctx {
	ARRAY(const struct var_expand_table *) tables;
	ARRAY(const struct var_expand_provider *) providers;
	ARRAY(void *) contexts;

	var_expand_escape_func_t *escape_func;
	void *escape_context;
};

static void
settings_var_expand_init_add(struct settings_var_expand_init_ctx *init_ctx,
			     const struct var_expand_params *params)
{
	unsigned int need_contexts = 1;
	static const struct var_expand_table empty_table[] = {
		VAR_EXPAND_TABLE_END
	};
	static const struct var_expand_table *empty_table_ptr = empty_table;
	static const struct var_expand_provider empty_provider[] = {
		VAR_EXPAND_TABLE_END
	};
	static const struct var_expand_provider *empty_provider_ptr = empty_provider;

	if (params->table != NULL) {
		i_assert(params->tables_arr == NULL);
		array_push_back(&init_ctx->tables, &params->table);
	} else if (params->tables_arr == NULL && params->providers_arr == NULL) {
		array_push_back(&init_ctx->tables, &empty_table_ptr);
	}
	if (params->providers != NULL) {
		i_assert(params->providers_arr == NULL);
		array_push_back(&init_ctx->providers, &params->providers);
	} else if (params->tables_arr == NULL && params->providers_arr == NULL) {
		array_push_back(&init_ctx->providers, &empty_provider_ptr);
	}
	if (params->table != NULL || params->providers != NULL)
		array_push_back(&init_ctx->contexts, &params->context);

	if (params->tables_arr != NULL || params->providers_arr != NULL) {
		unsigned int table_count = 0, prov_count = 0;
		const struct var_expand_table *tbl;
		const struct var_expand_provider *prov;

		/* Ensure that we get a table and provider so that contexts line up */
		do {
			tbl = params->tables_arr != NULL ?
				params->tables_arr[table_count] : NULL;
			prov = params->providers_arr != NULL ?
				params->providers_arr[prov_count] : NULL;

			/* for each provider and table, there needs to be
			   a correspoding entry in both arrays to make sure
			   that when we go through them, we get the correct
			   context too.
			*/
			if (tbl != NULL) {
				array_push_back(&init_ctx->tables, &tbl);
				table_count++;
			} else if (prov != NULL) {
				array_push_back(&init_ctx->tables, &empty_table_ptr);
			}
			if (prov != NULL) {
				array_push_back(&init_ctx->providers, &prov);
				prov_count++;
			} else if (tbl != NULL) {
				array_push_back(&init_ctx->providers, &empty_provider_ptr);
			}
			if (prov == NULL && tbl == NULL)
				break;
		} while (tbl != NULL || prov != NULL);

		if (I_MAX(table_count, prov_count) > need_contexts)
			need_contexts = I_MAX(table_count, prov_count);
	}

	if (params->escape_func != NULL)
		init_ctx->escape_func = params->escape_func;
	if (params->escape_context != NULL)
		init_ctx->escape_context = params->escape_context;

	/* if we have contexts, then copy them here to array */
	if (params->contexts != NULL) {
		unsigned int count = 0;
		for (void *const *ctx = params->contexts; *ctx != var_expand_contexts_end; ctx++) {
			count++;
			array_push_back(&init_ctx->contexts, ctx);
		}
		i_assert(count == need_contexts);
	} else {
		/* Make sure we push some context enough to pad the context stack
		   to match the number of tables and providers. */
		for (unsigned int i = 1; i < need_contexts; i++)
			array_push_back(&init_ctx->contexts, &params->context);
	}

	/* ensure everything is still good */
	unsigned int num_tables = array_count(&init_ctx->tables);
	unsigned int num_provs = array_count(&init_ctx->providers);
	unsigned int num_ctx = array_count(&init_ctx->contexts);
	i_assert(I_MAX(num_tables, num_provs) == num_ctx);
}

static void
settings_var_expand_init(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx)
{
	struct event *event = ctx->event;
	struct settings_var_expand_init_ctx init_ctx;
	struct var_expand_params tmp_params;

	i_zero(&init_ctx);
	t_array_init(&init_ctx.tables, 4);
	t_array_init(&init_ctx.providers, 4);
	t_array_init(&init_ctx.contexts, 4);

	while (event != NULL) {
		settings_var_expand_t *callback =
			event_get_ptr(event, SETTINGS_EVENT_VAR_EXPAND_CALLBACK);
		if (callback != NULL) {
			void *callback_context = event_get_ptr(event,
				SETTINGS_EVENT_VAR_EXPAND_CALLBACK_CONTEXT);
			i_zero(&tmp_params);
			callback(callback_context, &tmp_params);
			settings_var_expand_init_add(&init_ctx, &tmp_params);
		} else {
			const struct var_expand_params *params =
				event_get_ptr(event, SETTINGS_EVENT_VAR_EXPAND_PARAMS);
			if (params != NULL)
				settings_var_expand_init_add(&init_ctx, params);
		}

		event = event_get_parent(event);
	}

	/* ensure everything is still good */
	unsigned int num_tables = array_count(&init_ctx.tables);
	unsigned int num_provs = array_count(&init_ctx.providers);
	unsigned int num_ctx = array_count(&init_ctx.contexts);
	i_assert(I_MAX(num_tables, num_provs) == num_ctx);

	array_append_zero(&init_ctx.tables);
	array_append_zero(&init_ctx.providers);
	void *context = VAR_EXPAND_CONTEXTS_END;
	array_push_back(&init_ctx.contexts, &context);

	ctx->var_params.tables_arr = array_front(&init_ctx.tables);
	ctx->var_params.providers_arr = array_front(&init_ctx.providers);
	ctx->var_params.contexts = array_front(&init_ctx.contexts);
	if (ctx->escape_func != NULL) {
		/* settings_get_params()'s escape_func overrides all others */
		ctx->var_params.escape_func = ctx->escape_func;
		ctx->var_params.escape_context = ctx->escape_context;
	} else {
		ctx->var_params.escape_func = init_ctx.escape_func;
		ctx->var_params.escape_context = init_ctx.escape_context;
	}
	ctx->var_params.event = ctx->event;
}

static int
settings_apply_override_cmp(const struct settings_apply_override *set1,
			    const struct settings_apply_override *set2)
{
	/* We want to sort the override similarly to filters in binary config,
	   i.e. primarily based on named list filter hierarchy length. This way
	   for example userdb namespace/inbox/mailbox/trash/auto is handled
	   before -o mailbox/trash/auto CLI override. */
	int ret = (int)set2->set->filter_array_element_count -
		(int)set1->set->filter_array_element_count;
	if (ret != 0)
		return ret;

	/* Sort by the number of named (non-list) filters. Do this only if
	   both overrides have named [list] filters, because we want e.g.
	   -o mail_path to override the default sdbox/mail_path. */
	if (set1->set->filter_array_element_count > 0 ||
	    (set1->set->filter_element_count > 0 &&
	     set2->set->filter_element_count > 0)) {
		ret = (int)set2->set->filter_element_count -
			(int)set1->set->filter_element_count;
		if (ret != 0)
			return ret;
	}

	/* Next, the override type determines the order. */
	ret = (int)set2->set->type - (int)set1->set->type;
	if (ret != 0)
		return ret;

	return set2->order - set1->order;
}

static int
settings_override_cmp_filter_order(const struct settings_override *set,
				   struct settings_mmap_event_filter *set_filter)
{
	return (int)set->filter_array_element_count -
		(int)set_filter->named_list_filter_count;
}

static bool
settings_mmap_registered_lookup_key(const char *key, enum setting_type *type_r)
{
	if (!array_is_created(&set_registered_infos))
		return FALSE;

	const struct setting_parser_info *info;
	array_foreach_elem(&set_registered_infos, info) {
		unsigned int key_idx;
		if (setting_parser_info_find_key(info, key, &key_idx)) {
			*type_r = info->defines[key_idx].type;
			return TRUE;
		}
	}
	return FALSE;
}

static bool
settings_mmap_lookup_key(struct settings_mmap *mmap, const char *key,
			 enum setting_type *type_r, const void **blocks_r)
{
	if (mmap == NULL)
		return settings_mmap_registered_lookup_key(key, type_r);

	/* Look it up from hash table */
	uint32_t key_hash = (mmap->all_keys_hash_key_prefix ^ str_hash(key)) %
		mmap->all_keys_hash_count;
	uint32_t rel_offset = mmap->all_keys_hash[key_hash];
	if (rel_offset == 0)
		return FALSE;

	/* Verify the name matches */
	const char *name = CONST_PTR_OFFSET(mmap->all_keys_base, rel_offset);
	if (strcmp(name, key) != 0)
		return FALSE;

	/* Get setting type */
	const void *p = name + strlen(name) + 1;
	uint32_t set_type;
	memcpy(&set_type, p, sizeof(set_type));
	*type_r = set_type;
	*blocks_r = CONST_PTR_OFFSET(p, sizeof(set_type));
	return TRUE;
}

static bool
settings_override_key_part_find(struct settings_mmap *mmap, const char **key,
				const char *last_filter_key,
				const char *last_filter_value,
				enum setting_type *type_r,
				const void **blocks_r)
{
	if (last_filter_value != NULL) {
		i_assert(last_filter_key != NULL);
		const char *key_prefix = last_filter_key;
		/* Try filter/name/key -> filter_name_key, and fallback to
		   filter_key. Do this before the non-prefixed check, so e.g.
		   inet_listener/imap/ssl won't try to change the global ssl
		   setting. */
		const char *prefixed_key =
			t_strdup_printf("%s_%s_%s", key_prefix,
					last_filter_value, *key);
		if (settings_mmap_lookup_key(mmap, prefixed_key, type_r, blocks_r)) {
			*key = prefixed_key;
			return TRUE;
		}

		prefixed_key = t_strdup_printf("%s_%s", key_prefix, *key);
		if (settings_mmap_lookup_key(mmap, prefixed_key, type_r, blocks_r)) {
			*key = prefixed_key;
			return TRUE;
		}
	}
	return settings_mmap_lookup_key(mmap, *key, type_r, blocks_r);
}

static bool
settings_key_part_find(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx, const char **key,
		       const char *last_filter_key,
		       const char *last_filter_value,
		       unsigned int *key_idx_r)
{
	if (last_filter_value != NULL) {
		i_assert(last_filter_key != NULL);
		const char *key_prefix = last_filter_key;
		/* Try filter/name/key -> filter_name_key, and fallback to
		   filter_key. Do this before the non-prefixed check, so e.g.
		   inet_listener/imap/ssl won't try to change the global ssl
		   setting. */
		const char *prefixed_key =
			t_strdup_printf("%s_%s_%s", key_prefix,
					last_filter_value, *key);
		if (setting_parser_info_find_key(ctx->info, prefixed_key,
						 key_idx_r)) {
			*key = prefixed_key;
			return TRUE;
		}

		prefixed_key = t_strdup_printf("%s_%s", key_prefix, *key);
		if (setting_parser_info_find_key(ctx->info, prefixed_key,
						 key_idx_r)) {
			*key = prefixed_key;
			return TRUE;
		}
	}
	return setting_parser_info_find_key(ctx->info, *key, key_idx_r);
}

static int
settings_override_set_blocks(struct settings_mmap *mmap,
			     struct settings_override *set,
			     const char **error_r)
{
	enum setting_type set_type;
	const char *key = t_strcut(set->key, '/');
	const void *blocks;

	if (key[0] == SETTINGS_INCLUDE_GROUP_PREFIX) {
		/* Group override - we don't currently support optimizing the
		   block name checks. */
		return 1;
	}
	if (mmap == NULL) {
		/* Using only built-in settings - skip optimizations. */
		return 1;
	}
	if (!settings_override_key_part_find(mmap, &key, set->last_filter_key,
					     set->last_filter_value, &set_type,
					     &blocks)) {
		*error_r = t_strdup_printf("Unknown setting '%s' (in %s)",
					   key, set->orig_key);
		return -1;
	}

	uint32_t i, count, block_idx;
	memcpy(&count, blocks, sizeof(count));
	blocks = CONST_PTR_OFFSET(blocks, sizeof(count));

	if (count == 0) {
		*error_r = t_strdup_printf("BUG: Setting %s has no blocks", key);
		return -1;
	}

	const char **block_names = p_new(set->pool, const char *, count + 1);
	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
		memcpy(&block_idx, blocks, sizeof(block_idx));
		blocks = CONST_PTR_OFFSET(blocks, sizeof(block_idx));

		if (block_idx >= mmap->block_names_count) {
			*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
				"BUG: Setting %s record points to nonexistent block index %u",
				key, block_idx);
			return -1;
		}

		block_names[i] =
			CONST_PTR_OFFSET(mmap->all_keys_base,
					 mmap->block_names_rel_offsets[block_idx]);
	}
	set->block_names = block_names;
	return 1;
}

static bool setting_override_match_info(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx,
					struct settings_override *set)
{
	if (set->block_names == NULL) {
		/* Optimization disabled. */
		return TRUE;
	}
	for (unsigned int i = 0; set->block_names[i] != NULL; i++) {
		if (strcmp(set->block_names[i], ctx->info->name) == 0)
			return TRUE;
	}
	return FALSE;
}

static int
settings_override_filter_match(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx,
			       struct settings_override *set,
			       const char **error_r)
{
	const struct failure_context failure_ctx = {
		.type = LOG_TYPE_DEBUG
	};
	const char *p, *error;

	/* check if the filter is already set */
	if (set->filter != NULL) {
		if (set->filter == EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_NEVER)
			return 0;
		if (!setting_override_match_info(ctx, set))
			return 0;
		if (set->filter == EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_ALWAYS)
			return 1;
		return event_filter_match(set->filter, ctx->event,
					  &failure_ctx) ? 1 : 0;
	}

	if (str_begins(set->key, "*"SETTINGS_SEPARATOR_S, &set->key)) {
		/* always match, also for any named list filters */
		int ret = settings_override_set_blocks(ctx->instance->mmap,
						       set, error_r);
		if (ret <= 0)
			return ret;
		/* Sort this as the first */
		set->filter_array_element_count = INT_MAX;
		set->filter = EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_ALWAYS;
		return setting_override_match_info(ctx, set) ? 1 : 0;
	}

	string_t *filter_string = NULL;
	const char *last_filter_key = NULL;
	const char *last_filter_value = NULL;
	while ((p = strchr(set->key, SETTINGS_SEPARATOR)) != NULL) {
		const char *part = t_strdup_until(set->key, p);
		enum setting_type set_type;
		const void *blocks ATTR_UNUSED;

		if (!settings_override_key_part_find(ctx->instance->mmap, &part,
						     last_filter_key,
						     last_filter_value,
						     &set_type, &blocks)) {
			*error_r = t_strdup_printf("Unknown setting '%s' (in %s)",
						   part, set->orig_key);
			return -1;
		}

		if (set_type == SET_STRLIST || set_type == SET_BOOLLIST)
			break;

		if (filter_string == NULL)
			filter_string = t_str_new(64);
		else
			str_append(filter_string, " AND ");
		switch (set_type) {
		case SET_FILTER_NAME:
			last_filter_key = part;
			last_filter_value = NULL;
			str_printfa(filter_string, SETTINGS_EVENT_FILTER_NAME"=\"%s\"",
				    wildcard_str_escape(last_filter_key));
			set->filter_element_count++;
			break;
		case SET_FILTER_ARRAY: {
			const char *value = p + 1;
			p = strchr(value, SETTINGS_SEPARATOR);
			if (p == NULL) {
				*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
					"Setting override %s is missing filter name child element ('/child' expected)",
					set->key);
				return -1;
			}
			last_filter_key = part;
			last_filter_value = t_strdup_until(value, p);
			str_printfa(filter_string, SETTINGS_EVENT_FILTER_NAME"=\"%s/%s\"",
				    last_filter_key, wildcard_str_escape(settings_section_escape(last_filter_value)));
			set->filter_array_element_count++;
			break;
		}
		default:
			*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
				"Setting override %s type doesn't support child elements in the path ('/' not expected)",
				set->key);
			return -1;
		}
		set->key = p + 1;
	}

	if (set->last_filter_key != last_filter_key)
		set->last_filter_key = p_strdup(set->pool, last_filter_key);
	if (set->last_filter_value != last_filter_value)
		set->last_filter_value = p_strdup(set->pool, last_filter_value);

	int ret = settings_override_set_blocks(ctx->instance->mmap, set, error_r);
	if (ret <= 0)
		return ret;

	if (filter_string == NULL)
		set->filter = EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_ALWAYS;
	else {
		set->filter = event_filter_create_with_pool(set->pool);
		if (event_filter_parse_case_sensitive(str_c(filter_string),
						      set->filter, &error) < 0) {
			i_panic("BUG: Failed to create event filter filter for %s: %s (%s)",
				set->orig_key, error, str_c(filter_string));
		}
		pool_ref(set->pool);
	}

	if (!setting_override_match_info(ctx, set))
		return 0;
	return (set->filter == EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_ALWAYS ||
		event_filter_match(set->filter, ctx->event, &failure_ctx)) ? 1 : 0;
}

static bool settings_override_find_filter_check(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx,
						struct settings_override *set)
{
	static const struct failure_context failure_ctx = {
		.type = LOG_TYPE_DEBUG
	};
	return ctx->filter_key != NULL && set->last_filter_key != NULL &&
		strcmp(ctx->filter_key, set->last_filter_key) == 0 &&
		null_strcmp(ctx->filter_value, set->last_filter_value) == 0 &&

		set->filter != EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_NEVER &&
		set->filter != EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_ALWAYS &&
		event_filter_match(set->filter, ctx->event, &failure_ctx);
}

static bool settings_overrides_find_filter(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx)
{
	/* We've optimized skipping overrides that don't match the current
	   info. Now it looks like a filter lookup didn't find any settings.
	   But it's possible that there are settings for the filter in
	   overrides, just for different infos. Check if this is the case. */
	struct settings_override *set;
	if (array_is_created(&ctx->instance->overrides)) {
		array_foreach_modifiable(&ctx->instance->overrides, set) {
			if (settings_override_find_filter_check(ctx, set))
				return TRUE;
		}
	}
	if (array_is_created(&ctx->root->overrides)) {
		array_foreach_modifiable(&ctx->root->overrides, set) {
			if (settings_override_find_filter_check(ctx, set))
				return TRUE;
		}
	}
	return FALSE;
}

static int
settings_override_get_value(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx,
			    const struct settings_override *set,
			    const char **_key, unsigned int *key_idx_r,
			    const char **value_r)
{
	const char *key = *_key;
	unsigned int key_idx = UINT_MAX;

	if (!settings_key_part_find(ctx, &key, set->last_filter_key,
				    set->last_filter_value, &key_idx))
		key_idx = UINT_MAX;

	if (key_idx == UINT_MAX)
		return 0;

	/* remove alias */
	const char *list = strchr(key, SETTINGS_SEPARATOR);
	if (list == NULL)
		key = ctx->info->defines[key_idx].key;
	else
		key = t_strconcat(ctx->info->defines[key_idx].key, list, NULL);

	if (!set->append ||
	    ctx->info->defines[key_idx].type != SET_STR) {
		if (set->append && ctx->info->defines[key_idx].type != SET_FILTER_ARRAY)
			*_key = t_strconcat(key, SETTINGS_APPEND_KEY_SUFFIX, NULL);
		else
			*_key = key;
		*key_idx_r = key_idx;

		const char *inline_value;
		if (!str_begins(set->value, SET_FILE_INLINE_PREFIX,
				&inline_value))
			*value_r = set->value;
		else
			*value_r = t_strconcat("\n", inline_value, NULL);
		return 1;
	}

	const char *const *strp =
		PTR_OFFSET(ctx->set_struct, ctx->info->defines[key_idx].offset);
	*_key = key;
	*key_idx_r = key_idx;
	*value_r = t_strconcat(*strp, set->value, NULL);
	return 1;
}

static int
settings_instance_override_add_default(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx,
				       struct settings_override *array_set,
				       unsigned int key_idx,
				       const char **error_r)
{
	const struct setting_define *array_def =
		&ctx->info->defines[key_idx];

	i_assert(array_set->overrides_array != NULL);
	array_set->array_default_added = TRUE;

	/* As an example we could be here because of
	   -o namespace/inbox/mailbox+=foo,bar override (= array_set):

	   * array_def points to mailbox's setting_define
	   * We're going to add namespace/inbox/mailbox/foo/mailbox_name=foo
	     and namespace/inbox/mailbox/bar/mailbox_name=bar to avoid having
	     to explicitly define them.
	   * These are SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_TYPE_DEFAULT, so they will be used
	     only if the configuration file didn't already specify a different
	     mailbox_name for these filters.
	   * We're going to have to build the event filter ourself here,
	     because it's most likely too late for it to be left later. The
	     next settings_get_filter() could be trying to look up this filter
	     and it won't know enough to build the event filter.
	*/
	const char *const *items =
		t_strsplit(array_set->value, SETTINGS_FILTER_ARRAY_SEPARATORS);
	for (unsigned int i = 0; items[i] != NULL; i++) {
		struct settings_override *set =
			array_append_space(array_set->overrides_array);
		set->pool = array_set->pool;
		set->type = SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_TYPE_DEFAULT;

		set->orig_key = p_strdup_printf(set->pool, "%s/%s/%s",
			array_set->orig_key, items[i],
			array_def->filter_array_field_name);
		/* We're building the full event filter, so jump forward in
		   the key path until the last field. */
		set->key = array_def->filter_array_field_name;
		set->filter_array_element_count =
			array_set->filter_array_element_count;
		set->filter_element_count =
			array_set->filter_element_count;
		set->value = p_strdup(set->pool, items[i]);

		/* Get the final key we want to use in the event filter.
		   For example "mailbox", which in this special case gets
		   translated to "mailbox_subname". */
		const char *filter_key = strrchr(array_set->orig_key, '/');
		if (filter_key != NULL)
			filter_key++;
		else
			filter_key = array_set->orig_key;

		/* Build the final event filter. */
		const char *filter_string = t_strdup_printf(
			SETTINGS_EVENT_FILTER_NAME"=\"%s/%s\"",
			filter_key, wildcard_str_escape(settings_section_escape(items[i])));
		const char *error;

		if (settings_override_set_blocks(ctx->instance->mmap,
						 set, error_r) < 0)
			return -1;

		set->filter = event_filter_create_with_pool(set->pool);
		pool_ref(set->pool);
		if (event_filter_parse_case_sensitive(filter_string,
						      set->filter, &error) < 0) {
			i_panic("BUG: Failed to create event filter for %s: %s (%s)",
				set->orig_key, error, filter_string);
		}
		if (array_set->filter != EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_ALWAYS) {
			/* Merge the final event filter with the parent
			   SET_FILTER_ARRAY's event filter. */
			event_filter_merge(set->filter, array_set->filter,
					   EVENT_FILTER_MERGE_OP_AND);
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

static int settings_apply_add_override(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx,
				       struct settings_override *set,
				       const char **error_r)
{
	int ret;
	T_BEGIN {
		ret = settings_override_filter_match(ctx, set, error_r);
	} T_END_PASS_STR_IF(ret < 0, error_r);
	if (ret <= 0)
		return ret;

	struct settings_apply_override *override =
		array_append_space(&ctx->overrides);
	override->set = set;
	override->order = array_count(&ctx->overrides);
	return 1;
}

static void
settings_instance_overrides_add_filters(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx,
					const struct setting_parser_info *info)
{
	const struct setting_keyvalue *defaults = info->default_settings;
	struct settings_override *set;
	const char *error;
	int ret;

	if (defaults == NULL)
		return;
	for (unsigned int i = 0; defaults[i].key != NULL; i++) {
		set = p_new(ctx->temp_pool, struct settings_override, 1);
		set->pool = ctx->temp_pool;
		set->type = SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_TYPE_DEFAULT;
		set->key = set->orig_key = defaults[i].key;
		set->value = defaults[i].value;
		if ((ret = settings_apply_add_override(ctx, set, &error)) < 0)
			i_panic("Applying default settings failed: %s", error);
		if (ret == 0)
			settings_override_free(set);
	}
}

static int
settings_instance_override_init(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx,
				const char **error_r)
{
	struct settings_override *set;
	bool have_2nd_defaults = FALSE;

	if (ctx->instance->mmap == NULL) {
		/* For unit tests, auto-register the looked up info */
		settings_info_register(ctx->info);
	}

	t_array_init(&ctx->overrides, 64);
	if (array_is_created(&ctx->instance->overrides)) {
		array_foreach_modifiable(&ctx->instance->overrides, set) {
			if (set->type == SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_TYPE_2ND_DEFAULT)
				have_2nd_defaults = TRUE;
			if (settings_apply_add_override(ctx, set, error_r) < 0)
				return -1;
		}
	}
	if (array_is_created(&ctx->root->overrides)) {
		array_foreach_modifiable(&ctx->root->overrides, set) {
			if (set->type == SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_TYPE_2ND_DEFAULT)
				have_2nd_defaults = TRUE;
			if (settings_apply_add_override(ctx, set, error_r) < 0)
				return -1;
		}
	}
	if ((ctx->instance->mmap == NULL || have_2nd_defaults) &&
	    array_is_created(&set_registered_infos)) {
		/* a) No configuration - default_settings won't be
		   applied unless we add them here also. This isn't for any
		   production use, so performance doesn't matter.

		   b) SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_TYPE_2ND_DEFAULT has been used. The
		   idea is that unless SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_TYPE_2ND_CLI_PARAM has
		   overridden it, the value should be the default. This works
		   for the defaults in the struct without extra code, but if
		   the default comes from setting_parser_info.default_settings,
		   we'll need to add those into overrides as
		   SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_TYPE_DEFAULT. We really only need to
		   add those specific keys that have
		   SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_TYPE_2ND_DEFAULT, but it's a bit
		   troublesome to check which ones have it. It's not harmful
		   to have other settings there as well, since for other
		   settings the SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_TYPE_DEFAULT overrides are
		   never even processed, because the final settings come from
		   the binary config. */
		const struct setting_parser_info *info;
		ctx->temp_pool = pool_alloconly_create("settings temp pool", 256);
		array_foreach_elem(&set_registered_infos, info)
			settings_instance_overrides_add_filters(ctx, info);
	}
	/* sort overrides so that the most specific ones are first */
	array_sort(&ctx->overrides, settings_apply_override_cmp);
	return 0;
}

static void
settings_apply_ctx_overrides_deinit(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx)
{
	struct settings_apply_override *set;

	array_foreach_modifiable(&ctx->overrides, set) {
		if (set->set != NULL && set->set->pool == ctx->temp_pool)
			settings_override_free(set->set);
	}
}

static void
settings_include_group_add_or_update(ARRAY_TYPE(settings_group) *include_groups,
				     const struct settings_override *set)
{
	struct settings_group *include_group;

	/* we assume that the key/value pointers in "set" exist at least as
	   long as "includes" array */
	array_foreach_modifiable(include_groups, include_group) {
		if (strcmp(include_group->label, set->key + 1) == 0) {
			include_group->name = set->value;
			return;
		}
	}
	include_group = array_append_space(include_groups);
	include_group->label = set->key + 1;
	include_group->name = set->value;
}

static int
settings_instance_override(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx,
			   struct settings_mmap_event_filter *set_filter,
			   bool *defaults, const char **error_r)
{
	struct settings_apply_override *override;
	struct settings_override *set;
	enum setting_apply_flags apply_flags = SETTING_APPLY_FLAG_OVERRIDE |
		((ctx->flags & SETTINGS_GET_FLAG_NO_EXPAND) == 0 ? 0 :
		 SETTING_APPLY_FLAG_NO_EXPAND);

	bool seen_defaults = FALSE;
	bool seen_filter = FALSE;
	array_foreach_modifiable(&ctx->overrides, override) {
		if (override->set == NULL)
			continue; /* already applied */
		set = override->set;

		unsigned int key_idx;
		int ret;

		/* If we're being called while applying filters, only apply
		   the overrides that have a matching filter. This preserves
		   the expected order in which settings are applied. */
		if (set_filter->filter != EVENT_FILTER_MATCH_ALWAYS &&
		    settings_override_cmp_filter_order(set, set_filter) < 0)
			break;

		if (set->type == SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_TYPE_DEFAULT) {
			seen_defaults = TRUE;
			if (!*defaults)
				continue;
		}

		if (ctx->filter_key != NULL && set->last_filter_key != NULL &&
		    strcmp(ctx->filter_key, set->last_filter_key) == 0 &&
		    null_strcmp(ctx->filter_value, set->last_filter_value) == 0)
			seen_filter = TRUE;

		/* Set key only after settings_override_filter_match() has
		   potentially changed it. */
		const char *key = set->key, *value;
		if (key[0] == SETTINGS_INCLUDE_GROUP_PREFIX) {
			settings_include_group_add_or_update(
				&ctx->include_groups, set);
			continue;
		}
		ret = settings_override_get_value(ctx, set, &key,
						  &key_idx, &value);
		if (ret < 0)
			return -1;
		if (ret == 0) {
			/* setting doesn't exist in this info */
			continue;
		}
		bool value_needs_dup = (value != set->value);
		bool track_seen = TRUE;
		if (ctx->info->defines[key_idx].type == SET_FILTER_ARRAY) {
			track_seen = FALSE;
			/* Last part is a named list filter. Permanently store
			   pointer to the definition for this setting, which
			   allows future override lookups to fill the default
			   array name setting. */
			if (!set->array_default_added) {
				if (settings_instance_override_add_default(ctx,
						set, key_idx, error_r) < 0)
					return -1;
			}
		} else if (ctx->info->defines[key_idx].type == SET_STRLIST ||
			   ctx->info->defines[key_idx].type == SET_BOOLLIST) {
			const char *suffix;
			if (!str_begins(key, ctx->info->defines[key_idx].key, &suffix))
				i_unreached();
			if (suffix[0] == '/' &&
			    set->type == SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_TYPE_DEFAULT) {
				/* Expand %variables in the key, but only for
				   default overrides - the same way the value is
				   expanded below. -o and userdb overrides keep
				   their keys (and values) literal. Done before
				   has_key() so dedup uses the final key. */
				const char *exp_key = suffix + 1, *error;
				if (settings_var_expand(ctx, key_idx, &exp_key,
							&error) < 0) {
					*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
						"Failed to expand default setting %s key variables: %s",
						key, error);
					return -1;
				}
				key = t_strconcat(ctx->info->defines[key_idx].key,
						  "/", exp_key, NULL);
				suffix = key + strlen(ctx->info->defines[key_idx].key);
			}
			if (suffix[0] != '/') {
				/* replace full boollist setting
				   (invalid for strlist) */
				i_assert(suffix[0] == '\0');
			} else if (settings_parse_list_has_key(ctx->parser,
					key_idx,
					settings_section_unescape(suffix + 1)))
				continue;
			else
				track_seen = FALSE;
		}
		if (track_seen) {
			enum set_seen_type *set_seenp =
				array_idx_get_space(&ctx->set_seen, key_idx);
			switch (*set_seenp) {
			case SET_SEEN_NO:
				break;
			case SET_SEEN_YES:
				/* already set - skip */
				continue;
			case SET_SEEN_DEFAULT:
				/* already seen, but still apply defaults */
				if (set->type != SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_TYPE_DEFAULT)
					continue;
				break;
			}
			if (set->type == SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_TYPE_2ND_DEFAULT)
				*set_seenp = SET_SEEN_DEFAULT;
			else
				*set_seenp = SET_SEEN_YES;
		}
		/* skip this setting the next time */
		override->set = NULL;
		if (set->pool == ctx->temp_pool)
			settings_override_free(set);

		if (set->type == SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_TYPE_DEFAULT) {
			/* Expand %variables only for default settings.
			   These defaults are usually handled already by the
			   config process, but we get here with -O parameter
			   or with SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_TYPE_2ND_DEFAULT. */
			const char *error;
			ret = settings_var_expand(ctx, key_idx, &value, &error);
			if (ret < 0) {
				*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
					"Failed to expand default setting %s=%s variables: %s",
					key, value, error);
				return -1;
			}
			if (ret > 0) {
				/* value was already strdup()ed */
				value_needs_dup = FALSE;
			}
		}
		if (ctx->info->defines[key_idx].type == SET_FILTER_ARRAY &&
		    set->type <= SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_TYPE_CLI_PARAM &&
		    str_begins_with(value, "__")) {
			*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
				"Named list filter name must not begin with '__': %s",
				value);
			return -1;
		}

		if (value_needs_dup)
			value = p_strdup(&ctx->mpool->pool, value);
		else if (value == set->value) {
			/* Add explicit reference to instance->pool, which is
			   kept by the settings struct's pool. This allows
			   settings to survive even if the instance is freed.

			   If there is no instance pool, it means there are
			   only CLI_PARAM settings, which are allocated from
			   FIXME: should figure out some efficient way how to
			   store them. */
			if (array_is_created(&ctx->mpool->pool.external_refs))
				i_assert(array_idx_elem(&ctx->mpool->pool.external_refs, 0) == ctx->instance->pool);
			else if (ctx->instance->pool != NULL)
				pool_add_external_ref(&ctx->mpool->pool, ctx->instance->pool);
		}
		/* An empty built-in default for a setting that can't be empty
		   (e.g. a number or time) means "no default": leave the value
		   to be inherited from a less specific filter instead of
		   failing. This lets a named filter keep a default-settings
		   entry - so settings-history can override the value for old
		   config versions - without forcing that value for current
		   versions. The config process handles this equivalently in
		   config_apply_exact_line(). */
		bool empty_default =
			set->type == SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_TYPE_DEFAULT &&
			value[0] == '\0';
		if (ctx->info->setting_apply != NULL &&
		    !ctx->info->setting_apply(ctx->event, ctx->set_struct, key,
					      &value, apply_flags, error_r)) {
			if (empty_default)
				continue;
			*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
				"Failed to override configuration from %s: "
				"Invalid %s=%s: %s",
				settings_override_type_names[set->type],
				key, value, *error_r);
			return -1;
		}
		if (settings_parse_keyidx_value_nodup(ctx->parser, key_idx, key,
						      value) < 0) {
			if (empty_default)
				continue;
			*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
				"Failed to override configuration from %s: "
				"Invalid %s=%s: %s",
				settings_override_type_names[set->type],
				key, value, settings_parser_get_error(ctx->parser));
			return -1;
		}

		if (!set->append &&
		    ctx->info->defines[key_idx].type == SET_FILTER_ARRAY) {
			/* The named list filter is filled in reverse order.
			   Mark it now as "stopped", so following filters won't
			   try to insert anything more into it. */
			settings_parse_array_stop(ctx->parser, key_idx);
		}
	}
	*defaults = seen_defaults;
	return seen_filter ? 1 : 0;
}

static int
settings_instance_get(struct settings_apply_ctx *ctx,
		      const char *source_filename,
		      unsigned int source_linenum,
		      const void **set_r, const char **error_r)
{
	const char *error;
	bool seen_filter = FALSE;
	int ret = 0;

	i_assert(ctx->info->pool_offset1 != 0);

	*set_r = NULL;

	if (event_find_field_recursive(ctx->event, "protocol") == NULL)
		event_add_str(ctx->event, "protocol", ctx->root->protocol_name);

	ctx->mpool = settings_mmap_pool_create(ctx->root, ctx->instance->mmap,
					       source_filename, source_linenum);
	pool_t set_pool = &ctx->mpool->pool;
	ctx->parser = settings_parser_init(set_pool, ctx->info,
					   SETTINGS_PARSER_FLAG_IGNORE_UNKNOWN_KEYS |
					   SETTINGS_PARSER_FLAG_INSERT_FILTERS);

	/* Set the pool early on before any callbacks are called. */
	ctx->set_struct = settings_parser_get_set(ctx->parser);
	pool_t *pool_p = PTR_OFFSET(ctx->set_struct,
				    ctx->info->pool_offset1 - 1);
	*pool_p = set_pool;

	t_array_init(&ctx->include_groups, 4);
	ctx->str = str_new(default_pool, 256);
	i_array_init(&ctx->set_seen, 64);
	if ((ctx->flags & SETTINGS_GET_FLAG_NO_EXPAND) == 0 &&
	    (ctx->flags & SETTINGS_GET_FLAG_FAKE_EXPAND) == 0)
		settings_var_expand_init(ctx);

	if (settings_instance_override_init(ctx, error_r) < 0)
		ret = -1;
	else if (ctx->instance->mmap != NULL) {
		ret = settings_mmap_apply(ctx, &error);
		if (ret < 0) {
			*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
				"Failed to parse configuration: %s", error);
		}
	} else {
		/* No configuration file - apply all overrides */
		bool defaults = TRUE;
		struct settings_mmap_event_filter set_filter = {
		};
		ret = settings_instance_override(ctx, &set_filter,
						 &defaults, error_r);
	}
	if (ret > 0)
		seen_filter = TRUE;
	settings_apply_ctx_overrides_deinit(ctx);

	if (ret >= 0)
		ret = settings_mmap_apply_defaults(ctx, error_r);
	if (ret < 0) {
		pool_unref(&set_pool);
		return -1;
	}

	if (ctx->filter_key != NULL && !seen_filter &&
	    ctx->filter_name_required &&
	    !settings_overrides_find_filter(ctx)) {
		pool_unref(&set_pool);
		return 0;
	}

	if ((ctx->flags & SETTINGS_GET_FLAG_NO_CHECK) == 0) {
		if (!settings_check(ctx->event, ctx->info, *pool_p,
				    ctx->set_struct, error_r)) {
			*error_r = t_strdup_printf("Invalid settings: %s",
						   *error_r);
			pool_unref(&set_pool);
			return -1;
		}
	}

	*set_r = ctx->set_struct;
	return 1;
}

static void
settings_event_convert_filter_names(struct event *src_event, struct event *dest_event)
{
	const char *filter_name =
		event_get_ptr(src_event, SETTINGS_EVENT_FILTER_NAME);
	if (filter_name == NULL)
		return;
	event_strlist_append(dest_event, SETTINGS_EVENT_FILTER_NAME,
			     filter_name);

	/* usually there is just one, continue fast path so see if there is a
	   2nd one. */
	filter_name = event_get_ptr(src_event, SETTINGS_EVENT_FILTER_NAME"2");
	if (filter_name == NULL)
		return;
	event_strlist_append(dest_event, SETTINGS_EVENT_FILTER_NAME,
			     filter_name);

	/* check the rest: */
	string_t *key = t_str_new(strlen(SETTINGS_EVENT_FILTER_NAME) + 1);
	str_append(key, SETTINGS_EVENT_FILTER_NAME);
	for (unsigned int i = 3;; i++) {
		str_truncate(key, strlen(SETTINGS_EVENT_FILTER_NAME));
		str_printfa(key, "%u", i);
		filter_name = event_get_ptr(src_event, str_c(key));
		if (filter_name == NULL)
			break;
		event_strlist_append(dest_event, SETTINGS_EVENT_FILTER_NAME,
				     filter_name);
	}
}

static int
settings_get_real(struct event *event,
		  const char *filter_key, const char *filter_value,
		  const struct setting_parser_info *info,
		  const struct settings_get_params *params,
		  const char *source_filename,
		  unsigned int source_linenum,
		  const void **set_r, const char **error_r)
{
	struct settings_root *scan_root, *root = NULL;
	struct settings_mmap *mmap = NULL;
	struct settings_instance *scan_instance, *instance = NULL;
	struct event *lookup_event, *scan_event = event;
	const char *filter_name = NULL;
	bool filter_name_required = FALSE;

	lookup_event = event_create(event);
	if (filter_value != NULL) {
		filter_name = t_strdup_printf("%s/%s", filter_key,
			settings_section_escape(filter_value));
		/* the filter key=value field is needed by setting override
		   handling to incrementally generate the filter */
		event_add_str(lookup_event, filter_key, filter_value);
		event_strlist_append(lookup_event, SETTINGS_EVENT_FILTER_NAME,
				     filter_name);
		filter_name_required = TRUE;
	} else if (filter_key != NULL) {
		filter_name = filter_key;
		event_strlist_append(lookup_event, SETTINGS_EVENT_FILTER_NAME,
				     filter_name);
		filter_name_required = TRUE;
	}

	do {
		scan_root = event_get_ptr(scan_event, SETTINGS_EVENT_ROOT);
		scan_instance = event_get_ptr(scan_event,
					      SETTINGS_EVENT_INSTANCE);

		if (root == NULL)
			root = scan_root;
		else if ((scan_root != NULL && root != scan_root) ||
			 (scan_instance != NULL && root != scan_instance->root)) {
			/* settings root changed - ignore the rest of the
			   event hierarchy. */
			break;
		}
		if (instance == NULL && scan_instance != NULL) {
			instance = scan_instance;
			root = instance->root;
		}

		settings_event_convert_filter_names(scan_event, lookup_event);
		scan_event = event_get_parent(scan_event);
	} while (scan_event != NULL);

	if (root == NULL)
		i_panic("settings_get() - event has no SETTINGS_EVENT_ROOT");
	if (instance != NULL)
		mmap = instance->mmap;
	else
		mmap = root->mmap;

	/* no instance-specific settings */
	struct settings_instance empty_instance = {
		.mmap = mmap,
	};
	if (instance == NULL)
		instance = &empty_instance;

	struct settings_apply_ctx ctx = {
		.event = lookup_event,
		.root = root,
		.instance = instance,
		.info = info,
		.flags = params->flags,
		.escape_func = params->escape_func,
		.escape_context = params->escape_context,
		.filter_name = filter_name,
		.filter_key = filter_key,
		.filter_value = filter_value,
		.filter_name_required = filter_name_required,
	};

	int ret = settings_instance_get(&ctx, source_filename, source_linenum,
					set_r, error_r);
	if (ret < 0) {
		*error_r = t_strdup_printf("%s settings%s: %s", info->name,
			filter_name == NULL ? "" :
			t_strdup_printf(" (filter=%s)", filter_name),
			*error_r);
	}
	settings_parser_unref(&ctx.parser);
	event_unref(&lookup_event);
	array_free(&ctx.set_seen);
	str_free(&ctx.str);
	pool_unref(&ctx.temp_pool);
	return ret;
}

bool settings_key_exists(struct event *event, const char *key)
{
	struct settings_root *root = NULL;
	do {
		root = event_get_ptr(event, SETTINGS_EVENT_ROOT);
		event = event_get_parent(event);
	} while (root == NULL && event != NULL);
	if (root == NULL)
		i_panic("settings_key_exists() - event has no SETTINGS_EVENT_ROOT");

	bool ret;
	T_BEGIN {
		size_t len = strlen(key);
		if (len > 0 && key[len-1] == SETTINGS_APPEND_KEY_SUFFIX[0])
			key = t_strndup(key, len - 1);

		enum setting_type set_type ATTR_UNUSED;
		const void *blocks ATTR_UNUSED;
		ret = settings_mmap_lookup_key(root->mmap, key,
					       &set_type, &blocks);
	} T_END;
	return ret;
}

struct settings_filter_array_item {
	union {
		unsigned int uint;
		const char *str;
	} order;
	const char *value;
};

static int
settings_filter_array_uint_cmp(const struct settings_filter_array_item *item1,
			       const struct settings_filter_array_item *item2)
{
	if (item1->order.uint < item2->order.uint)
		return -1;
	if (item1->order.uint > item2->order.uint)
		return 1;
	return 0;
}

static int
settings_filter_array_str_cmp(const struct settings_filter_array_item *item1,
			      const struct settings_filter_array_item *item2)
{
	return strcmp(item1->order.str, item2->order.str);
}

static int
settings_sort_filter_array(struct event *event, const char *field_name,
			   const struct setting_filter_array_order *order,
			   ARRAY_TYPE(const_string) *fvals_arr,
			   const struct settings_get_params *params,
			   const char *source_filename,
			   unsigned int source_linenum, const char **error_r)
{
	const char **fvals;
	unsigned int fidx, count, i;

	if (!array_is_created(fvals_arr))
		return 0;

	/* Find definition index of order field */
	if (!setting_parser_info_find_key(order->info, order->field_name,
					  &fidx))
		i_panic("BUG: Order field %s for filter array %s in %s "
			"not found",
			order->field_name, field_name, order->info->name);

	/* Resolve alias */
	while (fidx > 0 && order->info->defines[fidx].type == SET_ALIAS)
		fidx--;

	/* Determine type of field */
	enum {
		_ITEM_TYPE_UINT,
		_ITEM_TYPE_STR,
	} item_type;

	const struct setting_define *order_def = &order->info->defines[fidx];
	switch (order_def->type) {
	case SET_UINT:
	case SET_UINT_OCT:
	case SET_TIME:
	case SET_TIME_MSECS:
		item_type = _ITEM_TYPE_UINT;
		break;
	case SET_STR:
	case SET_STR_NOVARS:
		item_type = _ITEM_TYPE_STR;
		break;
	case SET_ALIAS:
		i_panic("BUG: Order field %s for filter array %s in %s "
			"is an invalid alias",
			order->field_name, field_name, order->info->name);
	default:
		i_panic("BUG: Order field %s for filter array %s in %s "
			"has a type unsuitable for defining an order",
			order->field_name, field_name, order->info->name);
	}

	/* Read all order fields from filter array items */
	ARRAY(struct settings_filter_array_item) items_arr;

	fvals = array_get_modifiable(fvals_arr, &count);
	t_array_init(&items_arr, count);
	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
		const void *set;
		int ret;

		T_BEGIN {
			ret = settings_get_real(event, field_name, fvals[i],
						order->info, params,
						source_filename, source_linenum,
						&set, error_r);
		} T_END_PASS_STR_IF(ret < 0, error_r);
		if (ret < 0)
			return -1;
		if (ret == 0) {
			*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
				"Filter %s=%s unexpectedly not found while sorting "
				"(invalid userdb or -o override settings?)",
				field_name, fvals[i]);
			return -1;
		}

		pool_t *pool_p = PTR_OFFSET(set, order->info->pool_offset1 - 1);
		pool_t pool = *pool_p;
		struct settings_filter_array_item *item;

		item = array_append_space(&items_arr);
		item->value = fvals[i];

		switch (item_type) {
		case _ITEM_TYPE_UINT:
			item->order.uint = *((unsigned int *)
				PTR_OFFSET(set, order_def->offset));
			break;
		case _ITEM_TYPE_STR:
			item->order.str = *((const char **)
				PTR_OFFSET(set, order_def->offset));
			item->order.str = t_strdup(item->order.str);
			break;
		default:
			i_unreached();
		}

		pool_unref(&pool);
	}

	/* Sort the filter array items based on order field */
	switch (item_type) {
	case _ITEM_TYPE_UINT:
		array_sort(&items_arr, settings_filter_array_uint_cmp);
		break;
	case _ITEM_TYPE_STR:
		array_sort(&items_arr, settings_filter_array_str_cmp);
		break;
	default:
		i_unreached();
	}

	/* Move the items in the settings */
	const struct settings_filter_array_item *items;
	unsigned int items_count;

	items = array_get(&items_arr, &items_count);
	i_assert(items_count == count);
	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
		if (!order->reverse)
			fvals[i] = items[i].value;
		else
			fvals[i] = items[count - 1 - i].value;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int
settings_get_full(struct event *event,
		  const char *filter_key, const char *filter_value,
		  const struct setting_parser_info *info,
		  const struct settings_get_params *params,
		  const char *source_filename,
		  unsigned int source_linenum,
		  const void **set_r, const char **error_r)
{
	const void *set;
	int ret;

	*set_r = NULL;
	T_BEGIN {
		ret = settings_get_real(event, filter_key, filter_value, info,
					params, source_filename, source_linenum,
					&set, error_r);
	} T_END_PASS_STR_IF(ret < 0, error_r);
	if (ret <= 0)
		return ret;
	if ((params->flags & SETTINGS_GET_FLAG_SORT_FILTER_ARRAYS) == 0) {
		/* Sorting filter arrays disabled */
		*set_r = set;
		return 1;
	}

	const struct setting_define *def;

	/* Sort filter arrays when order is defined */
	for (def = info->defines; def->key != NULL; def++) {
		int ret;

		if (def->type != SET_FILTER_ARRAY) {
			/* Not a filter array */
			continue;
		}
		if (def->filter_array_order == NULL) {
			/* No order defined */
			continue;
		}

		ARRAY_TYPE(const_string) *fvals_arr =
			PTR_OFFSET(set, def->offset);
		i_assert(fvals_arr != NULL);

		/* Sort this array */
		T_BEGIN {
			ret = settings_sort_filter_array(
				event, def->key, def->filter_array_order,
				fvals_arr, params,
				source_filename, source_linenum, error_r);
		} T_END_PASS_STR_IF(ret < 0, error_r);
		if (ret < 0) {
			pool_t *pool_p = PTR_OFFSET(set, info->pool_offset1 - 1);
			pool_t pool = *pool_p;
			pool_unref(&pool);
			return -1;
		}
	}

	*set_r = set;
	return 1;
}

#undef settings_get
int settings_get(struct event *event,
		 const struct setting_parser_info *info,
		 enum settings_get_flags flags,
		 const char *source_filename,
		 unsigned int source_linenum,
		 const void **set_r, const char **error_r)
{
	const struct settings_get_params params = {
		.flags = flags,
	};
	int ret = settings_get_full(event, NULL, NULL, info, &params,
				    source_filename, source_linenum,
				    set_r, error_r);
	i_assert(ret != 0);
	return ret < 0 ? -1 : 0;
}

#undef settings_get_params
int settings_get_params(struct event *event,
			const struct setting_parser_info *info,
			const struct settings_get_params *params,
			const char *source_filename,
			unsigned int source_linenum,
			const void **set_r, const char **error_r)
{
	int ret = settings_get_full(event, NULL, NULL, info, params,
				    source_filename, source_linenum,
				    set_r, error_r);
	i_assert(ret != 0);
	return ret < 0 ? -1 : 0;
}

#undef settings_get_filter
int settings_get_filter(struct event *event,
			const char *filter_key, const char *filter_value,
			const struct setting_parser_info *info,
			enum settings_get_flags flags,
			const char *source_filename,
			unsigned int source_linenum,
			const void **set_r, const char **error_r)
{
	i_assert(filter_key != NULL);
	i_assert(filter_value != NULL);

	const struct settings_get_params params = {
		.flags = flags,
	};
	int ret = settings_get_full(event, filter_key, filter_value, info,
				    &params, source_filename, source_linenum,
				    set_r, error_r);
	if (ret < 0)
		return -1;
	if (ret == 0) {
		/* e.g. namespace=foo was given but no namespace/foo/name */
		*error_r = t_strdup_printf(
			"Filter %s=%s unexpectedly not found "
			"(invalid userdb or -o override settings?)",
			filter_key, filter_value);
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

#undef settings_try_get_filter
int settings_try_get_filter(struct event *event,
			    const char *filter_key, const char *filter_value,
			    const struct setting_parser_info *info,
			    enum settings_get_flags flags,
			    const char *source_filename,
			    unsigned int source_linenum,
			    const void **set_r, const char **error_r)
{
	i_assert(filter_key != NULL);
	i_assert(filter_value != NULL);

	const struct settings_get_params params = {
		.flags = flags,
	};
	return settings_get_full(event, filter_key, filter_value, info,
				 &params, source_filename, source_linenum,
				 set_r, error_r);
}

#undef settings_get_or_fatal
const void *
settings_get_or_fatal(struct event *event,
		      const struct setting_parser_info *info,
		      const char *source_filename,
		      unsigned int source_linenum)
{
	const void *set;
	const char *error;

	if (settings_get(event, info, 0, source_filename,
			 source_linenum, &set, &error) < 0)
		i_fatal("%s", error);
	return set;
}

static void
settings_override_fill(struct settings_override *set, pool_t pool,
		       const char *key, const char *value,
		       enum settings_override_type type)
{
	set->pool = pool;
	set->type = type;
	size_t len = strlen(key);
	T_BEGIN {
		if (len > 0 && key[len-1] == SETTINGS_APPEND_KEY_SUFFIX[0]) {
			/* key+=value */
			set->append = TRUE;
			len--;
			while (len > 0 && i_isspace(key[len-1]))
				len--;
			key = t_strndup(key, len);
		}
		set->key = set->orig_key = p_strdup(pool, key);
		set->value = p_strdup(pool, value);
	} T_END;
}

void settings_override(struct settings_instance *instance,
		       const char *key, const char *value,
		       enum settings_override_type type)
{
	if (!array_is_created(&instance->overrides))
		p_array_init(&instance->overrides, instance->pool, 16);
	struct settings_override *set =
		array_append_space(&instance->overrides);
	set->overrides_array = &instance->overrides;
	settings_override_fill(set, instance->pool, key, value, type);
}

void settings_root_override(struct settings_root *root,
			    const char *key, const char *value,
			    enum settings_override_type type)
{
	if (!array_is_created(&root->overrides))
		p_array_init(&root->overrides, root->pool, 16);
	struct settings_override *set =
		array_append_space(&root->overrides);
	set->overrides_array = &root->overrides;
	settings_override_fill(set, root->pool, key, value, type);
}

static bool
settings_override_equals(struct settings_override *set, const char *key,
			 enum settings_override_type type)
{
	size_t key_len = strlen(key);
	bool key_append = (key_len > 0 &&
			   key[key_len-1] == SETTINGS_APPEND_KEY_SUFFIX[0]);

	if (set->type != type)
		return FALSE;
	if (set->append != key_append)
		return FALSE;

	if (key_append) {
		size_t set_len = strlen(set->key);

		if (set_len != key_len - 1)
			return FALSE;
		return (strncmp(key, set->key, key_len - 1) == 0);
	}
	return (strcmp(key, set->key) == 0);
}

bool settings_root_override_remove(struct settings_root *root,
				   const char *key,
				   enum settings_override_type type)
{
	if (!array_is_created(&root->overrides))
		return FALSE;

	struct settings_override *set;

	array_foreach_modifiable(&root->overrides, set) {
		if (!settings_override_equals(set, key, type))
			continue;

		settings_override_free(set);
		array_delete(&root->overrides,
			     array_foreach_idx(&root->overrides, set), 1);
		return TRUE;
	}

	return FALSE;
}

static const char *settings_event_get_free_filter_name_key(struct event *event)
{
	if (event_get_ptr(event, SETTINGS_EVENT_FILTER_NAME) == NULL)
		return SETTINGS_EVENT_FILTER_NAME;

	string_t *str = t_str_new(strlen(SETTINGS_EVENT_FILTER_NAME) + 1);
	str_append(str, SETTINGS_EVENT_FILTER_NAME);
	for (unsigned int i = 2;; i++) {
		str_truncate(str, strlen(SETTINGS_EVENT_FILTER_NAME));
		str_printfa(str, "%u", i);
		if (event_get_ptr(event, str_c(str)) == NULL)
			break;
	}
	return str_c(str);
}

void settings_event_add_filter_name(struct event *event, const char *name)
{
	event_set_ptr(event, settings_event_get_free_filter_name_key(event),
		      p_strdup(event_get_pool(event), name));
}

void settings_event_add_list_filter_name(struct event *event,
					 const char *key, const char *value)
{
	char *filter_name =
		p_strconcat(event_get_pool(event),
			    key, "/", settings_section_escape(value), NULL);
	event_set_ptr(event, settings_event_get_free_filter_name_key(event),
		      filter_name);
}

static struct settings_instance *
settings_instance_alloc(void)
{
	pool_t pool = pool_alloconly_create("settings instance", 1024);
	struct settings_instance *instance =
		p_new(pool, struct settings_instance, 1);
	instance->pool = pool;
	return instance;
}

struct settings_instance *
settings_instance_new(struct settings_root *root)
{
	struct settings_instance *instance = settings_instance_alloc();
	instance->root = root;
	instance->mmap = root->mmap;
	return instance;
}

struct settings_instance *
settings_instance_dup(const struct settings_instance *src)
{
	struct settings_instance *dest = settings_instance_alloc();
	dest->root = src->root;
	dest->mmap = src->mmap;

	if (!array_is_created(&src->overrides))
		return dest;

	p_array_init(&dest->overrides, dest->pool,
		     array_count(&src->overrides) + 8);
	const struct settings_override *src_set;
	array_foreach(&src->overrides, src_set) {
		struct settings_override *dest_set =
			array_append_space(&dest->overrides);
		/* regenerate filter later */
		dest_set->pool = dest->pool;
		dest_set->type = src_set->type;
		dest_set->append = src_set->append;
		dest_set->orig_key = p_strdup(dest->pool, src_set->orig_key);
		dest_set->key = dest_set->orig_key;
		dest_set->value = p_strdup(dest->pool, src_set->value);
		dest_set->overrides_array = &dest->overrides;
	}
	return dest;
}

void settings_instance_free(struct settings_instance **_instance)
{
	struct settings_instance *instance = *_instance;
	struct settings_override *override;

	if (instance == NULL)
		return;

	*_instance = NULL;

	if (array_is_created(&instance->overrides)) {
		array_foreach_modifiable(&instance->overrides, override)
			settings_override_free(override);
	}
	pool_unref(&instance->pool);
}

struct settings_root *settings_root_init(void)
{
	pool_t pool = pool_alloconly_create("settings root", 128);
	struct settings_root *root = p_new(pool, struct settings_root, 1);
	root->pool = pool;
	return root;
}

void settings_root_deinit(struct settings_root **_root)
{
	struct settings_root *root = *_root;
	struct settings_override *override;
	struct settings_mmap_pool *mpool;

	if (root == NULL)
		return;
	*_root = NULL;

	if (array_is_created(&root->overrides)) {
		array_foreach_modifiable(&root->overrides, override)
			settings_override_free(override);
	}
	settings_mmap_unref(&root->mmap);

	for (mpool = root->settings_pools; mpool != NULL; mpool = mpool->next) {
		i_warning("Leaked settings: %s:%u",
			  mpool->source_filename, mpool->source_linenum);
	}
	pool_unref(&root->pool);
}

struct settings_root *settings_root_find(const struct event *event)
{
	struct settings_root *root;

	do {
		root = event_get_ptr(event, SETTINGS_EVENT_ROOT);
		if (root != NULL)
			return root;
		event = event_get_parent(event);
	} while (event != NULL);
	return NULL;
}

static void set_registered_infos_free(void)
{
	array_free(&set_registered_infos);
}

static int
setting_parser_info_cmp(const struct setting_parser_info *info,
			const struct setting_parser_info *const *info2)
{
	return *info2 == info ? 0 : -1;
}

void settings_info_register(const struct setting_parser_info *info)
{
	if (!array_is_created(&set_registered_infos)) {
		i_array_init(&set_registered_infos, 16);
		lib_atexit(set_registered_infos_free);
	}
	if (array_lsearch(&set_registered_infos, info,
			  setting_parser_info_cmp) == NULL)
		array_push_back(&set_registered_infos, &info);
}

struct settings_instance *settings_instance_find(const struct event *event)
{
	struct settings_instance *instance;

	do {
		instance = event_get_ptr(event, SETTINGS_EVENT_INSTANCE);
		if (instance != NULL)
			return instance;
		event = event_get_parent(event);
	} while (event != NULL);
	return NULL;
}

void settings_simple_init(struct settings_simple *set_r,
			  const char *const settings[])
{
	i_zero(set_r);
	set_r->root = settings_root_init();
	set_r->event = event_create(NULL);
	event_set_ptr(set_r->event, SETTINGS_EVENT_ROOT, set_r->root);
	if (settings != NULL)
		settings_simple_update(set_r, settings);
}

void settings_simple_deinit(struct settings_simple *set)
{
	settings_instance_free(&set->instance);
	settings_root_deinit(&set->root);
	event_unref(&set->event);
}

void settings_simple_update(struct settings_simple *set,
			    const char *const settings[])
{
	settings_instance_free(&set->instance);
	set->instance = settings_instance_new(set->root);
	for (unsigned int i = 0; settings[i] != NULL; i += 2) {
		settings_override(set->instance, settings[i], settings[i + 1],
				  SETTINGS_OVERRIDE_TYPE_CODE);
	}
	event_set_ptr(set->event, SETTINGS_EVENT_INSTANCE, set->instance);
}