src/constrainteq.cpp - master - mastercond/Solvespace-qt

src/constrainteq.cpp
1 058 строк41 KB
Eric Chan
Addition of ArcLength Ratio and ArcLength Difference constraints to Constraints list
28 июн 2021, 18:31
28 июн 2021, 18:3137de364
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Given a constraint, generate one or more equations in our symbolic algebra
// system to represent that constraint; also various geometric helper
// functions for that.
//
// Copyright 2008-2013 Jonathan Westhues.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "solvespace.h"

const hConstraint ConstraintBase::NO_CONSTRAINT = { 0 };

bool ConstraintBase::HasLabel() const {
    switch(type) {
        case Type::PT_LINE_DISTANCE:
        case Type::PT_PLANE_DISTANCE:
        case Type::PT_FACE_DISTANCE:
        case Type::PT_PT_DISTANCE:
        case Type::PROJ_PT_DISTANCE:
        case Type::DIAMETER:
        case Type::LENGTH_RATIO:
        case Type::ARC_ARC_LEN_RATIO:  
        case Type::ARC_LINE_LEN_RATIO: 
        case Type::LENGTH_DIFFERENCE:
        case Type::ARC_ARC_DIFFERENCE: 
        case Type::ARC_LINE_DIFFERENCE:
        case Type::ANGLE:
        case Type::COMMENT:
            return true;

        default:
            return false;
    }
}

bool ConstraintBase::IsProjectible() const {
    switch(type) {
        case Type::POINTS_COINCIDENT:
        case Type::PT_PT_DISTANCE:
        case Type::PT_LINE_DISTANCE:
        case Type::PT_ON_LINE:
        case Type::EQUAL_LENGTH_LINES:
        case Type::EQ_LEN_PT_LINE_D:
        case Type::EQ_PT_LN_DISTANCES:
        case Type::EQUAL_ANGLE:
        case Type::LENGTH_RATIO:
        case Type::ARC_ARC_LEN_RATIO:  
        case Type::ARC_LINE_LEN_RATIO: 
        case Type::LENGTH_DIFFERENCE:
        case Type::ARC_ARC_DIFFERENCE: 
        case Type::ARC_LINE_DIFFERENCE:
        case Type::SYMMETRIC:
        case Type::SYMMETRIC_HORIZ:
        case Type::SYMMETRIC_VERT:
        case Type::SYMMETRIC_LINE:
        case Type::AT_MIDPOINT:
        case Type::HORIZONTAL:
        case Type::VERTICAL:
        case Type::ANGLE:
        case Type::PARALLEL:
        case Type::PERPENDICULAR:
        case Type::WHERE_DRAGGED:
        case Type::COMMENT:
            return true;

        case Type::PT_PLANE_DISTANCE:
        case Type::PT_FACE_DISTANCE:
        case Type::PROJ_PT_DISTANCE:
        case Type::PT_IN_PLANE:
        case Type::PT_ON_FACE:
        case Type::EQUAL_LINE_ARC_LEN:
        case Type::DIAMETER:
        case Type::PT_ON_CIRCLE:
        case Type::SAME_ORIENTATION:
        case Type::CUBIC_LINE_TANGENT:
        case Type::CURVE_CURVE_TANGENT:
        case Type::ARC_LINE_TANGENT:
        case Type::EQUAL_RADIUS:
            return false;
    }
    ssassert(false, "Impossible");
}

ExprVector ConstraintBase::VectorsParallel3d(ExprVector a, ExprVector b, hParam p) {
    return a.Minus(b.ScaledBy(Expr::From(p)));
}

Expr *ConstraintBase::PointLineDistance(hEntity wrkpl, hEntity hpt, hEntity hln)
{
    EntityBase *ln = SK.GetEntity(hln);
    EntityBase *a = SK.GetEntity(ln->point[0]);
    EntityBase *b = SK.GetEntity(ln->point[1]);

    EntityBase *p = SK.GetEntity(hpt);

    if(wrkpl == EntityBase::FREE_IN_3D) {
        ExprVector ep = p->PointGetExprs();

        ExprVector ea = a->PointGetExprs();
        ExprVector eb = b->PointGetExprs();
        ExprVector eab = ea.Minus(eb);
        Expr *m = eab.Magnitude();

        return ((eab.Cross(ea.Minus(ep))).Magnitude())->Div(m);
    } else {
        Expr *ua, *va, *ub, *vb;
        a->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(wrkpl, &ua, &va);
        b->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(wrkpl, &ub, &vb);

        Expr *du = ua->Minus(ub);
        Expr *dv = va->Minus(vb);

        Expr *u, *v;
        p->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(wrkpl, &u, &v);

        Expr *m = ((du->Square())->Plus(dv->Square()))->Sqrt();

        Expr *proj = (dv->Times(ua->Minus(u)))->Minus(
                     (du->Times(va->Minus(v))));

        return proj->Div(m);
    }
}

Expr *ConstraintBase::PointPlaneDistance(ExprVector p, hEntity hpl) {
    ExprVector n;
    Expr *d;
    SK.GetEntity(hpl)->WorkplaneGetPlaneExprs(&n, &d);
    return (p.Dot(n))->Minus(d);
}

Expr *ConstraintBase::Distance(hEntity wrkpl, hEntity hpa, hEntity hpb) {
    EntityBase *pa = SK.GetEntity(hpa);
    EntityBase *pb = SK.GetEntity(hpb);
    ssassert(pa->IsPoint() && pb->IsPoint(),
             "Expected two points to measure projected distance between");

    if(wrkpl == EntityBase::FREE_IN_3D) {
        // This is true distance
        ExprVector ea, eb, eab;
        ea = pa->PointGetExprs();
        eb = pb->PointGetExprs();
        eab = ea.Minus(eb);

        return eab.Magnitude();
    } else {
        // This is projected distance, in the given workplane.
        Expr *au, *av, *bu, *bv;

        pa->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(wrkpl, &au, &av);
        pb->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(wrkpl, &bu, &bv);

        Expr *du = au->Minus(bu);
        Expr *dv = av->Minus(bv);

        return ((du->Square())->Plus(dv->Square()))->Sqrt();
    }
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Return the cosine of the angle between two vectors. If a workplane is
// specified, then it's the cosine of their projections into that workplane.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Expr *ConstraintBase::DirectionCosine(hEntity wrkpl,
                                      ExprVector ae, ExprVector be)
{
    if(wrkpl == EntityBase::FREE_IN_3D) {
        Expr *mags = (ae.Magnitude())->Times(be.Magnitude());
        return (ae.Dot(be))->Div(mags);
    } else {
        EntityBase *w = SK.GetEntity(wrkpl);
        ExprVector u = w->Normal()->NormalExprsU();
        ExprVector v = w->Normal()->NormalExprsV();
        Expr *ua = u.Dot(ae);
        Expr *va = v.Dot(ae);
        Expr *ub = u.Dot(be);
        Expr *vb = v.Dot(be);
        Expr *maga = (ua->Square()->Plus(va->Square()))->Sqrt();
        Expr *magb = (ub->Square()->Plus(vb->Square()))->Sqrt();
        Expr *dot = (ua->Times(ub))->Plus(va->Times(vb));
        return dot->Div(maga->Times(magb));
    }
}

ExprVector ConstraintBase::PointInThreeSpace(hEntity workplane,
                                             Expr *u, Expr *v)
{
    EntityBase *w = SK.GetEntity(workplane);

    ExprVector ub = w->Normal()->NormalExprsU();
    ExprVector vb = w->Normal()->NormalExprsV();
    ExprVector ob = w->WorkplaneGetOffsetExprs();

    return (ub.ScaledBy(u)).Plus(vb.ScaledBy(v)).Plus(ob);
}

void ConstraintBase::ModifyToSatisfy() {
    if(type == Type::ANGLE) {
        Vector a = SK.GetEntity(entityA)->VectorGetNum();
        Vector b = SK.GetEntity(entityB)->VectorGetNum();
        if(other) a = a.ScaledBy(-1);
        if(workplane != EntityBase::FREE_IN_3D) {
            a = a.ProjectVectorInto(workplane);
            b = b.ProjectVectorInto(workplane);
        }
        double c = (a.Dot(b))/(a.Magnitude() * b.Magnitude());
        valA = acos(c)*180/PI;
    } else if(type == Type::PT_ON_LINE) {
        EntityBase *eln = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
        EntityBase *ea = SK.GetEntity(eln->point[0]);
        EntityBase *eb = SK.GetEntity(eln->point[1]);
        EntityBase *ep = SK.GetEntity(ptA);
        ExprVector exp = ep->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane);
        ExprVector exa = ea->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane);
        ExprVector exb = eb->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane);
        ExprVector exba = exb.Minus(exa);
        SK.GetParam(valP)->val = exba.Dot(exp.Minus(exa))->Eval() / exba.Dot(exba)->Eval();
    } else {
        // We'll fix these ones up by looking at their symbolic equation;
        // that means no extra work.
        IdList<Equation,hEquation> l = {};
        // Generate the equations even if this is a reference dimension
        GenerateEquations(&l, /*forReference=*/true);
        ssassert(l.n == 1, "Expected constraint to generate a single equation");

        // These equations are written in the form f(...) - d = 0, where
        // d is the value of the valA.
        valA += (l[0].e)->Eval();

        l.Clear();
    }
}

void ConstraintBase::AddEq(IdList<Equation,hEquation> *l, Expr *expr, int index) const
{
    Equation eq;
    eq.e = expr;
    eq.h = h.equation(index);
    l->Add(&eq);
}

void ConstraintBase::AddEq(IdList<Equation,hEquation> *l, const ExprVector &v,
                           int baseIndex) const {
    AddEq(l, v.x, baseIndex);
    AddEq(l, v.y, baseIndex + 1);
    if(workplane == EntityBase::FREE_IN_3D) {
        AddEq(l, v.z, baseIndex + 2);
    }
}

void ConstraintBase::Generate(IdList<Param,hParam> *l) {
    switch(type) {
        case Type::PARALLEL:
        case Type::CUBIC_LINE_TANGENT:
            // Add new parameter only when we operate in 3d space
            if(workplane != EntityBase::FREE_IN_3D) break;
            // fallthrough
        case Type::SAME_ORIENTATION:
        case Type::PT_ON_LINE: {
            Param p = {};
            valP = h.param(0);
            p.h = valP;
            l->Add(&p);
            break;
        }

        default:
            break;
    }
}

void ConstraintBase::GenerateEquations(IdList<Equation,hEquation> *l,
                                       bool forReference) const {
    if(reference && !forReference) return;

    Expr *exA = Expr::From(valA);
    switch(type) {
        case Type::PT_PT_DISTANCE:
            AddEq(l, Distance(workplane, ptA, ptB)->Minus(exA), 0);
            return;

        case Type::PROJ_PT_DISTANCE: {
            ExprVector pA = SK.GetEntity(ptA)->PointGetExprs(),
                       pB = SK.GetEntity(ptB)->PointGetExprs(),
                       dp = pB.Minus(pA);

            ExprVector pp = SK.GetEntity(entityA)->VectorGetExprs();
            pp = pp.WithMagnitude(Expr::From(1.0));

            AddEq(l, (dp.Dot(pp))->Minus(exA), 0);
            return;
        }

        case Type::PT_LINE_DISTANCE:
            AddEq(l,
                PointLineDistance(workplane, ptA, entityA)->Minus(exA), 0);
            return;

        case Type::PT_PLANE_DISTANCE: {
            ExprVector pt = SK.GetEntity(ptA)->PointGetExprs();
            AddEq(l, (PointPlaneDistance(pt, entityA))->Minus(exA), 0);
            return;
        }

        case Type::PT_FACE_DISTANCE: {
            ExprVector pt = SK.GetEntity(ptA)->PointGetExprs();
            EntityBase *f = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
            ExprVector p0 = f->FaceGetPointExprs();
            ExprVector n = f->FaceGetNormalExprs();
            AddEq(l, (pt.Minus(p0)).Dot(n)->Minus(exA), 0);
            return;
        }

        case Type::EQUAL_LENGTH_LINES: {
            EntityBase *a = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
            EntityBase *b = SK.GetEntity(entityB);
            AddEq(l, Distance(workplane, a->point[0], a->point[1])->Minus(
                     Distance(workplane, b->point[0], b->point[1])), 0);
            return;
        }

        // These work on distance squared, since the pt-line distances are
        // signed, and we want the absolute value.
        case Type::EQ_LEN_PT_LINE_D: {
            EntityBase *forLen = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
            Expr *d1 = Distance(workplane, forLen->point[0], forLen->point[1]);
            Expr *d2 = PointLineDistance(workplane, ptA, entityB);
            AddEq(l, (d1->Square())->Minus(d2->Square()), 0);
            return;
        }
        case Type::EQ_PT_LN_DISTANCES: {
            Expr *d1 = PointLineDistance(workplane, ptA, entityA);
            Expr *d2 = PointLineDistance(workplane, ptB, entityB);
            AddEq(l, (d1->Square())->Minus(d2->Square()), 0);
            return;
        }

        case Type::LENGTH_RATIO: {
            EntityBase *a = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
            EntityBase *b = SK.GetEntity(entityB);
            Expr *la = Distance(workplane, a->point[0], a->point[1]);
            Expr *lb = Distance(workplane, b->point[0], b->point[1]);
            AddEq(l, (la->Div(lb))->Minus(exA), 0);
            return;
        }
        
        case Type::ARC_ARC_LEN_RATIO: {
            EntityBase *arc1  = SK.GetEntity(entityA),
                       *arc2  = SK.GetEntity(entityB);

            // And get the arc1 radius, and the cosine of its angle
            EntityBase *ao1 = SK.GetEntity(arc1->point[0]),
                       *as1 = SK.GetEntity(arc1->point[1]),
                       *af1 = SK.GetEntity(arc1->point[2]);

            ExprVector aos1 = (as1->PointGetExprs()).Minus(ao1->PointGetExprs()),
                       aof1 = (af1->PointGetExprs()).Minus(ao1->PointGetExprs());
            Expr *r1 = aof1.Magnitude();

            ExprVector n1 = arc1->Normal()->NormalExprsN();
            ExprVector u1 = aos1.WithMagnitude(Expr::From(1.0));
            ExprVector v1 = n1.Cross(u1);
            // so in our new csys, we start at (1, 0, 0)
            Expr *costheta1 = aof1.Dot(u1)->Div(r1);
            Expr *sintheta1 = aof1.Dot(v1)->Div(r1);

            double thetas1, thetaf1, dtheta1;
            arc1->ArcGetAngles(&thetas1, &thetaf1, &dtheta1);
            Expr *theta1;
            if(dtheta1 < 3*PI/4) {
                theta1 = costheta1->ACos();
            } else if(dtheta1 < 5*PI/4) {
                // As the angle crosses pi, cos theta1 is not invertible;
                // so use the sine to stop blowing up
                theta1 = Expr::From(PI)->Minus(sintheta1->ASin());
            } else {
                theta1 = (Expr::From(2*PI))->Minus(costheta1->ACos());
            }
            
            // And get the arc2 radius, and the cosine of its angle
            EntityBase *ao2 = SK.GetEntity(arc2->point[0]),
                       *as2 = SK.GetEntity(arc2->point[1]),
                       *af2 = SK.GetEntity(arc2->point[2]);

            ExprVector aos2 = (as2->PointGetExprs()).Minus(ao2->PointGetExprs()),
                       aof2 = (af2->PointGetExprs()).Minus(ao2->PointGetExprs());
            Expr *r2 = aof2.Magnitude();

            ExprVector n2 = arc2->Normal()->NormalExprsN();
            ExprVector u2 = aos2.WithMagnitude(Expr::From(1.0));
            ExprVector v2 = n2.Cross(u2);
            // so in our new csys, we start at (1, 0, 0)
            Expr *costheta2 = aof2.Dot(u2)->Div(r2);
            Expr *sintheta2 = aof2.Dot(v2)->Div(r2);

            double thetas2, thetaf2, dtheta2;
            arc2->ArcGetAngles(&thetas2, &thetaf2, &dtheta2);
            Expr *theta2;
            if(dtheta2 < 3*PI/4) {
                theta2 = costheta2->ACos();
            } else if(dtheta2 < 5*PI/4) {
                // As the angle crosses pi, cos theta2 is not invertible;
                // so use the sine to stop blowing up
                theta2 = Expr::From(PI)->Minus(sintheta2->ASin());
            } else {
                theta2 = (Expr::From(2*PI))->Minus(costheta2->ACos());
            }
            // And write the equation; (r1*theta1) / ( r2*theta2) = some ratio
            AddEq(l, (r1->Times(theta1))->Div(r2->Times(theta2))->Minus(exA), 0);
            return;
        }
        
        case Type::ARC_LINE_LEN_RATIO: {
            EntityBase *line   = SK.GetEntity(entityA),
                       *arc1   = SK.GetEntity(entityB);
             
            Expr *ll = Distance(workplane, line->point[0], line->point[1]);
               
            // And get the arc1 radius, and the cosine of its angle
            EntityBase *ao1 = SK.GetEntity(arc1->point[0]),
                       *as1 = SK.GetEntity(arc1->point[1]),
                       *af1 = SK.GetEntity(arc1->point[2]);

            ExprVector aos1 = (as1->PointGetExprs()).Minus(ao1->PointGetExprs()),
                       aof1 = (af1->PointGetExprs()).Minus(ao1->PointGetExprs());
            Expr *r1 = aof1.Magnitude();
            ExprVector n1 = arc1->Normal()->NormalExprsN();
            ExprVector u1 = aos1.WithMagnitude(Expr::From(1.0));
            ExprVector v1 = n1.Cross(u1);
            // so in our new csys, we start at (1, 0, 0)
            Expr *costheta1 = aof1.Dot(u1)->Div(r1);
            Expr *sintheta1 = aof1.Dot(v1)->Div(r1);

            double thetas1, thetaf1, dtheta1;
            arc1->ArcGetAngles(&thetas1, &thetaf1, &dtheta1);
            Expr *theta1;
            if(dtheta1 < 3*PI/4) {
                theta1 = costheta1->ACos();
            } else if(dtheta1 < 5*PI/4) {
                // As the angle crosses pi, cos theta1 is not invertible;
                // so use the sine to stop blowing up
                theta1 = Expr::From(PI)->Minus(sintheta1->ASin());
            } else {
                theta1 = (Expr::From(2*PI))->Minus(costheta1->ACos());
            }
            // And write the equation; (r1*theta1) / ( length) = some ratio
            AddEq(l, (r1->Times(theta1))->Div(ll)->Minus(exA), 0);
            return;
        }

        case Type::LENGTH_DIFFERENCE: {
            EntityBase *a = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
            EntityBase *b = SK.GetEntity(entityB);
            Expr *la = Distance(workplane, a->point[0], a->point[1]);
            Expr *lb = Distance(workplane, b->point[0], b->point[1]);
            AddEq(l, (la->Minus(lb))->Minus(exA), 0);
            return;
        }
        
        case Type::ARC_ARC_DIFFERENCE: {
            EntityBase *arc1  = SK.GetEntity(entityA),
                       *arc2  = SK.GetEntity(entityB);

            // And get the arc1 radius, and the cosine of its angle
            EntityBase *ao1 = SK.GetEntity(arc1->point[0]),
                       *as1 = SK.GetEntity(arc1->point[1]),
                       *af1 = SK.GetEntity(arc1->point[2]);

            ExprVector aos1 = (as1->PointGetExprs()).Minus(ao1->PointGetExprs()),
                       aof1 = (af1->PointGetExprs()).Minus(ao1->PointGetExprs());
            Expr *r1 = aof1.Magnitude();

            ExprVector n1 = arc1->Normal()->NormalExprsN();
            ExprVector u1 = aos1.WithMagnitude(Expr::From(1.0));
            ExprVector v1 = n1.Cross(u1);
            // so in our new csys, we start at (1, 0, 0)
            Expr *costheta1 = aof1.Dot(u1)->Div(r1);
            Expr *sintheta1 = aof1.Dot(v1)->Div(r1);

            double thetas1, thetaf1, dtheta1;
            arc1->ArcGetAngles(&thetas1, &thetaf1, &dtheta1);
            Expr *theta1;
            if(dtheta1 < 3*PI/4) {
                theta1 = costheta1->ACos();
            } else if(dtheta1 < 5*PI/4) {
                // As the angle crosses pi, cos theta1 is not invertible;
                // so use the sine to stop blowing up
                theta1 = Expr::From(PI)->Minus(sintheta1->ASin());
            } else {
                theta1 = (Expr::From(2*PI))->Minus(costheta1->ACos());
            }
            
            // And get the arc2 radius, and the cosine of its angle
            EntityBase *ao2 = SK.GetEntity(arc2->point[0]),
                       *as2 = SK.GetEntity(arc2->point[1]),
                       *af2 = SK.GetEntity(arc2->point[2]);

            ExprVector aos2 = (as2->PointGetExprs()).Minus(ao2->PointGetExprs()),
                       aof2 = (af2->PointGetExprs()).Minus(ao2->PointGetExprs());
            Expr *r2 = aof2.Magnitude();

            ExprVector n2 = arc2->Normal()->NormalExprsN();
            ExprVector u2 = aos2.WithMagnitude(Expr::From(1.0));
            ExprVector v2 = n2.Cross(u2);
            // so in our new csys, we start at (1, 0, 0)
            Expr *costheta2 = aof2.Dot(u2)->Div(r2);
            Expr *sintheta2 = aof2.Dot(v2)->Div(r2);

            double thetas2, thetaf2, dtheta2;
            arc2->ArcGetAngles(&thetas2, &thetaf2, &dtheta2);
            Expr *theta2;
            if(dtheta2 < 3*PI/4) {
                theta2 = costheta2->ACos();
            } else if(dtheta2 < 5*PI/4) {
                // As the angle crosses pi, cos theta2 is not invertible;
                // so use the sine to stop blowing up
                theta2 = Expr::From(PI)->Minus(sintheta2->ASin());
            } else {
                theta2 = (Expr::From(2*PI))->Minus(costheta2->ACos());
            }
            // And write the equation; (r1*theta1) - ( r2*theta2) = some difference
            AddEq(l, (r1->Times(theta1))->Minus(r2->Times(theta2))->Minus(exA), 0);
            return;
        }
        
        case Type::ARC_LINE_DIFFERENCE: {
            EntityBase *line   = SK.GetEntity(entityA),
                       *arc1   = SK.GetEntity(entityB);
             
            Expr *ll = Distance(workplane, line->point[0], line->point[1]);
               
            // And get the arc1 radius, and the cosine of its angle
            EntityBase *ao1 = SK.GetEntity(arc1->point[0]),
                       *as1 = SK.GetEntity(arc1->point[1]),
                       *af1 = SK.GetEntity(arc1->point[2]);

            ExprVector aos1 = (as1->PointGetExprs()).Minus(ao1->PointGetExprs()),
                       aof1 = (af1->PointGetExprs()).Minus(ao1->PointGetExprs());
            Expr *r1 = aof1.Magnitude();
            ExprVector n1 = arc1->Normal()->NormalExprsN();
            ExprVector u1 = aos1.WithMagnitude(Expr::From(1.0));
            ExprVector v1 = n1.Cross(u1);
            // so in our new csys, we start at (1, 0, 0)
            Expr *costheta1 = aof1.Dot(u1)->Div(r1);
            Expr *sintheta1 = aof1.Dot(v1)->Div(r1);

            double thetas1, thetaf1, dtheta1;
            arc1->ArcGetAngles(&thetas1, &thetaf1, &dtheta1);
            Expr *theta1;
            if(dtheta1 < 3*PI/4) {
                theta1 = costheta1->ACos();
            } else if(dtheta1 < 5*PI/4) {
                // As the angle crosses pi, cos theta1 is not invertible;
                // so use the sine to stop blowing up
                theta1 = Expr::From(PI)->Minus(sintheta1->ASin());
            } else {
                theta1 = (Expr::From(2*PI))->Minus(costheta1->ACos());
            }
            // And write the equation; (r1*theta1) - ( length) = some difference
            AddEq(l, (r1->Times(theta1))->Minus(ll)->Minus(exA), 0);
            return;
        }
        
        case Type::DIAMETER: {
            EntityBase *circle = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
            Expr *r = circle->CircleGetRadiusExpr();
            AddEq(l, (r->Times(Expr::From(2)))->Minus(exA), 0);
            return;
        }

        case Type::EQUAL_RADIUS: {
            EntityBase *c1 = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
            EntityBase *c2 = SK.GetEntity(entityB);
            AddEq(l, (c1->CircleGetRadiusExpr())->Minus(
                      c2->CircleGetRadiusExpr()), 0);
            return;
        }

        case Type::EQUAL_LINE_ARC_LEN: {
            EntityBase *line = SK.GetEntity(entityA),
                       *arc  = SK.GetEntity(entityB);

            // Get the line length
            ExprVector l0 = SK.GetEntity(line->point[0])->PointGetExprs(),
                       l1 = SK.GetEntity(line->point[1])->PointGetExprs();
            Expr *ll = (l1.Minus(l0)).Magnitude();

            // And get the arc radius, and the cosine of its angle
            EntityBase *ao = SK.GetEntity(arc->point[0]),
                       *as = SK.GetEntity(arc->point[1]),
                       *af = SK.GetEntity(arc->point[2]);

            ExprVector aos = (as->PointGetExprs()).Minus(ao->PointGetExprs()),
                       aof = (af->PointGetExprs()).Minus(ao->PointGetExprs());
            Expr *r = aof.Magnitude();

            ExprVector n = arc->Normal()->NormalExprsN();
            ExprVector u = aos.WithMagnitude(Expr::From(1.0));
            ExprVector v = n.Cross(u);
            // so in our new csys, we start at (1, 0, 0)
            Expr *costheta = aof.Dot(u)->Div(r);
            Expr *sintheta = aof.Dot(v)->Div(r);

            double thetas, thetaf, dtheta;
            arc->ArcGetAngles(&thetas, &thetaf, &dtheta);
            Expr *theta;
            if(dtheta < 3*PI/4) {
                theta = costheta->ACos();
            } else if(dtheta < 5*PI/4) {
                // As the angle crosses pi, cos theta is not invertible;
                // so use the sine to stop blowing up
                theta = Expr::From(PI)->Minus(sintheta->ASin());
            } else {
                theta = (Expr::From(2*PI))->Minus(costheta->ACos());
            }

            // And write the equation; r*theta = L
            AddEq(l, (r->Times(theta))->Minus(ll), 0);
            return;
        }

        case Type::POINTS_COINCIDENT: {
            EntityBase *a = SK.GetEntity(ptA);
            EntityBase *b = SK.GetEntity(ptB);
            if(workplane == EntityBase::FREE_IN_3D) {
                ExprVector pa = a->PointGetExprs();
                ExprVector pb = b->PointGetExprs();
                AddEq(l, pa.x->Minus(pb.x), 0);
                AddEq(l, pa.y->Minus(pb.y), 1);
                AddEq(l, pa.z->Minus(pb.z), 2);
            } else {
                Expr *au, *av;
                Expr *bu, *bv;
                a->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane, &au, &av);
                b->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane, &bu, &bv);
                AddEq(l, au->Minus(bu), 0);
                AddEq(l, av->Minus(bv), 1);
            }
            return;
        }

        case Type::PT_IN_PLANE:
            // This one works the same, whether projected or not.
            AddEq(l, PointPlaneDistance(
                        SK.GetEntity(ptA)->PointGetExprs(), entityA), 0);
            return;

        case Type::PT_ON_FACE: {
            // a plane, n dot (p - p0) = 0
            ExprVector p = SK.GetEntity(ptA)->PointGetExprs();
            EntityBase *f = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
            ExprVector p0 = f->FaceGetPointExprs();
            ExprVector n = f->FaceGetNormalExprs();
            AddEq(l, (p.Minus(p0)).Dot(n), 0);
            return;
        }

        case Type::PT_ON_LINE: {
            EntityBase *ln = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
            EntityBase *a = SK.GetEntity(ln->point[0]);
            EntityBase *b = SK.GetEntity(ln->point[1]);
            EntityBase *p = SK.GetEntity(ptA);

            ExprVector ep = p->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane);
            ExprVector ea = a->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane);
            ExprVector eb = b->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane);

            ExprVector ptOnLine = ea.Plus(eb.Minus(ea).ScaledBy(Expr::From(valP)));
            ExprVector eq = ptOnLine.Minus(ep);

            AddEq(l, eq);
            return;
        }

        case Type::PT_ON_CIRCLE: {
            // This actually constrains the point to lie on the cylinder.
            EntityBase *circle = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
            ExprVector center = SK.GetEntity(circle->point[0])->PointGetExprs();
            ExprVector pt     = SK.GetEntity(ptA)->PointGetExprs();
            EntityBase *normal = SK.GetEntity(circle->normal);
            ExprVector u = normal->NormalExprsU(),
                       v = normal->NormalExprsV();

            Expr *du = (center.Minus(pt)).Dot(u),
                 *dv = (center.Minus(pt)).Dot(v);

            Expr *r = circle->CircleGetRadiusExpr();

            AddEq(l, du->Square()->Plus(dv->Square())->Sqrt()->Minus(r), 0);
            return;
        }

        case Type::AT_MIDPOINT:
            if(workplane == EntityBase::FREE_IN_3D) {
                EntityBase *ln = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
                ExprVector a = SK.GetEntity(ln->point[0])->PointGetExprs();
                ExprVector b = SK.GetEntity(ln->point[1])->PointGetExprs();
                ExprVector m = (a.Plus(b)).ScaledBy(Expr::From(0.5));

                if(ptA.v) {
                    ExprVector p = SK.GetEntity(ptA)->PointGetExprs();
                    AddEq(l, (m.x)->Minus(p.x), 0);
                    AddEq(l, (m.y)->Minus(p.y), 1);
                    AddEq(l, (m.z)->Minus(p.z), 2);
                } else {
                    AddEq(l, PointPlaneDistance(m, entityB), 0);
                }
            } else {
                EntityBase *ln = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
                EntityBase *a = SK.GetEntity(ln->point[0]);
                EntityBase *b = SK.GetEntity(ln->point[1]);

                Expr *au, *av, *bu, *bv;
                a->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane, &au, &av);
                b->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane, &bu, &bv);
                Expr *mu = Expr::From(0.5)->Times(au->Plus(bu));
                Expr *mv = Expr::From(0.5)->Times(av->Plus(bv));

                if(ptA.v) {
                    EntityBase *p = SK.GetEntity(ptA);
                    Expr *pu, *pv;
                    p->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane, &pu, &pv);
                    AddEq(l, pu->Minus(mu), 0);
                    AddEq(l, pv->Minus(mv), 1);
                } else {
                    ExprVector m = PointInThreeSpace(workplane, mu, mv);
                    AddEq(l, PointPlaneDistance(m, entityB), 0);
                }
            }
            return;
        
        case Type::SYMMETRIC:
            if(workplane == EntityBase::FREE_IN_3D) {
                EntityBase *plane = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
                EntityBase *ea = SK.GetEntity(ptA);
                EntityBase *eb = SK.GetEntity(ptB);
                ExprVector a = ea->PointGetExprs();
                ExprVector b = eb->PointGetExprs();

                // The midpoint of the line connecting the symmetric points
                // lies on the plane of the symmetry.
                ExprVector m = (a.Plus(b)).ScaledBy(Expr::From(0.5));
                AddEq(l, PointPlaneDistance(m, plane->h), 0);

                // And projected into the plane of symmetry, the points are
                // coincident.
                Expr *au, *av, *bu, *bv;
                ea->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(plane->h, &au, &av);
                eb->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(plane->h, &bu, &bv);
                AddEq(l, au->Minus(bu), 1);
                AddEq(l, av->Minus(bv), 2);
            } else {
                EntityBase *plane = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
                EntityBase *a = SK.GetEntity(ptA);
                EntityBase *b = SK.GetEntity(ptB);

                Expr *au, *av, *bu, *bv;
                a->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane, &au, &av);
                b->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane, &bu, &bv);
                Expr *mu = Expr::From(0.5)->Times(au->Plus(bu));
                Expr *mv = Expr::From(0.5)->Times(av->Plus(bv));

                ExprVector m = PointInThreeSpace(workplane, mu, mv);
                AddEq(l, PointPlaneDistance(m, plane->h), 0);

                // Construct a vector within the workplane that is normal
                // to the symmetry pane's normal (i.e., that lies in the
                // plane of symmetry). The line connecting the points is
                // perpendicular to that constructed vector.
                EntityBase *w = SK.GetEntity(workplane);
                ExprVector u = w->Normal()->NormalExprsU();
                ExprVector v = w->Normal()->NormalExprsV();

                ExprVector pa = a->PointGetExprs();
                ExprVector pb = b->PointGetExprs();
                ExprVector n;
                Expr *d;
                plane->WorkplaneGetPlaneExprs(&n, &d);
                AddEq(l, (n.Cross(u.Cross(v))).Dot(pa.Minus(pb)), 1);
            }
            return;

        case Type::SYMMETRIC_HORIZ:
        case Type::SYMMETRIC_VERT: {
            ssassert(workplane != Entity::FREE_IN_3D,
                     "Unexpected horizontal/vertical symmetric constraint in 3d");

            EntityBase *a = SK.GetEntity(ptA);
            EntityBase *b = SK.GetEntity(ptB);

            Expr *au, *av, *bu, *bv;
            a->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane, &au, &av);
            b->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane, &bu, &bv);

            if(type == Type::SYMMETRIC_HORIZ) {
                AddEq(l, av->Minus(bv), 0);
                AddEq(l, au->Plus(bu), 1);
            } else {
                AddEq(l, au->Minus(bu), 0);
                AddEq(l, av->Plus(bv), 1);
            }
            return;
        }

        case Type::SYMMETRIC_LINE: {
            EntityBase *pa = SK.GetEntity(ptA);
            EntityBase *pb = SK.GetEntity(ptB);

            Expr *pau, *pav, *pbu, *pbv;
            pa->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane, &pau, &pav);
            pb->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane, &pbu, &pbv);

            EntityBase *ln = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
            EntityBase *la = SK.GetEntity(ln->point[0]);
            EntityBase *lb = SK.GetEntity(ln->point[1]);
            Expr *lau, *lav, *lbu, *lbv;
            la->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane, &lau, &lav);
            lb->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane, &lbu, &lbv);

            Expr *dpu = pbu->Minus(pau), *dpv = pbv->Minus(pav);
            Expr *dlu = lbu->Minus(lau), *dlv = lbv->Minus(lav);

            // The line through the points is perpendicular to the line
            // of symmetry.
            AddEq(l, (dlu->Times(dpu))->Plus(dlv->Times(dpv)), 0);

            // And the signed distances of the points to the line are
            // equal in magnitude and opposite in sign, so sum to zero
            Expr *dista = (dlv->Times(lau->Minus(pau)))->Minus(
                          (dlu->Times(lav->Minus(pav))));
            Expr *distb = (dlv->Times(lau->Minus(pbu)))->Minus(
                          (dlu->Times(lav->Minus(pbv))));
            AddEq(l, dista->Plus(distb), 1);

            return;
        }

        case Type::HORIZONTAL:
        case Type::VERTICAL: {
            ssassert(workplane != Entity::FREE_IN_3D,
                     "Unexpected horizontal/vertical constraint in 3d");

            hEntity ha, hb;
            if(entityA.v) {
                EntityBase *e = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
                ha = e->point[0];
                hb = e->point[1];
            } else {
                ha = ptA;
                hb = ptB;
            }
            EntityBase *a = SK.GetEntity(ha);
            EntityBase *b = SK.GetEntity(hb);

            Expr *au, *av, *bu, *bv;
            a->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane, &au, &av);
            b->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane, &bu, &bv);

            AddEq(l, (type == Type::HORIZONTAL) ? av->Minus(bv) : au->Minus(bu), 0);
            return;
        }

        case Type::SAME_ORIENTATION: {
            EntityBase *a = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
            EntityBase *b = SK.GetEntity(entityB);

            ExprVector au = a->NormalExprsU(),
                       an = a->NormalExprsN();
            ExprVector bu = b->NormalExprsU(),
                       bv = b->NormalExprsV(),
                       bn = b->NormalExprsN();

            ExprVector eq = VectorsParallel3d(an, bn, valP);
            AddEq(l, eq.x, 0);
            AddEq(l, eq.y, 1);
            AddEq(l, eq.z, 2);
            Expr *d1 = au.Dot(bv);
            Expr *d2 = au.Dot(bu);
            // Allow either orientation for the coordinate system, depending
            // on how it was drawn.
            if(fabs(d1->Eval()) < fabs(d2->Eval())) {
                AddEq(l, d1, 3);
            } else {
                AddEq(l, d2, 3);
            }
            return;
        }

        case Type::PERPENDICULAR:
        case Type::ANGLE: {
            EntityBase *a = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
            EntityBase *b = SK.GetEntity(entityB);
            ExprVector ae = a->VectorGetExprs();
            ExprVector be = b->VectorGetExprs();
            if(other) ae = ae.ScaledBy(Expr::From(-1));
            Expr *c = DirectionCosine(workplane, ae, be);

            if(type == Type::ANGLE) {
                // The direction cosine is equal to the cosine of the
                // specified angle
                Expr *rads = exA->Times(Expr::From(PI/180)),
                     *rc   = rads->Cos();
                double arc = fabs(rc->Eval());
                // avoid false detection of inconsistent systems by gaining
                // up as the difference in dot products gets small at small
                // angles; doubles still have plenty of precision, only
                // problem is that rank test
                Expr *mult = Expr::From(arc > 0.99 ? 0.01/(1.00001 - arc) : 1);
                AddEq(l, (c->Minus(rc))->Times(mult), 0);
            } else {
                // The dot product (and therefore the direction cosine)
                // is equal to zero, perpendicular.
                AddEq(l, c, 0);
            }
            return;
        }

        case Type::EQUAL_ANGLE: {
            EntityBase *a = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
            EntityBase *b = SK.GetEntity(entityB);
            EntityBase *c = SK.GetEntity(entityC);
            EntityBase *d = SK.GetEntity(entityD);
            ExprVector ae = a->VectorGetExprs();
            ExprVector be = b->VectorGetExprs();
            ExprVector ce = c->VectorGetExprs();
            ExprVector de = d->VectorGetExprs();

            if(other) ae = ae.ScaledBy(Expr::From(-1));

            Expr *cab = DirectionCosine(workplane, ae, be);
            Expr *ccd = DirectionCosine(workplane, ce, de);

            AddEq(l, cab->Minus(ccd), 0);
            return;
        }

        case Type::ARC_LINE_TANGENT: {
            EntityBase *arc  = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
            EntityBase *line = SK.GetEntity(entityB);

            ExprVector ac = SK.GetEntity(arc->point[0])->PointGetExprs();
            ExprVector ap =
                SK.GetEntity(arc->point[other ? 2 : 1])->PointGetExprs();

            ExprVector ld = line->VectorGetExprs();

            // The line is perpendicular to the radius
            AddEq(l, ld.Dot(ac.Minus(ap)), 0);
            return;
        }

        case Type::CUBIC_LINE_TANGENT: {
            EntityBase *cubic = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
            EntityBase *line  = SK.GetEntity(entityB);

            ExprVector a;
            if(other) {
                a = cubic->CubicGetFinishTangentExprs();
            } else {
                a = cubic->CubicGetStartTangentExprs();
            }

            ExprVector b = line->VectorGetExprs();

            if(workplane == EntityBase::FREE_IN_3D) {
                ExprVector eq = VectorsParallel3d(a, b, valP);
                AddEq(l, eq);
            } else {
                EntityBase *w = SK.GetEntity(workplane);
                ExprVector wn = w->Normal()->NormalExprsN();
                AddEq(l, (a.Cross(b)).Dot(wn), 0);
            }
            return;
        }

        case Type::CURVE_CURVE_TANGENT: {
            bool parallel = true;
            int i;
            ExprVector dir[2];
            for(i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
                EntityBase *e = SK.GetEntity((i == 0) ? entityA : entityB);
                bool oth = (i == 0) ? other : other2;

                if(e->type == Entity::Type::ARC_OF_CIRCLE) {
                    ExprVector center, endpoint;
                    center = SK.GetEntity(e->point[0])->PointGetExprs();
                    endpoint =
                        SK.GetEntity(e->point[oth ? 2 : 1])->PointGetExprs();
                    dir[i] = endpoint.Minus(center);
                    // We're using the vector from the center of the arc to
                    // an endpoint; so that's normal to the tangent, not
                    // parallel.
                    parallel = !parallel;
                } else if(e->type == Entity::Type::CUBIC) { // BRANCH_ALWAYS_TAKEN
                    if(oth) {
                        dir[i] = e->CubicGetFinishTangentExprs();
                    } else {
                        dir[i] = e->CubicGetStartTangentExprs();
                    }
                } else {
                    ssassert(false, "Unexpected entity types for CURVE_CURVE_TANGENT");
                }
            }
            if(parallel) {
                EntityBase *w = SK.GetEntity(workplane);
                ExprVector wn = w->Normal()->NormalExprsN();
                AddEq(l, ((dir[0]).Cross(dir[1])).Dot(wn), 0);
            } else {
                AddEq(l, (dir[0]).Dot(dir[1]), 0);
            }
            return;
        }

        case Type::PARALLEL: {
            EntityBase *ea = SK.GetEntity(entityA), *eb = SK.GetEntity(entityB);
            ExprVector a = ea->VectorGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane);
            ExprVector b = eb->VectorGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane);

            if(workplane == EntityBase::FREE_IN_3D) {
                ExprVector eq = VectorsParallel3d(a, b, valP);
                AddEq(l, eq);
            } else {
                // We use expressions written in workplane csys, so we can assume the workplane
                // normal is (0, 0, 1). We can write the equation as:
                //   Expr *eq = a.Cross(b).Dot(ExprVector::From(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
                // but this will just result in elimination of x and y terms after dot product.
                // We can only use the z expression:
                //   Expr *eq = a.Cross(b).z;
                // but it's more efficient to write it in the terms of pseudo-scalar product:
                Expr *eq = (a.x->Times(b.y))->Minus(a.y->Times(b.x));
                AddEq(l, eq, 0);
            }

            return;
        }

        case Type::WHERE_DRAGGED: {
            EntityBase *ep = SK.GetEntity(ptA);
            if(workplane == EntityBase::FREE_IN_3D) {
                ExprVector ev = ep->PointGetExprs();
                Vector v = ep->PointGetNum();

                AddEq(l, ev.x->Minus(Expr::From(v.x)), 0);
                AddEq(l, ev.y->Minus(Expr::From(v.y)), 1);
                AddEq(l, ev.z->Minus(Expr::From(v.z)), 2);
            } else {
                Expr *u, *v;
                ep->PointGetExprsInWorkplane(workplane, &u, &v);
                AddEq(l, u->Minus(Expr::From(u->Eval())), 0);
                AddEq(l, v->Minus(Expr::From(v->Eval())), 1);
            }
            return;
        }

        case Type::COMMENT:
            return;
    }
    ssassert(false, "Unexpected constraint ID");
}