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doc/sed.1
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Paolo Bonzini
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11 май 2009, 11:05
11 май 2009, 11:05
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.\" DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE! It was generated by help2man 1.28. .TH SED "1" "April 2009" "sed version 4.2" "User Commands" .SH NAME sed \- stream editor for filtering and transforming text .SH SYNOPSIS .B sed [\fIOPTION\fR]... \fI{script-only-if-no-other-script} \fR[\fIinput-file\fR]... .SH DESCRIPTION .ds sd \fIsed\fP .ds Sd \fISed\fP \*(Sd is a stream editor. A stream editor is used to perform basic text transformations on an input stream (a file or input from a pipeline). While in some ways similar to an editor which permits scripted edits (such as \fIed\fP), \*(sd works by making only one pass over the input(s), and is consequently more efficient. But it is \*(sd's ability to filter text in a pipeline which particularly distinguishes it from other types of editors. .HP \fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR, \fB\-\-silent\fR .IP suppress automatic printing of pattern space .HP \fB\-e\fR script, \fB\-\-expression\fR=\fIscript\fR .IP add the script to the commands to be executed .HP \fB\-f\fR script-file, \fB\-\-file\fR=\fIscript\-file\fR .IP add the contents of script-file to the commands to be executed .HP \fB\-\-follow\-symlinks\fR .IP follow symlinks when processing in place .HP \fB\-i[SUFFIX]\fR, \fB\-\-in\-place\fR[=\fISUFFIX\fR] .IP edit files in place (makes backup if extension supplied) .HP \fB\-l\fR N, \fB\-\-line\-length\fR=\fIN\fR .IP specify the desired line-wrap length for the `l' command .HP \fB\-\-posix\fR .IP disable all GNU extensions. .HP \fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-regexp\-extended\fR .IP use extended regular expressions in the script. .HP \fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-separate\fR .IP consider files as separate rather than as a single continuous long stream. .HP \fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-unbuffered\fR .IP load minimal amounts of data from the input files and flush the output buffers more often .TP \fB\-\-help\fR display this help and exit .TP \fB\-\-version\fR output version information and exit .PP If no \fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expression\fR, \fB\-f\fR, or \fB\-\-file\fR option is given, then the first non-option argument is taken as the sed script to interpret. All remaining arguments are names of input files; if no input files are specified, then the standard input is read. .PP GNU sed home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/sed/>. General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>. E-mail bug reports to: <bug-gnu-utils@gnu.org>. Be sure to include the word ``sed'' somewhere in the ``Subject:'' field. .SH "COMMAND SYNOPSIS" This is just a brief synopsis of \*(sd commands to serve as a reminder to those who already know \*(sd; other documentation (such as the texinfo document) must be consulted for fuller descriptions. .SS Zero-address ``commands'' .TP .RI :\ label Label for .B b and .B t commands. .TP .RI # comment The comment extends until the next newline (or the end of a .B -e script fragment). .TP } The closing bracket of a { } block. .SS Zero- or One- address commands .TP = Print the current line number. .TP a \e .TP .I text Append .IR text , which has each embedded newline preceded by a backslash. .TP i \e .TP .I text Insert .IR text , which has each embedded newline preceded by a backslash. .TP q [\fIexit-code\fR] Immediately quit the \*(sd script without processing any more input, except that if auto-print is not disabled the current pattern space will be printed. The exit code argument is a GNU extension. .TP Q [\fIexit-code\fR] Immediately quit the \*(sd script without processing any more input. This is a GNU extension. .TP .RI r\ filename Append text read from .IR filename . .TP .RI R\ filename Append a line read from .IR filename . Each invocation of the command reads a line from the file. This is a GNU extension. .SS Commands which accept address ranges .TP { Begin a block of commands (end with a }). .TP .RI b\ label Branch to .IR label ; if .I label is omitted, branch to end of script. .TP .RI t\ label If a s/// has done a successful substitution since the last input line was read and since the last t or T command, then branch to .IR label ; if .I label is omitted, branch to end of script. .TP .RI T\ label If no s/// has done a successful substitution since the last input line was read and since the last t or T command, then branch to .IR label ; if .I label is omitted, branch to end of script. This is a GNU extension. .TP c \e .TP .I text Replace the selected lines with .IR text , which has each embedded newline preceded by a backslash. .TP d Delete pattern space. Start next cycle. .TP D Delete up to the first embedded newline in the pattern space. Start next cycle, but skip reading from the input if there is still data in the pattern space. .TP h H Copy/append pattern space to hold space. .TP g G Copy/append hold space to pattern space. .TP x Exchange the contents of the hold and pattern spaces. .TP l List out the current line in a ``visually unambiguous'' form. .TP .RI l\ width List out the current line in a ``visually unambiguous'' form, breaking it at .I width characters. This is a GNU extension. .TP n N Read/append the next line of input into the pattern space. .TP p Print the current pattern space. .TP P Print up to the first embedded newline of the current pattern space. .TP .RI s/ regexp / replacement / Attempt to match .I regexp against the pattern space. If successful, replace that portion matched with .IR replacement . The .I replacement may contain the special character .B & to refer to that portion of the pattern space which matched, and the special escapes \e1 through \e9 to refer to the corresponding matching sub-expressions in the .IR regexp . .TP .RI w\ filename Write the current pattern space to .IR filename . .TP .RI W\ filename Write the first line of the current pattern space to .IR filename . This is a GNU extension. .TP .RI y/ source / dest / Transliterate the characters in the pattern space which appear in .I source to the corresponding character in .IR dest . .SH Addresses \*(Sd commands can be given with no addresses, in which case the command will be executed for all input lines; with one address, in which case the command will only be executed for input lines which match that address; or with two addresses, in which case the command will be executed for all input lines which match the inclusive range of lines starting from the first address and continuing to the second address. Three things to note about address ranges: the syntax is .IR addr1 , addr2 (i.e., the addresses are separated by a comma); the line which .I addr1 matched will always be accepted, even if .I addr2 selects an earlier line; and if .I addr2 is a .IR regexp , it will not be tested against the line that .I addr1 matched. .PP After the address (or address-range), and before the command, a .B ! may be inserted, which specifies that the command shall only be executed if the address (or address-range) does .B not match. .PP The following address types are supported: .TP .I number Match only the specified line .IR number . .TP .IR first ~ step Match every .IR step 'th line starting with line .IR first . For example, ``sed -n 1~2p'' will print all the odd-numbered lines in the input stream, and the address 2~5 will match every fifth line, starting with the second. .I first can be zero; in this case, \*(sd operates as if it were equal to .IR step . (This is an extension.) .TP $ Match the last line. .TP .RI / regexp / Match lines matching the regular expression .IR regexp . .TP .BI \fR\e\fPc regexp c Match lines matching the regular expression .IR regexp . The .B c may be any character. .PP GNU \*(sd also supports some special 2-address forms: .TP .RI 0, addr2 Start out in "matched first address" state, until .I addr2 is found. This is similar to .RI 1, addr2 , except that if .I addr2 matches the very first line of input the .RI 0, addr2 form will be at the end of its range, whereas the .RI 1, addr2 form will still be at the beginning of its range. This works only when .I addr2 is a regular expression. .TP .IR addr1 ,+ N Will match .I addr1 and the .I N lines following .IR addr1 . .TP .IR addr1 ,~ N Will match .I addr1 and the lines following .I addr1 until the next line whose input line number is a multiple of .IR N . .SH "REGULAR EXPRESSIONS" POSIX.2 BREs .I should be supported, but they aren't completely because of performance problems. The .B \en sequence in a regular expression matches the newline character, and similarly for .BR \ea , .BR \et , and other sequences. .SH BUGS .PP E-mail bug reports to .BR bonzini@gnu.org . Be sure to include the word ``sed'' somewhere in the ``Subject:'' field. Also, please include the output of ``sed --version'' in the body of your report if at all possible. .SH COPYRIGHT Copyright \(co 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc. .br This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, to the extent permitted by law. .PP GNU sed home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/sed/>. General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>. E-mail bug reports to: <bug-gnu-utils@gnu.org>. Be sure to include the word ``sed'' somewhere in the ``Subject:'' field. .SH "SEE ALSO" .BR awk (1), .BR ed (1), .BR grep (1), .BR tr (1), .BR perlre (1), sed.info, any of various books on \*(sd, .na the \*(sd FAQ (http://sed.sf.net/grabbag/tutorials/sedfaq.txt), http://sed.sf.net/grabbag/. .PP The full documentation for .B sed is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the .B info and .B sed programs are properly installed at your site, the command .IP .B info sed .PP should give you access to the complete manual.