INSTALL - master - githubmirror/rpm

INSTALL
376 строк15 KB
Davide Beatrici
rpmuncompress: Add support for CAR files
05 мар 2026, 15:54
05 мар 2026, 15:544ea8622
To build RPM you will need several other packages:
--------------------------------------------------

A C++ compiler that supports C++ 20 standard. When the default c++ compiler
does not support C++ 20 you can tell cmake to use a different compiler by
setting CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER, eg.

cmake -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=g++-13

Note that using a C++ compiler such as g++ is needed, gcc may seem to work but
will not compile the code correctly.

The cmake build system, version 3.18 or later.
It is available from
    https://cmake.org/

The popt library for option parsing, must be version 1.13 or later.
It is available from
    http://ftp.rpm.org/popt/

The debugedit >= 0.3 tools for producing debuginfo sub-packages.
It is available from
   https://sourceware.org/debugedit/

Lua >= 5.2 library + development environment.
Note that only the library is needed at runtime, RPM never calls external
Lua interpreter for anything. Lua is available from
    http://www.lua.org

The zlib library for compression support. You might also need/want
the unzip executable for java jar dependency analysis. All available from
    http://www.gzip.org/zlib/

The libmagic (aka file) library for file type detection (used by rpmbuild). 
The source for the file utility + library is available from
    ftp://ftp.astron.com/pub/file/

The libarchive library for archive access, available from
    https://www.libarchive.org/

The car tool for CAR files access, available from
    https://github.com/ipld/go-car

The scdoc manual page generator, available from
    https://git.sr.ht/~sircmpwn/scdoc

You will need a cryptographic library to support digests and an OpenPGP
implementation to support signatures. rpm-sequoia (>= 1.9.0 required) is
the most complete option, covering both, and also the default:
    https://github.com/rpm-software-management/rpm-sequoia

Use of rpm-sequoia is strongly recommended. It is built on a full OpenPGP
implementation in a memory-safe language, configurable policy and
user-relevant error messages.  For more information, see
    https://sequoia-pgp.org/

However, for bootstrapping purposes it may be desireable to avoid the
Rust dependency from rpm-sequoia. When building with -DWITH_SEQUOIA=OFF,
rpm is built with OpenPGP support disabled. That means, you cannot
sign packages, verify signatures or import keys, but otherwise
you can build (and install) packages normally. In this mode, libgcrypt
is used for crypthographic hash calculations by default, but alternatively
OpenSSL can be selected by specifying -DWITH_OPENSSL=ON.

Finally, it's still possible to use rpm's own legacy OpenPGP parser,
but it is considered insecure and it's use is strongly discouraged:
    https://github.com/rpm-software-management/rpmpgp_legacy

libgcrypt library is available from https://www.gnupg.org/software/libgcrypt/

If using the OpenSSL library for encryption, it must be version 1.0.2 or
later. Note: when compiling against OpenSSL, there is a possible license
incompatibility. For more details on this, see
https://people.gnome.org/~markmc/openssl-and-the-gpl.html
Some Linux distributions have different legal interpretations of this
possible incompatibility. It is recommended to consult with a lawyer before
building RPM against OpenSSL.
Fedora: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Licensing:FAQ#What.27s_the_deal_with_the_OpenSSL_license.3F
Debian: https://lists.debian.org/debian-legal/2002/10/msg00113.html

The OpenSSL crypto library is available from https://www.openssl.org/

RPM needs a database engine for normal operation. The main options are
"ndb" and "sqlite", both enabled by default but can be disabled with
-DENABLE_NDB=OFF and -DENABLE_SQLITE=OFF respetively.

Additionally standalone support for read-only BDB databases is available as
"bdb_ro" (-DENABLE_BDB_RO=ON) to aid with migration from BDB.

The ndb and bdb_ro backends have no external dependencies.
SQLite >= 3.22.0 is required for the sqlite database backend.
SQLite is available from https://www.sqlite.org/

SELinux support is enabled by default but can be disabled with
-DWITH_SELINUX=OFF. libselinux is is available from
    http://www.nsa.gov/selinux/

It may be desired to install bzip2, gzip, and xz/lzma so that RPM can use these
formats.  Gzip is necessary to build packages that contain compressed
tar balls, these are quite common on the Internet.
These are available from
    http://www.gzip.org
    http://www.bzip.org
    http://tukaani.org/xz/

Python bindings to RPM library are built by default, but it can be disabled
with -DENABLE_PYTHON=OFF. You'll need to have Python >= 3.10
runtime and C API development environment installed.
Python is available from:
    http://www.python.org/

POSIX.1e draft 15 file capabilities support is enabled by default, to
disable use -DWITH_CAP=OFF. You'll also need recent libcap, available from:
    http://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/linux-privs/libcap2/

POSIX 1003.1e draft 17 ACL verification support is enabled by default,
to disable use -DWITH_ACL=OFF. You'll also need the ACL library,
available from:
    ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/cmd_tars/

For best results you should compile with GCC and GNU Make.  Users have
reported difficulty with other build tools (any patches to lift these
dependencies are welcome). Both GCC and GNU Make available from 
    http://www.gnu.org/

If National Language Support (NLS) is desired you will need gnu
gettext (currently this is required to build rpm but we hope to 
lift this requirement soon), available from 
    http://www.gnu.org/

By default, Rpm uses C.UTF-8 locale as it's default locale. If your
environment does not support this, you can make rpm use the traditional
C locale with -DENABLE_CUTF8=OFF.

If you are going to hack the sources (or compile from source repository)
you will need most of the GNU development tools including:
autoconf, automake, gettext, libtool, makeinfo, perl, GNU m4, GNU tar
available from 
    http://www.gnu.org/

If you plan on using cryptographic signatures you will need a version
of GPG, available from
    http://www.gnupg.org/

If you wish to build the API reference manual (in HTML format), use
-DWITH_DOXYGEN=ON.  This requires Doxygen which is available from
    https://github.com/doxygen/

OpenMP multithreading support is automatically enabled if your C compiler has
support for OpenMP version 4.5 or higher (to disable, use -DENABLE_OPENMP=OFF
option).  For GCC, OpenMP 4.5 is fully supported since GCC 6.1,
which is available from
    http://www.gnu.org/

If glibc is used, it needs to be of version 2.27 or newer. Older glibc
versions have a longstanding bug where glob() does not return dangling
symlinks as matches, which broadly affects rpmbuild.

Rpm requires a POSIX.1-2008 level operating system.

To compile RPM:
--------------

    mkdir _build
    cd _build
    cmake ..

You can view the various cmake compile options with:
    cmake -L ..

and fine tune the built components + features, eg:
    cmake -DENABLE_PYTHON=OFF ..

If you have tools outside the regular FHS paths that you need rpm to find,
you can augment the search path via MYPATH environment variable to cmake.

Now build the system with:

    make

and then install with:

    make install


By default, rpm installs a series of default platforms based on the CPU
architecture names in subdirectories called

    /usr/lib/platform/<arch>-<os>

This is enough for many distributions. However, some distributions
may use more specific platform names that refer to particular computer
systems, like SBCs or specific CPU tuning when compiling. Examples of such
platform names are: "genericx86_64", "intel_skylake_64", "raspberrypi_armv7",
"raspberrypi_armv8", etc.

If the platform name is put into /etc/rpm/platform, then rpmbuild uses it
and the only macros file rpmbuild looks for is

    /usr/lib/platform/`cat /etc/rpm/platform`-<os>/macros

If this file does not exist, many rpm macros will not have their expected
values set and e.g. %configure will fail when trying to run rpmbuild.

To allow creating the macros file for such a custom platform, the shell
variables listed below must be set. If RPM_CUSTOM_ARCH is not set, the rest
is ignored.

    export RPM_CUSTOM_ARCH=genericx86_64
    export RPM_CUSTOM_ISANAME=x86
    export RPM_CUSTOM_ISABITS=64
    export RPM_CUSTOM_CANONARCH=x86_64
    export RPM_CUSTOM_CANONCOLOR=0 # to use /usr/lib for %_libdir
    export RPM_CUSTOM_CANONCOLOR=3 # to use /usr/lib64 for %_libdir

    make install 

This also creates and installs the new platform file e.g.
/usr/lib/platform/genericx86_64-linux/macros


Rpm comes with an automated self-test suite. The test-suite requires podman
(https://github.com/containers/podman/) or docker (https://github.com/docker/).
It is disabled by default to avoid the dependencies but can be enabled with
-DENABLE_TESTSUITE=ON.  The test-suite can be executed with:

    make check

Additionally, rpm supports executing the test-suite in a way that's similar to
how the project CI is set up.  You can do that with:

    make ci

Finally, if you wish to prepare an rpm source tar ball, you should do

    make dist

To package RPM:
--------------

After RPM has been installed you can run rpm to build an rpm package.
Edit the rpm.spec file to mirror any special steps you needed to
follow to make rpm compile and change the specfile to match your
taste.  You will need to put the rpm source tar file into the
SOURCES directory and we suggest putting the specfile in the
SPECS directory, then run rpmbuild -ba rpm.spec.  You will end up
with two rpms which can be found in RPMS and SRPMS.

If you are going to install rpm on machines with OS package managers
other then rpm, you may choose to install the base rpm package via a
cpio instead of a tar file.  Instead of running "make tar" during the
build process, as described above, use the base rpm packages to create
a cpio.  After the rpms have been created run rpm2cpio on the base rpm
package, this will give you a cpio package which can then use to
install rpm on a new system.

    rpm2cpio rpm-4.0-1.solaris2.6-sparc.rpm > rpm-4.0-1.solaris2.6-sparc.cpio


Non Linux Configuration Issues:
------------------------------


OS dependencies:
----------------

Under RPM based Linux distributions all libraries (in fact all files 
distributed with the OS) are under RPM control and this section is not 
an issue.

RPM will need to be informed of all the dependencies which were
satisfied before RPM was installed.  Typically this only refers to
libraries that are installed by the OS, but may include other
libraries and packages which are available at the time RPM is
installed and will not under RPM control.  Another common example of
libraries which may need dependency provisions are precompiled
libraries which are installed by the OS package manager during system
build time.  The list of dependencies you will wish to load into RPM
will depend on exactly how you bootstrap RPM onto your system and what
parts of the system you put into packages as well as on the specific OS
you are using.

The script vpkg-provides.sh can be used to generate a package which
will satisfy the dependencies on your system.  To run it you will need
to create a specfile header for this empty package and run the progam
with:

    --spec_header '/path/to/os-base-header.spec

and if you wish to ensure that some directories are not traversed you
can use the option: 

    --ignore_dirs 'grep-E|pattern|of|paths|to|ignore

By default the generated rpm will include a %verifyscript to verify
checksum of all files traversed has not changed.  This additional
check can be suppressed with:

    --no_verify

The result of running the script will be a specfile which will create
a package continging all the dependencies found on the system.  There
will be one provides line for each depednecy. The package will contain
none of the actual OS library files as it is assumed they are already
on your system and managed by other means.  Here is a example
(truncated) of the provides lines used by one user of Digital Unix. (I
have put several provides on the same line for brevity)

provides: /bin/sh /usr/bin/ksh /usr/bin/csh 
provides: libc.so.osf.1 libm.so.osf.1 libcurses.so.xpg4 libdb.so.osf.1
provides: libX11.so libXaw.so.6.0 libXext.so libXm.so.motif1.2 libXmu.so
provides: libdnet_stub.so.osf.1 libsecurity.so.osf.1 libpthread.so.osf.1
provides: libexc.so.osf.1 libmach.so.osf.1 libdps.so libdpstk.so 


The script vpkg-provides2.sh is underdevelopment as a more advanced
version of vpkg-provides.sh which is aware of many different unix
vendor packaging schemes.  It will create one "dependency package" for
each unix package your OS vendor installed.


rpmfilename:
-----------

If you plan on packaging for more then one OS you may want to edit
/etc/macros or /usr/lib/rpm/macros and change the line which has
rpmfilename to something which include both the %{_target_os} and
%{_target_cpu}.  This will cause the name of the generated rpm files
to the operating system name as well as the architecture which the rpm
runs under.  The line to change looks like:

%_rpmfilename           %%{ARCH}/%%{NAME}-%%{VERSION}-%%{RELEASE}.%%{ARCH}.rpm

you may wish to include both the %{_target_os} and %{_target_cpu} in
the final base name, so that it's easier to distinguish between what
package is appropriate for a particular arch-os-version combo.  We
suggest:

%_rpmfilename           %%{_target_platform/%%{NAME}-%%{VERSION}-%%{RELEASE}.%%{_target_platform}.rpm

There is no %{_target_os_version} tag, so if you need to also
distinguish between RPMs for certain versions of the OS, you can
hard-code the version in the rpmrc on the build machine, so that .rpm
files are generated with the version as part of the filename.

For example when one user builds RPMs for Digital Unix 4.0b and 4.0d,
optimization is important and he will build one set of RPMs for the
EV4 processor and another set for the EV56 processor.  He specifies
both the OS version (if it's important, as it is for a few packages)
and the processor version by default by setting a special rpmfilename:
on the particular build machine.

The "rpmfilename: "tag on one machine (Digital Unix 4.0d, EV56 PWS 433)
looks like:

rpmfilename: %{_target_os}/4.0d/%{_target_cpu}/%{name}-%{version}-%{release}.%{_target_os}-%{_target_cpu}ev56.rpm

For package `foo-1.1', at build time that would translate into:

    osf1/4.0d/alpha/foo-1.1-1.osf1-alphaev56.rpm

The hyphen between the %{_target_cpu} and ev56 is left out for compatibility
with GNU Config.guess and because `alphaev56' looks more "normal" to
people with an alpha than alpha-ev56 for someone on an Intel Pentium
Pro would want `i586pro' over `i586-pro', but it does make parsing
this filename by other programs a bit more difficult.


GPG
---

To use the signing features of rpm, you will need to configure certain
rpm macros in ~/.rpmmacros:

	%_gpg_name      <GPG UID>
	%_gpg_path      %(echo $HOME)/.gnupg