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src/test/regress/expected/timestamp.out
2 227 строк
92 KB
Michael Paquier
Improve tests of date_trunc() with infinity and unsupported units
07 авг 2025, 05:49
07 авг 2025, 05:49
572c0f1
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-- -- TIMESTAMP -- CREATE TABLE TIMESTAMP_TBL (d1 timestamp(2) without time zone); -- Test shorthand input values -- We can't just "select" the results since they aren't constants; test for -- equality instead. We can do that by running the test inside a transaction -- block, within which the value of 'now' shouldn't change, and so these -- related values shouldn't either. BEGIN; INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('today'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('yesterday'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('tomorrow'); -- time zone should be ignored by this data type INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('tomorrow EST'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('tomorrow zulu'); SELECT count(*) AS One FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp without time zone 'today'; one ----- 1 (1 row) SELECT count(*) AS Three FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp without time zone 'tomorrow'; three ------- 3 (1 row) SELECT count(*) AS One FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp without time zone 'yesterday'; one ----- 1 (1 row) COMMIT; DELETE FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL; -- Verify that 'now' *does* change over a reasonable interval such as 100 msec, -- and that it doesn't change over the same interval within a transaction block INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('now'); SELECT pg_sleep(0.1); pg_sleep ---------- (1 row) BEGIN; INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('now'); SELECT pg_sleep(0.1); pg_sleep ---------- (1 row) INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('now'); SELECT pg_sleep(0.1); pg_sleep ---------- (1 row) SELECT count(*) AS two FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp(2) without time zone 'now'; two ----- 2 (1 row) SELECT count(d1) AS three, count(DISTINCT d1) AS two FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL; three | two -------+----- 3 | 2 (1 row) COMMIT; TRUNCATE TIMESTAMP_TBL; -- Special values INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('-infinity'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('infinity'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('epoch'); SELECT timestamp 'infinity' = timestamp '+infinity' AS t; t --- t (1 row) -- Postgres v6.0 standard output format INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST'); -- Variations on Postgres v6.1 standard output format INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.000001 1997 PST'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.999999 1997 PST'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 PST'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 PST'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 PST'); -- ISO 8601 format INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-01-02'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-01-02 03:04:05'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01-08'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01-0800'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01 -08:00'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('19970210 173201 -0800'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-06-10 17:32:01 -07:00'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2001-09-22T18:19:20'); -- POSIX format (note that the timezone abbrev is just decoration here) INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 08:14:01 GMT+8'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 13:14:02 GMT-1'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 12:14:03 GMT-2'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 03:14:04 PST+8'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 02:14:05 MST+7:00'); -- Variations for acceptable input formats INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 -0800'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 17:32:01 1997'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 5:32PM 1997'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997/02/10 17:32:01-0800'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01 PST'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb-10-1997 17:32:01 PST'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('02-10-1997 17:32:01 PST'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('19970210 173201 PST'); set datestyle to ymd; INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('97FEB10 5:32:01PM UTC'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('97/02/10 17:32:01 UTC'); reset datestyle; INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997.041 17:32:01 UTC'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('19970210 173201 America/New_York'); -- this fails (even though TZ is a no-op, we still look it up) INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('19970710 173201 America/Does_not_exist'); ERROR: time zone "america/does_not_exist" not recognized LINE 1: INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('19970710 173201 America/D... ^ -- Test non-error-throwing API SELECT pg_input_is_valid('now', 'timestamp'); pg_input_is_valid ------------------- t (1 row) SELECT pg_input_is_valid('garbage', 'timestamp'); pg_input_is_valid ------------------- f (1 row) SELECT pg_input_is_valid('2001-01-01 00:00 Nehwon/Lankhmar', 'timestamp'); pg_input_is_valid ------------------- f (1 row) SELECT * FROM pg_input_error_info('garbage', 'timestamp'); message | detail | hint | sql_error_code ----------------------------------------------------+--------+------+---------------- invalid input syntax for type timestamp: "garbage" | | | 22007 (1 row) SELECT * FROM pg_input_error_info('2001-01-01 00:00 Nehwon/Lankhmar', 'timestamp'); message | detail | hint | sql_error_code --------------------------------------------+--------+------+---------------- time zone "nehwon/lankhmar" not recognized | | | 22023 (1 row) -- Check date conversion and date arithmetic INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-06-10 18:32:01 PDT'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 17:32:01 1997'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 11 17:32:01 1997'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 12 17:32:01 1997'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 13 17:32:01 1997'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 14 17:32:01 1997'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 15 17:32:01 1997'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1997'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 0097'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 0597'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1097'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1697'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1797'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1897'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1997'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 2097'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 28 17:32:01 1996'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 29 17:32:01 1996'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mar 01 17:32:01 1996'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 30 17:32:01 1996'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 1996'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Jan 01 17:32:01 1997'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 28 17:32:01 1997'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 29 17:32:01 1997'); ERROR: date/time field value out of range: "Feb 29 17:32:01 1997" LINE 1: INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 29 17:32:01 1997'); ^ INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mar 01 17:32:01 1997'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 30 17:32:01 1997'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 1997'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 1999'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Jan 01 17:32:01 2000'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 2000'); INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Jan 01 17:32:01 2001'); -- Currently unsupported syntax and ranges INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 -0097'); ERROR: time zone displacement out of range: "Feb 16 17:32:01 -0097" LINE 1: INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 -0097'); ^ INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 5097 BC'); ERROR: timestamp out of range: "Feb 16 17:32:01 5097 BC" LINE 1: INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 5097 BC')... ^ SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL; d1 ----------------------------- -infinity infinity Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997 Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997 Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997 Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997 Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997 Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997 Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097 Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997 Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997 Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997 Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997 Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997 Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 (65 rows) -- Check behavior at the boundaries of the timestamp range SELECT '4714-11-24 00:00:00 BC'::timestamp; timestamp ----------------------------- Mon Nov 24 00:00:00 4714 BC (1 row) SELECT '4714-11-23 23:59:59 BC'::timestamp; -- out of range ERROR: timestamp out of range: "4714-11-23 23:59:59 BC" LINE 1: SELECT '4714-11-23 23:59:59 BC'::timestamp; ^ SELECT '294276-12-31 23:59:59'::timestamp; timestamp ---------------------------- Sun Dec 31 23:59:59 294276 (1 row) SELECT '294277-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp; -- out of range ERROR: timestamp out of range: "294277-01-01 00:00:00" LINE 1: SELECT '294277-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp; ^ -- Demonstrate functions and operators SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 > timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02'; d1 ---------------------------- infinity Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997 Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997 Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997 Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997 Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997 Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097 Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997 Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997 Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997 Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997 Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 (49 rows) SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 < timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02'; d1 ----------------------------- -infinity Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897 Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997 (15 rows) SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02'; d1 -------------------------- Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997 (1 row) SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 != timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02'; d1 ----------------------------- -infinity infinity Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997 Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997 Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997 Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997 Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997 Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097 Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997 Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997 Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997 Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997 Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997 Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 (64 rows) SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 <= timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02'; d1 ----------------------------- -infinity Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897 Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997 (16 rows) SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 >= timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02'; d1 ---------------------------- infinity Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997 Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997 Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997 Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997 Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997 Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997 Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097 Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997 Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997 Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997 Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997 Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 (50 rows) SELECT d1 - timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02' AS diff FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 BETWEEN '1902-01-01' AND '2038-01-01'; diff ---------------------------------------- @ 9863 days ago @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 2 secs @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.4 secs @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.5 secs @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.6 secs @ 0 @ 3 hours 4 mins 5 secs @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 159 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 1724 days 18 hours 19 mins 20 secs @ 1168 days 8 hours 14 mins 1 sec @ 1168 days 13 hours 14 mins 2 secs @ 1168 days 12 hours 14 mins 3 secs @ 1168 days 3 hours 14 mins 4 secs @ 1168 days 2 hours 14 mins 5 secs @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 159 days 18 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 40 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 41 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 42 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 43 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 44 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 45 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 45 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 308 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago @ 307 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago @ 306 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago @ 2 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago @ 1 day 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago @ 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago @ 57 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 58 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 362 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 363 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 1093 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 1094 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 1459 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 1460 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec (55 rows) SELECT date_trunc( 'week', timestamp '2004-02-29 15:44:17.71393' ) AS week_trunc; week_trunc -------------------------- Mon Feb 23 00:00:00 2004 (1 row) SELECT date_trunc( 'week', timestamp 'infinity' ) AS inf_trunc; inf_trunc ----------- infinity (1 row) SELECT date_trunc( 'timezone', timestamp '2004-02-29 15:44:17.71393' ) AS notsupp_trunc; ERROR: unit "timezone" not supported for type timestamp without time zone SELECT date_trunc( 'timezone', timestamp 'infinity' ) AS notsupp_inf_trunc; ERROR: unit "timezone" not supported for type timestamp without time zone SELECT date_trunc( 'ago', timestamp 'infinity' ) AS invalid_trunc; ERROR: unit "ago" not recognized for type timestamp without time zone -- verify date_bin behaves the same as date_trunc for relevant intervals -- case 1: AD dates, origin < input SELECT str, interval, date_trunc(str, ts) = date_bin(interval::interval, ts, timestamp '2001-01-01') AS equal FROM ( VALUES ('week', '7 d'), ('day', '1 d'), ('hour', '1 h'), ('minute', '1 m'), ('second', '1 s'), ('millisecond', '1 ms'), ('microsecond', '1 us') ) intervals (str, interval), (VALUES (timestamp '2020-02-29 15:44:17.71393')) ts (ts); str | interval | equal -------------+----------+------- week | 7 d | t day | 1 d | t hour | 1 h | t minute | 1 m | t second | 1 s | t millisecond | 1 ms | t microsecond | 1 us | t (7 rows) -- case 2: BC dates, origin < input SELECT str, interval, date_trunc(str, ts) = date_bin(interval::interval, ts, timestamp '2000-01-01 BC') AS equal FROM ( VALUES ('week', '7 d'), ('day', '1 d'), ('hour', '1 h'), ('minute', '1 m'), ('second', '1 s'), ('millisecond', '1 ms'), ('microsecond', '1 us') ) intervals (str, interval), (VALUES (timestamp '0055-6-10 15:44:17.71393 BC')) ts (ts); str | interval | equal -------------+----------+------- week | 7 d | t day | 1 d | t hour | 1 h | t minute | 1 m | t second | 1 s | t millisecond | 1 ms | t microsecond | 1 us | t (7 rows) -- case 3: AD dates, origin > input SELECT str, interval, date_trunc(str, ts) = date_bin(interval::interval, ts, timestamp '2020-03-02') AS equal FROM ( VALUES ('week', '7 d'), ('day', '1 d'), ('hour', '1 h'), ('minute', '1 m'), ('second', '1 s'), ('millisecond', '1 ms'), ('microsecond', '1 us') ) intervals (str, interval), (VALUES (timestamp '2020-02-29 15:44:17.71393')) ts (ts); str | interval | equal -------------+----------+------- week | 7 d | t day | 1 d | t hour | 1 h | t minute | 1 m | t second | 1 s | t millisecond | 1 ms | t microsecond | 1 us | t (7 rows) -- case 4: BC dates, origin > input SELECT str, interval, date_trunc(str, ts) = date_bin(interval::interval, ts, timestamp '0055-06-17 BC') AS equal FROM ( VALUES ('week', '7 d'), ('day', '1 d'), ('hour', '1 h'), ('minute', '1 m'), ('second', '1 s'), ('millisecond', '1 ms'), ('microsecond', '1 us') ) intervals (str, interval), (VALUES (timestamp '0055-6-10 15:44:17.71393 BC')) ts (ts); str | interval | equal -------------+----------+------- week | 7 d | t day | 1 d | t hour | 1 h | t minute | 1 m | t second | 1 s | t millisecond | 1 ms | t microsecond | 1 us | t (7 rows) -- bin timestamps into arbitrary intervals SELECT interval, ts, origin, date_bin(interval::interval, ts, origin) FROM ( VALUES ('15 days'), ('2 hours'), ('1 hour 30 minutes'), ('15 minutes'), ('10 seconds'), ('100 milliseconds'), ('250 microseconds') ) intervals (interval), (VALUES (timestamp '2020-02-11 15:44:17.71393')) ts (ts), (VALUES (timestamp '2001-01-01')) origin (origin); interval | ts | origin | date_bin -------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------+-------------------------------- 15 days | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 | Thu Feb 06 00:00:00 2020 2 hours | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 | Tue Feb 11 14:00:00 2020 1 hour 30 minutes | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 | Tue Feb 11 15:00:00 2020 15 minutes | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 | Tue Feb 11 15:30:00 2020 10 seconds | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 | Tue Feb 11 15:44:10 2020 100 milliseconds | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.7 2020 250 microseconds | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71375 2020 (7 rows) -- shift bins using the origin parameter: SELECT date_bin('5 min'::interval, timestamp '2020-02-01 01:01:01', timestamp '2020-02-01 00:02:30'); date_bin -------------------------- Sat Feb 01 00:57:30 2020 (1 row) -- test roundoff edge case when source < origin SELECT date_bin('30 minutes'::interval, timestamp '2024-02-01 15:00:00', timestamp '2024-02-01 17:00:00'); date_bin -------------------------- Thu Feb 01 15:00:00 2024 (1 row) -- disallow intervals with months or years SELECT date_bin('5 months'::interval, timestamp '2020-02-01 01:01:01', timestamp '2001-01-01'); ERROR: timestamps cannot be binned into intervals containing months or years SELECT date_bin('5 years'::interval, timestamp '2020-02-01 01:01:01', timestamp '2001-01-01'); ERROR: timestamps cannot be binned into intervals containing months or years -- disallow zero intervals SELECT date_bin('0 days'::interval, timestamp '1970-01-01 01:00:00' , timestamp '1970-01-01 00:00:00'); ERROR: stride must be greater than zero -- disallow negative intervals SELECT date_bin('-2 days'::interval, timestamp '1970-01-01 01:00:00' , timestamp '1970-01-01 00:00:00'); ERROR: stride must be greater than zero -- test overflow cases select date_bin('15 minutes'::interval, timestamp '294276-12-30', timestamp '4000-12-20 BC'); ERROR: interval out of range select date_bin('200000000 days'::interval, '2024-02-01'::timestamp, '2024-01-01'::timestamp); ERROR: interval out of range select date_bin('365000 days'::interval, '4400-01-01 BC'::timestamp, '4000-01-01 BC'::timestamp); ERROR: timestamp out of range -- Test casting within a BETWEEN qualifier SELECT d1 - timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02' AS diff FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 BETWEEN timestamp without time zone '1902-01-01' AND timestamp without time zone '2038-01-01'; diff ---------------------------------------- @ 9863 days ago @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 2 secs @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.4 secs @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.5 secs @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.6 secs @ 0 @ 3 hours 4 mins 5 secs @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 159 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 1724 days 18 hours 19 mins 20 secs @ 1168 days 8 hours 14 mins 1 sec @ 1168 days 13 hours 14 mins 2 secs @ 1168 days 12 hours 14 mins 3 secs @ 1168 days 3 hours 14 mins 4 secs @ 1168 days 2 hours 14 mins 5 secs @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 159 days 18 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 40 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 41 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 42 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 43 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 44 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 45 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 45 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 308 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago @ 307 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago @ 306 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago @ 2 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago @ 1 day 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago @ 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago @ 57 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 58 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 362 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 363 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 1093 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 1094 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 1459 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec @ 1460 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec (55 rows) -- DATE_PART (timestamp_part) SELECT d1 as "timestamp", date_part( 'year', d1) AS year, date_part( 'month', d1) AS month, date_part( 'day', d1) AS day, date_part( 'hour', d1) AS hour, date_part( 'minute', d1) AS minute, date_part( 'second', d1) AS second FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL; timestamp | year | month | day | hour | minute | second -----------------------------+-----------+-------+-----+------+--------+-------- -infinity | -Infinity | | | | | infinity | Infinity | | | | | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 | 1970 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 1 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 1 Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 2 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 1.4 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 1.5 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 1.6 Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997 | 1997 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997 | 1997 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 1 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 1 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 1 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 1 Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 6 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 1 Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 | 2001 | 9 | 22 | 18 | 19 | 20 Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 | 2000 | 3 | 15 | 8 | 14 | 1 Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 | 2000 | 3 | 15 | 13 | 14 | 2 Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 | 2000 | 3 | 15 | 12 | 14 | 3 Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 | 2000 | 3 | 15 | 3 | 14 | 4 Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 | 2000 | 3 | 15 | 2 | 14 | 5 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 1 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 1 Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 0 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 1 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 1 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 1 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 1 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 1 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 1 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 1 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 1 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 1 Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 6 | 10 | 18 | 32 | 1 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 1 Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 11 | 17 | 32 | 1 Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 12 | 17 | 32 | 1 Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 13 | 17 | 32 | 1 Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 14 | 17 | 32 | 1 Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 15 | 17 | 32 | 1 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 16 | 17 | 32 | 1 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC | -97 | 2 | 16 | 17 | 32 | 1 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 | 97 | 2 | 16 | 17 | 32 | 1 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597 | 597 | 2 | 16 | 17 | 32 | 1 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097 | 1097 | 2 | 16 | 17 | 32 | 1 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697 | 1697 | 2 | 16 | 17 | 32 | 1 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797 | 1797 | 2 | 16 | 17 | 32 | 1 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897 | 1897 | 2 | 16 | 17 | 32 | 1 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 16 | 17 | 32 | 1 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097 | 2097 | 2 | 16 | 17 | 32 | 1 Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 | 1996 | 2 | 28 | 17 | 32 | 1 Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 | 1996 | 2 | 29 | 17 | 32 | 1 Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 | 1996 | 3 | 1 | 17 | 32 | 1 Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 | 1996 | 12 | 30 | 17 | 32 | 1 Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 | 1996 | 12 | 31 | 17 | 32 | 1 Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 1 | 1 | 17 | 32 | 1 Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 2 | 28 | 17 | 32 | 1 Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 3 | 1 | 17 | 32 | 1 Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 12 | 30 | 17 | 32 | 1 Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 12 | 31 | 17 | 32 | 1 Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 | 1999 | 12 | 31 | 17 | 32 | 1 Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 | 2000 | 1 | 1 | 17 | 32 | 1 Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 | 2000 | 12 | 31 | 17 | 32 | 1 Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 | 2001 | 1 | 1 | 17 | 32 | 1 (65 rows) SELECT d1 as "timestamp", date_part( 'quarter', d1) AS quarter, date_part( 'msec', d1) AS msec, date_part( 'usec', d1) AS usec FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL; timestamp | quarter | msec | usec -----------------------------+---------+-------+---------- -infinity | | | infinity | | | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 | 1 | 0 | 0 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997 | 1 | 2000 | 2000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 | 1 | 1400 | 1400000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 | 1 | 1500 | 1500000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 | 1 | 1600 | 1600000 Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997 | 1 | 0 | 0 Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997 | 1 | 5000 | 5000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997 | 2 | 1000 | 1000000 Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 | 3 | 20000 | 20000000 Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 | 1 | 2000 | 2000000 Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 | 1 | 3000 | 3000000 Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 | 1 | 4000 | 4000000 Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 | 1 | 5000 | 5000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997 | 1 | 0 | 0 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997 | 2 | 1000 | 1000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 | 4 | 1000 | 1000000 Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 | 4 | 1000 | 1000000 Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997 | 4 | 1000 | 1000000 Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997 | 4 | 1000 | 1000000 Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 | 4 | 1000 | 1000000 Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 | 4 | 1000 | 1000000 Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 | 1 | 1000 | 1000000 (65 rows) SELECT d1 as "timestamp", date_part( 'isoyear', d1) AS isoyear, date_part( 'week', d1) AS week, date_part( 'isodow', d1) AS isodow, date_part( 'dow', d1) AS dow, date_part( 'doy', d1) AS doy FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL; timestamp | isoyear | week | isodow | dow | doy -----------------------------+-----------+------+--------+-----+----- -infinity | -Infinity | | | | infinity | Infinity | | | | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 | 1970 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 1 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997 | 1997 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997 | 1997 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 24 | 2 | 2 | 161 Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 | 2001 | 38 | 6 | 6 | 265 Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 | 2000 | 11 | 3 | 3 | 75 Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 | 2000 | 11 | 3 | 3 | 75 Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 | 2000 | 11 | 3 | 3 | 75 Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 | 2000 | 11 | 3 | 3 | 75 Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 | 2000 | 11 | 3 | 3 | 75 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 24 | 2 | 2 | 161 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 42 Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 43 Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 44 Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 45 Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 46 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 47 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC | -97 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 47 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 | 97 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 47 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597 | 597 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 47 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097 | 1097 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 47 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697 | 1697 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 47 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797 | 1797 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 47 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897 | 1897 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 47 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 47 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097 | 2097 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 47 Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 | 1996 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 59 Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 | 1996 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 60 Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 | 1996 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 61 Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 | 1997 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 365 Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 | 1997 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 366 Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 59 Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997 | 1997 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 60 Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997 | 1998 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 364 Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997 | 1998 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 365 Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 | 1999 | 52 | 5 | 5 | 365 Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 | 1999 | 52 | 6 | 6 | 1 Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 | 2000 | 52 | 7 | 0 | 366 Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 | 2001 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 (65 rows) SELECT d1 as "timestamp", date_part( 'decade', d1) AS decade, date_part( 'century', d1) AS century, date_part( 'millennium', d1) AS millennium, round(date_part( 'julian', d1)) AS julian, date_part( 'epoch', d1) AS epoch FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL; timestamp | decade | century | millennium | julian | epoch -----------------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+-------------- -infinity | -Infinity | -Infinity | -Infinity | -Infinity | -Infinity infinity | Infinity | Infinity | Infinity | Infinity | Infinity Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 | 197 | 20 | 2 | 2440588 | 0 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595921 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595921 Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595922 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595921.4 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595921.5 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595921.6 Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450451 | 852163200 Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450451 | 852174245 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595921 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595921 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595921 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595921 Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450611 | 865963921 Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 | 200 | 21 | 3 | 2452176 | 1001182760 Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 | 200 | 20 | 2 | 2451619 | 953108041 Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 | 200 | 20 | 2 | 2451620 | 953126042 Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 | 200 | 20 | 2 | 2451620 | 953122443 Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 | 200 | 20 | 2 | 2451619 | 953090044 Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 | 200 | 20 | 2 | 2451619 | 953086445 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595921 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595921 Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595920 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595921 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595921 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595921 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595921 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595921 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595921 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595921 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595921 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595921 Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450611 | 865967521 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450491 | 855595921 Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450492 | 855682321 Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450493 | 855768721 Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450494 | 855855121 Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450495 | 855941521 Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450496 | 856027921 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450497 | 856114321 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC | -10 | -1 | -1 | 1686043 | -65192711279 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1756537 | -59102029679 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597 | 59 | 6 | 1 | 1939158 | -43323575279 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097 | 109 | 11 | 2 | 2121779 | -27545120879 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697 | 169 | 17 | 2 | 2340925 | -8610906479 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797 | 179 | 18 | 2 | 2377449 | -5455232879 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897 | 189 | 19 | 2 | 2413973 | -2299559279 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450497 | 856114321 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097 | 209 | 21 | 3 | 2487022 | 4011874321 Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450143 | 825528721 Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450144 | 825615121 Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450145 | 825701521 Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450449 | 851967121 Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450450 | 852053521 Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450451 | 852139921 Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450509 | 857151121 Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450510 | 857237521 Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450814 | 883503121 Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2450815 | 883589521 Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 | 199 | 20 | 2 | 2451545 | 946661521 Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 | 200 | 20 | 2 | 2451546 | 946747921 Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 | 200 | 20 | 2 | 2451911 | 978283921 Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 | 200 | 21 | 3 | 2451912 | 978370321 (65 rows) -- extract implementation is mostly the same as date_part, so only -- test a few cases for additional coverage. SELECT d1 as "timestamp", extract(microseconds from d1) AS microseconds, extract(milliseconds from d1) AS milliseconds, extract(seconds from d1) AS seconds, round(extract(julian from d1)) AS julian, extract(epoch from d1) AS epoch FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL; timestamp | microseconds | milliseconds | seconds | julian | epoch -----------------------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+-----------+--------------------- -infinity | | | | -Infinity | -Infinity infinity | | | | Infinity | Infinity Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 | 0 | 0.000 | 0.000000 | 2440588 | 0.000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450491 | 855595921.000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450491 | 855595921.000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997 | 2000000 | 2000.000 | 2.000000 | 2450491 | 855595922.000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 | 1400000 | 1400.000 | 1.400000 | 2450491 | 855595921.400000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 | 1500000 | 1500.000 | 1.500000 | 2450491 | 855595921.500000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 | 1600000 | 1600.000 | 1.600000 | 2450491 | 855595921.600000 Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997 | 0 | 0.000 | 0.000000 | 2450451 | 852163200.000000 Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997 | 5000000 | 5000.000 | 5.000000 | 2450451 | 852174245.000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450491 | 855595921.000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450491 | 855595921.000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450491 | 855595921.000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450491 | 855595921.000000 Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450611 | 865963921.000000 Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 | 20000000 | 20000.000 | 20.000000 | 2452176 | 1001182760.000000 Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2451619 | 953108041.000000 Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 | 2000000 | 2000.000 | 2.000000 | 2451620 | 953126042.000000 Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 | 3000000 | 3000.000 | 3.000000 | 2451620 | 953122443.000000 Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 | 4000000 | 4000.000 | 4.000000 | 2451619 | 953090044.000000 Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 | 5000000 | 5000.000 | 5.000000 | 2451619 | 953086445.000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450491 | 855595921.000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450491 | 855595921.000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997 | 0 | 0.000 | 0.000000 | 2450491 | 855595920.000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450491 | 855595921.000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450491 | 855595921.000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450491 | 855595921.000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450491 | 855595921.000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450491 | 855595921.000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450491 | 855595921.000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450491 | 855595921.000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450491 | 855595921.000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450491 | 855595921.000000 Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450611 | 865967521.000000 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450491 | 855595921.000000 Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450492 | 855682321.000000 Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450493 | 855768721.000000 Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450494 | 855855121.000000 Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450495 | 855941521.000000 Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450496 | 856027921.000000 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450497 | 856114321.000000 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 1686043 | -65192711279.000000 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 1756537 | -59102029679.000000 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 1939158 | -43323575279.000000 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2121779 | -27545120879.000000 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2340925 | -8610906479.000000 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2377449 | -5455232879.000000 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2413973 | -2299559279.000000 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450497 | 856114321.000000 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2487022 | 4011874321.000000 Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450143 | 825528721.000000 Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450144 | 825615121.000000 Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450145 | 825701521.000000 Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450449 | 851967121.000000 Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450450 | 852053521.000000 Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450451 | 852139921.000000 Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450509 | 857151121.000000 Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450510 | 857237521.000000 Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450814 | 883503121.000000 Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2450815 | 883589521.000000 Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2451545 | 946661521.000000 Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2451546 | 946747921.000000 Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2451911 | 978283921.000000 Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 | 1000000 | 1000.000 | 1.000000 | 2451912 | 978370321.000000 (65 rows) -- value near upper bound uses special case in code SELECT date_part('epoch', '294270-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp); date_part --------------- 9224097091200 (1 row) SELECT extract(epoch from '294270-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp); extract ---------------------- 9224097091200.000000 (1 row) -- another internal overflow test case SELECT extract(epoch from '5000-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp); extract -------------------- 95617584000.000000 (1 row) -- test edge-case overflow in timestamp subtraction SELECT timestamp '294276-12-31 23:59:59' - timestamp '1999-12-23 19:59:04.224193' AS ok; ok ----------------------------------------- @ 106751991 days 4 hours 54.775807 secs (1 row) SELECT timestamp '294276-12-31 23:59:59' - timestamp '1999-12-23 19:59:04.224192' AS overflows; ERROR: interval out of range -- TO_CHAR() SELECT to_char(d1, 'DAY Day day DY Dy dy MONTH Month month RM MON Mon mon') FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL; to_char ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ THURSDAY Thursday thursday THU Thu thu JANUARY January january I JAN Jan jan MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb THURSDAY Thursday thursday THU Thu thu JANUARY January january I JAN Jan jan THURSDAY Thursday thursday THU Thu thu JANUARY January january I JAN Jan jan MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday TUE Tue tue JUNE June june VI JUN Jun jun SATURDAY Saturday saturday SAT Sat sat SEPTEMBER September september IX SEP Sep sep WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed MARCH March march III MAR Mar mar WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed MARCH March march III MAR Mar mar WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed MARCH March march III MAR Mar mar WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed MARCH March march III MAR Mar mar WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed MARCH March march III MAR Mar mar MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday TUE Tue tue JUNE June june VI JUN Jun jun MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday TUE Tue tue FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb THURSDAY Thursday thursday THU Thu thu FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb FRIDAY Friday friday FRI Fri fri FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb SATURDAY Saturday saturday SAT Sat sat FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb SUNDAY Sunday sunday SUN Sun sun FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday TUE Tue tue FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb SATURDAY Saturday saturday SAT Sat sat FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb THURSDAY Thursday thursday THU Thu thu FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday TUE Tue tue FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb SATURDAY Saturday saturday SAT Sat sat FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb THURSDAY Thursday thursday THU Thu thu FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday TUE Tue tue FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb SUNDAY Sunday sunday SUN Sun sun FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb SATURDAY Saturday saturday SAT Sat sat FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb THURSDAY Thursday thursday THU Thu thu FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb FRIDAY Friday friday FRI Fri fri MARCH March march III MAR Mar mar MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon DECEMBER December december XII DEC Dec dec TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday TUE Tue tue DECEMBER December december XII DEC Dec dec WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed JANUARY January january I JAN Jan jan FRIDAY Friday friday FRI Fri fri FEBRUARY February february II FEB Feb feb SATURDAY Saturday saturday SAT Sat sat MARCH March march III MAR Mar mar TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday TUE Tue tue DECEMBER December december XII DEC Dec dec WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed DECEMBER December december XII DEC Dec dec FRIDAY Friday friday FRI Fri fri DECEMBER December december XII DEC Dec dec SATURDAY Saturday saturday SAT Sat sat JANUARY January january I JAN Jan jan SUNDAY Sunday sunday SUN Sun sun DECEMBER December december XII DEC Dec dec MONDAY Monday monday MON Mon mon JANUARY January january I JAN Jan jan (65 rows) SELECT to_char(d1, 'FMDAY FMDay FMday FMMONTH FMMonth FMmonth FMRM') FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL; to_char -------------------------------------------------------------- THURSDAY Thursday thursday JANUARY January january I MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II THURSDAY Thursday thursday JANUARY January january I THURSDAY Thursday thursday JANUARY January january I MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday JUNE June june VI SATURDAY Saturday saturday SEPTEMBER September september IX WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday MARCH March march III WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday MARCH March march III WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday MARCH March march III WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday MARCH March march III WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday MARCH March march III MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday JUNE June june VI MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday FEBRUARY February february II WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday FEBRUARY February february II THURSDAY Thursday thursday FEBRUARY February february II FRIDAY Friday friday FEBRUARY February february II SATURDAY Saturday saturday FEBRUARY February february II SUNDAY Sunday sunday FEBRUARY February february II TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday FEBRUARY February february II SATURDAY Saturday saturday FEBRUARY February february II THURSDAY Thursday thursday FEBRUARY February february II TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday FEBRUARY February february II SATURDAY Saturday saturday FEBRUARY February february II THURSDAY Thursday thursday FEBRUARY February february II TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday FEBRUARY February february II SUNDAY Sunday sunday FEBRUARY February february II SATURDAY Saturday saturday FEBRUARY February february II WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday FEBRUARY February february II THURSDAY Thursday thursday FEBRUARY February february II FRIDAY Friday friday MARCH March march III MONDAY Monday monday DECEMBER December december XII TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday DECEMBER December december XII WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday JANUARY January january I FRIDAY Friday friday FEBRUARY February february II SATURDAY Saturday saturday MARCH March march III TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday DECEMBER December december XII WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday DECEMBER December december XII FRIDAY Friday friday DECEMBER December december XII SATURDAY Saturday saturday JANUARY January january I SUNDAY Sunday sunday DECEMBER December december XII MONDAY Monday monday JANUARY January january I (65 rows) SELECT to_char(d1, 'Y,YYY YYYY YYY YY Y CC Q MM WW DDD DD D J') FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL; to_char -------------------------------------------------- 1,970 1970 970 70 0 20 1 01 01 001 01 5 2440588 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 01 01 002 02 5 2450451 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 01 01 002 02 5 2450451 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 2 06 23 161 10 3 2450610 2,001 2001 001 01 1 21 3 09 38 265 22 7 2452175 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 03 11 075 15 4 2451619 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 03 11 075 15 4 2451619 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 03 11 075 15 4 2451619 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 03 11 075 15 4 2451619 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 03 11 075 15 4 2451619 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 2 06 23 161 10 3 2450610 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 042 11 3 2450491 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 043 12 4 2450492 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 044 13 5 2450493 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 045 14 6 2450494 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 046 15 7 2450495 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 047 16 1 2450496 0,097 0097 097 97 7 -01 1 02 07 047 16 3 1686042 0,097 0097 097 97 7 01 1 02 07 047 16 7 1756536 0,597 0597 597 97 7 06 1 02 07 047 16 5 1939157 1,097 1097 097 97 7 11 1 02 07 047 16 3 2121778 1,697 1697 697 97 7 17 1 02 07 047 16 7 2340924 1,797 1797 797 97 7 18 1 02 07 047 16 5 2377448 1,897 1897 897 97 7 19 1 02 07 047 16 3 2413972 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 047 16 1 2450496 2,097 2097 097 97 7 21 1 02 07 047 16 7 2487021 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 02 09 059 28 4 2450142 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 02 09 060 29 5 2450143 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 03 09 061 01 6 2450144 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 4 12 53 365 30 2 2450448 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 4 12 53 366 31 3 2450449 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 01 01 001 01 4 2450450 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 09 059 28 6 2450508 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 03 09 060 01 7 2450509 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 4 12 52 364 30 3 2450813 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 4 12 53 365 31 4 2450814 1,999 1999 999 99 9 20 4 12 53 365 31 6 2451544 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 01 01 001 01 7 2451545 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 4 12 53 366 31 1 2451910 2,001 2001 001 01 1 21 1 01 01 001 01 2 2451911 (65 rows) SELECT to_char(d1, 'FMY,YYY FMYYYY FMYYY FMYY FMY FMCC FMQ FMMM FMWW FMDDD FMDD FMD FMJ') FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL; to_char ------------------------------------------------- 1,970 1970 970 70 0 20 1 1 1 1 1 5 2440588 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 1 1 2 2 5 2450451 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 1 1 2 2 5 2450451 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 2 6 23 161 10 3 2450610 2,001 2001 1 1 1 21 3 9 38 265 22 7 2452175 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 3 11 75 15 4 2451619 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 3 11 75 15 4 2451619 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 3 11 75 15 4 2451619 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 3 11 75 15 4 2451619 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 3 11 75 15 4 2451619 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 2 6 23 161 10 3 2450610 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 42 11 3 2450491 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 43 12 4 2450492 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 44 13 5 2450493 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 45 14 6 2450494 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 46 15 7 2450495 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 47 16 1 2450496 0,097 97 97 97 7 -1 1 2 7 47 16 3 1686042 0,097 97 97 97 7 1 1 2 7 47 16 7 1756536 0,597 597 597 97 7 6 1 2 7 47 16 5 1939157 1,097 1097 97 97 7 11 1 2 7 47 16 3 2121778 1,697 1697 697 97 7 17 1 2 7 47 16 7 2340924 1,797 1797 797 97 7 18 1 2 7 47 16 5 2377448 1,897 1897 897 97 7 19 1 2 7 47 16 3 2413972 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 47 16 1 2450496 2,097 2097 97 97 7 21 1 2 7 47 16 7 2487021 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 2 9 59 28 4 2450142 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 2 9 60 29 5 2450143 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 3 9 61 1 6 2450144 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 4 12 53 365 30 2 2450448 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 4 12 53 366 31 3 2450449 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 1 1 1 1 4 2450450 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 9 59 28 6 2450508 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 3 9 60 1 7 2450509 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 4 12 52 364 30 3 2450813 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 4 12 53 365 31 4 2450814 1,999 1999 999 99 9 20 4 12 53 365 31 6 2451544 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 1 1 1 1 7 2451545 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 4 12 53 366 31 1 2451910 2,001 2001 1 1 1 21 1 1 1 1 1 2 2451911 (65 rows) SELECT to_char(d1, 'HH HH12 HH24 MI SS SSSS') FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL; to_char ---------------------- 12 12 00 00 00 0 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 02 63122 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 12 12 00 00 00 0 03 03 03 04 05 11045 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 06 06 18 19 20 65960 08 08 08 14 01 29641 01 01 13 14 02 47642 12 12 12 14 03 44043 03 03 03 14 04 11644 02 02 02 14 05 8045 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 00 63120 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 06 06 18 32 01 66721 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 05 05 17 32 01 63121 (65 rows) SELECT to_char(d1, E'"HH:MI:SS is" HH:MI:SS "\\"text between quote marks\\""') FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL; to_char ------------------------------------------------- HH:MI:SS is 12:00:00 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:02 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 12:00:00 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 03:04:05 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 06:19:20 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 08:14:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 01:14:02 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 12:14:03 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 03:14:04 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 02:14:05 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:00 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 06:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks" (65 rows) SELECT to_char(d1, 'HH24--text--MI--text--SS') FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL; to_char ------------------------ 00--text--00--text--00 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--02 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 00--text--00--text--00 03--text--04--text--05 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 18--text--19--text--20 08--text--14--text--01 13--text--14--text--02 12--text--14--text--03 03--text--14--text--04 02--text--14--text--05 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--00 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 18--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 17--text--32--text--01 (65 rows) SELECT to_char(d1, 'YYYYTH YYYYth Jth') FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL; to_char ------------------------- 1970TH 1970th 2440588th 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450451st 1997TH 1997th 2450451st 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450610th 2001ST 2001st 2452175th 2000TH 2000th 2451619th 2000TH 2000th 2451619th 2000TH 2000th 2451619th 2000TH 2000th 2451619th 2000TH 2000th 2451619th 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450610th 1997TH 1997th 2450490th 1997TH 1997th 2450491st 1997TH 1997th 2450492nd 1997TH 1997th 2450493rd 1997TH 1997th 2450494th 1997TH 1997th 2450495th 1997TH 1997th 2450496th 0097TH 0097th 1686042nd 0097TH 0097th 1756536th 0597TH 0597th 1939157th 1097TH 1097th 2121778th 1697TH 1697th 2340924th 1797TH 1797th 2377448th 1897TH 1897th 2413972nd 1997TH 1997th 2450496th 2097TH 2097th 2487021st 1996TH 1996th 2450142nd 1996TH 1996th 2450143rd 1996TH 1996th 2450144th 1996TH 1996th 2450448th 1996TH 1996th 2450449th 1997TH 1997th 2450450th 1997TH 1997th 2450508th 1997TH 1997th 2450509th 1997TH 1997th 2450813th 1997TH 1997th 2450814th 1999TH 1999th 2451544th 2000TH 2000th 2451545th 2000TH 2000th 2451910th 2001ST 2001st 2451911th (65 rows) SELECT to_char(d1, 'YYYY A.D. YYYY a.d. YYYY bc HH:MI:SS P.M. HH:MI:SS p.m. HH:MI:SS pm') FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL; to_char --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1970 A.D. 1970 a.d. 1970 ad 12:00:00 A.M. 12:00:00 a.m. 12:00:00 am 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:02 P.M. 05:32:02 p.m. 05:32:02 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 12:00:00 A.M. 12:00:00 a.m. 12:00:00 am 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 03:04:05 A.M. 03:04:05 a.m. 03:04:05 am 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 2001 A.D. 2001 a.d. 2001 ad 06:19:20 P.M. 06:19:20 p.m. 06:19:20 pm 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 08:14:01 A.M. 08:14:01 a.m. 08:14:01 am 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 01:14:02 P.M. 01:14:02 p.m. 01:14:02 pm 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 12:14:03 P.M. 12:14:03 p.m. 12:14:03 pm 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 03:14:04 A.M. 03:14:04 a.m. 03:14:04 am 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 02:14:05 A.M. 02:14:05 a.m. 02:14:05 am 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:00 P.M. 05:32:00 p.m. 05:32:00 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 06:32:01 P.M. 06:32:01 p.m. 06:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 0097 B.C. 0097 b.c. 0097 bc 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 0097 A.D. 0097 a.d. 0097 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 0597 A.D. 0597 a.d. 0597 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1097 A.D. 1097 a.d. 1097 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1697 A.D. 1697 a.d. 1697 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1797 A.D. 1797 a.d. 1797 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1897 A.D. 1897 a.d. 1897 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 2097 A.D. 2097 a.d. 2097 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1996 A.D. 1996 a.d. 1996 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1996 A.D. 1996 a.d. 1996 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1996 A.D. 1996 a.d. 1996 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1996 A.D. 1996 a.d. 1996 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1996 A.D. 1996 a.d. 1996 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 1999 A.D. 1999 a.d. 1999 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm 2001 A.D. 2001 a.d. 2001 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm (65 rows) SELECT to_char(d1, 'IYYY IYY IY I IW IDDD ID') FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL; to_char ------------------------ 1970 970 70 0 01 004 4 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 01 004 4 1997 997 97 7 01 004 4 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 24 163 2 2001 001 01 1 38 265 6 2000 000 00 0 11 073 3 2000 000 00 0 11 073 3 2000 000 00 0 11 073 3 2000 000 00 0 11 073 3 2000 000 00 0 11 073 3 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 24 163 2 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1 1997 997 97 7 07 044 2 1997 997 97 7 07 045 3 1997 997 97 7 07 046 4 1997 997 97 7 07 047 5 1997 997 97 7 07 048 6 1997 997 97 7 07 049 7 0097 097 97 7 07 044 2 0097 097 97 7 07 048 6 0597 597 97 7 07 046 4 1097 097 97 7 07 044 2 1697 697 97 7 07 048 6 1797 797 97 7 07 046 4 1897 897 97 7 07 044 2 1997 997 97 7 07 049 7 2097 097 97 7 07 048 6 1996 996 96 6 09 059 3 1996 996 96 6 09 060 4 1996 996 96 6 09 061 5 1997 997 97 7 01 001 1 1997 997 97 7 01 002 2 1997 997 97 7 01 003 3 1997 997 97 7 09 061 5 1997 997 97 7 09 062 6 1998 998 98 8 01 002 2 1998 998 98 8 01 003 3 1999 999 99 9 52 362 5 1999 999 99 9 52 363 6 2000 000 00 0 52 364 7 2001 001 01 1 01 001 1 (65 rows) SELECT to_char(d1, 'FMIYYY FMIYY FMIY FMI FMIW FMIDDD FMID') FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL; to_char ------------------------ 1970 970 70 0 1 4 4 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 1 4 4 1997 997 97 7 1 4 4 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 24 163 2 2001 1 1 1 38 265 6 2000 0 0 0 11 73 3 2000 0 0 0 11 73 3 2000 0 0 0 11 73 3 2000 0 0 0 11 73 3 2000 0 0 0 11 73 3 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 24 163 2 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1 1997 997 97 7 7 44 2 1997 997 97 7 7 45 3 1997 997 97 7 7 46 4 1997 997 97 7 7 47 5 1997 997 97 7 7 48 6 1997 997 97 7 7 49 7 97 97 97 7 7 44 2 97 97 97 7 7 48 6 597 597 97 7 7 46 4 1097 97 97 7 7 44 2 1697 697 97 7 7 48 6 1797 797 97 7 7 46 4 1897 897 97 7 7 44 2 1997 997 97 7 7 49 7 2097 97 97 7 7 48 6 1996 996 96 6 9 59 3 1996 996 96 6 9 60 4 1996 996 96 6 9 61 5 1997 997 97 7 1 1 1 1997 997 97 7 1 2 2 1997 997 97 7 1 3 3 1997 997 97 7 9 61 5 1997 997 97 7 9 62 6 1998 998 98 8 1 2 2 1998 998 98 8 1 3 3 1999 999 99 9 52 362 5 1999 999 99 9 52 363 6 2000 0 0 0 52 364 7 2001 1 1 1 1 1 1 (65 rows) SELECT to_char(d, 'FF1 FF2 FF3 FF4 FF5 FF6 ff1 ff2 ff3 ff4 ff5 ff6 MS US') FROM (VALUES ('2018-11-02 12:34:56'::timestamp), ('2018-11-02 12:34:56.78'), ('2018-11-02 12:34:56.78901'), ('2018-11-02 12:34:56.78901234') ) d(d); to_char -------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 00 000 0000 00000 000000 0 00 000 0000 00000 000000 000 000000 7 78 780 7800 78000 780000 7 78 780 7800 78000 780000 780 780000 7 78 789 7890 78901 789010 7 78 789 7890 78901 789010 789 789010 7 78 789 7890 78901 789012 7 78 789 7890 78901 789012 789 789012 (4 rows) -- Roman months, with upper and lower case. SELECT i, to_char(i * interval '1mon', 'rm'), to_char(i * interval '1mon', 'RM') FROM generate_series(-13, 13) i; i | to_char | to_char -----+---------+--------- -13 | xii | XII -12 | i | I -11 | ii | II -10 | iii | III -9 | iv | IV -8 | v | V -7 | vi | VI -6 | vii | VII -5 | viii | VIII -4 | ix | IX -3 | x | X -2 | xi | XI -1 | xii | XII 0 | | 1 | i | I 2 | ii | II 3 | iii | III 4 | iv | IV 5 | v | V 6 | vi | VI 7 | vii | VII 8 | viii | VIII 9 | ix | IX 10 | x | X 11 | xi | XI 12 | xii | XII 13 | i | I (27 rows) -- timestamp numeric fields constructor SELECT make_timestamp(2014, 12, 28, 6, 30, 45.887); make_timestamp ------------------------------ Sun Dec 28 06:30:45.887 2014 (1 row) SELECT make_timestamp(-44, 3, 15, 12, 30, 15); make_timestamp ----------------------------- Fri Mar 15 12:30:15 0044 BC (1 row) -- should fail select make_timestamp(0, 7, 15, 12, 30, 15); ERROR: date field value out of range: 0-07-15 -- generate_series for timestamp select * from generate_series('2020-01-01 00:00'::timestamp, '2020-01-02 03:00'::timestamp, '1 hour'::interval); generate_series -------------------------- Wed Jan 01 00:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 01:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 02:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 03:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 04:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 05:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 06:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 07:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 08:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 09:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 10:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 11:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 12:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 13:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 14:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 15:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 16:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 17:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 18:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 19:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 20:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 21:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 22:00:00 2020 Wed Jan 01 23:00:00 2020 Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2020 Thu Jan 02 01:00:00 2020 Thu Jan 02 02:00:00 2020 Thu Jan 02 03:00:00 2020 (28 rows) -- the LIMIT should allow this to terminate in a reasonable amount of time -- (but that unfortunately doesn't work yet for SELECT * FROM ...) select generate_series('2022-01-01 00:00'::timestamp, 'infinity'::timestamp, '1 month'::interval) limit 10; generate_series -------------------------- Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 2022 Tue Feb 01 00:00:00 2022 Tue Mar 01 00:00:00 2022 Fri Apr 01 00:00:00 2022 Sun May 01 00:00:00 2022 Wed Jun 01 00:00:00 2022 Fri Jul 01 00:00:00 2022 Mon Aug 01 00:00:00 2022 Thu Sep 01 00:00:00 2022 Sat Oct 01 00:00:00 2022 (10 rows) -- errors select * from generate_series('2020-01-01 00:00'::timestamp, '2020-01-02 03:00'::timestamp, '0 hour'::interval); ERROR: step size cannot equal zero select generate_series(timestamp '1995-08-06 12:12:12', timestamp '1996-08-06 12:12:12', interval 'infinity'); ERROR: step size cannot be infinite select generate_series(timestamp '1995-08-06 12:12:12', timestamp '1996-08-06 12:12:12', interval '-infinity'); ERROR: step size cannot be infinite -- test arithmetic with infinite timestamps select timestamp 'infinity' - timestamp 'infinity'; ERROR: interval out of range select timestamp 'infinity' - timestamp '-infinity'; ?column? ---------- infinity (1 row) select timestamp '-infinity' - timestamp 'infinity'; ?column? ----------- -infinity (1 row) select timestamp '-infinity' - timestamp '-infinity'; ERROR: interval out of range select timestamp 'infinity' - timestamp '1995-08-06 12:12:12'; ?column? ---------- infinity (1 row) select timestamp '-infinity' - timestamp '1995-08-06 12:12:12'; ?column? ----------- -infinity (1 row) -- test age() with infinite timestamps select age(timestamp 'infinity'); age ----------- -infinity (1 row) select age(timestamp '-infinity'); age ---------- infinity (1 row) select age(timestamp 'infinity', timestamp 'infinity'); ERROR: interval out of range select age(timestamp 'infinity', timestamp '-infinity'); age ---------- infinity (1 row) select age(timestamp '-infinity', timestamp 'infinity'); age ----------- -infinity (1 row) select age(timestamp '-infinity', timestamp '-infinity'); ERROR: interval out of range -- test timestamp near POSTGRES_EPOCH_JDATE select timestamp '1999-12-31 24:00:00'; timestamp -------------------------- Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 2000 (1 row) select make_timestamp(1999, 12, 31, 24, 0, 0); make_timestamp -------------------------- Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 2000 (1 row)