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doc/src/sgml/uuid-ossp.sgml
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Daniel Gustafsson
Doc: Update ulinks to RFC documents to avoid redirect
10 апр 2024, 14:53
10 апр 2024, 14:5352b49b7
<!-- doc/src/sgml/uuid-ossp.sgml -->

<sect1 id="uuid-ossp" xreflabel="uuid-ossp">
 <title>uuid-ossp &mdash; a UUID generator</title>

 <indexterm zone="uuid-ossp">
  <primary>uuid-ossp</primary>
 </indexterm>

 <para>
  The <filename>uuid-ossp</filename> module provides functions to generate universally
  unique identifiers (UUIDs) using one of several standard algorithms.  There
  are also functions to produce certain special UUID constants.
  This module is only necessary for special requirements beyond what is
  available in core <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.  See <xref
  linkend="functions-uuid"/> for built-in ways to generate UUIDs.
 </para>

 <para>
  This module is considered <quote>trusted</quote>, that is, it can be
  installed by non-superusers who have <literal>CREATE</literal> privilege
  on the current database.
 </para>

 <sect2 id="uuid-ossp-functions-sect">
  <title><literal>uuid-ossp</literal> Functions</title>

  <para>
   <xref linkend="uuid-ossp-functions"/> shows the functions available to
   generate UUIDs.
   The relevant standards ITU-T Rec. X.667, ISO/IEC 9834-8:2005, and
   <ulink url="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4122">RFC 4122</ulink>
   specify four algorithms for generating UUIDs, identified by the
   version numbers 1, 3, 4, and 5.  (There is no version 2 algorithm.)
   Each of these algorithms could be suitable for a different set of
   applications.
  </para>

  <table id="uuid-ossp-functions">
   <title>Functions for UUID Generation</title>
    <tgroup cols="1">
     <thead>
      <row>
       <entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
        Function
       </para>
       <para>
        Description
       </para></entry>
      </row>
     </thead>

     <tbody>
      <row>
       <entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
        <indexterm><primary>uuid_generate_v1</primary></indexterm>
        <function>uuid_generate_v1</function> ()
        <returnvalue>uuid</returnvalue>
       </para>
       <para>
        Generates a version 1 UUID.  This involves the MAC
        address of the computer and a time stamp.  Note that UUIDs of this
        kind reveal the identity of the computer that created the identifier
        and the time at which it did so, which might make it unsuitable for
        certain security-sensitive applications.
       </para></entry>
      </row>

      <row>
       <entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
        <indexterm><primary>uuid_generate_v1mc</primary></indexterm>
        <function>uuid_generate_v1mc</function> ()
        <returnvalue>uuid</returnvalue>
       </para>
       <para>
        Generates a version 1 UUID, but uses a random multicast
        MAC address instead of the real MAC address of the computer.
       </para></entry>
      </row>

      <row>
       <entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
        <indexterm><primary>uuid_generate_v3</primary></indexterm>
        <function>uuid_generate_v3</function> ( <parameter>namespace</parameter> <type>uuid</type>, <parameter>name</parameter> <type>text</type> )
        <returnvalue>uuid</returnvalue>
       </para>
       <para>
        Generates a version 3 UUID in the given namespace using
        the specified input name.  The namespace should be one of the special
        constants produced by the <function>uuid_ns_*()</function> functions
        shown in <xref linkend="uuid-ossp-constants"/>.  (It could be any UUID
        in theory.)  The name is an identifier in the selected namespace.
       </para>
       <para>
        For example:

<programlisting>
SELECT uuid_generate_v3(uuid_ns_url(), 'http://www.postgresql.org');
</programlisting>

        The name parameter will be MD5-hashed, so the cleartext cannot be
        derived from the generated UUID.
        The generation of UUIDs by this method has no random or
        environment-dependent element and is therefore reproducible.
       </para></entry>
      </row>

      <row>
       <entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
        <function>uuid_generate_v4</function> ()
        <returnvalue>uuid</returnvalue>
       </para>
       <para>
        Generates a version 4 UUID, which is derived entirely
        from random numbers.
       </para></entry>
      </row>

      <row>
       <entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
        <function>uuid_generate_v5</function> ( <parameter>namespace</parameter> <type>uuid</type>, <parameter>name</parameter> <type>text</type> )
        <returnvalue>uuid</returnvalue>
       </para>
       <para>
        Generates a version 5 UUID, which works like a version 3
        UUID except that SHA-1 is used as a hashing method.  Version 5 should
        be preferred over version 3 because SHA-1 is thought to be more secure
        than MD5.
       </para></entry>
      </row>
     </tbody>
    </tgroup>
  </table>

  <table id="uuid-ossp-constants">
   <title>Functions Returning UUID Constants</title>
    <tgroup cols="1">
     <thead>
      <row>
       <entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
        Function
       </para>
       <para>
        Description
       </para></entry>
      </row>
     </thead>

     <tbody>
      <row>
       <entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
        <function>uuid_nil</function> ()
        <returnvalue>uuid</returnvalue>
       </para>
       <para>
        Returns a <quote>nil</quote> UUID constant, which does not occur as a
        real UUID.
       </para></entry>
      </row>

      <row>
       <entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
        <function>uuid_ns_dns</function> ()
        <returnvalue>uuid</returnvalue>
       </para>
       <para>
        Returns a constant designating the DNS namespace for UUIDs.
       </para></entry>
      </row>

      <row>
       <entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
        <function>uuid_ns_url</function> ()
        <returnvalue>uuid</returnvalue>
       </para>
       <para>
        Returns a constant designating the URL namespace for UUIDs.
       </para></entry>
      </row>

      <row>
       <entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
        <function>uuid_ns_oid</function> ()
        <returnvalue>uuid</returnvalue>
       </para>
       <para>
        Returns a constant designating the ISO object identifier (OID) namespace for
        UUIDs.  (This pertains to ASN.1 OIDs, which are unrelated to the OIDs
        used in <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.)
       </para></entry>
      </row>

      <row>
       <entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
        <function>uuid_ns_x500</function> ()
        <returnvalue>uuid</returnvalue>
       </para>
       <para>
        Returns a constant designating the X.500 distinguished name (DN)
        namespace for UUIDs.
       </para></entry>
      </row>
     </tbody>
    </tgroup>
  </table>
 </sect2>

 <sect2 id="uuid-ossp-building">
  <title>Building <filename>uuid-ossp</filename></title>

  <para>
   Historically this module depended on the OSSP UUID library, which accounts
   for the module's name.  While the OSSP UUID library can still be found
   at <ulink url="http://www.ossp.org/pkg/lib/uuid/"></ulink>, it is not well
   maintained, and is becoming increasingly difficult to port to newer
   platforms.  <filename>uuid-ossp</filename> can now be built without the OSSP
   library on some platforms.  On FreeBSD and some other BSD-derived
   platforms, suitable UUID creation functions are included in the
   core <filename>libc</filename> library.  On Linux, macOS, and some other
   platforms, suitable functions are provided in the <filename>libuuid</filename>
   library, which originally came from the <literal>e2fsprogs</literal> project
   (though on modern Linux it is considered part
   of <literal>util-linux-ng</literal>).  When invoking <filename>configure</filename>,
   specify <option>--with-uuid=bsd</option> to use the BSD functions,
   or <option>--with-uuid=e2fs</option> to
   use <literal>e2fsprogs</literal>' <filename>libuuid</filename>, or
   <option>--with-uuid=ossp</option> to use the OSSP UUID library.
   More than one of these libraries might be available on a particular
   machine, so <filename>configure</filename> does not automatically choose one.
  </para>
 </sect2>

 <sect2 id="uuid-ossp-author">
  <title>Author</title>

  <para>
   Peter Eisentraut <email>peter_e@gmx.net</email>
  </para>

 </sect2>

</sect1>