doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml - master - githubmirror/postgres

doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
266 строк9 KB
Bruce Momjian
doc: remove added space within synopsis replaceable tags
29 июл 2026, 21:20
29 июл 2026, 21:2007374f7
<!--
doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
PostgreSQL documentation
-->

<refentry id="app-pgchecksums">
 <indexterm zone="app-pgchecksums">
  <primary>pg_checksums</primary>
 </indexterm>

 <refmeta>
  <refentrytitle><application>pg_checksums</application></refentrytitle>
  <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
  <refmiscinfo>Application</refmiscinfo>
 </refmeta>

 <refnamediv>
  <refname>pg_checksums</refname>
  <refpurpose>enable, disable or check data checksums in a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database cluster</refpurpose>
 </refnamediv>

 <refsynopsisdiv>
  <cmdsynopsis>
   <command>pg_checksums</command>
   <arg rep="repeat" choice="opt"><replaceable class="parameter">option</replaceable></arg>
   <arg choice="opt">
    <group choice="opt">
     <arg choice="plain"><option>-D</option></arg>
     <arg choice="plain"><option>--pgdata</option></arg>
    </group>
    <replaceable class="parameter">datadir</replaceable>
   </arg>
  </cmdsynopsis>
 </refsynopsisdiv>

 <refsect1 id="r1-app-pgchecksums-1">
  <title>Description</title>
  <para>
   <application>pg_checksums</application> checks, enables or disables data
   checksums in a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> cluster.  The server
   must be shut down cleanly before running <application>pg_checksums</application>.
   Checksums can also be enabled while the cluster is running using
   <xref linkend="checksums-online-enable-disable"/> processing, see
   <xref linkend="checksums"/> for further details on the different approaches.
   When verifying checksums, the exit
   status is zero if there are no checksum errors, and nonzero if at least one
   checksum failure is detected. When enabling or disabling checksums, the
   exit status is nonzero if the operation failed.
  </para>

  <para>
   When enabling checksums with <application>pg_checksums</application>, if
   checksums were in the process of being enabled using
   <xref linkend="checksums-online-enable-disable"/>  when the cluster was shut
   down, <application>pg_checksums</application> will still process all
   relation files regardless of the progress of online checksum processing.
  </para>

  <para>
   When verifying checksums, every file in the cluster is scanned. When
   enabling checksums, each relation file block with a changed checksum is
   rewritten in-place.
   Disabling checksums only updates the file <filename>pg_control</filename>.
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Options</title>

   <para>
    The following command-line options are available:

    <variablelist>
     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-D <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></option></term>
      <term><option>--pgdata=<replaceable>datadir</replaceable></option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Specifies the directory where the database cluster is stored.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-c</option></term>
      <term><option>--check</option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Checks checksums. This is the default mode if nothing else is
        specified.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-d</option></term>
      <term><option>--disable</option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Disables checksums.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-e</option></term>
      <term><option>--enable</option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Enables checksums.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-f <replaceable>filenode</replaceable></option></term>
      <term><option>--filenode=<replaceable>filenode</replaceable></option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Only validate checksums in the relation with filenode
        <replaceable>filenode</replaceable>.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-N</option></term>
      <term><option>--no-sync</option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        By default, <command>pg_checksums</command> will wait for all files
        to be written safely to disk.  This option causes
        <command>pg_checksums</command> to return without waiting, which is
        faster, but means that a subsequent operating system crash can leave
        the updated data directory corrupt.  Generally, this option is useful
        for testing but should not be used on a production installation.
        This option has no effect when using <literal>--check</literal>.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-P</option></term>
      <term><option>--progress</option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Enable progress reporting. Turning this on will deliver a progress
        report while checking or enabling checksums.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>--sync-method=<replaceable>method</replaceable></option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
        <command>pg_checksums</command> will recursively open and synchronize
        all files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow
        symbolic links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
       </para>
       <para>
        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  See
        <xref linkend="guc-recovery-init-sync-method"/> for information about
        the caveats to be aware of when using <literal>syncfs</literal>.
       </para>
       <para>
        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-v</option></term>
      <term><option>--verbose</option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Enable verbose output. Lists all checked files.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-V</option></term>
       <term><option>--version</option></term>
       <listitem>
       <para>
        Print the <application>pg_checksums</application> version and exit.
       </para>
       </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-?</option></term>
      <term><option>--help</option></term>
       <listitem>
        <para>
         Show help about <application>pg_checksums</application> command line
         arguments, and exit.
        </para>
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
   </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Environment</title>

  <variablelist>
   <varlistentry>
    <term><envar>PGDATA</envar></term>

    <listitem>
     <para>
      Specifies the directory where the database cluster is
      stored; can be overridden using the <option>-D</option> option.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><envar>PG_COLOR</envar></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values
      are <literal>always</literal>, <literal>auto</literal> and
      <literal>never</literal>.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>
  </variablelist>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Notes</title>
  <para>
   Enabling checksums in a large cluster can potentially take a long time.
   During this operation, the cluster or other programs that write to the
   data directory must not be started or else data loss may occur.
  </para>
  <para>
   When using a replication setup with tools which perform direct copies
   of relation file blocks (for example <xref linkend="app-pgrewind"/>),
   enabling or disabling checksums can lead to page corruptions in the
   shape of incorrect checksums if the operation is not done consistently
   across all nodes. When enabling or disabling checksums in a replication
   setup, it is thus recommended to stop all the clusters before switching
   them all consistently. Destroying all standbys, performing the operation
   on the primary and finally recreating the standbys from scratch is also
   safe.
  </para>
  <para>
   If <application>pg_checksums</application> is aborted or killed while
   enabling or disabling checksums, the cluster's data checksum configuration
   remains unchanged, and <application>pg_checksums</application> can be
   re-run to perform the same operation.
  </para>
  <para>
   The target cluster must have the same major version as
   <application>pg_checksums</application>.
  </para>
 </refsect1>
</refentry>