src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/Robot.java - master - githubmirror/panama-vector

src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/Robot.java
1 006 строк41 KB
Sergey Bylokhov
8378153: Robot.getPixelColor() may return stale pixels due to missing Toolkit.sync()
22 фев 2026, 03:12
22 фев 2026, 03:12497dca2
/*
 * Copyright (c) 1999, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

package java.awt;

import java.awt.event.InputEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BaseMultiResolutionImage;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.awt.image.DataBufferInt;
import java.awt.image.DirectColorModel;
import java.awt.image.MultiResolutionImage;
import java.awt.image.Raster;
import java.awt.image.WritableRaster;
import java.awt.peer.RobotPeer;

import sun.awt.ComponentFactory;
import sun.awt.SunToolkit;
import sun.awt.image.SunWritableRaster;
import sun.java2d.SunGraphicsEnvironment;

import static sun.java2d.SunGraphicsEnvironment.toDeviceSpace;
import static sun.java2d.SunGraphicsEnvironment.toDeviceSpaceAbs;

/**
 * This class is used to generate native system input events
 * for the purposes of test automation, self-running demos, and
 * other applications where control of the mouse and keyboard
 * is needed. The primary purpose of Robot is to facilitate
 * automated testing of Java platform implementations.
 * <p>
 * Using the class to generate input events differs from posting
 * events to the AWT event queue or AWT components in that the
 * events are generated in the platform's native input
 * queue. For example, {@code Robot.mouseMove} will actually move
 * the mouse cursor instead of just generating mouse move events.
 *
 * @apiNote When {@code autoWaitForIdle()} is enabled, mouse and key related methods
 * cannot be called on the AWT EDT. This is because when {@code autoWaitForIdle()}
 * is enabled, the mouse and key methods implicitly call {@code waitForIdle()}
 * which will throw {@code IllegalThreadStateException} when called on the AWT EDT.
 * In addition, screen capture operations can be lengthy
 * and {@code delay(long ms)} clearly inserts a delay, so these also
 * should not be called on the EDT. Taken together, this means that as much as possible,
 * methods on this class should not be called on the EDT.
 * <p>
 * Note that some platforms require special privileges or extensions
 * to access low-level input control. If the current platform configuration
 * does not allow input control, an {@code AWTException} will be thrown
 * when trying to construct Robot objects. For example, X-Window systems
 * will throw the exception if the XTEST 2.2 standard extension is not supported
 * (or not enabled) by the X server.
 * <p>
 * Applications that use Robot for purposes other than self-testing should
 * handle these error conditions gracefully.
 * <p>
 * Platforms and desktop environments may impose restrictions or limitations
 * on the access required to implement all functionality in the Robot class.
 * For example:
 * <ul>
 * <li> preventing access to the contents of any part of a desktop
 * or Window on the desktop that is not owned by the running application.</li>
 * <li> treating window decorations as non-owned content.</li>
 * <li> ignoring or limiting specific requests to manipulate windows.</li>
 * <li> ignoring or limiting specific requests for Robot generated (synthesized)
 * events related to keyboard and mouse etc.</li>
 * <li> requiring specific or global permissions to any access to window
 * contents, even application owned content,or to perform even limited
 * synthesizing of events.</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * The Robot API specification requires that approvals for these be granted
 * for full operation.
 * If they are not granted, the API will be degraded as discussed here.
 * Relevant specific API methods may document more specific limitations
 * and requirements.
 * Depending on the policies of the desktop environment,
 * the approvals mentioned above may:
 * <ul>
 * <li>be required every time</li>
 * <li>or persistent for the lifetime of an application,</li>
 * <li>or persistent across multiple user desktop sessions</li>
 * <li>be fine-grained permissions</li>
 * <li>be associated with a specific binary application,
 * or a class of binary applications.</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * When such approvals need to given interactively, it may impede the normal
 * operation of the application until approved, and if approval is denied
 * or not possible, or cannot be made persistent then it will degrade
 * the functionality of this class and in turn any part of the operation
 * of the application which is dependent on it.
 *
 * @author      Robi Khan
 * @since       1.3
 */
public class Robot {
    private static final int MAX_DELAY = 60000;
    private RobotPeer peer;
    private boolean isAutoWaitForIdle = false;
    private int autoDelay = 0;
    private static int LEGAL_BUTTON_MASK = 0;

    private DirectColorModel screenCapCM = null;

    /**
     * Default delay in milliseconds for mouse
     * {@link #glide(int, int, int, int) glide},
     * {@link #type(int) type}, and
     * {@link #click(int) click}.
     */
    public static final int DEFAULT_DELAY = 20;

    /**
     * Default pixel step-length for mouse
     * {@link #glide(int, int, int, int) glide}.
     */
    public static final int DEFAULT_STEP_LENGTH = 2;

    /**
     * Constructs a Robot object in the coordinate system of the primary screen.
     *
     * @throws  AWTException if the platform configuration does not allow
     * low-level input control.  This exception is always thrown when
     * GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless() returns true
     * @see     java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment#isHeadless
     */
    public Robot() throws AWTException {
        checkHeadless();
        init(GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment()
            .getDefaultScreenDevice());
    }

    /**
     * Creates a Robot for the given screen device. Coordinates passed
     * to Robot method calls like mouseMove, getPixelColor and
     * createScreenCapture will be interpreted as being in the same coordinate
     * system as the specified screen. Note that depending on the platform
     * configuration, multiple screens may either:
     * <ul>
     * <li>share the same coordinate system to form a combined virtual screen</li>
     * <li>use different coordinate systems to act as independent screens</li>
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * If screen devices are reconfigured such that the coordinate system is
     * affected, the behavior of existing Robot objects is undefined.
     *
     * @param screen    A screen GraphicsDevice indicating the coordinate
     *                  system the Robot will operate in.
     * @throws  AWTException if the platform configuration does not allow
     * low-level input control.  This exception is always thrown when
     * GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless() returns true.
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException if {@code screen} is not a screen
     *          GraphicsDevice.
     * @see     java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment#isHeadless
     * @see     GraphicsDevice
     */
    public Robot(GraphicsDevice screen) throws AWTException {
        checkHeadless();
        checkIsScreenDevice(screen);
        init(screen);
    }

    private void init(GraphicsDevice screen) throws AWTException {
        Toolkit toolkit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
        if (toolkit instanceof ComponentFactory) {
            peer = ((ComponentFactory)toolkit).createRobot(screen);
        }
        initLegalButtonMask();
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    private static synchronized void initLegalButtonMask() {
        if (LEGAL_BUTTON_MASK != 0) return;

        int tmpMask = 0;
        if (Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled()){
            if (Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit() instanceof SunToolkit) {
                final int buttonsNumber = ((SunToolkit)(Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit())).getNumberOfButtons();
                for (int i = 0; i < buttonsNumber; i++){
                    tmpMask |= InputEvent.getMaskForButton(i+1);
                }
            }
        }
        tmpMask |= InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK|
            InputEvent.BUTTON2_MASK|
            InputEvent.BUTTON3_MASK|
            InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK|
            InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK|
            InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK;
        LEGAL_BUTTON_MASK = tmpMask;
    }

    /**
     * Check for headless state and throw {@code AWTException} if headless.
     */
    private static void checkHeadless() throws AWTException {
        if (GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless()) {
            throw new AWTException("headless environment");
        }
    }

    /* check if the given device is a screen device */
    private static void checkIsScreenDevice(GraphicsDevice device) {
        if (device == null || device.getType() != GraphicsDevice.TYPE_RASTER_SCREEN) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("not a valid screen device");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Moves mouse pointer to given screen coordinates.
     * <p>
     * The mouse pointer may not visually move on some platforms,
     * while the subsequent mousePress and mouseRelease can be
     * delivered to the correct location
     *
     * @param x         X position
     * @param y         Y position
     * @throws  IllegalThreadStateException if called on the AWT event dispatching
     *          thread and {@code isAutoWaitForIdle} would return true
     */
    public synchronized void mouseMove(int x, int y) {
        peer.mouseMove(x, y);
        afterEvent();
    }

    /**
     * Presses one or more mouse buttons.  The mouse buttons should
     * be released using the {@link #mouseRelease(int)} method.
     *
     * @param buttons the Button mask; a combination of one or more
     * mouse button masks.
     * <p>
     * It is allowed to use only a combination of valid values as a {@code buttons} parameter.
     * A valid combination consists of {@code InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK},
     * {@code InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK}, {@code InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK}
     * and values returned by the
     * {@link InputEvent#getMaskForButton(int) InputEvent.getMaskForButton(button)} method.
     *
     * The valid combination also depends on a
     * {@link Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() Toolkit.areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled()} value as follows:
     * <ul>
     * <li> If support for extended mouse buttons is
     * {@link Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() disabled} by Java
     * then it is allowed to use only the following standard button masks:
     * {@code InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK}, {@code InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK},
     * {@code InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK}.
     * <li> If support for extended mouse buttons is
     * {@link Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() enabled} by Java
     * then it is allowed to use the standard button masks
     * and masks for existing extended mouse buttons, if the mouse has more then three buttons.
     * In that way, it is allowed to use the button masks corresponding to the buttons
     * in the range from 1 to {@link java.awt.MouseInfo#getNumberOfButtons() MouseInfo.getNumberOfButtons()}.
     * <br>
     * It is recommended to use the {@link InputEvent#getMaskForButton(int) InputEvent.getMaskForButton(button)}
     * method to obtain the mask for any mouse button by its number.
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * The following standard button masks are also accepted:
     * <ul>
     * <li>{@code InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK}
     * <li>{@code InputEvent.BUTTON2_MASK}
     * <li>{@code InputEvent.BUTTON3_MASK}
     * </ul>
     * However, it is recommended to use {@code InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK},
     * {@code InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK},  {@code InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK} instead.
     * Either extended {@code _DOWN_MASK} or old {@code _MASK} values
     * should be used, but both those models should not be mixed.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the {@code buttons} mask contains the mask for extra mouse button
     *         and support for extended mouse buttons is {@link Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() disabled} by Java
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the {@code buttons} mask contains the mask for extra mouse button
     *         that does not exist on the mouse and support for extended mouse buttons is {@link Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() enabled} by Java
     * @throws  IllegalThreadStateException if called on the AWT event dispatching thread and {@code isAutoWaitForIdle} would return true
     * @see #mouseRelease(int)
     * @see InputEvent#getMaskForButton(int)
     * @see Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled()
     * @see java.awt.MouseInfo#getNumberOfButtons()
     * @see java.awt.event.MouseEvent
     */
    public synchronized void mousePress(int buttons) {
        checkButtonsArgument(buttons);
        peer.mousePress(buttons);
        afterEvent();
    }

    /**
     * Releases one or more mouse buttons.
     *
     * @param buttons the Button mask; a combination of one or more
     * mouse button masks.
     * <p>
     * It is allowed to use only a combination of valid values as a {@code buttons} parameter.
     * A valid combination consists of {@code InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK},
     * {@code InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK}, {@code InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK}
     * and values returned by the
     * {@link InputEvent#getMaskForButton(int) InputEvent.getMaskForButton(button)} method.
     *
     * The valid combination also depends on a
     * {@link Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() Toolkit.areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled()} value as follows:
     * <ul>
     * <li> If the support for extended mouse buttons is
     * {@link Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() disabled} by Java
     * then it is allowed to use only the following standard button masks:
     * {@code InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK}, {@code InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK},
     * {@code InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK}.
     * <li> If the support for extended mouse buttons is
     * {@link Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() enabled} by Java
     * then it is allowed to use the standard button masks
     * and masks for existing extended mouse buttons, if the mouse has more then three buttons.
     * In that way, it is allowed to use the button masks corresponding to the buttons
     * in the range from 1 to {@link java.awt.MouseInfo#getNumberOfButtons() MouseInfo.getNumberOfButtons()}.
     * <br>
     * It is recommended to use the {@link InputEvent#getMaskForButton(int) InputEvent.getMaskForButton(button)}
     * method to obtain the mask for any mouse button by its number.
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * The following standard button masks are also accepted:
     * <ul>
     * <li>{@code InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK}
     * <li>{@code InputEvent.BUTTON2_MASK}
     * <li>{@code InputEvent.BUTTON3_MASK}
     * </ul>
     * However, it is recommended to use {@code InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK},
     * {@code InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK},  {@code InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK} instead.
     * Either extended {@code _DOWN_MASK} or old {@code _MASK} values
     * should be used, but both those models should not be mixed.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the {@code buttons} mask contains the mask for extra mouse button
     *         and support for extended mouse buttons is {@link Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() disabled} by Java
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the {@code buttons} mask contains the mask for extra mouse button
     *         that does not exist on the mouse and support for extended mouse buttons is {@link Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() enabled} by Java
     * @throws  IllegalThreadStateException if called on the AWT event dispatching thread and {@code isAutoWaitForIdle} would return true
     * @see #mousePress(int)
     * @see InputEvent#getMaskForButton(int)
     * @see Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled()
     * @see java.awt.MouseInfo#getNumberOfButtons()
     * @see java.awt.event.MouseEvent
     */
    public synchronized void mouseRelease(int buttons) {
        checkButtonsArgument(buttons);
        peer.mouseRelease(buttons);
        afterEvent();
    }

    private static void checkButtonsArgument(int buttons) {
        if ( (buttons|LEGAL_BUTTON_MASK) != LEGAL_BUTTON_MASK ) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid combination of button flags");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Rotates the scroll wheel on wheel-equipped mice.
     *
     * @param wheelAmt  number of "notches" to move the mouse wheel
     *                  Negative values indicate movement up/away from the user,
     *                  positive values indicate movement down/towards the user.
     * @throws  IllegalThreadStateException if called on the AWT event dispatching
     *          thread and {@code isAutoWaitForIdle} would return true
     *
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public synchronized void mouseWheel(int wheelAmt) {
        peer.mouseWheel(wheelAmt);
        afterEvent();
    }

    /**
     * Presses a given key.  The key should be released using the
     * {@code keyRelease} method.
     * <p>
     * Key codes that have more than one physical key associated with them
     * (e.g. {@code KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT} could mean either the
     * left or right shift key) will map to the left key.
     *
     * @param   keycode Key to press (e.g. {@code KeyEvent.VK_A})
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException if {@code keycode} is not
     *          a valid key
     * @throws  IllegalThreadStateException if called on the AWT event
     *          dispatching thread and {@code isAutoWaitForIdle} would return true
     * @see     #keyRelease(int)
     * @see     java.awt.event.KeyEvent
     */
    public synchronized void keyPress(int keycode) {
        checkKeycodeArgument(keycode);
        peer.keyPress(keycode);
        afterEvent();
    }

    /**
     * Releases a given key.
     * <p>
     * Key codes that have more than one physical key associated with them
     * (e.g. {@code KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT} could mean either the
     * left or right shift key) will map to the left key.
     *
     * @param   keycode Key to release (e.g. {@code KeyEvent.VK_A})
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException if {@code keycode} is not a
     *          valid key
     * @throws  IllegalThreadStateException if called on the AWT event
     *          dispatching thread and {@code isAutoWaitForIdle} would return true
     * @see     #keyPress(int)
     * @see     java.awt.event.KeyEvent
     */
    public synchronized void keyRelease(int keycode) {
        checkKeycodeArgument(keycode);
        peer.keyRelease(keycode);
        afterEvent();
    }

    private static void checkKeycodeArgument(int keycode) {
        // rather than build a big table or switch statement here, we'll
        // just check that the key isn't VK_UNDEFINED and assume that the
        // peer implementations will throw an exception for other bogus
        // values e.g. -1, 999999
        if (keycode == KeyEvent.VK_UNDEFINED) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid key code");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the color of a pixel at the given screen coordinates.
     * <p>
     * If the desktop environment requires that permissions be granted
     * to capture screen content, and the required permissions are not granted,
     * then a {@code SecurityException} may be thrown,
     * or the content of the returned {@code Color} is undefined.
     * </p>
     * @apiNote It is recommended to avoid calling this method on
     * the AWT Event Dispatch Thread since screen capture may be a lengthy
     * operation, particularly if acquiring permissions is needed and involves
     * user interaction.
     *
     * @param   x       X position of pixel
     * @param   y       Y position of pixel
     * @throws  SecurityException if access to the screen is denied
     *          by the desktop environment
     * @return  Color of the pixel
     */
    public synchronized Color getPixelColor(int x, int y) {
        // need to sync the toolkit prior to grabbing the pixels since in some
        // cases rendering to the screen may be delayed
        Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().sync();
        Point point = peer.useAbsoluteCoordinates() ? toDeviceSpaceAbs(x, y)
                                                    : toDeviceSpace(x, y);
        return new Color(peer.getRGBPixel(point.x, point.y));
    }

    /**
     * Creates an image containing pixels read from the screen.
     * <p>
     * If the desktop environment requires that permissions be granted
     * to capture screen content, and the required permissions are not granted,
     * then a {@code SecurityException} may be thrown,
     * or the contents of the returned {@code BufferedImage} are undefined.
     * </p>
     * @apiNote It is recommended to avoid calling this method on
     * the AWT Event Dispatch Thread since screen capture may be a lengthy
     * operation, particularly if acquiring permissions is needed and involves
     * user interaction.
     *
     * @param   screenRect      Rect to capture in screen coordinates
     * @return  The captured image
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException if {@code screenRect} width and height
     *          are not greater than zero
     * @throws  SecurityException if access to the screen is denied
     *          by the desktop environment
     */
    public synchronized BufferedImage createScreenCapture(Rectangle screenRect) {
        return createCompatibleImage(screenRect, false)[0];
    }

    /**
     * Creates an image containing pixels read from the screen.
     * This method can be used in case there is a scaling transform
     * from user space to screen (device) space.
     * Typically this means that the display is a high resolution screen,
     * although strictly it means any case in which there is such a transform.
     * Returns a {@link java.awt.image.MultiResolutionImage}.
     * <p>
     * For a non-scaled display, the {@code MultiResolutionImage}
     * will have one image variant:
     * <ul>
     * <li> Base Image with user specified size.
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * For a high resolution display where there is a scaling transform,
     * the {@code MultiResolutionImage} will have two image variants:
     * <ul>
     * <li> Base Image with user specified size. This is scaled from the screen.
     * <li> Native device resolution image with device size pixels.
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * Example:
     * <pre>{@code
     *      Image nativeResImage;
     *      MultiResolutionImage mrImage = robot.createMultiResolutionScreenCapture(frame.getBounds());
     *      List<Image> resolutionVariants = mrImage.getResolutionVariants();
     *      if (resolutionVariants.size() > 1) {
     *          nativeResImage = resolutionVariants.get(1);
     *      } else {
     *          nativeResImage = resolutionVariants.get(0);
     *      }
     * }</pre>
     *
     * @apiNote It is recommended to avoid calling this method on
     * the AWT Event Dispatch Thread since screen capture may be a lengthy
     * operation, particularly if acquiring permissions is needed and involves
     * user interaction.
     *
     * @param   screenRect     Rect to capture in screen coordinates
     * @return  The captured image
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException if {@code screenRect} width and height
     *          are not greater than zero
     * @throws  SecurityException if access to the screen is denied
     *          by the desktop environment
     *
     * @since 9
     */
    public synchronized MultiResolutionImage
            createMultiResolutionScreenCapture(Rectangle screenRect) {

        return new BaseMultiResolutionImage(
                createCompatibleImage(screenRect, true));
    }

    private synchronized BufferedImage[]
            createCompatibleImage(Rectangle screenRect, boolean isHiDPI) {

        checkValidRect(screenRect);

        BufferedImage lowResolutionImage;
        BufferedImage highResolutionImage;
        DataBufferInt buffer;
        WritableRaster raster;
        BufferedImage[] imageArray;

        if (screenCapCM == null) {
            /*
             * Fix for 4285201
             * Create a DirectColorModel equivalent to the default RGB ColorModel,
             * except with no Alpha component.
             */

            screenCapCM = new DirectColorModel(24,
                    /* red mask */ 0x00FF0000,
                    /* green mask */ 0x0000FF00,
                    /* blue mask */ 0x000000FF);
        }

        int[] bandmasks = new int[3];
        bandmasks[0] = screenCapCM.getRedMask();
        bandmasks[1] = screenCapCM.getGreenMask();
        bandmasks[2] = screenCapCM.getBlueMask();

        // need to sync the toolkit prior to grabbing the pixels since in some
        // cases rendering to the screen may be delayed
        Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().sync();

        GraphicsConfiguration gc = GraphicsEnvironment
                .getLocalGraphicsEnvironment()
                .getDefaultScreenDevice().
                getDefaultConfiguration();
        gc = SunGraphicsEnvironment.getGraphicsConfigurationAtPoint(
                gc, screenRect.getCenterX(), screenRect.getCenterY());

        AffineTransform tx = gc.getDefaultTransform();
        double uiScaleX = tx.getScaleX();
        double uiScaleY = tx.getScaleY();
        int[] pixels;

        if (uiScaleX == 1 && uiScaleY == 1) {

            pixels = peer.getRGBPixels(screenRect);
            buffer = new DataBufferInt(pixels, pixels.length);

            bandmasks[0] = screenCapCM.getRedMask();
            bandmasks[1] = screenCapCM.getGreenMask();
            bandmasks[2] = screenCapCM.getBlueMask();

            raster = Raster.createPackedRaster(buffer, screenRect.width,
                    screenRect.height, screenRect.width, bandmasks, null);
            SunWritableRaster.makeTrackable(buffer);

            highResolutionImage = new BufferedImage(screenCapCM, raster,
                    false, null);
            imageArray = new BufferedImage[1];
            imageArray[0] = highResolutionImage;

        } else {
            Rectangle scaledRect;
            if (peer.useAbsoluteCoordinates()) {
                scaledRect = toDeviceSpaceAbs(gc, screenRect.x,
                        screenRect.y, screenRect.width, screenRect.height);
            } else {
                scaledRect = toDeviceSpace(gc, screenRect.x,
                        screenRect.y, screenRect.width, screenRect.height);
            }
            // HighResolutionImage
            pixels = peer.getRGBPixels(scaledRect);
            buffer = new DataBufferInt(pixels, pixels.length);
            raster = Raster.createPackedRaster(buffer, scaledRect.width,
                    scaledRect.height, scaledRect.width, bandmasks, null);
            SunWritableRaster.makeTrackable(buffer);

            highResolutionImage = new BufferedImage(screenCapCM, raster,
                    false, null);


            // LowResolutionImage
            lowResolutionImage = new BufferedImage(screenRect.width,
                    screenRect.height, highResolutionImage.getType());
            Graphics2D g = lowResolutionImage.createGraphics();
            g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION,
                    RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR);
            g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_RENDERING,
                    RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY);
            g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
                    RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
            g.drawImage(highResolutionImage, 0, 0,
                    screenRect.width, screenRect.height,
                    0, 0, scaledRect.width, scaledRect.height, null);
            g.dispose();

            if(!isHiDPI) {
                imageArray = new BufferedImage[1];
                imageArray[0] = lowResolutionImage;
            } else {
                imageArray = new BufferedImage[2];
                imageArray[0] = lowResolutionImage;
                imageArray[1] = highResolutionImage;
            }

        }

        return imageArray;
    }

    private static void checkValidRect(Rectangle rect) {
        if (rect.width <= 0 || rect.height <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Rectangle width and height must be > 0");
        }
    }

    /*
     * Called after an event is generated
     */
    private void afterEvent() {
        autoWaitForIdle();
        autoDelay();
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether this Robot automatically invokes {@code waitForIdle}
     * after generating an event.
     * @return Whether {@code waitForIdle} is automatically called
     */
    public synchronized boolean isAutoWaitForIdle() {
        return isAutoWaitForIdle;
    }

    /**
     * Sets whether this Robot automatically invokes {@code waitForIdle}
     * after generating an event.
     *
     * @apiNote Setting this to true means you cannot call mouse and key-controlling events
     * on the AWT Event Dispatching Thread
     *
     * @param   isOn    Whether {@code waitForIdle} is automatically invoked
     */
    public synchronized void setAutoWaitForIdle(boolean isOn) {
        isAutoWaitForIdle = isOn;
    }

    /*
     * Calls waitForIdle after every event if so desired.
     */
    private void autoWaitForIdle() {
        if (isAutoWaitForIdle) {
            waitForIdle();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of milliseconds this Robot sleeps after generating an event.
     *
     * @return the delay duration in milliseconds
     */
    public synchronized int getAutoDelay() {
        return autoDelay;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the number of milliseconds this Robot sleeps after generating an event.
     *
     * @param  ms the delay duration in milliseconds
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException If {@code ms}
     *         is not between 0 and 60,000 milliseconds inclusive
     */
    public synchronized void setAutoDelay(int ms) {
        checkDelayArgument(ms);
        autoDelay = ms;
    }

    /*
     * Automatically sleeps for the specified interval after event generated.
     */
    private void autoDelay() {
        delay(autoDelay);
    }

    /**
     * Sleeps for the specified time.
     * <p>
     * If the invoking thread is interrupted while waiting, then it will return
     * immediately with the interrupted status set. If the interrupted status is
     * already set, this method returns immediately with the interrupted status
     * set.
     *
     * @apiNote It is recommended to avoid calling this method on
     * the AWT Event Dispatch Thread since delay may be a lengthy
     * operation.
     *
     * @param  ms time to sleep in milliseconds
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code ms} is not between {@code 0}
     *         and {@code 60,000} milliseconds inclusive
     */
    public void delay(int ms) {
        checkDelayArgument(ms);
        Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
        if (!thread.isInterrupted()) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(ms);
            } catch (final InterruptedException ignored) {
                thread.interrupt(); // Preserve interrupted status
            }
        }
    }

    private static void checkDelayArgument(int ms) {
        if (ms < 0 || ms > MAX_DELAY) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Delay must be to 0 to 60,000ms");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Waits until all events currently on the event queue have been processed.
     * @throws  IllegalThreadStateException if called on the AWT event dispatching thread
     */
    public synchronized void waitForIdle() {
        checkNotDispatchThread();
        SunToolkit.flushPendingEvents();
        ((SunToolkit) Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit()).realSync();
    }

    private static void checkNotDispatchThread() {
        if (EventQueue.isDispatchThread()) {
            throw new IllegalThreadStateException("Cannot call method from the event dispatcher thread");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string representation of this Robot.
     *
     * @return  the string representation.
     */
    @Override
    public synchronized String toString() {
        String params = "autoDelay = "+getAutoDelay()+", "+"autoWaitForIdle = "+isAutoWaitForIdle();
        return getClass().getName() + "[ " + params + " ]";
    }

    /**
     * A convenience method that simulates clicking a mouse button by calling {@code mousePress},
     * {@code mouseRelease} and {@code waitForIdle}. Invokes {@code waitForIdle} with a default
     * delay of {@value #DEFAULT_DELAY} milliseconds after {@code mousePress} and {@code mouseRelease}
     * calls. For specifics on valid inputs see {@link java.awt.Robot#mousePress(int)}.
     *
     * @param   buttons The button mask; a combination of one or more mouse button masks.
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException if the {@code buttons} mask contains the mask for
     *          extra mouse button and support for extended mouse buttons is
     *          {@linkplain Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() disabled} by Java
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException if the {@code buttons} mask contains the mask for
     *          extra mouse button that does not exist on the mouse and support for extended
     *          mouse buttons is {@linkplain Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() enabled}
     *          by Java
     * @throws  IllegalThreadStateException if called on the AWT event dispatching thread
     * @see     #DEFAULT_DELAY
     * @see     #mousePress(int)
     * @see     #mouseRelease(int)
     * @see     InputEvent#getMaskForButton(int)
     * @see     Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled()
     * @see     java.awt.event.MouseEvent
     * @since   26
     */
    public void click(int buttons) {
        try {
            mousePress(buttons);
            waitForIdle(DEFAULT_DELAY);
        } finally {
            mouseRelease(buttons);
            waitForIdle(DEFAULT_DELAY);
        }
    }

    /**
     * A convenience method that clicks mouse button 1.
     *
     * @throws  IllegalThreadStateException if called on the AWT event dispatching thread
     * @see     #click(int)
     * @since   26
     */
    public void click() {
        click(InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK);
    }

    /**
     * A convenience method that calls {@code waitForIdle} then waits an additional specified
     * {@code delayValue} time in milliseconds.
     *
     * @param   delayValue  Additional delay length in milliseconds to wait until thread
     *                      sync been completed
     * @throws  IllegalThreadStateException if called on the AWT event
     *          dispatching thread
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException if {@code delayValue} is not between {@code 0}
     *          and {@code 60,000} milliseconds inclusive
     * @since   26
     */
    public void waitForIdle(int delayValue) {
        waitForIdle();
        delay(delayValue);
    }

    /**
     * A convenience method that moves the mouse in multiple
     * steps from its current location to the destination coordinates.
     *
     * @implSpec Invokes {@link #mouseMove(int, int) mouseMove} with a step-length
     * of {@value #DEFAULT_STEP_LENGTH} and a step-delay of {@value #DEFAULT_DELAY}.
     *
     * @param   x   Destination point x coordinate
     * @param   y   Destination point y coordinate
     *
     * @throws  IllegalThreadStateException if called on the AWT event dispatching
     *          thread and {@code isAutoWaitForIdle} would return true
     * @see     #DEFAULT_STEP_LENGTH
     * @see     #DEFAULT_DELAY
     * @see     #glide(int, int, int, int, int, int)
     * @since   26
     */
    public void glide(int x, int y) {
        Point p = MouseInfo.getPointerInfo().getLocation();
        glide(p.x, p.y, x, y);
    }

    /**
     * A convenience method that moves the mouse in multiple steps
     * from source coordinates to the destination coordinates.
     *
     * @implSpec Invokes {@link #mouseMove(int, int) mouseMove} with a step-length
     * of {@value #DEFAULT_STEP_LENGTH} and a step-delay of {@value #DEFAULT_DELAY}.
     *
     * @param   srcX   Source point x coordinate
     * @param   srcY   Source point y coordinate
     * @param   dstX   Destination point x coordinate
     * @param   dstY   Destination point y coordinate
     *
     * @throws  IllegalThreadStateException if called on the AWT event dispatching
     *          thread and {@code isAutoWaitForIdle} would return true
     * @see     #DEFAULT_STEP_LENGTH
     * @see     #DEFAULT_DELAY
     * @see     #glide(int, int, int, int, int, int)
     * @since   26
     */
    public void glide(int srcX, int srcY, int dstX, int dstY) {
        glide(srcX, srcY, dstX, dstY, DEFAULT_STEP_LENGTH, DEFAULT_DELAY);
    }

    /**
     * A convenience method that moves the mouse in multiple
     * steps from source point to the destination point with a
     * given {@code stepLength} and {@code stepDelay}.
     *
     * @param   srcX        Source point x coordinate
     * @param   srcY        Source point y coordinate
     * @param   destX       Destination point x coordinate
     * @param   destY       Destination point y coordinate
     * @param   stepLength  Preferred length of one step in pixels
     * @param   stepDelay   Delay between steps in milliseconds
     *
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException if {@code stepLength} is not greater than zero
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException if {@code stepDelay} is not between {@code 0}
     *          and {@code 60,000} milliseconds inclusive
     * @throws  IllegalThreadStateException if called on the AWT event dispatching
     *          thread and {@code isAutoWaitForIdle} would return true
     * @see     #mouseMove(int, int)
     * @see     #delay(int)
     * @since   26
     */
    public void glide(int srcX, int srcY, int destX, int destY, int stepLength, int stepDelay) {
        if (stepLength <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Step length must be greater than zero");
        }
        if (stepDelay <= 0 || stepDelay > 60000) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Step delay must be between 0 and 60,000 milliseconds");
        }

        int stepNum;
        double tDx, tDy;
        double dx, dy, ds;
        double x, y;

        dx = (destX - srcX);
        dy = (destY - srcY);
        ds = Math.sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy);

        tDx = dx / ds * stepLength;
        tDy = dy / ds * stepLength;

        int stepsCount = (int) ds / stepLength;

        // Walk the mouse to the destination one step at a time
        mouseMove(srcX, srcY);

        for (x = srcX, y = srcY, stepNum = 0;
             stepNum < stepsCount;
             stepNum++) {
            x += tDx;
            y += tDy;
            mouseMove((int)x, (int)y);
            delay(stepDelay);
        }

        // Ensure the mouse moves to the right destination.
        // The steps may have led the mouse to a slightly wrong place.
        if (x != destX || y != destY) {
            mouseMove(destX, destY);
        }
    }

    /**
     * A convenience method that simulates typing a key by calling {@code keyPress}
     * and {@code keyRelease}. Invokes {@code waitForIdle} with a delay of {@value #DEFAULT_DELAY}
     * milliseconds after {@code keyPress} and {@code keyRelease} calls.
     * <p>
     * Key codes that have more than one physical key associated with them
     * (e.g. {@code KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT} could mean either the
     * left or right shift key) will map to the left key.
     *
     * @param   keycode Key to type (e.g. {@code KeyEvent.VK_A})
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException if {@code keycode} is not
     *          a valid key
     * @throws  IllegalThreadStateException if called on the AWT event dispatching thread
     * @see     #DEFAULT_DELAY
     * @see     #keyPress(int)
     * @see     #keyRelease(int)
     * @see     java.awt.event.KeyEvent
     * @since   26
     */
    public synchronized void type(int keycode) {
        keyPress(keycode);
        waitForIdle(DEFAULT_DELAY);
        keyRelease(keycode);
        waitForIdle(DEFAULT_DELAY);
    }

    /**
     * A convenience method that simulates typing a char by calling {@code keyPress}
     * and {@code keyRelease}. Gets the ExtendedKeyCode for the char and calls
     * {@code type(int keycode)}.
     *
     * @param   c   Character to be typed (e.g. {@code 'a'})
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException if {@code keycode} is not
     *          a valid key
     * @throws  IllegalThreadStateException if called on the AWT event dispatching thread
     * @see     #type(int)
     * @see     #keyPress(int)
     * @see     #keyRelease(int)
     * @see     java.awt.event.KeyEvent
     * @since   26
     */
    public synchronized void type(char c) {
        type(KeyEvent.getExtendedKeyCodeForChar(c));
    }
}