src/operator/nn/convolution.cc - master - githubmirror/incubator-mxnet

src/operator/nn/convolution.cc
576 строк24 KB
PiotrWolinski - Intel
[master] Remove dnnl_ops-inl.h file (#20997)
02 июн 2022, 09:40
02 июн 2022, 09:40102388a
/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

/*!
 * \file convolution.cc
 * \brief
 * \author Bing Xu, Jun Wu, Da Zheng
 */

#include <mshadow/base.h>
#include <mshadow/tensor.h>
#include "./convolution-inl.h"
#include "../elemwise_op_common.h"
#include "../operator_common.h"
#include "../../common/alm.h"
#if MXNET_USE_ONEDNN == 1
#include "operator/nn/dnnl/dnnl_base-inl.h"
#include "operator/nn/dnnl/dnnl_convolution-inl.h"
#endif  // MXNET_USE_ONEDNN

namespace mxnet {
namespace op {
DMLC_REGISTER_PARAMETER(ConvolutionParam);

static inline index_t AddPad(index_t dsize, index_t pad) {
  return dsize + 2 * pad;
}

static inline std::vector<std::string> ListArguments(const ConvolutionParam& param_) {
  if (!param_.no_bias) {
    return {"data", "weight", "bias"};
  } else {
    return {"data", "weight"};
  }
}

#if MXNET_USE_ONEDNN == 1
static void ConvolutionComputeExCPU(const nnvm::NodeAttrs& attrs,
                                    const OpContext& ctx,
                                    const std::vector<NDArray>& inputs,
                                    const std::vector<OpReqType>& req,
                                    const std::vector<NDArray>& outputs) {
  const ConvolutionParam& params = nnvm::get<ConvolutionParam>(attrs.parsed);
  if (SupportDNNLConv(params, inputs[0])) {
    DNNL_OPCHECK_INIT(false, outputs.size(), inputs, outputs);
    DNNLRun(DNNLConvolutionForward, attrs, ctx, inputs, req, outputs);
    DNNL_OPCHECK_RUN(ConvolutionCompute<cpu>, attrs, ctx, inputs, req, outputs);
    return;
  }
  FallBackCompute(ConvolutionCompute<cpu>, attrs, ctx, inputs, req, outputs);
}

static void ConvolutionGradComputeExCPU(const nnvm::NodeAttrs& attrs,
                                        const OpContext& ctx,
                                        const std::vector<NDArray>& inputs,
                                        const std::vector<OpReqType>& req,
                                        const std::vector<NDArray>& outputs) {
  const ConvolutionParam& params = nnvm::get<ConvolutionParam>(attrs.parsed);
  if (SupportDNNLConv(params, inputs[0])) {
    DNNL_OPCHECK_INIT(true, outputs.size(), inputs, outputs);
    DNNLRun(DNNLConvolutionBackward, attrs, ctx, inputs, req, outputs);
    DNNL_OPCHECK_RUN(ConvolutionGradCompute<cpu>, attrs, ctx, inputs, req, outputs);
    return;
  }
  FallBackCompute(ConvolutionGradCompute<cpu>, attrs, ctx, inputs, req, outputs);
}
#endif

static bool ConvChangeLayout(nnvm::NodeAttrs* attrs,
                             mshadow::LayoutFlag target_layout,
                             std::vector<alm::Transpose>* in_axes,
                             std::vector<alm::Transpose>* out_axes) {
  const auto& param = nnvm::get<ConvolutionParam>(attrs->parsed);
  CHECK(param.layout) << "Current layout of convolution should be known: " << attrs->name;
  auto layout = static_cast<mshadow::LayoutFlag>(param.layout.value());
  auto t      = target_layout != mshadow::kUNKNOWN ?
               mshadow::getTranspAxes<size_t>(layout, target_layout) :
               alm::FactorCommonTranspose(in_axes);
  out_axes->assign(1, alm::Reverse(t));
  if (alm::IsIdentity(t))
    return false;
  if (target_layout != mshadow::kUNKNOWN) {
    for (auto i : {0, 1})
      in_axes->at(i) = alm::Compose(t, in_axes->at(i));
  } else {
    target_layout = alm::ApplyTranspose(layout, t);
  }
  attrs->dict["layout"] = mshadow::toString(target_layout);
  return true;
}

static bool ConvolutionShape(const nnvm::NodeAttrs& attrs,
                             mxnet::ShapeVector* in_shape,
                             mxnet::ShapeVector* out_shape) {
  using namespace mshadow;
  const ConvolutionParam& param_ = nnvm::get<ConvolutionParam>(attrs.parsed);
  if (!param_.no_bias) {
    CHECK_EQ(in_shape->size(), 3U) << "Input:[data, weight, bias]";
  } else {
    CHECK_EQ(in_shape->size(), 2U) << "Input:[data, weight]";
  }
  // CHECK_EQ(out_shape->size(), 1) << "Output: [output]";
  out_shape->resize(1, mxnet::TShape());
  const mxnet::TShape& dshp = (*in_shape)[conv::kData];
  if (!mxnet::ndim_is_known(dshp))
    return false;

  if (param_.kernel.ndim() == 1) {
    // 1d conv
    CHECK_EQ(dshp.ndim(), 3U) << "Input data should be 3D in batch-num_filter-x";
    Shape<3> dshape = ConvertLayout(dshp.get<3>(), param_.layout.value(), kNCW);
    CHECK_GT(param_.num_group, 0U)
        << "Range only supports num_group > 0, received " << param_.num_group;
    Shape<3> wshape =
        Shape3(param_.num_filter / param_.num_group,
               mxnet::dim_size_is_known(dshape, 1) ? dshape[1] / param_.num_group : -1,
               param_.kernel[0]);
    wshape = ConvertLayout(wshape, kNCW, param_.layout.value());
    if (wshape[0] >= 0) {
      wshape[0] *= param_.num_group;
    }
    SHAPE_ASSIGN_CHECK(*in_shape, conv::kWeight, wshape);
    if (!param_.no_bias) {
      SHAPE_ASSIGN_CHECK(*in_shape, conv::kBias, Shape1(param_.num_filter));
    }

    const index_t dilated_ksize_x = param_.DilatedKernelSize(0);
    if (dshape[1] != -1) {
      CHECK_EQ(dshape[1] % param_.num_group, 0U) << "input num_filter must divide group size";
    }
    CHECK_EQ(param_.num_filter % param_.num_group, 0U)
        << "output num_filter must divide group size";
    CHECK_GT(param_.kernel.Size(), 0U) << "incorrect kernel size: " << param_.kernel;
    CHECK_GT(param_.stride.Size(), 0U) << "incorrect stride size: " << param_.stride;
    CHECK_GT(param_.dilate.Size(), 0U) << "incorrect dilate size: " << param_.dilate;
    Shape<3> oshape;
    oshape[0] = dshape[0];
    oshape[1] = param_.num_filter;
    oshape[2] = dshape[2] != -1 ?
                    (AddPad(dshape[2], param_.pad[0]) - dilated_ksize_x) / param_.stride[0] + 1 :
                    -1;
    SHAPE_ASSIGN_CHECK(*out_shape, 0, ConvertLayout(oshape, kNCW, param_.layout.value()));
    // Perform incomplete shape inference. Fill in the missing values in data shape.
    // 1) We can always fill in the batch_size.
    // 2) We can back-calculate the input height/width if the corresponding stride is 1.
    oshape    = ConvertLayout((*out_shape)[0].get<3>(), param_.layout.value(), kNCW);
    dshape[0] = oshape[0];
    if (oshape[2] != -1 && param_.stride[0] == 1) {
      dshape[2] = oshape[2] + dilated_ksize_x - 1 - 2 * param_.pad[0];
    }
    SHAPE_ASSIGN_CHECK(*in_shape, conv::kData, ConvertLayout(dshape, kNCW, param_.layout.value()));
    // Check whether the kernel sizes are valid
    if (dshape[2] != -1) {
      CHECK_LE(dilated_ksize_x, AddPad(dshape[2], param_.pad[0])) << "kernel size exceed input";
    }
    return true;
  } else if (param_.kernel.ndim() == 2) {
    // 2d conv
    CHECK_EQ(dshp.ndim(), 4U) << "Input data should be 4D in batch-num_filter-y-x";
    Shape<4> dshape = ConvertLayout(dshp.get<4>(), param_.layout.value(), kNCHW);
    CHECK_GT(param_.num_group, 0U)
        << "Range only supports num_group > 0, received " << param_.num_group;
    Shape<4> wshape =
        Shape4(param_.num_filter / param_.num_group,
               mxnet::dim_size_is_known(dshape, 1) ? dshape[1] / param_.num_group : -1,
               param_.kernel[0],
               param_.kernel[1]);
    wshape = ConvertLayout(wshape, kNCHW, param_.layout.value());
    if (wshape[0] >= 0) {
      wshape[0] *= param_.num_group;
    }
    SHAPE_ASSIGN_CHECK(*in_shape, conv::kWeight, wshape);
    if (!param_.no_bias) {
      SHAPE_ASSIGN_CHECK(*in_shape, conv::kBias, Shape1(param_.num_filter));
    }

    const index_t dilated_ksize_y = param_.DilatedKernelSize(0);
    const index_t dilated_ksize_x = param_.DilatedKernelSize(1);
    if (dshape[1] != -1) {
      CHECK_EQ(dshape[1] % param_.num_group, 0U) << "input num_filter must divide group size";
    }
    CHECK_EQ(param_.num_filter % param_.num_group, 0U)
        << "output num_filter must divide group size";
    CHECK_GT(param_.kernel.Size(), 0U) << "incorrect kernel size: " << param_.kernel;
    CHECK_GT(param_.stride.Size(), 0U) << "incorrect stride size: " << param_.stride;
    CHECK_GT(param_.dilate.Size(), 0U) << "incorrect dilate size: " << param_.dilate;
    Shape<4> oshape;
    oshape[0] = dshape[0];
    oshape[1] = param_.num_filter;
    oshape[2] = dshape[2] != -1 ?
                    (AddPad(dshape[2], param_.pad[0]) - dilated_ksize_y) / param_.stride[0] + 1 :
                    -1;
    oshape[3] = dshape[3] != -1 ?
                    (AddPad(dshape[3], param_.pad[1]) - dilated_ksize_x) / param_.stride[1] + 1 :
                    -1;
    SHAPE_ASSIGN_CHECK(*out_shape, 0, ConvertLayout(oshape, kNCHW, param_.layout.value()));
    // Perform incomplete shape inference. Fill in the missing values in data shape.
    // 1) We can always fill in the batch_size.
    // 2) We can back-calculate the input height/width if the corresponding stride is 1.
    oshape    = ConvertLayout((*out_shape)[0].get<4>(), param_.layout.value(), kNCHW);
    dshape[0] = oshape[0];
    if (oshape[2] != -1 && param_.stride[0] == 1) {
      dshape[2] = oshape[2] + dilated_ksize_y - 1 - 2 * param_.pad[0];
    }
    if (oshape[3] != -1 && param_.stride[1] == 1) {
      dshape[3] = oshape[3] + dilated_ksize_x - 1 - 2 * param_.pad[1];
    }
    SHAPE_ASSIGN_CHECK(*in_shape, conv::kData, ConvertLayout(dshape, kNCHW, param_.layout.value()));
    // Check whether the kernel sizes are valid
    if (dshape[2] != -1) {
      CHECK_LE(dilated_ksize_y, AddPad(dshape[2], param_.pad[0])) << "kernel size exceed input";
    }
    if (dshape[3] != -1) {
      CHECK_LE(dilated_ksize_x, AddPad(dshape[3], param_.pad[1])) << "kernel size exceed input";
    }
    return true;
  } else if (param_.kernel.ndim() == 3) {
    // 3d conv
    CHECK_EQ(dshp.ndim(), 5U) << "Input data should be 5D in batch-num_filter-depth-y-x";
    Shape<5> dshape = ConvertLayout(dshp.get<5>(), param_.layout.value(), kNCDHW);
    CHECK_GT(param_.num_group, 0U)
        << "Range only supports num_group > 0, received " << param_.num_group;
    Shape<5> wshape =
        Shape5(param_.num_filter / param_.num_group,
               mxnet::dim_size_is_known(dshape, 1) ? dshape[1] / param_.num_group : -1,
               param_.kernel[0],
               param_.kernel[1],
               param_.kernel[2]);
    wshape = ConvertLayout(wshape, kNCDHW, param_.layout.value());
    if (wshape[0] >= 0) {
      wshape[0] *= param_.num_group;
    }
    SHAPE_ASSIGN_CHECK(*in_shape, conv::kWeight, wshape);
    if (!param_.no_bias) {
      SHAPE_ASSIGN_CHECK(*in_shape, conv::kBias, Shape1(param_.num_filter));
    }

    const index_t dilated_ksize_d = param_.DilatedKernelSize(0);
    const index_t dilated_ksize_y = param_.DilatedKernelSize(1);
    const index_t dilated_ksize_x = param_.DilatedKernelSize(2);
    if (dshape[1] >= 0) {
      CHECK_EQ(dshape[1] % param_.num_group, 0U) << "input num_filter must divide group size";
    }
    CHECK_EQ(param_.num_filter % param_.num_group, 0U)
        << "output num_filter must divide group size";
    CHECK_GT(param_.kernel.Size(), 0U) << "incorrect kernel size: " << param_.kernel;
    CHECK_GT(param_.stride.Size(), 0U) << "incorrect stride size: " << param_.stride;
    CHECK_GT(param_.dilate.Size(), 0U) << "incorrect dilate size: " << param_.dilate;
    Shape<5> oshape;
    oshape[0] = dshape[0];
    oshape[1] = param_.num_filter;
    oshape[2] = dshape[2] != -1 ?
                    (AddPad(dshape[2], param_.pad[0]) - dilated_ksize_d) / param_.stride[0] + 1 :
                    -1;
    oshape[3] = dshape[3] != -1 ?
                    (AddPad(dshape[3], param_.pad[1]) - dilated_ksize_y) / param_.stride[1] + 1 :
                    -1;
    oshape[4] = dshape[4] != -1 ?
                    (AddPad(dshape[4], param_.pad[2]) - dilated_ksize_x) / param_.stride[2] + 1 :
                    -1;
    SHAPE_ASSIGN_CHECK(*out_shape, 0, ConvertLayout(oshape, kNCDHW, param_.layout.value()));
    // Perform incomplete shape inference. Fill in the missing values in data shape.
    // 1) We can always fill in the batch_size.
    // 2) We can back-calculate the input depth/height/width if the corresponding stride is 1.
    oshape    = ConvertLayout((*out_shape)[0].get<5>(), param_.layout.value(), kNCDHW);
    dshape[0] = oshape[0];
    if (oshape[2] != -1 && param_.stride[0] == 1) {
      dshape[2] = oshape[2] + dilated_ksize_d - 1 - 2 * param_.pad[0];
    }
    if (oshape[3] != -1 && param_.stride[1] == 1) {
      dshape[3] = oshape[3] + dilated_ksize_y - 1 - 2 * param_.pad[1];
    }
    if (oshape[4] != -1 && param_.stride[2] == 1) {
      dshape[4] = oshape[4] + dilated_ksize_x - 1 - 2 * param_.pad[2];
    }
    SHAPE_ASSIGN_CHECK(
        *in_shape, conv::kData, ConvertLayout(dshape, kNCDHW, param_.layout.value()));
    // Check whether the kernel sizes are valid
    if (dshape[2] != -1) {
      CHECK_LE(dilated_ksize_d, AddPad(dshape[2], param_.pad[0])) << "kernel size exceed input";
    }
    if (dshape[3] != -1) {
      CHECK_LE(dilated_ksize_y, AddPad(dshape[3], param_.pad[1])) << "kernel size exceed input";
    }
    if (dshape[4] != -1) {
      CHECK_LE(dilated_ksize_x, AddPad(dshape[4], param_.pad[2])) << "kernel size exceed input";
    }
    return true;
  } else {
    LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown convolution type";
    return false;
  }
}

static bool ConvolutionType(const nnvm::NodeAttrs& attrs,
                            std::vector<int>* in_type,
                            std::vector<int>* out_type) {
  const ConvolutionParam& param_ = nnvm::get<ConvolutionParam>(attrs.parsed);
  CHECK_GE(in_type->size(), 1U);
  int dtype = (*in_type)[0];
  if (type_is_none(dtype)) {
    if (out_type->size() == 0 || type_is_none((*out_type)[0])) {
      return false;
    } else {
      dtype = (*out_type)[0];
    }
  } else {
    out_type->clear();
    out_type->push_back(dtype);
  }
  for (size_t i = 0; i < in_type->size(); ++i) {
    if ((*in_type)[i] == -1) {
      (*in_type)[i] = dtype;
    } else {
      UNIFORM_TYPE_CHECK((*in_type)[i], dtype, ListArguments(param_)[i]);
    }
  }
  return true;
}

#if MXNET_USE_ONEDNN == 1
inline static bool ConvStorageType(const nnvm::NodeAttrs& attrs,
                                   const int dev_mask,
                                   DispatchMode* dispatch_mode,
                                   std::vector<int>* in_attrs,
                                   std::vector<int>* out_attrs) {
  const ConvolutionParam& param = nnvm::get<ConvolutionParam>(attrs.parsed);
  uint32_t in_expected          = param.no_bias ? 2 : 3;
  CHECK_EQ(in_attrs->size(), in_expected);
  CHECK_EQ(out_attrs->size(), 1);

  return DNNLStorageType(attrs, dev_mask, true, dispatch_mode, in_attrs, out_attrs);
}

inline static bool BackwardConvStorageType(const nnvm::NodeAttrs& attrs,
                                           const int dev_mask,
                                           DispatchMode* dispatch_mode,
                                           std::vector<int>* in_attrs,
                                           std::vector<int>* out_attrs) {
  const ConvolutionParam& param = nnvm::get<ConvolutionParam>(attrs.parsed);
  uint32_t in_expected          = param.no_bias ? 3 : 4;
  uint32_t out_expected         = param.no_bias ? 2 : 3;
  CHECK_EQ(in_attrs->size(), in_expected);
  CHECK_EQ(out_attrs->size(), out_expected);

  return DNNLStorageType(attrs, dev_mask, true, dispatch_mode, in_attrs, out_attrs);
}
#endif

void ConvolutionParamParser(nnvm::NodeAttrs* attrs) {
  using namespace mshadow;
  ConvolutionParam param_;
  try {
    param_.Init(attrs->dict);
  } catch (const dmlc::ParamError& e) {
    std::ostringstream os;
    os << e.what();
    os << ", in operator " << attrs->op->name << "("
       << "name=\"" << attrs->name << "\"";
    for (const auto& k : attrs->dict) {
      os << ", " << k.first << "=\"" << k.second << "\"";
    }
    os << ")";
    throw dmlc::ParamError(os.str());
  }

  if (param_.kernel.ndim() == 1) {
    param_.layout = param_.layout ? param_.layout.value() : mshadow::kNCW;
    if (param_.stride.ndim() == 0)
      param_.stride = Shape1(1);
    if (param_.dilate.ndim() == 0)
      param_.dilate = Shape1(1);
    if (param_.pad.ndim() == 0)
      param_.pad = Shape1(0);
  } else if (param_.kernel.ndim() == 2) {
    param_.layout = param_.layout ? param_.layout.value() : mshadow::kNCHW;
    if (param_.stride.ndim() == 0)
      param_.stride = Shape2(1, 1);
    if (param_.dilate.ndim() == 0)
      param_.dilate = Shape2(1, 1);
    if (param_.pad.ndim() == 0)
      param_.pad = Shape2(0, 0);
  } else {
    CHECK_EQ(param_.kernel.ndim(), 3U) << param_.kernel.ndim() << "D convolution not supported";
    param_.layout = param_.layout ? param_.layout.value() : mshadow::kNCDHW;
    if (param_.stride.ndim() == 0)
      param_.stride = Shape3(1, 1, 1);
    if (param_.dilate.ndim() == 0)
      param_.dilate = Shape3(1, 1, 1);
    if (param_.pad.ndim() == 0)
      param_.pad = Shape3(0, 0, 0);
  }
  CHECK_EQ(param_.kernel.ndim(), param_.stride.ndim())
      << "Stride must have the same number of dimensions with kernel_size,"
      << "but kernel_size is set to " << param_.kernel << " while stride is " << param_.stride;
  CHECK_EQ(param_.kernel.ndim(), param_.dilate.ndim())
      << "Dilate must have the same number of dimensions with kernel_size,"
      << "but kernel_size is set to " << param_.kernel << " while dilate is " << param_.dilate;
  CHECK_EQ(param_.kernel.ndim(), param_.pad.ndim())
      << "Padding must have the same number of dimensions with kernel_size,"
      << "but kernel_size is set to " << param_.kernel << " while padding is " << param_.pad;
  attrs->parsed = std::move(param_);
}

struct ConvolutionGrad {
  const char* op_name;
  std::vector<nnvm::NodeEntry> operator()(const nnvm::ObjectPtr& n,
                                          const std::vector<nnvm::NodeEntry>& ograds) const {
    const ConvolutionParam& param = nnvm::get<ConvolutionParam>(n->attrs.parsed);
    std::vector<nnvm::NodeEntry> heads(ograds.begin(), ograds.end());
    heads.push_back(n->inputs[conv::kData]);
    heads.push_back(n->inputs[conv::kWeight]);
    if (!param.no_bias)
      heads.push_back(n->inputs[conv::kBias]);
    return MakeGradNode(op_name, n, heads, n->attrs.dict);
  }
};

NNVM_REGISTER_OP(Convolution)
    .add_alias("_npx_convolution")
    .describe(R"code(Compute *N*-D convolution on *(N+2)*-D input.

In the 2-D convolution, given input data with shape *(batch_size,
channel, height, width)*, the output is computed by

.. math::

   out[n,i,:,:] = bias[i] + \sum_{j=0}^{channel} data[n,j,:,:] \star
   weight[i,j,:,:]

where :math:`\star` is the 2-D cross-correlation operator.

For general 2-D convolution, the shapes are

- **data**: *(batch_size, channel, height, width)*
- **weight**: *(num_filter, channel, kernel[0], kernel[1])*
- **bias**: *(num_filter,)*
- **out**: *(batch_size, num_filter, out_height, out_width)*.

Define::

  f(x,k,p,s,d) = floor((x+2*p-d*(k-1)-1)/s)+1

then we have::

  out_height=f(height, kernel[0], pad[0], stride[0], dilate[0])
  out_width=f(width, kernel[1], pad[1], stride[1], dilate[1])

If ``no_bias`` is set to be true, then the ``bias`` term is ignored.

The default data ``layout`` is *NCHW*, namely *(batch_size, channel, height,
width)*. We can choose other layouts such as *NWC*.

If ``num_group`` is larger than 1, denoted by *g*, then split the input ``data``
evenly into *g* parts along the channel axis, and also evenly split ``weight``
along the first dimension. Next compute the convolution on the *i*-th part of
the data with the *i*-th weight part. The output is obtained by concatenating all
the *g* results.

1-D convolution does not have *height* dimension but only *width* in space.

- **data**: *(batch_size, channel, width)*
- **weight**: *(num_filter, channel, kernel[0])*
- **bias**: *(num_filter,)*
- **out**: *(batch_size, num_filter, out_width)*.

3-D convolution adds an additional *depth* dimension besides *height* and
*width*. The shapes are

- **data**: *(batch_size, channel, depth, height, width)*
- **weight**: *(num_filter, channel, kernel[0], kernel[1], kernel[2])*
- **bias**: *(num_filter,)*
- **out**: *(batch_size, num_filter, out_depth, out_height, out_width)*.

Both ``weight`` and ``bias`` are learnable parameters.

There are other options to tune the performance.

- **cudnn_tune**: enable this option leads to higher startup time but may give
  faster speed. Options are

  - **off**: no tuning
  - **limited_workspace**:run test and pick the fastest algorithm that doesn't
    exceed workspace limit.
  - **fastest**: pick the fastest algorithm and ignore workspace limit.
  - **None** (default): the behavior is determined by environment variable
    ``MXNET_CUDNN_AUTOTUNE_DEFAULT``. 0 for off, 1 for limited workspace
    (default), 2 for fastest.

- **workspace**: A large number leads to more (GPU) memory usage but may improve
  the performance.

)code" ADD_FILELINE)
    .set_num_inputs([](const NodeAttrs& attrs) {
      const ConvolutionParam& params = nnvm::get<ConvolutionParam>(attrs.parsed);
      return params.no_bias ? 2 : 3;
    })
    .set_num_outputs(1)
    .set_attr_parser(ConvolutionParamParser)
    .set_attr<nnvm::FListInputNames>("FListInputNames",
                                     [](const NodeAttrs& attrs) {
                                       const ConvolutionParam& params =
                                           nnvm::get<ConvolutionParam>(attrs.parsed);
                                       if (params.no_bias)
                                         return std::vector<std::string>{"data", "weight"};
                                       else
                                         return std::vector<std::string>{"data", "weight", "bias"};
                                     })
    .set_attr<nnvm::FListOutputNames>("FListOutputNames",
                                      [](const NodeAttrs& attrs) {
                                        return std::vector<std::string>{"output"};
                                      })
    .set_attr<mxnet::FInferShape>("FInferShape", ConvolutionShape)
    .set_attr<nnvm::FInferType>("FInferType", ConvolutionType)
    .set_attr<mxnet::alm::FChangeLayout>("FChangeLayout", ConvChangeLayout)
#if MXNET_USE_ONEDNN == 1
    .set_attr<FInferStorageType>("FInferStorageType", ConvStorageType)
#endif
    .set_attr<FCompute>("FCompute<cpu>", ConvolutionCompute<cpu>)
#if MXNET_USE_ONEDNN == 1
    .set_attr<bool>("TIsDNNL", true)
    .set_attr<FComputeEx>("FComputeEx<cpu>", ConvolutionComputeExCPU)
#endif
    .set_attr<nnvm::FGradient>("FGradient", ConvolutionGrad{"_backward_Convolution"})
    .set_attr<FResourceRequest>("FResourceRequest",
                                [](const NodeAttrs& n) {
                                  return std::vector<ResourceRequest>{ResourceRequest::kTempSpace};
                                })
    .set_attr<THasDeterministicOutput>("THasDeterministicOutput", true)
    .add_argument("data", "NDArray-or-Symbol", "Input data to the ConvolutionOp.")
    .add_argument("weight", "NDArray-or-Symbol", "Weight matrix.")
    .add_argument("bias", "NDArray-or-Symbol", "Bias parameter.")
    .add_arguments(ConvolutionParam::__FIELDS__());

NNVM_REGISTER_OP(_backward_Convolution)
    .set_num_inputs([](const NodeAttrs& attrs) {
      const ConvolutionParam& params = nnvm::get<ConvolutionParam>(attrs.parsed);
      return params.no_bias ? 3 : 4;
    })
    .set_num_outputs([](const NodeAttrs& attrs) {
      const ConvolutionParam& params = nnvm::get<ConvolutionParam>(attrs.parsed);
      return params.no_bias ? 2 : 3;
    })
    .set_attr<nnvm::TIsBackward>("TIsBackward", true)
#if MXNET_USE_ONEDNN == 1
    .set_attr<FInferStorageType>("FInferStorageType", BackwardConvStorageType)
#endif
    .set_attr<FResourceRequest>("FResourceRequest",
                                [](const NodeAttrs& n) {
                                  return std::vector<ResourceRequest>{ResourceRequest::kTempSpace};
                                })
    .set_attr_parser(ConvolutionParamParser)
#if MXNET_USE_ONEDNN == 1
    .set_attr<bool>("TIsDNNL", true)
    .set_attr<FComputeEx>("FComputeEx<cpu>", ConvolutionGradComputeExCPU)
#endif
    .set_attr<FCompute>("FCompute<cpu>", ConvolutionGradCompute<cpu>);

}  // namespace op
}  // namespace mxnet