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v3.14.4
Doc/using/configure.rst
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Miss Islington (bot)
[3.14] gh-146907: Clarify ABI compatibility between debug and release builds (GH-146925) (GH-147971)
03 апр 2026, 11:02
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03 апр 2026, 11:02
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**************** Configure Python **************** .. highlight:: sh .. _build-requirements: Build Requirements ================== To build CPython, you will need: * A `C11 <https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/11>`_ compiler. `Optional C11 features <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C11_(C_standard_revision)#Optional_features>`_ are not required. * On Windows, Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 or later is required. * Support for `IEEE 754 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_754>`_ floating-point numbers and `floating-point Not-a-Number (NaN) <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NaN#Floating_point>`_. * Support for threads. .. versionchanged:: 3.5 On Windows, Visual Studio 2015 or later is now required. .. versionchanged:: 3.6 Selected C99 features, like ``<stdint.h>`` and ``static inline`` functions, are now required. .. versionchanged:: 3.7 Thread support is now required. .. versionchanged:: 3.11 C11 compiler, IEEE 754 and NaN support are now required. On Windows, Visual Studio 2017 or later is required. See also :pep:`7` "Style Guide for C Code" and :pep:`11` "CPython platform support". .. _optional-module-requirements: Requirements for optional modules --------------------------------- Some :term:`optional modules <optional module>` of the standard library require third-party libraries installed for development (for example, header files must be available). Missing requirements are reported in the ``configure`` output. Modules that are missing due to missing dependencies are listed near the end of the ``make`` output, sometimes using an internal name, for example, ``_ctypes`` for :mod:`ctypes` module. If you distribute a CPython interpreter without optional modules, it's best practice to advise users, who generally expect that standard library modules are available. Dependencies to build optional modules are: .. list-table:: :header-rows: 1 :align: left * - Dependency - Minimum version - Python module * - `libbz2 <https://sourceware.org/bzip2/>`_ - - :mod:`bz2` * - `libffi <https://sourceware.org/libffi/>`_ - 3.3.0 recommended - :mod:`ctypes` * - `liblzma <https://tukaani.org/xz/>`_ - - :mod:`lzma` * - `libmpdec <https://www.bytereef.org/mpdecimal/doc/libmpdec/>`_ - 2.5.0 - :mod:`decimal` [1]_ * - `libreadline <https://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/readline/rltop.html>`_ or `libedit <https://www.thrysoee.dk/editline/>`_ [2]_ - - :mod:`readline` * - `libuuid <https://linux.die.net/man/3/libuuid>`_ - - ``_uuid`` [3]_ * - `ncurses <https://gnu.org/software/ncurses/ncurses.html>`_ [4]_ - - :mod:`curses` * - `OpenSSL <https://openssl-library.org/>`_ - | 3.0.18 recommended | (1.1.1 minimum) - :mod:`ssl`, :mod:`hashlib` [5]_ * - `SQLite <https://sqlite.org/>`_ - 3.15.2 - :mod:`sqlite3` * - `Tcl/Tk <https://www.tcl-lang.org/>`_ - 8.5.12 - :mod:`tkinter`, :ref:`IDLE <idle>`, :mod:`turtle` * - `zlib <https://www.zlib.net>`_ - 1.2.2.1 - :mod:`zlib`, :mod:`gzip`, :mod:`ensurepip` * - `zstd <https://facebook.github.io/zstd/>`_ - 1.4.5 - :mod:`compression.zstd` .. [1] If *libmpdec* is not available, the :mod:`decimal` module will use a pure-Python implementation. See :option:`--with-system-libmpdec` for details. .. [2] See :option:`--with-readline` for choosing the backend for the :mod:`readline` module. .. [3] The :mod:`uuid` module uses ``_uuid`` to generate "safe" UUIDs. See the module documentation for details. .. [4] The :mod:`curses` module requires the ``libncurses`` or ``libncursesw`` library. The :mod:`curses.panel` module additionally requires the ``libpanel`` or ``libpanelw`` library. .. [5] If OpenSSL is not available, the :mod:`hashlib` module will use bundled implementations of several hash functions. See :option:`--with-builtin-hashlib-hashes` for *forcing* usage of OpenSSL. Note that the table does not include all optional modules; in particular, platform-specific modules like :mod:`winreg` are not listed here. .. seealso:: * The `devguide <https://devguide.python.org/getting-started/setup-building/#install-dependencies>`_ includes a full list of dependencies required to build all modules and instructions on how to install them on common platforms. * :option:`--with-system-expat` allows building with an external `libexpat <https://libexpat.github.io/>`_ library. * :ref:`configure-options-for-dependencies` .. versionchanged:: 3.1 Tcl/Tk version 8.3.1 is now required for :mod:`tkinter`. .. versionchanged:: 3.5 Tcl/Tk version 8.4 is now required for :mod:`tkinter`. .. versionchanged:: 3.7 OpenSSL 1.0.2 is now required for :mod:`hashlib` and :mod:`ssl`. .. versionchanged:: 3.10 OpenSSL 1.1.1 is now required for :mod:`hashlib` and :mod:`ssl`. SQLite 3.7.15 is now required for :mod:`sqlite3`. .. versionchanged:: 3.11 Tcl/Tk version 8.5.12 is now required for :mod:`tkinter`. .. versionchanged:: 3.13 SQLite 3.15.2 is now required for :mod:`sqlite3`. Generated files =============== To reduce build dependencies, Python source code contains multiple generated files. Commands to regenerate all generated files:: make regen-all make regen-stdlib-module-names make regen-limited-abi make regen-configure The ``Makefile.pre.in`` file documents generated files, their inputs, and tools used to regenerate them. Search for ``regen-*`` make targets. configure script ---------------- The ``make regen-configure`` command regenerates the ``aclocal.m4`` file and the ``configure`` script using the ``Tools/build/regen-configure.sh`` shell script which uses an Ubuntu container to get the same tools versions and have a reproducible output. The container is optional, the following command can be run locally:: autoreconf -ivf -Werror The generated files can change depending on the exact versions of the tools used. The container that CPython uses has `Autoconf <https://gnu.org/software/autoconf>`_ 2.72, ``aclocal`` from `Automake <https://www.gnu.org/software/automake>`_ 1.16.5, and `pkg-config <https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/pkg-config/>`_ 1.8.1. .. versionchanged:: 3.13 Autoconf 2.71 and aclocal 1.16.5 and are now used to regenerate :file:`configure`. .. versionchanged:: 3.14 Autoconf 2.72 is now used to regenerate :file:`configure`. .. _configure-options: Configure Options ================= List all :file:`configure` script options using:: ./configure --help See also the :file:`Misc/SpecialBuilds.txt` in the Python source distribution. General Options --------------- .. option:: --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions Support loadable extensions in the :mod:`!_sqlite` extension module (default is no) of the :mod:`sqlite3` module. See the :meth:`sqlite3.Connection.enable_load_extension` method of the :mod:`sqlite3` module. .. versionadded:: 3.6 .. option:: --disable-ipv6 Disable IPv6 support (enabled by default if supported), see the :mod:`socket` module. .. option:: --enable-big-digits=[15|30] Define the size in bits of Python :class:`int` digits: 15 or 30 bits. By default, the digit size is 30. Define the ``PYLONG_BITS_IN_DIGIT`` to ``15`` or ``30``. See :data:`sys.int_info.bits_per_digit <sys.int_info>`. .. option:: --with-suffix=SUFFIX Set the Python executable suffix to *SUFFIX*. The default suffix is ``.exe`` on Windows and macOS (``python.exe`` executable), ``.js`` on Emscripten node, ``.html`` on Emscripten browser, ``.wasm`` on WASI, and an empty string on other platforms (``python`` executable). .. versionchanged:: 3.11 The default suffix on WASM platform is one of ``.js``, ``.html`` or ``.wasm``. .. option:: --with-tzpath=<list of absolute paths separated by pathsep> Select the default time zone search path for :const:`zoneinfo.TZPATH`. See the :ref:`Compile-time configuration <zoneinfo_data_compile_time_config>` of the :mod:`zoneinfo` module. Default: ``/usr/share/zoneinfo:/usr/lib/zoneinfo:/usr/share/lib/zoneinfo:/etc/zoneinfo``. See :data:`os.pathsep` path separator. .. versionadded:: 3.9 .. option:: --without-decimal-contextvar Build the ``_decimal`` extension module using a thread-local context rather than a coroutine-local context (default), see the :mod:`decimal` module. See :const:`decimal.HAVE_CONTEXTVAR` and the :mod:`contextvars` module. .. versionadded:: 3.9 .. option:: --with-dbmliborder=<list of backend names> Override order to check db backends for the :mod:`dbm` module A valid value is a colon (``:``) separated string with the backend names: * ``ndbm``; * ``gdbm``; * ``bdb``. .. option:: --without-c-locale-coercion Disable C locale coercion to a UTF-8 based locale (enabled by default). Don't define the ``PY_COERCE_C_LOCALE`` macro. See :envvar:`PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE` and the :pep:`538`. .. option:: --with-platlibdir=DIRNAME Python library directory name (default is ``lib``). Fedora and SuSE use ``lib64`` on 64-bit platforms. See :data:`sys.platlibdir`. .. versionadded:: 3.9 .. option:: --with-wheel-pkg-dir=PATH Directory of wheel packages used by the :mod:`ensurepip` module (none by default). Some Linux distribution packaging policies recommend against bundling dependencies. For example, Fedora installs wheel packages in the ``/usr/share/python-wheels/`` directory and don't install the :mod:`!ensurepip._bundled` package. .. versionadded:: 3.10 .. option:: --with-pkg-config=[check|yes|no] Whether configure should use :program:`pkg-config` to detect build dependencies. * ``check`` (default): :program:`pkg-config` is optional * ``yes``: :program:`pkg-config` is mandatory * ``no``: configure does not use :program:`pkg-config` even when present .. versionadded:: 3.11 .. option:: --enable-pystats Turn on internal Python performance statistics gathering. By default, statistics gathering is off. Use ``python3 -X pystats`` command or set ``PYTHONSTATS=1`` environment variable to turn on statistics gathering at Python startup. At Python exit, dump statistics if statistics gathering was on and not cleared. Effects: * Add :option:`-X pystats <-X>` command line option. * Add :envvar:`!PYTHONSTATS` environment variable. * Define the ``Py_STATS`` macro. * Add functions to the :mod:`sys` module: * :func:`!sys._stats_on`: Turns on statistics gathering. * :func:`!sys._stats_off`: Turns off statistics gathering. * :func:`!sys._stats_clear`: Clears the statistics. * :func:`!sys._stats_dump`: Dump statistics to file, and clears the statistics. The statistics will be dumped to a arbitrary (probably unique) file in ``/tmp/py_stats/`` (Unix) or ``C:\temp\py_stats\`` (Windows). If that directory does not exist, results will be printed on stderr. Use ``Tools/scripts/summarize_stats.py`` to read the stats. Statistics: * Opcode: * Specialization: success, failure, hit, deferred, miss, deopt, failures; * Execution count; * Pair count. * Call: * Inlined Python calls; * PyEval calls; * Frames pushed; * Frame object created; * Eval calls: vector, generator, legacy, function VECTORCALL, build class, slot, function "ex", API, method. * Object: * incref and decref; * interpreter incref and decref; * allocations: all, 512 bytes, 4 kiB, big; * free; * to/from free lists; * dictionary materialized/dematerialized; * type cache; * optimization attempts; * optimization traces created/executed; * uops executed. * Garbage collector: * Garbage collections; * Objects visited; * Objects collected. .. versionadded:: 3.11 .. _free-threading-build: .. option:: --disable-gil Enables support for running Python without the :term:`global interpreter lock` (GIL): :term:`free-threaded build`. Defines the ``Py_GIL_DISABLED`` macro and adds ``"t"`` to :data:`sys.abiflags`. See :ref:`whatsnew313-free-threaded-cpython` for more detail. .. versionadded:: 3.13 .. option:: --enable-experimental-jit=[no|yes|yes-off|interpreter] Indicate how to integrate the :ref:`experimental just-in-time compiler <whatsnew314-jit-compiler>`. * ``no``: Don't build the JIT. * ``yes``: Enable the JIT. To disable it at runtime, set the environment variable :envvar:`PYTHON_JIT=0 <PYTHON_JIT>`. * ``yes-off``: Build the JIT, but disable it by default. To enable it at runtime, set the environment variable :envvar:`PYTHON_JIT=1 <PYTHON_JIT>`. * ``interpreter``: Enable the "JIT interpreter" (only useful for those debugging the JIT itself). To disable it at runtime, set the environment variable :envvar:`PYTHON_JIT=0 <PYTHON_JIT>`. ``--enable-experimental-jit=no`` is the default behavior if the option is not provided, and ``--enable-experimental-jit`` is shorthand for ``--enable-experimental-jit=yes``. See :file:`Tools/jit/README.md` for more information, including how to install the necessary build-time dependencies. .. note:: When building CPython with JIT enabled, ensure that your system has Python 3.11 or later installed. .. versionadded:: 3.13 .. option:: PKG_CONFIG Path to ``pkg-config`` utility. .. option:: PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR .. option:: PKG_CONFIG_PATH ``pkg-config`` options. C compiler options ------------------ .. option:: CC C compiler command. .. option:: CFLAGS C compiler flags. .. option:: CPP C preprocessor command. .. option:: CPPFLAGS C preprocessor flags, e.g. :samp:`-I{include_dir}`. Linker options -------------- .. option:: LDFLAGS Linker flags, e.g. :samp:`-L{library_directory}`. .. option:: LIBS Libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. :samp:`-l{library}`. .. option:: MACHDEP Name for machine-dependent library files. .. _configure-options-for-dependencies: Options for third-party dependencies ------------------------------------ .. versionadded:: 3.11 .. option:: BZIP2_CFLAGS .. option:: BZIP2_LIBS C compiler and linker flags to link Python to ``libbz2``, used by :mod:`bz2` module, overriding ``pkg-config``. .. option:: CURSES_CFLAGS .. option:: CURSES_LIBS C compiler and linker flags for ``libncurses`` or ``libncursesw``, used by :mod:`curses` module, overriding ``pkg-config``. .. option:: GDBM_CFLAGS .. option:: GDBM_LIBS C compiler and linker flags for ``gdbm``. .. option:: LIBEDIT_CFLAGS .. option:: LIBEDIT_LIBS C compiler and linker flags for ``libedit``, used by :mod:`readline` module, overriding ``pkg-config``. .. option:: LIBFFI_CFLAGS .. option:: LIBFFI_LIBS C compiler and linker flags for ``libffi``, used by :mod:`ctypes` module, overriding ``pkg-config``. .. option:: LIBMPDEC_CFLAGS .. option:: LIBMPDEC_LIBS C compiler and linker flags for ``libmpdec``, used by :mod:`decimal` module, overriding ``pkg-config``. .. note:: These environment variables have no effect unless :option:`--with-system-libmpdec` is specified. .. option:: LIBLZMA_CFLAGS .. option:: LIBLZMA_LIBS C compiler and linker flags for ``liblzma``, used by :mod:`lzma` module, overriding ``pkg-config``. .. option:: LIBREADLINE_CFLAGS .. option:: LIBREADLINE_LIBS C compiler and linker flags for ``libreadline``, used by :mod:`readline` module, overriding ``pkg-config``. .. option:: LIBSQLITE3_CFLAGS .. option:: LIBSQLITE3_LIBS C compiler and linker flags for ``libsqlite3``, used by :mod:`sqlite3` module, overriding ``pkg-config``. .. option:: LIBUUID_CFLAGS .. option:: LIBUUID_LIBS C compiler and linker flags for ``libuuid``, used by :mod:`uuid` module, overriding ``pkg-config``. .. option:: LIBZSTD_CFLAGS .. option:: LIBZSTD_LIBS C compiler and linker flags for ``libzstd``, used by :mod:`compression.zstd` module, overriding ``pkg-config``. .. versionadded:: 3.14 .. option:: PANEL_CFLAGS .. option:: PANEL_LIBS C compiler and linker flags for PANEL, overriding ``pkg-config``. C compiler and linker flags for ``libpanel`` or ``libpanelw``, used by :mod:`curses.panel` module, overriding ``pkg-config``. .. option:: TCLTK_CFLAGS .. option:: TCLTK_LIBS C compiler and linker flags for TCLTK, overriding ``pkg-config``. .. option:: ZLIB_CFLAGS .. option:: ZLIB_LIBS C compiler and linker flags for ``libzlib``, used by :mod:`gzip` module, overriding ``pkg-config``. WebAssembly Options ------------------- .. option:: --enable-wasm-dynamic-linking Turn on dynamic linking support for WASM. Dynamic linking enables ``dlopen``. File size of the executable increases due to limited dead code elimination and additional features. .. versionadded:: 3.11 .. option:: --enable-wasm-pthreads Turn on pthreads support for WASM. .. versionadded:: 3.11 Install Options --------------- .. option:: --prefix=PREFIX Install architecture-independent files in PREFIX. On Unix, it defaults to :file:`/usr/local`. This value can be retrieved at runtime using :data:`sys.prefix`. As an example, one can use ``--prefix="$HOME/.local/"`` to install a Python in its home directory. .. option:: --exec-prefix=EPREFIX Install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX, defaults to :option:`--prefix`. This value can be retrieved at runtime using :data:`sys.exec_prefix`. .. option:: --disable-test-modules Don't build nor install test modules, like the :mod:`test` package or the :mod:`!_testcapi` extension module (built and installed by default). .. versionadded:: 3.10 .. option:: --with-ensurepip=[upgrade|install|no] Select the :mod:`ensurepip` command run on Python installation: * ``upgrade`` (default): run ``python -m ensurepip --altinstall --upgrade`` command. * ``install``: run ``python -m ensurepip --altinstall`` command; * ``no``: don't run ensurepip; .. versionadded:: 3.6 Performance options ------------------- Configuring Python using ``--enable-optimizations --with-lto`` (PGO + LTO) is recommended for best performance. The experimental ``--enable-bolt`` flag can also be used to improve performance. .. option:: --enable-optimizations Enable Profile Guided Optimization (PGO) using :envvar:`PROFILE_TASK` (disabled by default). The C compiler Clang requires ``llvm-profdata`` program for PGO. On macOS, GCC also requires it: GCC is just an alias to Clang on macOS. Disable also semantic interposition in libpython if ``--enable-shared`` and GCC is used: add ``-fno-semantic-interposition`` to the compiler and linker flags. .. note:: During the build, you may encounter compiler warnings about profile data not being available for some source files. These warnings are harmless, as only a subset of the code is exercised during profile data acquisition. To disable these warnings on Clang, manually suppress them by adding ``-Wno-profile-instr-unprofiled`` to :envvar:`CFLAGS`. .. versionadded:: 3.6 .. versionchanged:: 3.10 Use ``-fno-semantic-interposition`` on GCC. .. envvar:: PROFILE_TASK Environment variable used in the Makefile: Python command line arguments for the PGO generation task. Default: ``-m test --pgo --timeout=$(TESTTIMEOUT)``. .. versionadded:: 3.8 .. versionchanged:: 3.13 Task failure is no longer ignored silently. .. option:: --with-lto=[full|thin|no|yes] Enable Link Time Optimization (LTO) in any build (disabled by default). The C compiler Clang requires ``llvm-ar`` for LTO (``ar`` on macOS), as well as an LTO-aware linker (``ld.gold`` or ``lld``). .. versionadded:: 3.6 .. versionadded:: 3.11 To use ThinLTO feature, use ``--with-lto=thin`` on Clang. .. versionchanged:: 3.12 Use ThinLTO as the default optimization policy on Clang if the compiler accepts the flag. .. option:: --enable-bolt Enable usage of the `BOLT post-link binary optimizer <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/tree/main/bolt>`_ (disabled by default). BOLT is part of the LLVM project but is not always included in their binary distributions. This flag requires that ``llvm-bolt`` and ``merge-fdata`` are available. BOLT is still a fairly new project so this flag should be considered experimental for now. Because this tool operates on machine code its success is dependent on a combination of the build environment + the other optimization configure args + the CPU architecture, and not all combinations are supported. BOLT versions before LLVM 16 are known to crash BOLT under some scenarios. Use of LLVM 16 or newer for BOLT optimization is strongly encouraged. The :envvar:`!BOLT_INSTRUMENT_FLAGS` and :envvar:`!BOLT_APPLY_FLAGS` :program:`configure` variables can be defined to override the default set of arguments for :program:`llvm-bolt` to instrument and apply BOLT data to binaries, respectively. .. versionadded:: 3.12 .. option:: BOLT_APPLY_FLAGS Arguments to ``llvm-bolt`` when creating a `BOLT optimized binary <https://github.com/facebookarchive/BOLT>`_. .. versionadded:: 3.12 .. option:: BOLT_INSTRUMENT_FLAGS Arguments to ``llvm-bolt`` when instrumenting binaries. .. versionadded:: 3.12 .. option:: --with-computed-gotos Enable computed gotos in evaluation loop (enabled by default on supported compilers). .. option:: --with-tail-call-interp Enable interpreters using tail calls in CPython. If enabled, enabling PGO (:option:`--enable-optimizations`) is highly recommended. This option specifically requires a C compiler with proper tail call support, and the `preserve_none <https://clang.llvm.org/docs/AttributeReference.html#preserve-none>`_ calling convention. For example, Clang 19 and newer supports this feature. .. versionadded:: 3.14 .. option:: --without-mimalloc Disable the fast :ref:`mimalloc <mimalloc>` allocator (enabled by default). This option cannot be used together with :option:`--disable-gil` because the :term:`free-threaded <free threading>` build requires mimalloc. See also :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable. .. option:: --without-pymalloc Disable the specialized Python memory allocator :ref:`pymalloc <pymalloc>` (enabled by default). See also :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable. .. option:: --without-doc-strings Disable static documentation strings to reduce the memory footprint (enabled by default). Documentation strings defined in Python are not affected. Don't define the ``WITH_DOC_STRINGS`` macro. See the ``PyDoc_STRVAR()`` macro. .. option:: --enable-profiling Enable C-level code profiling with ``gprof`` (disabled by default). .. option:: --with-strict-overflow Add ``-fstrict-overflow`` to the C compiler flags (by default we add ``-fno-strict-overflow`` instead). .. option:: --without-remote-debug Deactivate remote debugging support described in :pep:`768` (enabled by default). When this flag is provided the code that allows the interpreter to schedule the execution of a Python file in a separate process as described in :pep:`768` is not compiled. This includes both the functionality to schedule code to be executed and the functionality to receive code to be executed. .. c:macro:: Py_REMOTE_DEBUG This macro is defined by default, unless Python is configured with :option:`--without-remote-debug`. Note that even if the macro is defined, remote debugging may not be available (for example, on an incompatible platform). .. versionadded:: 3.14 .. _debug-build: Python Debug Build ------------------ A debug build is Python built with the :option:`--with-pydebug` configure option. Effects of a debug build: * Display all warnings by default: the list of default warning filters is empty in the :mod:`warnings` module. * Add ``d`` to :data:`sys.abiflags`. * Add :func:`!sys.gettotalrefcount` function. * Add :option:`-X showrefcount <-X>` command line option. * Add :option:`-d` command line option and :envvar:`PYTHONDEBUG` environment variable to debug the parser. * Add support for the ``__lltrace__`` variable: enable low-level tracing in the bytecode evaluation loop if the variable is defined. * Install :ref:`debug hooks on memory allocators <default-memory-allocators>` to detect buffer overflow and other memory errors. * Define ``Py_DEBUG`` and ``Py_REF_DEBUG`` macros. * Add runtime checks: code surrounded by ``#ifdef Py_DEBUG`` and ``#endif``. Enable ``assert(...)`` and ``_PyObject_ASSERT(...)`` assertions: don't set the ``NDEBUG`` macro (see also the :option:`--with-assertions` configure option). Main runtime checks: * Add sanity checks on the function arguments. * Unicode and int objects are created with their memory filled with a pattern to detect usage of uninitialized objects. * Ensure that functions which can clear or replace the current exception are not called with an exception raised. * Check that deallocator functions don't change the current exception. * The garbage collector (:func:`gc.collect` function) runs some basic checks on objects consistency. * The :c:macro:`!Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST()` macro checks for integer underflow and overflow when downcasting from wide types to narrow types. See also the :ref:`Python Development Mode <devmode>` and the :option:`--with-trace-refs` configure option. .. versionchanged:: 3.8 Release builds are now ABI compatible with debug builds: defining the ``Py_DEBUG`` macro no longer implies the ``Py_TRACE_REFS`` macro (see the :option:`--with-trace-refs` option). However, debug builds still expose more symbols than release builds and code built against a debug build is not necessarily compatible with a release build. Debug options ------------- .. option:: --with-pydebug :ref:`Build Python in debug mode <debug-build>`: define the ``Py_DEBUG`` macro (disabled by default). .. option:: --with-trace-refs Enable tracing references for debugging purpose (disabled by default). Effects: * Define the ``Py_TRACE_REFS`` macro. * Add :func:`sys.getobjects` function. * Add :envvar:`PYTHONDUMPREFS` environment variable. The :envvar:`PYTHONDUMPREFS` environment variable can be used to dump objects and reference counts still alive at Python exit. :ref:`Statically allocated objects <static-types>` are not traced. .. versionadded:: 3.8 .. versionchanged:: 3.13 This build is now ABI compatible with release build and :ref:`debug build <debug-build>`. .. option:: --with-assertions Build with C assertions enabled (default is no): ``assert(...);`` and ``_PyObject_ASSERT(...);``. If set, the ``NDEBUG`` macro is not defined in the :envvar:`OPT` compiler variable. See also the :option:`--with-pydebug` option (:ref:`debug build <debug-build>`) which also enables assertions. .. versionadded:: 3.6 .. option:: --with-valgrind Enable Valgrind support (default is no). .. option:: --with-dtrace Enable DTrace support (default is no). See :ref:`Instrumenting CPython with DTrace and SystemTap <instrumentation>`. .. versionadded:: 3.6 .. option:: --with-address-sanitizer Enable AddressSanitizer memory error detector, ``asan`` (default is no). To improve ASan detection capabilities you may also want to combine this with :option:`--without-pymalloc` to disable the specialized small-object allocator whose allocations are not tracked by ASan. .. versionadded:: 3.6 .. option:: --with-memory-sanitizer Enable MemorySanitizer allocation error detector, ``msan`` (default is no). .. versionadded:: 3.6 .. option:: --with-undefined-behavior-sanitizer Enable UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer undefined behaviour detector, ``ubsan`` (default is no). .. versionadded:: 3.6 .. option:: --with-thread-sanitizer Enable ThreadSanitizer data race detector, ``tsan`` (default is no). .. versionadded:: 3.13 Linker options -------------- .. option:: --enable-shared Enable building a shared Python library: ``libpython`` (default is no). .. option:: --without-static-libpython Do not build ``libpythonMAJOR.MINOR.a`` and do not install ``python.o`` (built and enabled by default). .. versionadded:: 3.10 Libraries options ----------------- .. option:: --with-libs='lib1 ...' Link against additional libraries (default is no). .. option:: --with-system-expat Build the :mod:`!pyexpat` module using an installed ``expat`` library (default is no). .. option:: --with-system-libmpdec Build the ``_decimal`` extension module using an installed ``mpdecimal`` library, see the :mod:`decimal` module (default is yes). .. versionadded:: 3.3 .. versionchanged:: 3.13 Default to using the installed ``mpdecimal`` library. .. versionchanged:: 3.15 A bundled copy of the library will no longer be selected implicitly if an installed ``mpdecimal`` library is not found. In Python 3.15 only, it can still be selected explicitly using ``--with-system-libmpdec=no`` or ``--without-system-libmpdec``. .. deprecated-removed:: 3.13 3.16 A copy of the ``mpdecimal`` library sources will no longer be distributed with Python 3.16. .. seealso:: :option:`LIBMPDEC_CFLAGS` and :option:`LIBMPDEC_LIBS`. .. option:: --with-readline=readline|editline Designate a backend library for the :mod:`readline` module. * readline: Use readline as the backend. * editline: Use editline as the backend. .. versionadded:: 3.10 .. option:: --without-readline Don't build the :mod:`readline` module (built by default). Don't define the ``HAVE_LIBREADLINE`` macro. .. versionadded:: 3.10 .. option:: --with-libm=STRING Override ``libm`` math library to *STRING* (default is system-dependent). .. option:: --with-libc=STRING Override ``libc`` C library to *STRING* (default is system-dependent). .. option:: --with-openssl=DIR Root of the OpenSSL directory. .. versionadded:: 3.7 .. option:: --with-openssl-rpath=[no|auto|DIR] Set runtime library directory (rpath) for OpenSSL libraries: * ``no`` (default): don't set rpath; * ``auto``: auto-detect rpath from :option:`--with-openssl` and ``pkg-config``; * *DIR*: set an explicit rpath. .. versionadded:: 3.10 Security Options ---------------- .. option:: --with-hash-algorithm=[fnv|siphash13|siphash24] Select hash algorithm for use in ``Python/pyhash.c``: * ``siphash13`` (default); * ``siphash24``; * ``fnv``. .. versionadded:: 3.4 .. versionadded:: 3.11 ``siphash13`` is added and it is the new default. .. option:: --with-builtin-hashlib-hashes=md5,sha1,sha256,sha512,sha3,blake2 Built-in hash modules: * ``md5``; * ``sha1``; * ``sha256``; * ``sha512``; * ``sha3`` (with shake); * ``blake2``. .. versionadded:: 3.9 .. option:: --with-ssl-default-suites=[python|openssl|STRING] Override the OpenSSL default cipher suites string: * ``python`` (default): use Python's preferred selection; * ``openssl``: leave OpenSSL's defaults untouched; * *STRING*: use a custom string See the :mod:`ssl` module. .. versionadded:: 3.7 .. versionchanged:: 3.10 The settings ``python`` and *STRING* also set TLS 1.2 as minimum protocol version. .. option:: --disable-safety Disable compiler options that are `recommended by OpenSSF`_ for security reasons with no performance overhead. If this option is not enabled, CPython will be built based on safety compiler options with no slow down. When this option is enabled, CPython will not be built with the compiler options listed below. The following compiler options are disabled with :option:`!--disable-safety`: * `-fstack-protector-strong`_: Enable run-time checks for stack-based buffer overflows. * `-Wtrampolines`_: Enable warnings about trampolines that require executable stacks. .. _recommended by OpenSSF: https://github.com/ossf/wg-best-practices-os-developers/blob/main/docs/Compiler-Hardening-Guides/Compiler-Options-Hardening-Guide-for-C-and-C++.md .. _-fstack-protector-strong: https://github.com/ossf/wg-best-practices-os-developers/blob/main/docs/Compiler-Hardening-Guides/Compiler-Options-Hardening-Guide-for-C-and-C++.md#enable-run-time-checks-for-stack-based-buffer-overflows .. _-Wtrampolines: https://github.com/ossf/wg-best-practices-os-developers/blob/main/docs/Compiler-Hardening-Guides/Compiler-Options-Hardening-Guide-for-C-and-C++.md#enable-warning-about-trampolines-that-require-executable-stacks .. versionadded:: 3.14 .. option:: --enable-slower-safety Enable compiler options that are `recommended by OpenSSF`_ for security reasons which require overhead. If this option is not enabled, CPython will not be built based on safety compiler options which performance impact. When this option is enabled, CPython will be built with the compiler options listed below. The following compiler options are enabled with :option:`!--enable-slower-safety`: * `-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3`_: Fortify sources with compile- and run-time checks for unsafe libc usage and buffer overflows. .. _-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3: https://github.com/ossf/wg-best-practices-os-developers/blob/main/docs/Compiler-Hardening-Guides/Compiler-Options-Hardening-Guide-for-C-and-C++.md#fortify-sources-for-unsafe-libc-usage-and-buffer-overflows .. versionadded:: 3.14 macOS Options ------------- See :source:`Mac/README.rst`. .. option:: --enable-universalsdk .. option:: --enable-universalsdk=SDKDIR Create a universal binary build. *SDKDIR* specifies which macOS SDK should be used to perform the build (default is no). .. option:: --enable-framework .. option:: --enable-framework=INSTALLDIR Create a Python.framework rather than a traditional Unix install. Optional *INSTALLDIR* specifies the installation path (default is no). .. option:: --with-universal-archs=ARCH Specify the kind of universal binary that should be created. This option is only valid when :option:`--enable-universalsdk` is set. Options: * ``universal2`` (x86-64 and arm64); * ``32-bit`` (PPC and i386); * ``64-bit`` (PPC64 and x86-64); * ``3-way`` (i386, PPC and x86-64); * ``intel`` (i386 and x86-64); * ``intel-32`` (i386); * ``intel-64`` (x86-64); * ``all`` (PPC, i386, PPC64 and x86-64). Note that values for this configuration item are *not* the same as the identifiers used for universal binary wheels on macOS. See the Python Packaging User Guide for details on the `packaging platform compatibility tags used on macOS <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/platform-compatibility-tags/#macos>`_ .. option:: --with-framework-name=FRAMEWORK Specify the name for the python framework on macOS only valid when :option:`--enable-framework` is set (default: ``Python``). .. option:: --with-app-store-compliance .. option:: --with-app-store-compliance=PATCH-FILE The Python standard library contains strings that are known to trigger automated inspection tool errors when submitted for distribution by the macOS and iOS App Stores. If enabled, this option will apply the list of patches that are known to correct app store compliance. A custom patch file can also be specified. This option is disabled by default. .. versionadded:: 3.13 iOS Options ----------- See :source:`iOS/README.rst`. .. option:: --enable-framework=INSTALLDIR Create a Python.framework. Unlike macOS, the *INSTALLDIR* argument specifying the installation path is mandatory. .. option:: --with-framework-name=FRAMEWORK Specify the name for the framework (default: ``Python``). Cross Compiling Options ----------------------- Cross compiling, also known as cross building, can be used to build Python for another CPU architecture or platform. Cross compiling requires a Python interpreter for the build platform. The version of the build Python must match the version of the cross compiled host Python. .. option:: --build=BUILD configure for building on BUILD, usually guessed by :program:`config.guess`. .. option:: --host=HOST cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST (target platform) .. option:: --with-build-python=path/to/python path to build ``python`` binary for cross compiling .. versionadded:: 3.11 .. option:: CONFIG_SITE=file An environment variable that points to a file with configure overrides. Example *config.site* file: .. code-block:: ini # config.site-aarch64 ac_cv_buggy_getaddrinfo=no ac_cv_file__dev_ptmx=yes ac_cv_file__dev_ptc=no .. option:: HOSTRUNNER Program to run CPython for the host platform for cross-compilation. .. versionadded:: 3.11 Cross compiling example:: CONFIG_SITE=config.site-aarch64 ../configure \ --build=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu \ --host=aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu \ --with-build-python=../x86_64/python Python Build System =================== Main files of the build system ------------------------------ * :file:`configure.ac` => :file:`configure`; * :file:`Makefile.pre.in` => :file:`Makefile` (created by :file:`configure`); * :file:`pyconfig.h` (created by :file:`configure`); * :file:`Modules/Setup`: C extensions built by the Makefile using :file:`Module/makesetup` shell script; Main build steps ---------------- * C files (``.c``) are built as object files (``.o``). * A static ``libpython`` library (``.a``) is created from objects files. * ``python.o`` and the static ``libpython`` library are linked into the final ``python`` program. * C extensions are built by the Makefile (see :file:`Modules/Setup`). Main Makefile targets --------------------- make ^^^^ For the most part, when rebuilding after editing some code or refreshing your checkout from upstream, all you need to do is execute ``make``, which (per Make's semantics) builds the default target, the first one defined in the Makefile. By tradition (including in the CPython project) this is usually the ``all`` target. The ``configure`` script expands an ``autoconf`` variable, ``@DEF_MAKE_ALL_RULE@`` to describe precisely which targets ``make all`` will build. The three choices are: * ``profile-opt`` (configured with ``--enable-optimizations``) * ``build_wasm`` (chosen if the host platform matches ``wasm32-wasi*`` or ``wasm32-emscripten``) * ``build_all`` (configured without explicitly using either of the others) Depending on the most recent source file changes, Make will rebuild any targets (object files and executables) deemed out-of-date, including running ``configure`` again if necessary. Source/target dependencies are many and maintained manually however, so Make sometimes doesn't have all the information necessary to correctly detect all targets which need to be rebuilt. Depending on which targets aren't rebuilt, you might experience a number of problems. If you have build or test problems which you can't otherwise explain, ``make clean && make`` should work around most dependency problems, at the expense of longer build times. make platform ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Build the ``python`` program, but don't build the standard library extension modules. This generates a file named ``platform`` which contains a single line describing the details of the build platform, e.g., ``macosx-14.3-arm64-3.12`` or ``linux-x86_64-3.13``. make profile-opt ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Build Python using profile-guided optimization (PGO). You can use the configure :option:`--enable-optimizations` option to make this the default target of the ``make`` command (``make all`` or just ``make``). make clean ^^^^^^^^^^ Remove built files. make distclean ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ In addition to the work done by ``make clean``, remove files created by the configure script. ``configure`` will have to be run before building again. [#]_ make install ^^^^^^^^^^^^ Build the ``all`` target and install Python. make test ^^^^^^^^^ Build the ``all`` target and run the Python test suite with the ``--fast-ci`` option without GUI tests. Variables: * ``TESTOPTS``: additional regrtest command-line options. * ``TESTPYTHONOPTS``: additional Python command-line options. * ``TESTTIMEOUT``: timeout in seconds (default: 10 minutes). make ci ^^^^^^^ This is similar to ``make test``, but uses the ``-ugui`` to also run GUI tests. .. versionadded:: 3.14 make buildbottest ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ This is similar to ``make test``, but uses the ``--slow-ci`` option and default timeout of 20 minutes, instead of ``--fast-ci`` option. make regen-all ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Regenerate (almost) all generated files. These include (but are not limited to) bytecode cases, and parser generator file. ``make regen-stdlib-module-names`` and ``autoconf`` must be run separately for the remaining `generated files <#generated-files>`_. C extensions ------------ Some C extensions are built as built-in modules, like the ``sys`` module. They are built with the ``Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN`` macro defined. Built-in modules have no ``__file__`` attribute: .. code-block:: pycon >>> import sys >>> sys <module 'sys' (built-in)> >>> sys.__file__ Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> AttributeError: module 'sys' has no attribute '__file__' Other C extensions are built as dynamic libraries, like the ``_asyncio`` module. They are built with the ``Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE`` macro defined. Example on Linux x86-64: .. code-block:: pycon >>> import _asyncio >>> _asyncio <module '_asyncio' from '/usr/lib64/python3.9/lib-dynload/_asyncio.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'> >>> _asyncio.__file__ '/usr/lib64/python3.9/lib-dynload/_asyncio.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so' :file:`Modules/Setup` is used to generate Makefile targets to build C extensions. At the beginning of the files, C extensions are built as built-in modules. Extensions defined after the ``*shared*`` marker are built as dynamic libraries. The :c:macro:`!PyAPI_FUNC()`, :c:macro:`!PyAPI_DATA()` and :c:macro:`PyMODINIT_FUNC` macros of :file:`Include/exports.h` are defined differently depending if the ``Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE`` macro is defined: * Use ``Py_EXPORTED_SYMBOL`` if the ``Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE`` is defined * Use ``Py_IMPORTED_SYMBOL`` otherwise. If the ``Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN`` macro is used by mistake on a C extension built as a shared library, its :samp:`PyInit_{xxx}()` function is not exported, causing an :exc:`ImportError` on import. Compiler and linker flags ========================= Options set by the ``./configure`` script and environment variables and used by ``Makefile``. Preprocessor flags ------------------ .. envvar:: CONFIGURE_CPPFLAGS Value of :envvar:`CPPFLAGS` variable passed to the ``./configure`` script. .. versionadded:: 3.6 .. envvar:: CPPFLAGS (Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. :samp:`-I{include_dir}` if you have headers in a nonstandard directory *include_dir*. Both :envvar:`CPPFLAGS` and :envvar:`LDFLAGS` need to contain the shell's value to be able to build extension modules using the directories specified in the environment variables. .. envvar:: BASECPPFLAGS .. versionadded:: 3.4 .. envvar:: PY_CPPFLAGS Extra preprocessor flags added for building the interpreter object files. Default: ``$(BASECPPFLAGS) -I. -I$(srcdir)/Include $(CONFIGURE_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS)``. .. versionadded:: 3.2 Compiler flags -------------- .. envvar:: CC C compiler command. Example: ``gcc -pthread``. .. envvar:: CXX C++ compiler command. Example: ``g++ -pthread``. .. envvar:: CFLAGS C compiler flags. .. envvar:: CFLAGS_NODIST :envvar:`CFLAGS_NODIST` is used for building the interpreter and stdlib C extensions. Use it when a compiler flag should *not* be part of :envvar:`CFLAGS` once Python is installed (:gh:`65320`). In particular, :envvar:`CFLAGS` should not contain: * the compiler flag ``-I`` (for setting the search path for include files). The ``-I`` flags are processed from left to right, and any flags in :envvar:`CFLAGS` would take precedence over user- and package-supplied ``-I`` flags. * hardening flags such as ``-Werror`` because distributions cannot control whether packages installed by users conform to such heightened standards. .. versionadded:: 3.5 .. envvar:: COMPILEALL_OPTS Options passed to the :mod:`compileall` command line when building PYC files in ``make install``. Default: ``-j0``. .. versionadded:: 3.12 .. envvar:: EXTRA_CFLAGS Extra C compiler flags. .. envvar:: CONFIGURE_CFLAGS Value of :envvar:`CFLAGS` variable passed to the ``./configure`` script. .. versionadded:: 3.2 .. envvar:: CONFIGURE_CFLAGS_NODIST Value of :envvar:`CFLAGS_NODIST` variable passed to the ``./configure`` script. .. versionadded:: 3.5 .. envvar:: BASECFLAGS Base compiler flags. .. envvar:: OPT Optimization flags. .. envvar:: CFLAGS_ALIASING Strict or non-strict aliasing flags used to compile ``Python/dtoa.c``. .. versionadded:: 3.7 .. envvar:: CCSHARED Compiler flags used to build a shared library. For example, ``-fPIC`` is used on Linux and on BSD. .. envvar:: CFLAGSFORSHARED Extra C flags added for building the interpreter object files. Default: ``$(CCSHARED)`` when :option:`--enable-shared` is used, or an empty string otherwise. .. envvar:: PY_CFLAGS Default: ``$(BASECFLAGS) $(OPT) $(CONFIGURE_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(EXTRA_CFLAGS)``. .. envvar:: PY_CFLAGS_NODIST Default: ``$(CONFIGURE_CFLAGS_NODIST) $(CFLAGS_NODIST) -I$(srcdir)/Include/internal``. .. versionadded:: 3.5 .. envvar:: PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS C flags used for building the interpreter object files. Default: ``$(PY_CFLAGS) $(PY_CFLAGS_NODIST) $(PY_CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGSFORSHARED)``. .. versionadded:: 3.7 .. envvar:: PY_CORE_CFLAGS Default: ``$(PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS) -DPy_BUILD_CORE``. .. versionadded:: 3.2 .. envvar:: PY_BUILTIN_MODULE_CFLAGS Compiler flags to build a standard library extension module as a built-in module, like the :mod:`posix` module. Default: ``$(PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS) -DPy_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN``. .. versionadded:: 3.8 .. envvar:: PURIFY Purify command. Purify is a memory debugger program. Default: empty string (not used). Linker flags ------------ .. envvar:: LINKCC Linker command used to build programs like ``python`` and ``_testembed``. Default: ``$(PURIFY) $(CC)``. .. envvar:: CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS Value of :envvar:`LDFLAGS` variable passed to the ``./configure`` script. Avoid assigning :envvar:`CFLAGS`, :envvar:`LDFLAGS`, etc. so users can use them on the command line to append to these values without stomping the pre-set values. .. versionadded:: 3.2 .. envvar:: LDFLAGS_NODIST :envvar:`LDFLAGS_NODIST` is used in the same manner as :envvar:`CFLAGS_NODIST`. Use it when a linker flag should *not* be part of :envvar:`LDFLAGS` once Python is installed (:gh:`65320`). In particular, :envvar:`LDFLAGS` should not contain: * the compiler flag ``-L`` (for setting the search path for libraries). The ``-L`` flags are processed from left to right, and any flags in :envvar:`LDFLAGS` would take precedence over user- and package-supplied ``-L`` flags. .. envvar:: CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS_NODIST Value of :envvar:`LDFLAGS_NODIST` variable passed to the ``./configure`` script. .. versionadded:: 3.8 .. envvar:: LDFLAGS Linker flags, e.g. :samp:`-L{lib_dir}` if you have libraries in a nonstandard directory *lib_dir*. Both :envvar:`CPPFLAGS` and :envvar:`LDFLAGS` need to contain the shell's value to be able to build extension modules using the directories specified in the environment variables. .. envvar:: LIBS Linker flags to pass libraries to the linker when linking the Python executable. Example: ``-lrt``. .. envvar:: LDSHARED Command to build a shared library. Default: ``@LDSHARED@ $(PY_LDFLAGS)``. .. envvar:: BLDSHARED Command to build ``libpython`` shared library. Default: ``@BLDSHARED@ $(PY_CORE_LDFLAGS)``. .. envvar:: PY_LDFLAGS Default: ``$(CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)``. .. envvar:: PY_LDFLAGS_NODIST Default: ``$(CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS_NODIST) $(LDFLAGS_NODIST)``. .. versionadded:: 3.8 .. envvar:: PY_CORE_LDFLAGS Linker flags used for building the interpreter object files. .. versionadded:: 3.8 .. rubric:: Footnotes .. [#] ``git clean -fdx`` is an even more extreme way to "clean" your checkout. It removes all files not known to Git. When bug hunting using ``git bisect``, this is `recommended between probes <https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/114505#issuecomment-1907021718>`_ to guarantee a completely clean build. **Use with care**, as it will delete all files not checked into Git, including your new, uncommitted work.