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v3.13.13
Doc/library/trace.rst
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Stan Ulbrych
[3.13] Fix typos and grammar errors across documentation (GH-144709) (#144804)
17 фев 2026, 15:56
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17 фев 2026, 15:56
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:mod:`!trace` --- Trace or track Python statement execution =========================================================== .. module:: trace :synopsis: Trace or track Python statement execution. **Source code:** :source:`Lib/trace.py` -------------- The :mod:`trace` module allows you to trace program execution, generate annotated statement coverage listings, print caller/callee relationships and list functions executed during a program run. It can be used in another program or from the command line. .. seealso:: `Coverage.py <https://coverage.readthedocs.io/>`_ A popular third-party coverage tool that provides HTML output along with advanced features such as branch coverage. .. _trace-cli: Command-Line Usage ------------------ The :mod:`trace` module can be invoked from the command line. It can be as simple as :: python -m trace --count -C . somefile.py ... The above will execute :file:`somefile.py` and generate annotated listings of all Python modules imported during the execution into the current directory. .. program:: trace .. option:: --help Display usage and exit. .. option:: --version Display the version of the module and exit. .. versionadded:: 3.8 Added ``--module`` option that allows running an executable module. Main options ^^^^^^^^^^^^ At least one of the following options must be specified when invoking :mod:`trace`. The :option:`--listfuncs <-l>` option is mutually exclusive with the :option:`--trace <-t>` and :option:`--count <-c>` options. When :option:`--listfuncs <-l>` is provided, neither :option:`--count <-c>` nor :option:`--trace <-t>` are accepted, and vice versa. .. program:: trace .. option:: -c, --count Produce a set of annotated listing files upon program completion that shows how many times each statement was executed. See also :option:`--coverdir <-C>`, :option:`--file <-f>` and :option:`--no-report <-R>` below. .. option:: -t, --trace Display lines as they are executed. .. option:: -l, --listfuncs Display the functions executed by running the program. .. option:: -r, --report Produce an annotated list from an earlier program run that used the :option:`--count <-c>` and :option:`--file <-f>` option. This does not execute any code. .. option:: -T, --trackcalls Display the calling relationships exposed by running the program. Modifiers ^^^^^^^^^ .. program:: trace .. option:: -f, --file=<file> Name of a file to accumulate counts over several tracing runs. Should be used with the :option:`--count <-c>` option. .. option:: -C, --coverdir=<dir> Directory where the report files go. The coverage report for ``package.module`` is written to file :file:`{dir}/{package}/{module}.cover`. .. option:: -m, --missing When generating annotated listings, mark lines which were not executed with ``>>>>>>``. .. option:: -s, --summary When using :option:`--count <-c>` or :option:`--report <-r>`, write a brief summary to stdout for each file processed. .. option:: -R, --no-report Do not generate annotated listings. This is useful if you intend to make several runs with :option:`--count <-c>`, and then produce a single set of annotated listings at the end. .. option:: -g, --timing Prefix each line with the time since the program started. Only used while tracing. Filters ^^^^^^^ These options may be repeated multiple times. .. program:: trace .. option:: --ignore-module=<mod> Ignore each of the given module names and its submodules (if it is a package). The argument can be a list of names separated by a comma. .. option:: --ignore-dir=<dir> Ignore all modules and packages in the named directory and subdirectories. The argument can be a list of directories separated by :data:`os.pathsep`. .. _trace-api: Programmatic Interface ---------------------- .. class:: Trace(count=1, trace=1, countfuncs=0, countcallers=0, ignoremods=(),\ ignoredirs=(), infile=None, outfile=None, timing=False) Create an object to trace execution of a single statement or expression. All parameters are optional. *count* enables counting of line numbers. *trace* enables line execution tracing. *countfuncs* enables listing of the functions called during the run. *countcallers* enables call relationship tracking. *ignoremods* is a list of modules or packages to ignore. *ignoredirs* is a list of directories whose modules or packages should be ignored. *infile* is the name of the file from which to read stored count information. *outfile* is the name of the file in which to write updated count information. *timing* enables a timestamp relative to when tracing was started to be displayed. .. method:: run(cmd) Execute the command and gather statistics from the execution with the current tracing parameters. *cmd* must be a string or code object, suitable for passing into :func:`exec`. .. method:: runctx(cmd, globals=None, locals=None) Execute the command and gather statistics from the execution with the current tracing parameters, in the defined global and local environments. If not defined, *globals* and *locals* default to empty dictionaries. .. method:: runfunc(func, /, *args, **kwds) Call *func* with the given arguments under control of the :class:`Trace` object with the current tracing parameters. .. method:: results() Return a :class:`CoverageResults` object that contains the cumulative results of all previous calls to ``run``, ``runctx`` and ``runfunc`` for the given :class:`Trace` instance. Does not reset the accumulated trace results. .. class:: CoverageResults A container for coverage results, created by :meth:`Trace.results`. Should not be created directly by the user. .. method:: update(other) Merge in data from another :class:`CoverageResults` object. .. method:: write_results(show_missing=True, summary=False, coverdir=None,\ *, ignore_missing_files=False) Write coverage results. Set *show_missing* to show lines that had no hits. Set *summary* to include in the output the coverage summary per module. *coverdir* specifies the directory into which the coverage result files will be output. If ``None``, the results for each source file are placed in its directory. If *ignore_missing_files* is ``True``, coverage counts for files that no longer exist are silently ignored. Otherwise, a missing file will raise a :exc:`FileNotFoundError`. .. versionchanged:: 3.13 Added *ignore_missing_files* parameter. A simple example demonstrating the use of the programmatic interface:: import sys import trace # create a Trace object, telling it what to ignore, and whether to # do tracing or line-counting or both. tracer = trace.Trace( ignoredirs=[sys.prefix, sys.exec_prefix], trace=0, count=1) # run the new command using the given tracer tracer.run('main()') # make a report, placing output in the current directory r = tracer.results() r.write_results(show_missing=True, coverdir=".")