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Doc/c-api/datetime.rst
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Kumar Aditya
add whatsnew entry for `PyUnstable_SetImmortal` and `PyDatetime_IMPORT` (#144830)
15 фев 2026, 17:51
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15 фев 2026, 17:51
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.. highlight:: c .. _datetimeobjects: DateTime Objects ---------------- Various date and time objects are supplied by the :mod:`datetime` module. Before using any of these functions, the header file :file:`datetime.h` must be included in your source (note that this is not included by :file:`Python.h`), and the macro :c:macro:`PyDateTime_IMPORT` must be invoked, usually as part of the module initialisation function. The macro puts a pointer to a C structure into a static variable, :c:data:`PyDateTimeAPI`, that is used by the following macros. .. c:macro:: PyDateTime_IMPORT() Import the datetime C API. On success, populate the :c:var:`PyDateTimeAPI` pointer. On failure, set :c:var:`PyDateTimeAPI` to ``NULL`` and set an exception. The caller must check if an error occurred via :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred`: .. code-block:: PyDateTime_IMPORT; if (PyErr_Occurred()) { /* cleanup */ } .. warning:: This is not compatible with subinterpreters. .. versionchanged:: 3.15 This macro is now thread safe. .. c:type:: PyDateTime_CAPI Structure containing the fields for the datetime C API. The fields of this structure are private and subject to change. Do not use this directly; prefer ``PyDateTime_*`` APIs instead. .. c:var:: PyDateTime_CAPI *PyDateTimeAPI Dynamically allocated object containing the datetime C API. This variable is only available once :c:macro:`PyDateTime_IMPORT` succeeds. .. versionchanged:: 3.15 This variable should not be accessed directly as direct access is not thread-safe. Use :c:func:`PyDateTime_IMPORT` instead. .. c:type:: PyDateTime_Date This subtype of :c:type:`PyObject` represents a Python date object. .. c:type:: PyDateTime_DateTime This subtype of :c:type:`PyObject` represents a Python datetime object. .. c:type:: PyDateTime_Time This subtype of :c:type:`PyObject` represents a Python time object. .. c:type:: PyDateTime_Delta This subtype of :c:type:`PyObject` represents the difference between two datetime values. .. c:var:: PyTypeObject PyDateTime_DateType This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python date type; it is the same object as :class:`datetime.date` in the Python layer. .. c:var:: PyTypeObject PyDateTime_DateTimeType This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python datetime type; it is the same object as :class:`datetime.datetime` in the Python layer. .. c:var:: PyTypeObject PyDateTime_TimeType This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python time type; it is the same object as :class:`datetime.time` in the Python layer. .. c:var:: PyTypeObject PyDateTime_DeltaType This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python type for the difference between two datetime values; it is the same object as :class:`datetime.timedelta` in the Python layer. .. c:var:: PyTypeObject PyDateTime_TZInfoType This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python time zone info type; it is the same object as :class:`datetime.tzinfo` in the Python layer. Macro for access to the UTC singleton: .. c:var:: PyObject* PyDateTime_TimeZone_UTC Returns the time zone singleton representing UTC, the same object as :attr:`datetime.timezone.utc`. .. versionadded:: 3.7 Type-check macros: .. c:function:: int PyDate_Check(PyObject *ob) Return true if *ob* is of type :c:data:`PyDateTime_DateType` or a subtype of :c:data:`!PyDateTime_DateType`. *ob* must not be ``NULL``. This function always succeeds. .. c:function:: int PyDate_CheckExact(PyObject *ob) Return true if *ob* is of type :c:data:`PyDateTime_DateType`. *ob* must not be ``NULL``. This function always succeeds. .. c:function:: int PyDateTime_Check(PyObject *ob) Return true if *ob* is of type :c:data:`PyDateTime_DateTimeType` or a subtype of :c:data:`!PyDateTime_DateTimeType`. *ob* must not be ``NULL``. This function always succeeds. .. c:function:: int PyDateTime_CheckExact(PyObject *ob) Return true if *ob* is of type :c:data:`PyDateTime_DateTimeType`. *ob* must not be ``NULL``. This function always succeeds. .. c:function:: int PyTime_Check(PyObject *ob) Return true if *ob* is of type :c:data:`PyDateTime_TimeType` or a subtype of :c:data:`!PyDateTime_TimeType`. *ob* must not be ``NULL``. This function always succeeds. .. c:function:: int PyTime_CheckExact(PyObject *ob) Return true if *ob* is of type :c:data:`PyDateTime_TimeType`. *ob* must not be ``NULL``. This function always succeeds. .. c:function:: int PyDelta_Check(PyObject *ob) Return true if *ob* is of type :c:data:`PyDateTime_DeltaType` or a subtype of :c:data:`!PyDateTime_DeltaType`. *ob* must not be ``NULL``. This function always succeeds. .. c:function:: int PyDelta_CheckExact(PyObject *ob) Return true if *ob* is of type :c:data:`PyDateTime_DeltaType`. *ob* must not be ``NULL``. This function always succeeds. .. c:function:: int PyTZInfo_Check(PyObject *ob) Return true if *ob* is of type :c:data:`PyDateTime_TZInfoType` or a subtype of :c:data:`!PyDateTime_TZInfoType`. *ob* must not be ``NULL``. This function always succeeds. .. c:function:: int PyTZInfo_CheckExact(PyObject *ob) Return true if *ob* is of type :c:data:`PyDateTime_TZInfoType`. *ob* must not be ``NULL``. This function always succeeds. Macros to create objects: .. c:function:: PyObject* PyDate_FromDate(int year, int month, int day) Return a :class:`datetime.date` object with the specified year, month and day. .. c:function:: PyObject* PyDateTime_FromDateAndTime(int year, int month, int day, int hour, int minute, int second, int usecond) Return a :class:`datetime.datetime` object with the specified year, month, day, hour, minute, second and microsecond. .. c:function:: PyObject* PyDateTime_FromDateAndTimeAndFold(int year, int month, int day, int hour, int minute, int second, int usecond, int fold) Return a :class:`datetime.datetime` object with the specified year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond and fold. .. versionadded:: 3.6 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyTime_FromTime(int hour, int minute, int second, int usecond) Return a :class:`datetime.time` object with the specified hour, minute, second and microsecond. .. c:function:: PyObject* PyTime_FromTimeAndFold(int hour, int minute, int second, int usecond, int fold) Return a :class:`datetime.time` object with the specified hour, minute, second, microsecond and fold. .. versionadded:: 3.6 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyDelta_FromDSU(int days, int seconds, int useconds) Return a :class:`datetime.timedelta` object representing the given number of days, seconds and microseconds. Normalization is performed so that the resulting number of microseconds and seconds lie in the ranges documented for :class:`datetime.timedelta` objects. .. c:function:: PyObject* PyTimeZone_FromOffset(PyObject *offset) Return a :class:`datetime.timezone` object with an unnamed fixed offset represented by the *offset* argument. .. versionadded:: 3.7 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyTimeZone_FromOffsetAndName(PyObject *offset, PyObject *name) Return a :class:`datetime.timezone` object with a fixed offset represented by the *offset* argument and with tzname *name*. .. versionadded:: 3.7 Macros to extract fields from date objects. The argument must be an instance of :c:type:`PyDateTime_Date`, including subclasses (such as :c:type:`PyDateTime_DateTime`). The argument must not be ``NULL``, and the type is not checked: .. c:function:: int PyDateTime_GET_YEAR(PyDateTime_Date *o) Return the year, as a positive int. .. c:function:: int PyDateTime_GET_MONTH(PyDateTime_Date *o) Return the month, as an int from 1 through 12. .. c:function:: int PyDateTime_GET_DAY(PyDateTime_Date *o) Return the day, as an int from 1 through 31. Macros to extract fields from datetime objects. The argument must be an instance of :c:type:`PyDateTime_DateTime`, including subclasses. The argument must not be ``NULL``, and the type is not checked: .. c:function:: int PyDateTime_DATE_GET_HOUR(PyDateTime_DateTime *o) Return the hour, as an int from 0 through 23. .. c:function:: int PyDateTime_DATE_GET_MINUTE(PyDateTime_DateTime *o) Return the minute, as an int from 0 through 59. .. c:function:: int PyDateTime_DATE_GET_SECOND(PyDateTime_DateTime *o) Return the second, as an int from 0 through 59. .. c:function:: int PyDateTime_DATE_GET_MICROSECOND(PyDateTime_DateTime *o) Return the microsecond, as an int from 0 through 999999. .. c:function:: int PyDateTime_DATE_GET_FOLD(PyDateTime_DateTime *o) Return the fold, as an int from 0 through 1. .. versionadded:: 3.6 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyDateTime_DATE_GET_TZINFO(PyDateTime_DateTime *o) Return the tzinfo (which may be ``None``). .. versionadded:: 3.10 Macros to extract fields from time objects. The argument must be an instance of :c:type:`PyDateTime_Time`, including subclasses. The argument must not be ``NULL``, and the type is not checked: .. c:function:: int PyDateTime_TIME_GET_HOUR(PyDateTime_Time *o) Return the hour, as an int from 0 through 23. .. c:function:: int PyDateTime_TIME_GET_MINUTE(PyDateTime_Time *o) Return the minute, as an int from 0 through 59. .. c:function:: int PyDateTime_TIME_GET_SECOND(PyDateTime_Time *o) Return the second, as an int from 0 through 59. .. c:function:: int PyDateTime_TIME_GET_MICROSECOND(PyDateTime_Time *o) Return the microsecond, as an int from 0 through 999999. .. c:function:: int PyDateTime_TIME_GET_FOLD(PyDateTime_Time *o) Return the fold, as an int from 0 through 1. .. versionadded:: 3.6 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyDateTime_TIME_GET_TZINFO(PyDateTime_Time *o) Return the tzinfo (which may be ``None``). .. versionadded:: 3.10 Macros to extract fields from time delta objects. The argument must be an instance of :c:type:`PyDateTime_Delta`, including subclasses. The argument must not be ``NULL``, and the type is not checked: .. c:function:: int PyDateTime_DELTA_GET_DAYS(PyDateTime_Delta *o) Return the number of days, as an int from -999999999 to 999999999. .. versionadded:: 3.3 .. c:function:: int PyDateTime_DELTA_GET_SECONDS(PyDateTime_Delta *o) Return the number of seconds, as an int from 0 through 86399. .. versionadded:: 3.3 .. c:function:: int PyDateTime_DELTA_GET_MICROSECONDS(PyDateTime_Delta *o) Return the number of microseconds, as an int from 0 through 999999. .. versionadded:: 3.3 Macros for the convenience of modules implementing the DB API: .. c:function:: PyObject* PyDateTime_FromTimestamp(PyObject *args) Create and return a new :class:`datetime.datetime` object given an argument tuple suitable for passing to :meth:`datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp`. .. c:function:: PyObject* PyDate_FromTimestamp(PyObject *args) Create and return a new :class:`datetime.date` object given an argument tuple suitable for passing to :meth:`datetime.date.fromtimestamp`. Internal data ------------- The following symbols are exposed by the C API but should be considered internal-only. .. c:macro:: PyDateTime_CAPSULE_NAME Name of the datetime capsule to pass to :c:func:`PyCapsule_Import`. Internal usage only. Use :c:macro:`PyDateTime_IMPORT` instead.