Doc/c-api/curses.rst - main - githubmirror/cpython

Doc/c-api/curses.rst
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Bénédikt Tran
gh-141004: document `curses` C API (#141254)
09 ноя 2025, 18:44
09 ноя 2025, 18:44dbe4090
.. highlight:: c

Curses C API
------------

:mod:`curses` exposes a small C interface for extension modules.
Consumers must include the header file :file:`py_curses.h` (which is not
included by default by :file:`Python.h`) and :c:func:`import_curses` must
be invoked, usually as part of the module initialisation function, to populate
:c:var:`PyCurses_API`.

.. warning::

   Neither the C API nor the pure Python :mod:`curses` module are compatible
   with subinterpreters.

.. c:macro:: import_curses()

   Import the curses C API. The macro does not need a semi-colon to be called.

   On success, populate the :c:var:`PyCurses_API` pointer.

   On failure, set :c:var:`PyCurses_API` to NULL and set an exception.
   The caller must check if an error occurred via :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred`:

   .. code-block::

      import_curses();  // semi-colon is optional but recommended
      if (PyErr_Occurred()) { /* cleanup */ }


.. c:var:: void **PyCurses_API

   Dynamically allocated object containing the curses C API.
   This variable is only available once :c:macro:`import_curses` succeeds.

   ``PyCurses_API[0]`` corresponds to :c:data:`PyCursesWindow_Type`.

   ``PyCurses_API[1]``, ``PyCurses_API[2]``, and ``PyCurses_API[3]``
   are pointers to predicate functions of type ``int (*)(void)``.

   When called, these predicates return whether :func:`curses.setupterm`,
   :func:`curses.initscr`, and :func:`curses.start_color` have been called
   respectively.

   See also the convenience macros :c:macro:`PyCursesSetupTermCalled`,
   :c:macro:`PyCursesInitialised`, and :c:macro:`PyCursesInitialisedColor`.

   .. note::

      The number of entries in this structure is subject to changes.
      Consider using :c:macro:`PyCurses_API_pointers` to check if
      new fields are available or not.


.. c:macro:: PyCurses_API_pointers

   The number of accessible fields (``4``) in :c:var:`PyCurses_API`.
   This number is incremented whenever new fields are added.


.. c:var:: PyTypeObject PyCursesWindow_Type

   The :ref:`heap type <heap-types>` corresponding to :class:`curses.window`.


.. c:function:: int PyCursesWindow_Check(PyObject *op)

   Return true if *op* is a :class:`curses.window` instance, false otherwise.


The following macros are convenience macros expanding into C statements.
In particular, they can only be used as ``macro;`` or ``macro``, but not
``macro()`` or ``macro();``.

.. c:macro:: PyCursesSetupTermCalled

   Macro checking if :func:`curses.setupterm` has been called.

   The macro expansion is roughly equivalent to:

   .. code-block::

      {
          typedef int (*predicate_t)(void);
          predicate_t was_setupterm_called = (predicate_t)PyCurses_API[1];
          if (!was_setupterm_called()) {
              return NULL;
          }
      }


.. c:macro:: PyCursesInitialised

   Macro checking if :func:`curses.initscr` has been called.

   The macro expansion is roughly equivalent to:

   .. code-block::

      {
          typedef int (*predicate_t)(void);
          predicate_t was_initscr_called = (predicate_t)PyCurses_API[2];
          if (!was_initscr_called()) {
              return NULL;
          }
      }


.. c:macro:: PyCursesInitialisedColor

   Macro checking if :func:`curses.start_color` has been called.

   The macro expansion is roughly equivalent to:

   .. code-block::

      {
          typedef int (*predicate_t)(void);
          predicate_t was_start_color_called = (predicate_t)PyCurses_API[3];
          if (!was_start_color_called()) {
              return NULL;
          }
      }


Internal data
-------------

The following objects are exposed by the C API but should be considered
internal-only.

.. c:macro:: PyCurses_CAPSULE_NAME

   Name of the curses capsule to pass to :c:func:`PyCapsule_Import`.

   Internal usage only. Use :c:macro:`import_curses` instead.