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Doc/c-api/capsule.rst
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Serhiy Storchaka
gh-76595: PyCapsule_Import() now imports submodules if needed (GH-6898)
10 авг 2026, 21:36
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10 авг 2026, 21:36
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.. highlight:: c .. _capsules: Capsules -------- .. index:: pair: object; Capsule Refer to :ref:`using-capsules` for more information on using these objects. .. versionadded:: 3.1 .. c:type:: PyCapsule This subtype of :c:type:`PyObject` represents an opaque value, useful for C extension modules which need to pass an opaque value (as a :c:expr:`void*` pointer) through Python code to other C code. It is often used to make a C function pointer defined in one module available to other modules, so the regular import mechanism can be used to access C APIs defined in dynamically loaded modules. .. c:var:: PyTypeObject PyCapsule_Type The type object corresponding to capsule objects. This is the same object as :class:`types.CapsuleType` in the Python layer. .. c:type:: PyCapsule_Destructor The type of a destructor callback for a capsule. Defined as:: typedef void (*PyCapsule_Destructor)(PyObject *); See :c:func:`PyCapsule_New` for the semantics of PyCapsule_Destructor callbacks. .. c:function:: int PyCapsule_CheckExact(PyObject *p) Return true if its argument is a :c:type:`PyCapsule`. This function always succeeds. .. c:function:: PyObject* PyCapsule_New(void *pointer, const char *name, PyCapsule_Destructor destructor) Create a :c:type:`PyCapsule` encapsulating the *pointer*. The *pointer* argument may not be ``NULL``. On failure, set an exception and return ``NULL``. The *name* string may either be ``NULL`` or a pointer to a valid C string. If non-``NULL``, this string must outlive the capsule. (Though it is permitted to free it inside the *destructor*.) If the *destructor* argument is not ``NULL``, it will be called with the capsule as its argument when it is destroyed. If this capsule will be stored as an attribute of a module, the *name* should be specified as ``modulename.attributename``. This will enable other modules to import the capsule using :c:func:`PyCapsule_Import`. .. c:function:: void* PyCapsule_GetPointer(PyObject *capsule, const char *name) Retrieve the *pointer* stored in the capsule. On failure, set an exception and return ``NULL``. The *name* parameter must compare exactly to the name stored in the capsule. If the name stored in the capsule is ``NULL``, the *name* passed in must also be ``NULL``. Python uses the C function :c:func:`!strcmp` to compare capsule names. .. c:function:: PyCapsule_Destructor PyCapsule_GetDestructor(PyObject *capsule) Return the current destructor stored in the capsule. On failure, set an exception and return ``NULL``. It is legal for a capsule to have a ``NULL`` destructor. This makes a ``NULL`` return code somewhat ambiguous; use :c:func:`PyCapsule_IsValid` or :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate. .. c:function:: void* PyCapsule_GetContext(PyObject *capsule) Return the current context stored in the capsule. On failure, set an exception and return ``NULL``. It is legal for a capsule to have a ``NULL`` context. This makes a ``NULL`` return code somewhat ambiguous; use :c:func:`PyCapsule_IsValid` or :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate. .. c:function:: const char* PyCapsule_GetName(PyObject *capsule) Return the current name stored in the capsule. On failure, set an exception and return ``NULL``. It is legal for a capsule to have a ``NULL`` name. This makes a ``NULL`` return code somewhat ambiguous; use :c:func:`PyCapsule_IsValid` or :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate. .. c:function:: void* PyCapsule_Import(const char *name, int no_block) Import a pointer to a C object from a capsule attribute in a module. The *name* parameter should specify the full name to the attribute, as in ``package.module.attribute``. Modules are imported if needed, other components are looked up as attributes. The *name* stored in the capsule must match this string exactly. Return the capsule's internal *pointer* on success. On failure, set an exception and return ``NULL``. .. versionchanged:: 3.3 *no_block* has no effect anymore. .. versionchanged:: next Submodules are now imported if needed. .. c:function:: int PyCapsule_IsValid(PyObject *capsule, const char *name) Determines whether or not *capsule* is a valid capsule. A valid capsule is non-``NULL``, passes :c:func:`PyCapsule_CheckExact`, has a non-``NULL`` pointer stored in it, and its internal name matches the *name* parameter. (See :c:func:`PyCapsule_GetPointer` for information on how capsule names are compared.) In other words, if :c:func:`PyCapsule_IsValid` returns a true value, calls to any of the accessors (any function starting with ``PyCapsule_Get``) are guaranteed to succeed. Return a nonzero value if the object is valid and matches the name passed in. Return ``0`` otherwise. This function will not fail. .. c:function:: int PyCapsule_SetContext(PyObject *capsule, void *context) Set the context pointer inside *capsule* to *context*. Return ``0`` on success. Return nonzero and set an exception on failure. .. c:function:: int PyCapsule_SetDestructor(PyObject *capsule, PyCapsule_Destructor destructor) Set the destructor inside *capsule* to *destructor*. Return ``0`` on success. Return nonzero and set an exception on failure. .. c:function:: int PyCapsule_SetName(PyObject *capsule, const char *name) Set the name inside *capsule* to *name*. If non-``NULL``, the name must outlive the capsule. If the previous *name* stored in the capsule was not ``NULL``, no attempt is made to free it. Return ``0`` on success. Return nonzero and set an exception on failure. .. c:function:: int PyCapsule_SetPointer(PyObject *capsule, void *pointer) Set the void pointer inside *capsule* to *pointer*. The pointer may not be ``NULL``. Return ``0`` on success. Return nonzero and set an exception on failure.