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doc/demuxers.texi
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Michael Niedermayer
avformat/mpegts: reject a max_packet_size below one TS payload
12 авг 2026, 05:02
12 авг 2026, 05:023772109
@chapter Demuxers
@c man begin DEMUXERS

Demuxers are configured elements in FFmpeg that can read the
multimedia streams from a particular type of file.

When you configure your FFmpeg build, all the supported demuxers
are enabled by default. You can list all available ones using the
configure option @code{--list-demuxers}.

You can disable all the demuxers using the configure option
@code{--disable-demuxers}, and selectively enable a single demuxer with
the option @code{--enable-demuxer=@var{DEMUXER}}, or disable it
with the option @code{--disable-demuxer=@var{DEMUXER}}.

The option @code{-demuxers} of the ff* tools will display the list of
enabled demuxers. Use @code{-formats} to view a combined list of
enabled demuxers and muxers.

The description of some of the currently available demuxers follows.

@section aa

Audible Format 2, 3, and 4 demuxer.

This demuxer is used to demux Audible Format 2, 3, and 4 (.aa) files.

@section aac

Raw Audio Data Transport Stream AAC demuxer.

This demuxer is used to demux an ADTS input containing a single AAC stream
alongwith any ID3v1/2 or APE tags in it.

@section apng

Animated Portable Network Graphics demuxer.

This demuxer is used to demux APNG files.
All headers, but the PNG signature, up to (but not including) the first
fcTL chunk are transmitted as extradata.
Frames are then split as being all the chunks between two fcTL ones, or
between the last fcTL and IEND chunks.

@table @option
@item -ignore_loop @var{bool}
Ignore the loop variable in the file if set. Default is enabled.

@item -max_fps @var{int}
Maximum framerate in frames per second. Default of 0 imposes no limit.

@item -default_fps @var{int}
Default framerate in frames per second when none is specified in the file
(0 meaning as fast as possible). Default is 15.

@end table

@section asf

Advanced Systems Format demuxer.

This demuxer is used to demux ASF files and MMS network streams.

@table @option
@item -no_resync_search @var{bool}
Do not try to resynchronize by looking for a certain optional start code.
@end table

@anchor{concat}
@section concat

Virtual concatenation script demuxer.

This demuxer reads a list of files and other directives from a text file and
demuxes them one after the other, as if all their packets had been muxed
together.

The timestamps in the files are adjusted so that the first file starts at 0
and each next file starts where the previous one finishes. Note that it is
done globally and may cause gaps if all streams do not have exactly the same
length.

All files must have the same streams (same codecs, same time base, etc.).

The duration of each file is used to adjust the timestamps of the next file:
if the duration is incorrect (because it was computed using the bit-rate or
because the file is truncated, for example), it can cause artifacts. The
@code{duration} directive can be used to override the duration stored in
each file.

@subsection Syntax

The script is a text file in extended-ASCII, with one directive per line.
Empty lines, leading spaces and lines starting with '#' are ignored. The
following directive is recognized:

@table @option

@item @code{file @var{path}}
Path to a file to read; special characters and spaces must be escaped with
backslash or single quotes.

All subsequent file-related directives apply to that file.

@item @code{ffconcat version 1.0}
Identify the script type and version.

To make FFmpeg recognize the format automatically, this directive must
appear exactly as is (no extra space or byte-order-mark) on the very first
line of the script.

@item @code{duration @var{dur}}
Duration of the file. This information can be specified from the file;
specifying it here may be more efficient or help if the information from the
file is not available or accurate.

If the duration is set for all files, then it is possible to seek in the
whole concatenated video.

@item @code{inpoint @var{timestamp}}
In point of the file. When the demuxer opens the file it instantly seeks to the
specified timestamp. Seeking is done so that all streams can be presented
successfully at In point.

This directive works best with intra frame codecs, because for non-intra frame
ones you will usually get extra packets before the actual In point and the
decoded content will most likely contain frames before In point too.

For each file, packets before the file In point will have timestamps less than
the calculated start timestamp of the file (negative in case of the first
file), and the duration of the files (if not specified by the @code{duration}
directive) will be reduced based on their specified In point.

Because of potential packets before the specified In point, packet timestamps
may overlap between two concatenated files.

@item @code{outpoint @var{timestamp}}
Out point of the file. When the demuxer reaches the specified decoding
timestamp in any of the streams, it handles it as an end of file condition and
skips the current and all the remaining packets from all streams.

Out point is exclusive, which means that the demuxer will not output packets
with a decoding timestamp greater or equal to Out point.

This directive works best with intra frame codecs and formats where all streams
are tightly interleaved. For non-intra frame codecs you will usually get
additional packets with presentation timestamp after Out point therefore the
decoded content will most likely contain frames after Out point too. If your
streams are not tightly interleaved you may not get all the packets from all
streams before Out point and you may only will be able to decode the earliest
stream until Out point.

The duration of the files (if not specified by the @code{duration}
directive) will be reduced based on their specified Out point.

@item @code{file_packet_metadata @var{key=value}}
Metadata of the packets of the file. The specified metadata will be set for
each file packet. You can specify this directive multiple times to add multiple
metadata entries.
This directive is deprecated, use @code{file_packet_meta} instead.

@item @code{file_packet_meta @var{key} @var{value}}
Metadata of the packets of the file. The specified metadata will be set for
each file packet. You can specify this directive multiple times to add multiple
metadata entries.

@item @code{option @var{key} @var{value}}
Option to access, open and probe the file.
Can be present multiple times.

@item @code{stream}
Introduce a stream in the virtual file.
All subsequent stream-related directives apply to the last introduced
stream.
Some streams properties must be set in order to allow identifying the
matching streams in the subfiles.
If no streams are defined in the script, the streams from the first file are
copied.

@item @code{exact_stream_id @var{id}}
Set the id of the stream.
If this directive is given, the string with the corresponding id in the
subfiles will be used.
This is especially useful for MPEG-PS (VOB) files, where the order of the
streams is not reliable.

@item @code{stream_meta @var{key} @var{value}}
Metadata for the stream.
Can be present multiple times.

@item @code{stream_codec @var{value}}
Codec for the stream.

@item @code{stream_extradata @var{hex_string}}
Extradata for the string, encoded in hexadecimal.

@item @code{chapter @var{id} @var{start} @var{end}}
Add a chapter. @var{id} is an unique identifier, possibly small and
consecutive.

@end table

@subsection Options

This demuxer accepts the following option:

@table @option

@item safe
If set to 1, reject unsafe file paths and directives.
A file path is considered safe if it
does not contain a protocol specification and is relative and all components
only contain characters from the portable character set (letters, digits,
period, underscore and hyphen) and have no period at the beginning of a
component.

If set to 0, any file name is accepted.

The default is 1.

@item auto_convert
If set to 1, try to perform automatic conversions on packet data to make the
streams concatenable.
The default is 1.

Currently, the only conversion is adding the h264_mp4toannexb bitstream
filter to H.264 streams in MP4 format. This is necessary in particular if
there are resolution changes.

@item segment_time_metadata
If set to 1, every packet will contain the @var{lavf.concat.start_time} and the
@var{lavf.concat.duration} packet metadata values which are the start_time and
the duration of the respective file segments in the concatenated output
expressed in microseconds. The duration metadata is only set if it is known
based on the concat file.
The default is 0.

@end table

@subsection Examples

@itemize
@item
Use absolute filenames and include some comments:
@example
# my first filename
file /mnt/share/file-1.wav
# my second filename including whitespace
file '/mnt/share/file 2.wav'
# my third filename including whitespace plus single quote
file '/mnt/share/file 3'\''.wav'
@end example

@item
Allow for input format auto-probing, use safe filenames and set the duration of
the first file:
@example
ffconcat version 1.0

file file-1.wav
duration 20.0

file subdir/file-2.wav
@end example
@end itemize

@section dash

Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP demuxer.

This demuxer presents all AVStreams found in the manifest.
By setting the discard flags on AVStreams the caller can decide
which streams to actually receive.
Each stream mirrors the @code{id} and @code{bandwidth} properties from the
@code{<Representation>} as metadata keys named "id" and "variant_bitrate" respectively.

@subsection Options

This demuxer accepts the following option:

@table @option

@item cenc_decryption_key
Default 16-byte key, in hex, to decrypt files encrypted using ISO Common Encryption (CENC/AES-128 CTR; ISO/IEC 23001-7).

@item cenc_decryption_keys
Dictionary of 16-byte key ID => 16-byte key, both in hex, to decrypt files encrypted using ISO Common Encryption
(CENC/AES-128 CTR; ISO/IEC 23001-7).

@end table

@section dvdvideo

DVD-Video demuxer, powered by libdvdnav and libdvdread.

Can directly ingest DVD titles, specifically sequential PGCs, into
a conversion pipeline. Menu assets, such as background video or audio,
can also be demuxed given the menu's coordinates (at best effort).

Block devices (DVD drives), ISO files, and directory structures are accepted.
Activate with @code{-f dvdvideo} in front of one of these inputs.

This demuxer does NOT have decryption code of any kind. You are on your own
working with encrypted DVDs, and should not expect support on the matter.

Underlying playback is handled by libdvdnav, and structure parsing by libdvdread.
FFmpeg must be built with GPL library support available as well as the
configure switches @code{--enable-libdvdnav} and @code{--enable-libdvdread}.

You will need to provide either the desired "title number" or exact PGC/PG coordinates.
Many open-source DVD players and tools can aid in providing this information.
If not specified, the demuxer will default to title 1 which works for many discs.
However, due to the flexibility of the format, it is recommended to check manually.
There are many discs that are authored strangely or with invalid headers.

If the input is a real DVD drive, please note that there are some drives which may
silently fail on reading bad sectors from the disc, returning random bits instead
which is effectively corrupt data. This is especially prominent on aging or rotting discs.
A second pass and integrity checks would be needed to detect the corruption.
This is not an FFmpeg issue.

@subsection Background

DVD-Video is not a directly accessible, linear container format in the
traditional sense. Instead, it allows for complex and programmatic playback of
carefully muxed MPEG-PS streams that are stored in headerless VOB files.
To the end-user, these streams are known simply as "titles", but the actual
logical playback sequence is defined by one or more "PGCs", or Program Group Chains,
within the title. The PGC is in turn comprised of multiple "PGs", or Programs",
which are the actual video segments (and for a typical video feature, sequentially
ordered). The PGC structure, along with stream layout and metadata, are stored in
IFO files that need to be parsed. PGCs can be thought of as playlists in easier terms.

An actual DVD player relies on user GUI interaction via menus and an internal VM
to drive the direction of demuxing. Generally, the user would either navigate (via menus)
or automatically be redirected to the PGC of their choice. During this process and
the subsequent playback, the DVD player's internal VM also maintains a state and
executes instructions that can create jumps to different sectors during playback.
This is why libdvdnav is involved, as a linear read of the MPEG-PS blobs on the
disc (VOBs) is not enough to produce the right sequence in many cases.

There are many other DVD structures (a long subject) that will not be discussed here.
NAV packets, in particular, are handled by this demuxer to build accurate timing
but not emitted as a stream. For a good high-level understanding, refer to:
@url{https://code.videolan.org/videolan/libdvdnav/-/blob/master/doc/dvd_structures}

@subsection Options

This demuxer accepts the following options:

@table @option

@item title @var{int}
The title number to play. Must be set if @option{pgc} and @option{pg} are not set.
Not applicable to menus.
Default is 0 (auto), which currently only selects the first available title (title 1)
and notifies the user about the implications.

@item chapter_start @var{int}
The chapter, or PTT (part-of-title), number to start at. Not applicable to menus.
Default is 1.

@item chapter_end @var{int}
The chapter, or PTT (part-of-title), number to end at. Not applicable to menus.
Default is 0, which is a special value to signal end at the last possible chapter.

@item angle @var{int}
The video angle number, referring to what is essentially an additional
video stream that is composed from alternate frames interleaved in the VOBs.
Not applicable to menus.
Default is 1.

@item region @var{int}
The region code to use for playback. Some discs may use this to default playback
at a particular angle in different regions. This option will not affect the region code
of a real DVD drive, if used as an input. Not applicable to menus.
Default is 0, "world".

@item menu @var{bool}
Demux menu assets instead of navigating a title. Requires exact coordinates
of the menu (@option{menu_lu}, @option{menu_vts}, @option{pgc}, @option{pg}).
Default is false.

@item menu_lu @var{int}
The menu language to demux. In DVD, menus are grouped by language.
Default is 1, the first language unit.

@item menu_vts @var{int}
The VTS where the menu lives, or 0 if it is a VMG menu (root-level).
Default is 1, menu of the first VTS.

@item pgc @var{int}
The entry PGC to start playback, in conjunction with @option{pg}.
Alternative to setting @option{title}.
Chapter markers are not supported at this time.
Must be explicitly set for menus.
Default is 0, automatically resolve from value of @option{title}.

@item pg @var{int}
The entry PG to start playback, in conjunction with @option{pgc}.
Alternative to setting @option{title}.
Chapter markers are not supported at this time.
Default is 1, the first PG of the PGC.

@item preindex @var{bool}
Enable this to have accurate chapter (PTT) markers and duration measurement,
which requires a slow second pass read in order to index the chapter marker
timestamps from NAV packets. This is non-ideal extra work for real optical drives.
It is recommended and faster to use this option with a backup of the DVD structure
stored on a hard drive. Not compatible with @option{pgc} and @option{pg}.
Default is 0, false.

@item trim @var{bool}
Skip padding cells (i.e. cells shorter than 1 second) from the beginning.
There exist many discs with filler segments at the beginning of the PGC,
often with junk data intended for controlling a real DVD player's
buffering speed and with no other material data value.
Not applicable to menus.
Default is 1, true.

@end table

@subsection Examples

@itemize
@item
Open title 3 from a given DVD structure:
@example
ffmpeg -f dvdvideo -title 3 -i <path to DVD> ...
@end example

@item
Open chapters 3-6 from title 1 from a given DVD structure:
@example
ffmpeg -f dvdvideo -chapter_start 3 -chapter_end 6 -title 1 -i <path to DVD> ...
@end example

@item
Open only chapter 5 from title 1 from a given DVD structure:
@example
ffmpeg -f dvdvideo -chapter_start 5 -chapter_end 5 -title 1 -i <path to DVD> ...
@end example

@item
Demux menu with language 1 from VTS 1, PGC 1, starting at PG 1:
@example
ffmpeg -f dvdvideo -menu 1 -menu_lu 1 -menu_vts 1 -pgc 1 -pg 1 -i <path to DVD> ...
@end example
@end itemize

@section ea

Electronic Arts Multimedia format demuxer.

This format is used by various Electronic Arts games.

@subsection Options

@table @option

@item merge_alpha @var{bool}

Normally the VP6 alpha channel (if exists) is returned as a secondary video
stream, by setting this option you can make the demuxer return a single video
stream which contains the alpha channel in addition to the ordinary video.

@end table

@section imf

Interoperable Master Format demuxer.

This demuxer presents audio and video streams found in an IMF Composition, as
specified in @url{https://doi.org/10.5594/SMPTE.ST2067-2.2020, SMPTE ST 2067-2}.

@example
ffmpeg [-assetmaps <path of ASSETMAP1>,<path of ASSETMAP2>,...] -i <path of CPL> ...
@end example

If @code{-assetmaps} is not specified, the demuxer looks for a file called
@file{ASSETMAP.xml} in the same directory as the CPL.

@section flv, live_flv, kux

Adobe Flash Video Format demuxer.

This demuxer is used to demux FLV files and RTMP network streams. In case of live network streams, if you force format, you may use live_flv option instead of flv to survive timestamp discontinuities.
KUX is a flv variant used on the Youku platform.

@example
ffmpeg -f flv -i myfile.flv ...
ffmpeg -f live_flv -i rtmp://<any.server>/anything/key ....
@end example


@table @option
@item -flv_metadata @var{bool}
Allocate the streams according to the onMetaData array content.

@item -flv_ignore_prevtag @var{bool}
Ignore the size of previous tag value.

@item -flv_full_metadata @var{bool}
Output all context of the onMetadata.
@end table

@section gif

Animated GIF demuxer.

It accepts the following options:

@table @option
@item min_delay
Set the minimum valid delay between frames in hundredths of seconds.
Range is 0 to 6000. Default value is 2.

@item max_gif_delay
Set the maximum valid delay between frames in hundredth of seconds.
Range is 0 to 65535. Default value is 65535 (nearly eleven minutes),
the maximum value allowed by the specification.

@item default_delay
Set the default delay between frames in hundredths of seconds.
Range is 0 to 6000. Default value is 10.

@item ignore_loop
GIF files can contain information to loop a certain number of times (or
infinitely). If @option{ignore_loop} is set to 1, then the loop setting
from the input will be ignored and looping will not occur. If set to 0,
then looping will occur and will cycle the number of times according to
the GIF. Default value is 1.
@end table

For example, with the overlay filter, place an infinitely looping GIF
over another video:
@example
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ignore_loop 0 -i input.gif -filter_complex overlay=shortest=1 out.mkv
@end example

Note that in the above example the shortest option for overlay filter is
used to end the output video at the length of the shortest input file,
which in this case is @file{input.mp4} as the GIF in this example loops
infinitely.

@section hls

HLS demuxer

Apple HTTP Live Streaming demuxer.

This demuxer presents all AVStreams from all variant streams.
The id field is set to the bitrate variant index number. By setting
the discard flags on AVStreams (by pressing 'a' or 'v' in ffplay),
the caller can decide which variant streams to actually receive.
The total bitrate of the variant that the stream belongs to is
available in a metadata key named "variant_bitrate".

It accepts the following options:

@table @option
@item live_start_index
segment index to start live streams at (negative values are from the end).

@item prefer_x_start
prefer to use #EXT-X-START if it's in playlist instead of live_start_index.

@item allowed_extensions
',' separated list of file extensions that hls is allowed to access.

@item extension_picky
This blocks disallowed extensions from probing
It also requires all available segments to have matching extensions to the format
except mpegts, which is always allowed.
It is recommended to set the whitelists correctly instead of depending on extensions
Enabled by default.

@item max_reload
Maximum number of times a insufficient list is attempted to be reloaded.
Default value is 1000.

@item m3u8_hold_counters
The maximum number of times to load m3u8 when it refreshes without new segments.
Default value is 1000.

@item http_persistent
Use persistent HTTP connections. Applicable only for HTTP streams.
Enabled by default.

@item http_multiple
Use multiple HTTP connections for downloading HTTP segments.
Enabled by default for HTTP/1.1 servers.

@item http_seekable
Use HTTP partial requests for downloading HTTP segments.
0 = disable, 1 = enable, -1 = auto, Default is auto.

@item seg_format_options
Set options for the demuxer of media segments using a list of key=value pairs separated by @code{:}.

@item seg_max_retry
Maximum number of times to reload a segment on error, useful when segment skip on network error is not desired.
Default value is 0.
@end table

@section image2

Image file demuxer.

This demuxer reads from a list of image files specified by a pattern.
The syntax and meaning of the pattern is specified by the
option @var{pattern_type}.

The pattern may contain a suffix which is used to automatically
determine the format of the images contained in the files.

The size, the pixel format, and the format of each image must be the
same for all the files in the sequence.

This demuxer accepts the following options:
@table @option
@item framerate
Set the frame rate for the video stream. It defaults to 25.
@item loop
If set to 1, loop over the input. Default value is 0.
@item pattern_type
Select the pattern type used to interpret the provided filename.

@var{pattern_type} accepts one of the following values.
@table @option
@item none
Disable pattern matching, therefore the video will only contain the specified
image. You should use this option if you do not want to create sequences from
multiple images and your filenames may contain special pattern characters.
@item sequence
Select a sequence pattern type, used to specify a sequence of files
indexed by sequential numbers.

A sequence pattern may contain the string "%d" or "%0@var{N}d", which
specifies the position of the characters representing a sequential
number in each filename matched by the pattern. If the form
"%d0@var{N}d" is used, the string representing the number in each
filename is 0-padded and @var{N} is the total number of 0-padded
digits representing the number. The literal character '%' can be
specified in the pattern with the string "%%".

If the sequence pattern contains "%d" or "%0@var{N}d", the first filename of
the file list specified by the pattern must contain a number
inclusively contained between @var{start_number} and
@var{start_number}+@var{start_number_range}-1, and all the following
numbers must be sequential.

For example the pattern "img-%03d.bmp" will match a sequence of
filenames of the form @file{img-001.bmp}, @file{img-002.bmp}, ...,
@file{img-010.bmp}, etc.; the pattern "i%%m%%g-%d.jpg" will match a
sequence of filenames of the form @file{i%m%g-1.jpg},
@file{i%m%g-2.jpg}, ..., @file{i%m%g-10.jpg}, etc.

Note that the pattern must not necessarily contain "%d" or
"%0@var{N}d", for example to convert a single image file
@file{img.jpeg} you can employ the command:
@example
ffmpeg -i img.jpeg img.png
@end example

@item glob
Select a glob wildcard pattern type.

The pattern is interpreted like a @code{glob()} pattern. This is only
selectable if libavformat was compiled with globbing support.
@end table

Default value is @var{sequence}.
@item pixel_format
Set the pixel format of the images to read. If not specified the pixel
format is guessed from the first image file in the sequence.
@item start_number
Set the index of the file matched by the image file pattern to start
to read from. Default value is 0.
@item start_number_range
Set the index interval range to check when looking for the first image
file in the sequence, starting from @var{start_number}. Default value
is 5.
@item ts_from_file
If set to 1, will set frame timestamp to modification time of image file. Note
that monotonity of timestamps is not provided: images go in the same order as
without this option. Default value is 0.
If set to 2, will set frame timestamp to the modification time of the image file in
nanosecond precision.
@item video_size
Set the video size of the images to read. If not specified the video
size is guessed from the first image file in the sequence.
@item export_path_metadata
If set to 1, will add two extra fields to the metadata found in input, making them
also available for other filters (see @var{drawtext} filter for examples). Default
value is 0. The extra fields are described below:
@table @option
@item lavf.image2dec.source_path
Corresponds to the full path to the input file being read.
@item lavf.image2dec.source_basename
Corresponds to the name of the file being read.
@end table

@end table

@subsection Examples

@itemize
@item
Use @command{ffmpeg} for creating a video from the images in the file
sequence @file{img-001.jpeg}, @file{img-002.jpeg}, ..., assuming an
input frame rate of 10 frames per second:
@example
ffmpeg -framerate 10 -i 'img-%03d.jpeg' out.mkv
@end example

@item
As above, but start by reading from a file with index 100 in the sequence:
@example
ffmpeg -framerate 10 -start_number 100 -i 'img-%03d.jpeg' out.mkv
@end example

@item
Read images matching the "*.png" glob pattern , that is all the files
terminating with the ".png" suffix:
@example
ffmpeg -framerate 10 -pattern_type glob -i "*.png" out.mkv
@end example
@end itemize

@section libgme

The Game Music Emu library is a collection of video game music file emulators.

See @url{https://bitbucket.org/mpyne/game-music-emu/overview} for more information.

It accepts the following options:

@table @option

@item track_index
Set the index of which track to demux. The demuxer can only export one track.
Track indexes start at 0. Default is to pick the first track. Number of tracks
is exported as @var{tracks} metadata entry.

@item sample_rate
Set the sampling rate of the exported track. Range is 1000 to 999999. Default is 44100.

@item max_size @emph{(bytes)}
The demuxer buffers the entire file into memory. Adjust this value to set the maximum buffer size,
which in turn, acts as a ceiling for the size of files that can be read.
Default is 50 MiB.

@end table

@section libmodplug

ModPlug based module demuxer

See @url{https://github.com/Konstanty/libmodplug}

It will export one 2-channel 16-bit 44.1 kHz audio stream.
Optionally, a @code{pal8} 16-color video stream can be exported with or without printed metadata.

It accepts the following options:

@table @option
@item noise_reduction
Apply a simple low-pass filter. Can be 1 (on) or 0 (off). Default is 0.

@item reverb_depth
Set amount of reverb. Range 0-100. Default is 0.

@item reverb_delay
Set delay in ms, clamped to 40-250 ms. Default is 0.

@item bass_amount
Apply bass expansion a.k.a. XBass or megabass. Range is 0 (quiet) to 100 (loud). Default is 0.

@item bass_range
Set cutoff i.e. upper-bound for bass frequencies. Range is 10-100 Hz. Default is 0.

@item surround_depth
Apply a Dolby Pro-Logic surround effect. Range is 0 (quiet) to 100 (heavy). Default is 0.

@item surround_delay
Set surround delay in ms, clamped to 5-40 ms. Default is 0.

@item max_size
The demuxer buffers the entire file into memory. Adjust this value to set the maximum buffer size,
which in turn, acts as a ceiling for the size of files that can be read. Range is 0 to 100 MiB.
0 removes buffer size limit (not recommended). Default is 5 MiB.

@item video_stream_expr
String which is evaluated using the eval API to assign colors to the generated video stream.
Variables which can be used are @code{x}, @code{y}, @code{w}, @code{h}, @code{t}, @code{speed},
@code{tempo}, @code{order}, @code{pattern} and @code{row}.

@item video_stream
Generate video stream. Can be 1 (on) or 0 (off). Default is 0.

@item video_stream_w
Set video frame width in 'chars' where one char indicates 8 pixels. Range is 20-512. Default is 30.

@item video_stream_h
Set video frame height in 'chars' where one char indicates 8 pixels. Range is 20-512. Default is 30.

@item video_stream_ptxt
Print metadata on video stream. Includes @code{speed}, @code{tempo}, @code{order}, @code{pattern},
@code{row} and @code{ts} (time in ms). Can be 1 (on) or 0 (off). Default is 1.

@end table

@section libopenmpt

libopenmpt based module demuxer

See @url{https://lib.openmpt.org/libopenmpt/} for more information.

Some files have multiple subsongs (tracks) this can be set with the @option{subsong}
option.

It accepts the following options:

@table @option
@item subsong
Set the subsong index. This can be either  'all', 'auto', or the index of the
subsong. Subsong indexes start at 0. The default is 'auto'.

The default value is to let libopenmpt choose.

@item layout
Set the channel layout. Valid values are 1, 2, and 4 channel layouts.
The default value is STEREO.

@item sample_rate
Set the sample rate for libopenmpt to output.
Range is from 1000 to INT_MAX. The value default is 48000.
@end table

@anchor{mccdec}
@section mcc

Demuxer for MacCaption MCC files, it supports MCC versions 1.0 and 2.0.
MCC files store VANC data, which can include closed captions (EIA-608 and CEA-708), ancillary time code, pan-scan data, etc.
By default, for backward compatibility, the MCC demuxer extracts just the EIA-608 and CEA-708 closed captions and returns a @code{EIA_608} stream, ignoring all other VANC data.
You can change it to return all VANC data in a @code{SMPTE_436M_ANC} data stream by setting @option{-eia608_extract 0}

@subsection Examples

@itemize
@item
Convert a MCC file to Scenarist (SCC) format:
@example
ffmpeg -i CC.mcc -c:s copy CC.scc
@end example
Note that the SCC format only supports EIA-608, so this will discard all other data such as CEA-708 extensions.

@item
Merge a MCC file into a MXF file:
@example
ffmpeg -i video_and_audio.mxf -eia608_extract 0 -i CC.mcc -c copy -map 0 -map 1 out.mxf
@end example
This retains all VANC data and inserts it into the output MXF file as a @code{SMPTE_436M_ANC} data stream.
@end itemize

@section mov/mp4/3gp

Demuxer for Quicktime File Format & ISO/IEC Base Media File Format (ISO/IEC 14496-12 or MPEG-4 Part 12, ISO/IEC 15444-12 or JPEG 2000 Part 12).

Registered extensions: mov, mp4, m4a, 3gp, 3g2, mj2, psp, m4b, ism, ismv, isma, f4v

@subsection Options

This demuxer accepts the following options:
@table @option
@item enable_drefs
Enable loading of external tracks, disabled by default.
Enabling this can theoretically leak information in some use cases.

@item use_absolute_path
Allows loading of external tracks via absolute paths, disabled by default.
Enabling this poses a security risk. It should only be enabled if the source
is known to be non-malicious.

@item seek_streams_individually
When seeking, identify the closest point in each stream individually and demux packets in
that stream from identified point. This can lead to a different sequence of packets compared
to demuxing linearly from the beginning. Default is true.

@item ignore_editlist
Ignore any edit list atoms. The demuxer, by default, modifies the stream index to reflect the
timeline described by the edit list. Default is false.

@item advanced_editlist
Modify the stream index to reflect the timeline described by the edit list. @code{ignore_editlist}
must be set to false for this option to be effective.
If both @code{ignore_editlist} and this option are set to false, then only the
start of the stream index is modified to reflect initial dwell time or starting timestamp
described by the edit list. Default is true.

@item ignore_chapters
Don't parse chapters. This includes GoPro 'HiLight' tags/moments. Note that chapters are
only parsed when input is seekable. Default is false.

@item use_mfra_for
For seekable fragmented input, set fragment's starting timestamp from media fragment random access box, if present.

Following options are available:
@table @samp
@item auto
Auto-detect whether to set mfra timestamps as PTS or DTS @emph{(default)}

@item dts
Set mfra timestamps as DTS

@item pts
Set mfra timestamps as PTS

@item 0
Don't use mfra box to set timestamps
@end table

@item use_tfdt
For fragmented input, set fragment's starting timestamp to @code{baseMediaDecodeTime} from the @code{tfdt} box.
Default is enabled, which will prefer to use the @code{tfdt} box to set DTS. Disable to use the @code{earliest_presentation_time} from the @code{sidx} box.
In either case, the timestamp from the @code{mfra} box will be used if it's available and @code{use_mfra_for} is
set to pts or dts.

@item export_all
Export unrecognized boxes within the @var{udta} box as metadata entries. The first four
characters of the box type are set as the key. Default is false.

@item export_xmp
Export entire contents of @var{XMP_} box and @var{uuid} box as a string with key @code{xmp}. Note that
if @code{export_all} is set and this option isn't, the contents of @var{XMP_} box are still exported
but with key @code{XMP_}. Default is false.

@item activation_bytes
4-byte key required to decrypt Audible AAX and AAX+ files. See Audible AAX subsection below.

@item audible_fixed_key
Fixed key used for handling Audible AAX/AAX+ files. It has been pre-set so should not be necessary to
specify.

@item decryption_key
Default 16-byte key, in hex, to decrypt files encrypted using ISO Common Encryption (CENC/AES-128 CTR; ISO/IEC 23001-7).

@item decryption_keys
Dictionary of 16-byte key ID => 16-byte key, both in hex, to decrypt files encrypted using ISO Common Encryption
(CENC/AES-128 CTR; ISO/IEC 23001-7).

@item max_stts_delta
Very high sample deltas written in a trak's stts box may occasionally be intended but usually they are written in
error or used to store a negative value for dts correction when treated as signed 32-bit integers. This option lets
the user set an upper limit, beyond which the delta is clamped to 1. Values greater than the limit if negative when
cast to int32 are used to adjust onward dts.

Unit is the track time scale. Range is 0 to UINT_MAX. Default is @code{UINT_MAX - 48000*10} which allows up to
a 10 second dts correction for 48 kHz audio streams while accommodating 99.9% of @code{uint32} range.

@item interleaved_read
Interleave packets from multiple tracks at demuxer level. For badly interleaved files, this prevents playback issues
caused by large gaps between packets in different tracks, as MOV/MP4 do not have packet placement requirements.
However, this can cause excessive seeking on very badly interleaved files, due to seeking between tracks, so disabling
it may prevent I/O issues, at the expense of playback.

@end table

@subsection Audible AAX

Audible AAX files are encrypted M4B files, and they can be decrypted by specifying a 4 byte activation secret.
@example
ffmpeg -activation_bytes 1CEB00DA -i test.aax -vn -c:a copy output.mp4
@end example

@section mpegts

MPEG-2 transport stream demuxer.

This demuxer accepts the following options:
@table @option
@item resync_size
Set size limit for looking up a new synchronization. Default value is
65536.

@item skip_unknown_pmt
Skip PMTs for programs not defined in the PAT. Default value is 0.

@item fix_teletext_pts
Override teletext packet PTS and DTS values with the timestamps calculated
from the PCR of the first program which the teletext stream is part of and is
not discarded. Default value is 1, set this option to 0 if you want your
teletext packet PTS and DTS values untouched.

@item ts_packetsize
Output option carrying the raw packet size in bytes.
Show the detected raw packet size, cannot be set by the user.

@item scan_all_pmts
Scan and combine all PMTs. The value is an integer with value from -1
to 1 (-1 means automatic setting, 1 means enabled, 0 means
disabled). Default value is -1.

@item merge_pmt_versions
Reuse existing streams when a PMT's version is updated and elementary
streams move to different PIDs. Default value is 0.

@item max_packet_size
Set maximum size, in bytes, of packet emitted by the demuxer. Payloads above this size
are split across multiple packets. Range is 184 to INT_MAX/2. Default is 204800 bytes.
@end table

@section mpjpeg

MJPEG encapsulated in multi-part MIME demuxer.

This demuxer allows reading of MJPEG, where each frame is represented as a part of
multipart/x-mixed-replace stream.
@table @option

@item strict_mime_boundary
Default implementation applies a relaxed standard to multi-part MIME boundary detection,
to prevent regression with numerous existing endpoints not generating a proper MIME
MJPEG stream. Turning this option on by setting it to 1 will result in a stricter check
of the boundary value.
@end table

@section rawvideo

Raw video demuxer.

This demuxer allows one to read raw video data. Since there is no header
specifying the assumed video parameters, the user must specify them
in order to be able to decode the data correctly.

This demuxer accepts the following options:
@table @option

@item framerate
Set input video frame rate. Default value is 25.

@item pixel_format
Set the input video pixel format. Default value is @code{yuv420p}.

@item stride
Set frame line size in bytes, only required if there are extra padding.
For multiplane formats, @option{stride} is a list of line size for each
plane.

@item video_size
Set the input video size. This value must be specified explicitly.
@end table

For example to read a rawvideo file @file{input.raw} with
@command{ffplay}, assuming a pixel format of @code{rgb24}, a video
size of @code{320x240}, and a frame rate of 10 images per second, use
the command:
@example
ffplay -f rawvideo -pixel_format rgb24 -video_size 320x240 -framerate 10 input.raw
@end example

Read a rawvideo with @command{ffplay}, assuming a pixel format of @code{yuv420p},
a video size of @code{1080x1920}, has 8 bytes of padding in each line of Y plane,
and 4 bytes of padding with UV plane,
@example
ffplay -f rawvideo -pixel_format yuv420p -video_size 1080x1920 -stride 1088,544,544 input.raw
@end example

@anchor{rcwtdec}
@section rcwt

RCWT (Raw Captions With Time) is a format native to ccextractor, a commonly
used open source tool for processing 608/708 Closed Captions (CC) sources.
For more information on the format, see @ref{rcwtenc,,,ffmpeg-formats}.

This demuxer implements the specification as of March 2024, which has
been stable and unchanged since April 2014.

@subsection Examples

@itemize
@item
Render CC to ASS using the built-in decoder:
@example
ffmpeg -i CC.rcwt.bin CC.ass
@end example
Note that if your output appears to be empty, you may have to manually
set the decoder's @option{data_field} option to pick the desired CC substream.

@item
Convert an RCWT backup to Scenarist (SCC) format:
@example
ffmpeg -i CC.rcwt.bin -c:s copy CC.scc
@end example
Note that the SCC format does not support all of the possible CC extensions
that can be stored in RCWT (such as EIA-708).
@end itemize

@section sbg

SBaGen script demuxer.

This demuxer reads the script language used by SBaGen
@url{http://uazu.net/sbagen/} to generate binaural beats sessions. A SBG
script looks like that:
@example
-SE
a: 300-2.5/3 440+4.5/0
b: 300-2.5/0 440+4.5/3
off: -
NOW      == a
+0:07:00 == b
+0:14:00 == a
+0:21:00 == b
+0:30:00    off
@end example

A SBG script can mix absolute and relative timestamps. If the script uses
either only absolute timestamps (including the script start time) or only
relative ones, then its layout is fixed, and the conversion is
straightforward. On the other hand, if the script mixes both kind of
timestamps, then the @var{NOW} reference for relative timestamps will be
taken from the current time of day at the time the script is read, and the
script layout will be frozen according to that reference. That means that if
the script is directly played, the actual times will match the absolute
timestamps up to the sound controller's clock accuracy, but if the user
somehow pauses the playback or seeks, all times will be shifted accordingly.

@section tedcaptions

JSON captions used for @url{http://www.ted.com/, TED Talks}.

TED does not provide links to the captions, but they can be guessed from the
page. The file @file{tools/bookmarklets.html} from the FFmpeg source tree
contains a bookmarklet to expose them.

This demuxer accepts the following option:
@table @option
@item start_time
Set the start time of the TED talk, in milliseconds. The default is 15000
(15s). It is used to sync the captions with the downloadable videos, because
they include a 15s intro.
@end table

Example: convert the captions to a format most players understand:
@example
ffmpeg -i http://www.ted.com/talks/subtitles/id/1/lang/en talk1-en.srt
@end example

@section vapoursynth

Vapoursynth wrapper.

Due to security concerns, Vapoursynth scripts will not
be autodetected so the input format has to be forced. For ff* CLI tools,
add @code{-f vapoursynth} before the input @code{-i yourscript.vpy}.

This demuxer accepts the following option:
@table @option
@item max_script_size
The demuxer buffers the entire script into memory. Adjust this value to set the maximum buffer size,
which in turn, acts as a ceiling for the size of scripts that can be read.
Default is 1 MiB.
@end table

@section w64

Sony Wave64 Audio demuxer.

This demuxer accepts the following options:
@table @option
@item max_size
See the same option for the @ref{wav} demuxer.
@end table

@anchor{wav}
@section wav

RIFF Wave Audio demuxer.

This demuxer accepts the following options:
@table @option
@item ignore_length @var{bool}
Ignore the size of the @code{data} chunk and keep reading until the end of the file if set.
May be useful to read broken or partial files where the header was not properly updated,
but will misinterpret files with non-audio chunks after the @code{data} chunk.
Default is disabled.

@item max_size
Specify the maximum packet size in bytes for the demuxed packets. By default
this is set to 0, which means that a sensible value is chosen based on the
input format.
@end table

@section webp

Animated WebP demuxer.

It accepts the following options:

@table @option
@item -min_delay @var{int}
Set the minimum valid delay between frames in milliseconds.
Range is 0 to 60000. Default value is 10.

@item -max_webp_delay @var{int}
Set the maximum valid delay between frames in milliseconds.
Range is 0 to 16777215. Default value is 16777215 (over four hours),
the maximum value allowed by the specification.

@item -default_delay @var{int}
Set the default delay between frames in milliseconds.
Range is 0 to 60000. Default value is 100.

@item -ignore_loop @var{bool}
WebP files can contain information to loop a certain number of times
(or infinitely). If @option{ignore_loop} is set to true, then the loop
setting from the input will be ignored and looping will not occur.
If set to false, then looping will occur and will cycle the number
of times according to the WebP. Default value is true.

@item usebgcolor @var{bool}
WebP files contain a background color hint in the ANIM chunk, but the
WebP specification says that viewer applications are not required to
use it. If @option{usebgcolor} is set to true, then the background
color hint will be used, otherwise transparent black will be used for
the background. Default value is false.
@end table

@c man end DEMUXERS