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				<h1 class="entry-title">Условия и циклы. Продолжение</h1>
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<p class="has-light-gray-color has-text-color"><a href="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/">Все курсы</a> &gt; <a href="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/python/">Программирование на Питоне</a> &gt; Занятие 3</p>



<p>На <a href="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/intro/if-and-for-loops-06/">шестом занятии</a> вводного курса ML мы уже начали изучать условия и циклы. Продолжим этот путь.</p>


<div class="wp-block-ub-table-of-contents-block ub_table-of-contents" id="ub_table-of-contents-19c52899-7e79-48db-95ab-d6725df15cb1" data-linktodivider="false" data-showtext="show" data-hidetext="hide" data-scrolltype="auto" data-initiallyhideonmobile="false"
                    data-initiallyshow="true"><div class="ub_table-of-contents-header-container"><div class="ub_table-of-contents-header">
                    <div class="ub_table-of-contents-title"><strong>Содержание занятия</strong></div></div></div><div class="ub_table-of-contents-extra-container"><div class="ub_table-of-contents-container ub_table-of-contents-1-column "><ul><li><a href=https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/python/if-and-loops-03/#0-eshche-raz-pro-usloviya-s-if>Еще раз про условия с if</a></li><li><a href=https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/python/if-and-loops-03/#1-tsikly>Циклы</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/python/if-and-loops-03/#2-tsikl-for>Цикл for</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/python/if-and-loops-03/#3-osnovnye-operatsii>Основные операции</a></li><li><a href=https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/python/if-and-loops-03/#4-funktsii-range-i-enumerate>Функции range() и enumerate()</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/python/if-and-loops-03/#5-funktsiya-range>Функция range()</a></li><li><a href=https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/python/if-and-loops-03/#6-funktsiya-enumerate>Функция enumerate()</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href=https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/python/if-and-loops-03/#7-tsikl-while>Цикл while</a></li><li><a href=https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/python/if-and-loops-03/#8-operatory-break-i-continue>Операторы break и continue</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/python/if-and-loops-03/#9-operator-break>Оператор break</a></li><li><a href=https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/python/if-and-loops-03/#10-operator-continue>Оператор continue</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href=https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/python/if-and-loops-03/#11-formatirovanie-strok-v-funktsii-print>Форматирование строк в функции print()</a></li><li><a href=https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/python/if-and-loops-03/#12-podvedem-itog>Подведем итог</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/python/if-and-loops-03/#13-voprosy-dlya-zakrepleniya>Вопросы для закрепления</a></li><li><a href=https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/python/if-and-loops-03/#14-otvety-na-voprosy>Ответы на вопросы</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div>


<p class="has-text-align-center has-white-color has-text-color has-background" style="background-color:#004235"><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/18GcMjfYWUJzyAEvH2CQ2ykZ5ghlm38pc?usp=sharing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Вначале откроем блокнот к этому занятию</a>⧉</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="0-eshche-raz-pro-usloviya-s-if">Еще раз про условия с if</h2>



<p>Помимо базовой уже известной нам структуры <strong>if-else</strong>, мы также можем прописать несколько условий (multi-way decisions) с помощью <strong>if-elif-else</strong>. Слово <strong>elif</strong> в данном случае как раз и позволяет добавить новые условия.</p>



<p>Например, мы хотим написать программу, которая разделит все передаваемые ей числа на малые (small), средние (medium) и большие (large). Сначала посмотрим на блок-схему.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="850" height="525" src="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/if-elif-else.png" alt="множественные условия с if-elif-else" class="wp-image-5645" style="width:576px;height:355px" srcset="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/if-elif-else.png 850w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/if-elif-else-300x185.png 300w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/if-elif-else-768x474.png 768w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/if-elif-else-600x371.png 600w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px" /></figure>



<p>Если слово меньше 10, то оно малое, меньше 100 &#8212; среднее, в противном случае оно большое. Теперь пропишем это на Питоне.</p>



<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab41517470851" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
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					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab41517470851-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab41517470851-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab41517470851-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab41517470851-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab41517470851-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab41517470851-6">6</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab41517470851-7">7</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab41517470851-8">8</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab41517470851-9">9</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab41517470851-1"><span class="crayon-v">x</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">42</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-c"># зададим число</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab41517470851-2">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab41517470851-3"><span class="crayon-c"># и пропишем условия (не забывайте про двоеточие и отступ)</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab41517470851-4"><span class="crayon-st">if</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">x</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">&lt;</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">10</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab41517470851-5"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Small'</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab41517470851-6"><span class="crayon-st">elif</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">x</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">&lt;</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">100</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab41517470851-7"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Medium'</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab41517470851-8"><span class="crayon-st">else</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab41517470851-9"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Large'</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4c205257424" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4c205257424-1">1</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4c205257424-1">Medium</div></div></td>
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<p>До сих пор мы записывали число или строку в переменную. Пора познакомиться с возможностью ввода числа с клавиатуры. В этом нам поможет встроенная в Питон функция <strong>input()</strong>. В частности, описанная выше программа могла бы запрашивать число у пользователя, а уже потом классифицировать.</p>



<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
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				<table class="crayon-table">
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					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-6">6</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-7">7</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-8">8</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-9">9</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-10">10</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-11">11</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-12">12</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-13">13</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-1"><span class="crayon-c"># запросим число у пользователя</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-2"><span class="crayon-v">x</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">input</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Введите число: '</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-3">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-4"><span class="crayon-c"># преобразуем в тип int</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-5"><span class="crayon-v">x</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">int</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">x</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-6">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-7"><span class="crayon-c"># и наконец классифицируем</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-8"><span class="crayon-st">if</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">x</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">&lt;</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">10</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-9"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Small'</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-10"><span class="crayon-st">elif</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">x</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">&lt;</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">100</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-11"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Medium'</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-12"><span class="crayon-st">else</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4e605993704-13"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Large'</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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<p>При исполнении этого кода вначале появляется поле для ввода.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="497" src="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/input-1024x497.jpg" alt="результат функции input() в Google Colab" class="wp-image-5723" style="width:653px;height:316px" srcset="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/input-1024x497.jpg 1024w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/input-300x146.jpg 300w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/input-768x373.jpg 768w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/input-600x291.jpg 600w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/input.jpg 1041w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>



<p>После ввода числа и нажатия клавиши Enter, мы получаем результат.</p>



<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4f130324949" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4f130324949-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4f130324949-2">2</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4f130324949-1">Введите число: 42</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab4f130324949-2">Medium</div></div></td>
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<p>Обратите внимание на два момента. Во-первых, внутри функции <strong>input()</strong> в кавычках мы пишем сообщение, которое увидит пользователь. Во-вторых, любые введенные нами символы воспринимаются как тип <strong>str</strong> (string, строка). Соответственно, если мы хотим, чтобы ввод считался числом, сначала его нужно преобразовать с помощью функции <strong>int()</strong>.</p>



<p>Помимо этого <strong>одно условие может быть вложено в другое</strong> (nested decisions). Приведем пример.</p>



<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
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					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-6">6</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-7">7</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-8">8</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-9">9</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-10">10</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-11">11</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-12">12</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-13">13</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-14">14</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-15">15</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-16">16</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-17">17</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-18">18</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-19">19</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-20">20</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-1"><span class="crayon-c"># запрашиваем число</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-2"><span class="crayon-v">y</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">input</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Введите число: '</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-3">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-4"><span class="crayon-c"># проверяем первое условие (не пустая ли строка), если оно выполняется</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-5"><span class="crayon-st">if</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">len</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">y</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">!=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">0</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-6">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-7"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-c"># преобразуем в тип int</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-8"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-v">y</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">int</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">y</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-9">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-10"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-c"># и классифицируем</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-11"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-st">if</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">x</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">&lt;</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">10</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-12"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Small'</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-13"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-st">elif</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">x</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">&lt;</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">100</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-14"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Medium'</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-15"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-st">else</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-16"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Large'</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-17">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-18"><span class="crayon-c"># в противном, говорим, что ввод пустой</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-19"><span class="crayon-st">else</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab50743308287-20"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Ввод пустой'</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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<p>Если ввести число, то алгоритм продолжит классификацию.</p>



<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab52642835529" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab52642835529-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab52642835529-2">2</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab52642835529-1">Введите число: 42</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab52642835529-2">Medium</div></div></td>
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<p>В противном случае, оставив ввод пустым и нажав Enter, классификация будет опущена, и мы получим следующее сообщение.</p>



<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab53476522651" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab53476522651-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab53476522651-2">2</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab53476522651-1">Введите число: </div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab53476522651-2">Ввод пустой</div></div></td>
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<p>В коде можно прописать сразу <strong>несколько условий в одном выражении</strong>. Например, можно объединить <strong>if</strong> c логическими операторами <strong>and</strong> или <strong>or</strong>. Вначале приведу пример с логическим И.</p>



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				<table class="crayon-table">
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					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab54235600323-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab54235600323-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab54235600323-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab54235600323-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab54235600323-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab54235600323-6">6</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab54235600323-7">7</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab54235600323-8">8</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab54235600323-9">9</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab54235600323-10">10</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab54235600323-11">11</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab54235600323-1"><span class="crayon-v">z</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">42</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab54235600323-2">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab54235600323-3"><span class="crayon-c"># если z больше 10 и одновременно меньше 100 </span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab54235600323-4"><span class="crayon-st">if</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">z</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">&gt;</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">10</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-st">and</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">z</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">&lt;</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">100</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab54235600323-5">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab54235600323-6"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-c"># у нас среднее число</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab54235600323-7"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Medium'</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab54235600323-8">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab54235600323-9"><span class="crayon-c"># в противном случае оно либо маленькое либо большое</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab54235600323-10"><span class="crayon-st">else</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab54235600323-11"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Small or Large'</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

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					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab55926956007-1">1</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab55926956007-1">Medium</div></div></td>
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<p>А также логическим ИЛИ.</p>



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					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab56892175243-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab56892175243-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab56892175243-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab56892175243-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab56892175243-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab56892175243-6">6</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab56892175243-7">7</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab56892175243-8">8</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab56892175243-9">9</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab56892175243-10">10</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab56892175243-11">11</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab56892175243-1"><span class="crayon-v">z</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">2</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab56892175243-2">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab56892175243-3"><span class="crayon-c"># если z меньше 10 или больше 100</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab56892175243-4"><span class="crayon-st">if</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">z</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">&lt;</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">10</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-st">or</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">z</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">&gt;</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">100</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab56892175243-5">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab56892175243-6"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-c"># оно либо маленькое либо большое </span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab56892175243-7"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Small or Large'</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab56892175243-8">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab56892175243-9"><span class="crayon-c"># в противном случае оно среднее</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab56892175243-10"><span class="crayon-st">else</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab56892175243-11"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Medium'</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
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					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab57604140055-1">1</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab57604140055-1">Small or Large</div></div></td>
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<p>С помощью if мы можем проверить, <strong>входит ли элемент в состав какого-либо объекта или нет</strong>. Для этого используются операторы <strong>in</strong> и <strong>not in</strong>.</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Оператор <strong>in</strong> возвращает True, если элемент входит в объект;</li>



<li>Оператор <strong>not in</strong> возвращает True, если элемент <em>не</em> входит в объект.</li>
</ul>



<p>Посмотрим на примерах.</p>



<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

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					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab58675389262-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab58675389262-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab58675389262-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab58675389262-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab58675389262-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab58675389262-6">6</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab58675389262-1"><span class="crayon-c"># можно проверить вхождение слова в строку</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab58675389262-2"><span class="crayon-v">sentence</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'To be, or not to be, that is the question'</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab58675389262-3"><span class="crayon-v">word</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'question'</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab58675389262-4">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab58675389262-5"><span class="crayon-st">if</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-e">word </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">sentence</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab58675389262-6"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Слово найдено'</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

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			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
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				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5b983235217-1">1</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5b983235217-1">Слово найдено</div></div></td>
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<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

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			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
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					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5c319057030-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5c319057030-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5c319057030-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5c319057030-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5c319057030-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5c319057030-6">6</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5c319057030-1"><span class="crayon-c"># или отсутствие элемента в списке</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5c319057030-2"><span class="crayon-v">number_list</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-sy">[</span><span class="crayon-cn">2</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">3</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">4</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">6</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">7</span><span class="crayon-sy">]</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5c319057030-3"><span class="crayon-v">number</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">5</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5c319057030-4">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5c319057030-5"><span class="crayon-st">if</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-e">number </span><span class="crayon-st">not</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">number_list</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5c319057030-6"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Такого числа в списке нет'</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5d849867805" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5d849867805-1">1</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5d849867805-1">Такого числа в списке нет</div></div></td>
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<p>Еще раз обращу ваше внимание на то, что <strong>not in</strong> возвращает True, когда элемента НЕТ в объекте. Именно поэтому в примере со списком условие после <strong>if</strong> выполнилось.</p>



<p>Применим оператор <strong>in</strong> к словарю.</p>



<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5e388265889" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5e388265889-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5e388265889-2">2</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5e388265889-1"><span class="crayon-c"># возьмем очень простой словарь</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5e388265889-2"><span class="crayon-v">d</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-sy">{</span><span class="crayon-s">'apple'</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">3</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'tomato'</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">6</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'carrot'</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">2</span><span class="crayon-sy">}</span></div></div></td>
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<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5f969960929" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5f969960929-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5f969960929-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5f969960929-3">3</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5f969960929-1"><span class="crayon-c"># вначале поищем яблоки среди ключей словаря</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5f969960929-2"><span class="crayon-st">if</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'apple'</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">d</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab5f969960929-3"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Нашлись'</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab60795628740" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab60795628740-1">1</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab60795628740-1">Нашлись</div></div></td>
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<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab61357156103" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab61357156103-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab61357156103-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab61357156103-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab61357156103-4">4</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab61357156103-1"><span class="crayon-c"># а затем посмотрим, нет ли числа 6 среди его значений</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab61357156103-2"><span class="crayon-c"># с помощью метода .values()</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab61357156103-3"><span class="crayon-st">if</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">6</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">d</span><span class="crayon-sy">.</span><span class="crayon-e">values</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab61357156103-4"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Есть'</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab62422632357" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab62422632357-1">1</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab62422632357-1">Есть</div></div></td>
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<p>Теперь давайте поговорим про циклы.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="1-tsikly">Циклы</h2>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="773" src="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/for-while-loop-1024x773.jpg" alt="циклы for и while в Питоне" class="wp-image-5830" style="width:526px;height:397px" srcset="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/for-while-loop-1024x773.jpg 1024w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/for-while-loop-300x226.jpg 300w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/for-while-loop-768x580.jpg 768w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/for-while-loop-1536x1159.jpg 1536w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/for-while-loop-1200x906.jpg 1200w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/for-while-loop-600x453.jpg 600w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/for-while-loop.jpg 1746w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure></div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="2-tsikl-for">Цикл for</h3>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="3-osnovnye-operatsii">Основные операции</h4>



<p>С циклом for (for loop) мы уже знакомы. Повторим пройденное на несложном примере.</p>



<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab63042024300" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
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				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab63042024300-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab63042024300-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab63042024300-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab63042024300-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab63042024300-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab63042024300-6">6</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab63042024300-1"><span class="crayon-c"># поочередно выведем элементы списка</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab63042024300-2"><span class="crayon-v">number_list</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-sy">[</span><span class="crayon-cn">1</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">2</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">3</span><span class="crayon-sy">]</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab63042024300-3">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab63042024300-4"><span class="crayon-c"># не забывая про двоеточие и отступ</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab63042024300-5"><span class="crayon-st">for</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-e">number </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">number_list</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab63042024300-6"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">number</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab65242429666" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab65242429666-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab65242429666-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab65242429666-3">3</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab65242429666-1">1</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab65242429666-2">2</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab65242429666-3">3</div></div></td>
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<p>Мы также умеем выводить элементы словаря.</p>



<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab66667629965" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab66667629965-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab66667629965-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab66667629965-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab66667629965-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab66667629965-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab66667629965-6">6</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab66667629965-1"><span class="crayon-c"># создадим словарь, значениями которого будут списки из двух элементов</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab66667629965-2"><span class="crayon-v">d</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-sy">{</span><span class="crayon-s">'apple'</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-sy">[</span><span class="crayon-cn">3</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'kg'</span><span class="crayon-sy">]</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'tomato'</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-sy">[</span><span class="crayon-cn">6</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'pcs'</span><span class="crayon-sy">]</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'carrot'</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-sy">[</span><span class="crayon-cn">2</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'kg'</span><span class="crayon-sy">]</span><span class="crayon-sy">}</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab66667629965-3">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab66667629965-4"><span class="crayon-c"># затем создадим две переменные-контейнера и применим метод .items()</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab66667629965-5"><span class="crayon-st">for</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">k</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-i">v</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">d</span><span class="crayon-sy">.</span><span class="crayon-e">items</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab66667629965-6"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">k</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">v</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab67190206984" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab67190206984-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab67190206984-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab67190206984-3">3</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab67190206984-1">apple [3, 'kg']</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab67190206984-2">tomato [6, 'pcs']</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab67190206984-3">carrot [2, 'kg']</div></div></td>
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<p>Помимо этого мы можем вывести только ключи или только значения с помощью методов <strong>.keys()</strong> и <strong>.values()</strong> соответственно.</p>



<p>Предположим, что мы хотим вывести только числа (первый элемент значения словаря).</p>



<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab68398027246" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab68398027246-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab68398027246-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab68398027246-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab68398027246-4">4</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab68398027246-1"><span class="crayon-c"># возьмем только одну переменную и применим метод .values()</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab68398027246-2"><span class="crayon-st">for</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-i">v</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">d</span><span class="crayon-sy">.</span><span class="crayon-e">values</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab68398027246-3"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-c"># значение представляет собой список, выведем его первый элемент с индексом [0]</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab68398027246-4"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">v</span><span class="crayon-sy">[</span><span class="crayon-cn">0</span><span class="crayon-sy">]</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab69450876321" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab69450876321-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab69450876321-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab69450876321-3">3</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab69450876321-1">3</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab69450876321-2">6</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab69450876321-3">2</div></div></td>
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<p>Цикл for можно применить к массиву Numpy.</p>



<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6a282114239" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
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				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6a282114239-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6a282114239-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6a282114239-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6a282114239-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6a282114239-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6a282114239-6">6</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6a282114239-7">7</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6a282114239-8">8</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6a282114239-9">9</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6a282114239-1"><span class="crayon-c"># импортируем библиотеку numpy</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6a282114239-2"><span class="crayon-r">import</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-e">numpy </span><span class="crayon-st">as</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-i">np</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6a282114239-3">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6a282114239-4"><span class="crayon-c"># создадим массив и поместим в переменную number_array</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6a282114239-5"><span class="crayon-v">number_array</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">np</span><span class="crayon-sy">.</span><span class="crayon-k ">array</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-sy">[</span><span class="crayon-cn">1</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">2</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">3</span><span class="crayon-sy">]</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6a282114239-6">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6a282114239-7"><span class="crayon-c"># пройдемся по нему с помощью цикла for</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6a282114239-8"><span class="crayon-st">for</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-e">number </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">number_array</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6a282114239-9"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">number</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6c590382653" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6c590382653-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6c590382653-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6c590382653-3">3</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6c590382653-1">1</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6c590382653-2">2</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6c590382653-3">3</div></div></td>
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<p>Помимо этого мы можем <strong>вложить один цикл for в другой</strong> (nested for loops). Предположим, что у нас есть следующая база данных клиентов.</p>



<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6d392309803" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6d392309803-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6d392309803-2">2</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6d392309803-1"><span class="crayon-v">clients</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-sy">{</span><span class="crayon-cn">1</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-sy">{</span><span class="crayon-s">'name'</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Анна'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'age'</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">24</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'sex'</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'male'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'revenue'</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">12000</span><span class="crayon-sy">}</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6d392309803-2"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span class="crayon-cn">2</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-sy">{</span><span class="crayon-s">'name'</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Илья'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'age'</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">18</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'sex'</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'female'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'revenue'</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">8000</span><span class="crayon-sy">}</span><span class="crayon-sy">}</span></div></div></td>
					</tr>
				</table>
			</div>
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<p>База данных представляет собой словарь. Ключами являются id клиентов. Значениями &#8212; еще один (вложенный) словарь с информацией о каждом клиенте. </p>



<p>Ключами второго (вложенного) словаря выступают названия полей (ФИО, возраст, пол и выручка с клиента), а значениями &#8212; соответствующая информация. Выведем все эти данные.</p>



<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-6">6</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-7">7</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-8">8</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-9">9</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-10">10</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-11">11</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-12">12</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-13">13</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-14">14</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-1"><span class="crayon-c"># в первом цикле for поместим id и информацию о клиентах в переменные id и info</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-2"><span class="crayon-st">for</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">id</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-e">info </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">clients</span><span class="crayon-sy">.</span><span class="crayon-e">items</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-3"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-4"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-c"># выведем id клиента</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-5"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'client ID: '</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">+</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">str</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-k ">id</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-6">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-7"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-c"># во втором цикле возьмем информацию об очередном клиенте (тоже словарь)</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-8"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-st">for</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">k</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-i">v</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">info</span><span class="crayon-sy">.</span><span class="crayon-e">items</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-9">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-10"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-c"># и выведем каждый ключ (название поля) и значение (саму информацию)</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-11"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">k</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">+</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">': '</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">+</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">str</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">v</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-12"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-13"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-c"># добавим пустую строку после того, как выведем информацию об одном клиенте</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6e433926927-14"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
					</tr>
				</table>
			</div>
		</div>
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<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295-6">6</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295-7">7</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295-8">8</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295-9">9</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295-10">10</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295-11">11</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295-1">client ID: 1</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295-2">name: Анна</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295-3">age: 24</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295-4">sex: male</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295-5">revenue: 12000</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295-6">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295-7">client ID: 2</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295-8">name: Илья</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295-9">age: 18</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295-10">sex: female</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab6f460358295-11">revenue: 8000</div></div></td>
					</tr>
				</table>
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<p>Два комментария.</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Обратите особое внимание на отступы слева, они указывают на очередность выполнения операций. Например, пустая команда <strong>print()</strong> (и соответственно пустая строка) имеет один отступ и будет выполнена после вывода всей информации об одном клиенте, а не после каждого поля с данными.</li>



<li>При использовании функции <strong>print()</strong> мы можем объединить несколько строк, а вот объединить строку и число нельзя. Так как идентификатор (id), значение возраста (age) и значение выручки (revenue) являются числами (тип int), их нужно сначала принудительно сделать строкой через функцию <strong>str()</strong>.</li>
</ul>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="4-funktsii-range-i-enumerate">Функции range() и enumerate()</h4>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading" id="5-funktsiya-range">Функция range()</h5>



<p>Иногда нам бывает нужно создать последовательность чисел и пройтись по ней в цикле. Конечно, можно создать список и заполнить его нужными элементами, но, во-первых, для этого надо написать много кода, во-вторых, это будет неэффективно с точки зрения памяти компьютера. Для этого есть специальная функция <strong>range()</strong>.</p>



<p>Приведем несколько примеров.</p>



<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab70006413472" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab70006413472-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab70006413472-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab70006413472-3">3</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab70006413472-1"><span class="crayon-c"># создадим последовательность от 0 до 4</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab70006413472-2"><span class="crayon-st">for</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-i">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">range</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-cn">5</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab70006413472-3"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab72587318510" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab72587318510-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab72587318510-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab72587318510-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab72587318510-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab72587318510-5">5</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab72587318510-1">0</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab72587318510-2">1</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab72587318510-3">2</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab72587318510-4">3</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab72587318510-5">4</div></div></td>
					</tr>
				</table>
			</div>
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<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab73014420502" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab73014420502-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab73014420502-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab73014420502-3">3</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab73014420502-1"><span class="crayon-c"># от 1 до 5</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab73014420502-2"><span class="crayon-st">for</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-i">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">range</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-cn">1</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">6</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab73014420502-3"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
					</tr>
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<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab74751478110" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab74751478110-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab74751478110-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab74751478110-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab74751478110-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab74751478110-5">5</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab74751478110-1">1</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab74751478110-2">2</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab74751478110-3">3</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab74751478110-4">4</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab74751478110-5">5</div></div></td>
					</tr>
				</table>
			</div>
		</div>
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</div>



<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab75707519016" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab75707519016-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab75707519016-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab75707519016-3">3</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab75707519016-1"><span class="crayon-c"># и от 0 до 5 с шагом 2 (то есть будем выводить числа через одно)</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab75707519016-2"><span class="crayon-st">for</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-i">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">range</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-cn">0</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">6</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">2</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab75707519016-3"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
					</tr>
				</table>
			</div>
		</div>
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<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab76549947240" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab76549947240-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab76549947240-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab76549947240-3">3</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab76549947240-1">0</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab76549947240-2">2</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab76549947240-3">4</div></div></td>
					</tr>
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<p>Теперь рассмотрим, как мы получили такие результаты более детально.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1016" height="223" src="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/range-function.jpg" alt="параметры функции range(start, stop, step)" class="wp-image-5905" style="aspect-ratio:4.563380281690141;width:287px;height:auto" srcset="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/range-function.jpg 1016w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/range-function-300x66.jpg 300w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/range-function-768x169.jpg 768w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/range-function-600x132.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 1016px) 100vw, 1016px" /></figure></div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="910" height="1024" src="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/range-examples-910x1024.jpg" alt="подробное описание параметров функции range()" class="wp-image-5901" style="aspect-ratio:0.8885191347753744;width:504px;height:auto" srcset="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/range-examples-910x1024.jpg 910w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/range-examples-267x300.jpg 267w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/range-examples-768x864.jpg 768w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/range-examples-1366x1536.jpg 1366w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/range-examples-1200x1350.jpg 1200w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/range-examples-600x675.jpg 600w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/range-examples.jpg 1516w" sizes="(max-width: 910px) 100vw, 910px" /></figure></div>


<p>Функция <strong>range()</strong> принимает от одного до трех параметров.</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Если передать только <em>один параметр</em>, то мы начнем последовательность с нуля и закончим на элементе, предшествующем нашему параметру. В примере выше мы передали параметр &#171;пять&#187; (range(5)) и получили последовательность 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.</li>



<li>Если указать <em>два параметра</em>, то мы начнем последовательность с первого параметра и законим на элементе, предшествующем второму параметру. В частности, если написать range(1, 6), то получится 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.</li>



<li><em>Третий параметр</em> устанавливает шаг. По умолчанию он равен единице, однако если, например, написать, range(0, 6, 2), то мы получим 0, 2, 4.</li>
</ul>



<p>Что интересно, если совместить <strong>range()</strong> с функцией <strong>len()</strong>, то такую конструкцию можно использовать для того, чтобы в одном цикле вывести все элементы, например, двух списков <em>по их индексу</em>.</p>



<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521-6">6</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521-7">7</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521-8">8</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521-9">9</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521-10">10</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521-11">11</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521-1"><span class="crayon-c"># возьмем месяцы года</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521-2"><span class="crayon-v">months</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-sy">[</span><span class="crayon-s">'Январь'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Февраль'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Март'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Апрель'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Май'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Июнь'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Июль'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Август'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Сентябрь'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Октябрь'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Ноябрь'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Декабрь'</span><span class="crayon-sy">]</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521-3">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521-4"><span class="crayon-c"># и продажи мороженого в тыс. рублей в каждый из месяцев</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521-5"><span class="crayon-v">sales</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-sy">[</span><span class="crayon-cn">47</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">75</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">79</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">94</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">123</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">209</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">233</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">214</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">197</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">130</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">87</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">55</span><span class="crayon-sy">]</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521-6">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521-7"><span class="crayon-c"># задав последовательность через range(len()),</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521-8"><span class="crayon-st">for</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-i">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">range</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-k ">len</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">months</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521-9">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521-10"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-c"># мы можем вывести каждый из элементов обоих списков в одном цикле</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab77979807521-11"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">months</span><span class="crayon-sy">[</span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-sy">]</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">sales</span><span class="crayon-sy">[</span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-sy">]</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-6">6</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-7">7</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-8">8</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-9">9</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-10">10</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-11">11</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-12">12</div></div>
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						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-1">Январь 47</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-2">Февраль 75</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-3">Март 79</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-4">Апрель 94</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-5">Май 123</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-6">Июнь 209</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-7">Июль 233</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-8">Август 214</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-9">Сентябрь 197</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-10">Октябрь 130</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-11">Ноябрь 87</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab79177998510-12">Декабрь 55</div></div></td>
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<p>Мы уже применяли эту функцию. На <a href="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/intro/clustering-16/">занятии по кластеризации</a>, в методе k-средних мы пробовали разное количество кластеров и смотрели как изменится ошибка модели. Эта функция также использовалась нами при создании <a href="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/intro/recommender-17/">рекомендательной системы</a> и в <a href="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/intro/time-series-20/">модели экспоненциального сглаживания</a>.</p>



<p>Еще раз посмотрите код прошлых уроков, это будет полезным упражнением.</p>



<p class="has-background" style="background-color:#ffe8c4">В целом, если вы хотите найти какой-либо код на этом сайте, воспользуйтесь <strong>поиском по сайту</strong> (иконка лупы).</p>



<p>Интересно, что по последовательности, создаваемой функцией <strong>range()</strong> можно пройтись и в обратном порядке от конца к началу. Сделать это можно тремя способами.</p>



<p><strong>Способ 1</strong>. Использовать функцию <strong>reversed()</strong>. Эта функция меняет порядок элементов списка на обратный.</p>



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					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7a592963486-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7a592963486-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7a592963486-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7a592963486-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7a592963486-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7a592963486-6">6</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7a592963486-7">7</div></div>
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						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7a592963486-1"><span class="crayon-c"># создадим список</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7a592963486-2"><span class="crayon-v">my_list</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-sy">[</span><span class="crayon-cn">0</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">1</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">2</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">3</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">4</span><span class="crayon-sy">]</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7a592963486-3">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7a592963486-4"><span class="crayon-c"># передадим его функции reversed() и</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7a592963486-5"><span class="crayon-c"># выведем каждый из элементов списка с помощью цикла for</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7a592963486-6"><span class="crayon-st">for</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-i">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">reversed</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">my_list</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7a592963486-7"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7b787747099-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7b787747099-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7b787747099-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7b787747099-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7b787747099-5">5</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7b787747099-1">4</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7b787747099-2">3</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7b787747099-3">2</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7b787747099-4">1</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7b787747099-5">0</div></div></td>
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<p>Одновременно ей можно передать последовательность, создаваемую <strong>range()</strong> и вывести результат в цикле <strong>for</strong>.</p>



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					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7c524531537-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7c524531537-2">2</div></div>
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						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7c524531537-1"><span class="crayon-st">for</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-i">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">reversed</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-k ">range</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-cn">5</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7c524531537-2"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7d154575967-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7d154575967-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7d154575967-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7d154575967-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7d154575967-5">5</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7d154575967-1">4</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7d154575967-2">3</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7d154575967-3">2</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7d154575967-4">1</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7d154575967-5">0</div></div></td>
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<p><strong>Способ 2</strong>. Указать $-1$ в качестве параметра шага. При этом важно, чтобы первым параметром указывался конечный элемент списка, а вторым &#8212; начальный.</p>



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						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7e989526356-1"><span class="crayon-st">for</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-i">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">range</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-cn">4</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">0</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">-</span><span class="crayon-cn">1</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7e989526356-2"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7f788078070-1">4</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7f788078070-2">3</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7f788078070-3">2</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab7f788078070-4">1</div></div></td>
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<p>Обратите внимание, что в примере выше 4 входит в создаваемую последовательность, а вот 0 уже нет. Для того чтобы вывести 0, вторым параметром нужно также указать $-1$.</p>



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						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab80611228491-1"><span class="crayon-st">for</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-i">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">range</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-cn">4</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">-</span><span class="crayon-cn">1</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">-</span><span class="crayon-cn">1</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab80611228491-2"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab81772417765-1">4</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab81772417765-2">3</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab81772417765-3">2</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab81772417765-4">1</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab81772417765-5">0</div></div></td>
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<p><strong>Способ 3</strong>. Функция <strong>sorted()</strong>. Наконец, хотя в данном случае это явно не оптимальный вариант, можно использовать функцию <strong>sorted()</strong>, которая сортирует элементы списка по убыванию, если передать ей параметр <em>reverse = True</em>.</p>



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						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab82415147343-1"><span class="crayon-c"># создадим последовательность от 0 до 4</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab82415147343-2"><span class="crayon-v">r</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">range</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-cn">5</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab82415147343-3">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab82415147343-4"><span class="crayon-c"># отсортируем ее по убыванию</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab82415147343-5"><span class="crayon-v">sorted_values</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">sorted</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">r</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">reverse</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-t">True</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab82415147343-6">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab82415147343-7"><span class="crayon-c"># выведем элементы отсортированной последовательности</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab82415147343-8"><span class="crayon-st">for</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-i">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">sorted_values</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab82415147343-9"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab83719977422-1">4</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab83719977422-2">3</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab83719977422-3">2</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab83719977422-4">1</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab83719977422-5">0</div></div></td>
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<p>Про функции <strong>reversed()</strong> и <strong>sorted()</strong> мы будем также говорить на занятии, посвященном <a href="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/python/list-tuple-set-07/">спискам, кортежами и множествам</a>.</p>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading" id="6-funktsiya-enumerate">Функция enumerate()</h5>



<p id="enum">Теперь давайте посмотрим на функцию <strong>enumerate()</strong>. Мы можем использовать эту функцию, если у нас есть, например, список и, проходясь в цикле по этому списку, мы хотим также получить порядковый номер (индекс) элементов списка.</p>



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					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab85321035804-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab85321035804-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab85321035804-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab85321035804-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab85321035804-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab85321035804-6">6</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab85321035804-1"><span class="crayon-c"># пусть дан список с днями недели</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab85321035804-2"><span class="crayon-v">days</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-sy">[</span><span class="crayon-s">'Понедельник'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Вторник'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Среда'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Четверг'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Пятница'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Суббота'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Воскресенье'</span><span class="crayon-sy">]</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab85321035804-3">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab85321035804-4"><span class="crayon-c"># выведем индекс (i) и сами элементы списка (day) </span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab85321035804-5"><span class="crayon-st">for</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-e">day </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">enumerate</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">days</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab85321035804-6"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">day</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab86023286422-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab86023286422-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab86023286422-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab86023286422-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab86023286422-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab86023286422-6">6</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab86023286422-7">7</div></div>
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						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab86023286422-1">0 Понедельник</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab86023286422-2">1 Вторник</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab86023286422-3">2 Среда</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab86023286422-4">3 Четверг</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab86023286422-5">4 Пятница</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab86023286422-6">5 Суббота</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab86023286422-7">6 Воскресенье</div></div></td>
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<p>Все выглядит хорошо, но неделю логичнее начинать с первого дня, а не с нулевого. Для этого функции <strong>enumerate()</strong> можно передать начальное значение.</p>



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					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab87680072379-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab87680072379-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab87680072379-3">3</div></div>
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						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab87680072379-1"><span class="crayon-c"># так же выведем индекс и элементы списка, но начнем с 1</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab87680072379-2"><span class="crayon-st">for</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-e">day </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">enumerate</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">days</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">1</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab87680072379-3"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">day</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab88513697995-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab88513697995-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab88513697995-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab88513697995-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab88513697995-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab88513697995-6">6</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab88513697995-7">7</div></div>
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						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab88513697995-1">1 Понедельник</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab88513697995-2">2 Вторник</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab88513697995-3">3 Среда</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab88513697995-4">4 Четверг</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab88513697995-5">5 Пятница</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab88513697995-6">6 Суббота</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab88513697995-7">7 Воскресенье</div></div></td>
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<p>Эту функцию мы уже применяли на занятиях по <a href="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/intro/cv-18/">компьютерному зрению</a> и <a href="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/intro/topic-identification-19/">обработке естественного языка</a>.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="7-tsikl-while">Цикл while</h3>



<p>С циклом <strong>while</strong> (while loop) мы пока не знакомы. Как уже было сказано, цикл выполняется пока верно прописанное в нем условие.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="354" src="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/while-1024x354.jpg" alt="синтаксис цикла while" class="wp-image-5926" style="width:495px;height:171px" srcset="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/while-1024x354.jpg 1024w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/while-300x104.jpg 300w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/while-768x265.jpg 768w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/while-1536x531.jpg 1536w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/while-2048x708.jpg 2048w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/while-1200x415.jpg 1200w, https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/while-600x207.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure></div>


<p>В целом все просто, но есть один нюанс.</p>



<p class="has-background" style="background-color:#ffe8c4">Условие должно в какой-то момент перестать быть верным, иначе цикл станет бесконечным. Для этого существует <strong>счетчик</strong> (counter).</p>



<p>Посмотрим как это можно реализовать на Питоне.</p>



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					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-6">6</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-7">7</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-8">8</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-9">9</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-10">10</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-11">11</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-12">12</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-13">13</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-14">14</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-15">15</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-16">16</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-17">17</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-1"><span class="crayon-c"># зададим начальное значение счетчика</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-2"><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">0</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-3">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-4"><span class="crayon-c"># пока счетчик меньше трех</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-5"><span class="crayon-st">while</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">&lt;</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">3</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-6">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-7"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-c"># в каждом цикле будем выводить его текущее значение</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-8"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Текущее значение счетчика:&nbsp;&nbsp;'</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">+</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">str</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-9">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-10"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-c"># внутри цикла не забудем "нарастить" счетчик</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-11"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">+</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">1</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-12">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-13"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-c"># и выведем новое значение</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-14"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Новое значение счетчика:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">+</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">str</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-15"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-16"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-c"># добавим пустую строку</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab89330416883-17"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8a952468413" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8a952468413-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8a952468413-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8a952468413-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8a952468413-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8a952468413-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8a952468413-6">6</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8a952468413-7">7</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8a952468413-8">8</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8a952468413-1">Текущее значение счетчика:&nbsp;&nbsp;0</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8a952468413-2">Новое значение счетчика:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8a952468413-3">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8a952468413-4">Текущее значение счетчика:&nbsp;&nbsp;1</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8a952468413-5">Новое значение счетчика:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8a952468413-6">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8a952468413-7">Текущее значение счетчика:&nbsp;&nbsp;2</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8a952468413-8">Новое значение счетчика:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3</div></div></td>
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<p>Рассмотрим еще раз, как мы получили такой результат.</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>У нас есть <em>начальное значение</em> счетчика, равное нулю (i = 0) (хотя конечно значение счетчика может быть любым);</li>



<li>При <em>первой итерации</em>, так как 0 &lt; 3, исполняем код в цикле и увеличиваем счетчик на 1 (теперь i = 1);</li>



<li>На <em>второй итерации</em>, 1 &lt; 3, условие по-прежнему верно, снова исполняем код и увеличиваем счетчик на 1 (i = 2);</li>



<li>На <em>третьей итерации</em>, 2 &lt; 3, условие верно, исполняем код и увеличиваем счетчик на 1 (i = 3);</li>



<li>Далее, алгоритм пытается выполнить <em>четвертую итерацию</em> цикла, однако так как 3 &lt; 3 ложно, цикл прерывается.</li>
</ul>



<p>Небольшой лайфхак. Вместо того, чтобы писать 
			<span id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8b115042475" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax-inline  crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy-inline urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;font-size: 16px !important;"><span class="crayon-pre urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;font-size: 16px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">+</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">1</span></span></span> Питон позволяет использовать <strong>короткую запись</strong> (shorthand operator): 
			<span id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8d376567073" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax-inline  crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy-inline urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;font-size: 16px !important;"><span class="crayon-pre urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;font-size: 16px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">+=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">1</span></span></span>.</p>



<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8e207030957" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8e207030957-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8e207030957-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8e207030957-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8e207030957-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8e207030957-5">5</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8e207030957-1"><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">0</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8e207030957-2">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8e207030957-3"><span class="crayon-st">while</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">&lt;</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">3</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8e207030957-4"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8e207030957-5"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">+=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">1</span></div></div></td>
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<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8f277545639" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8f277545639-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8f277545639-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8f277545639-3">3</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8f277545639-1">0</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8f277545639-2">1</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab8f277545639-3">2</div></div></td>
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<p>Оператор 
			<span id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab90985072973" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax-inline  crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy-inline urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;font-size: 16px !important;"><span class="crayon-pre urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;font-size: 16px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><span class="crayon-o">+=</span></span></span> прибавляет значение переменной и одновременно присваивает ей это новое увеличенное значение (поэтому его еще называют addition assignment). Короткая запись также применяется к операциям вычитания (
			<span id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab95116974665" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax-inline  crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy-inline urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;font-size: 16px !important;"><span class="crayon-pre urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;font-size: 16px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><span class="crayon-o">-=</span></span></span>), умножения (
			<span id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab9d650930249" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax-inline  crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy-inline urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;font-size: 16px !important;"><span class="crayon-pre urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;font-size: 16px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><span class="crayon-o">*=</span></span></span>) и деления (
			<span id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5ab9f748725613" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax-inline  crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy-inline urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;font-size: 16px !important;"><span class="crayon-pre urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;font-size: 16px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><span class="crayon-o">/=</span></span></span>).</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="8-operatory-break-i-continue">Операторы break и continue</h3>



<p>Ходом исполнения цикла можно управлять.</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="9-operator-break">Оператор break</h4>



<p>Представьте, что вы пишете цикл, который затем примените к очень длинному словарю или списку (в нем, например, 10 тыс. элементов), но вы не уверены в своем коде. Если цикл применить сразу ко всему объекту и при этом окажется, что код делает не совсем то, что вы хотите, то придется ждать, пока компьютер выведет все 10 тыс. записей.</p>



<p>Логично протестировать код на первой записи, а уже потом двигаться дальше. В этом нам поможет оператор <strong>break</strong> (прерывание цикла).</p>



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					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-6">6</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-7">7</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-8">8</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-9">9</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-10">10</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-11">11</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-12">12</div></div>
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						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-1"><span class="crayon-c"># вновь возьмем словарь clients</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-2"><span class="crayon-v">clients</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-sy">{</span><span class="crayon-cn">1</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-sy">{</span><span class="crayon-s">'name'</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Анна'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'age'</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">24</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'sex'</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'male'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'revenue'</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">12000</span><span class="crayon-sy">}</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-3"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span class="crayon-cn">2</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-sy">{</span><span class="crayon-s">'name'</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Илья'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'age'</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">18</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'sex'</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'female'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'revenue'</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">8000</span><span class="crayon-sy">}</span><span class="crayon-sy">}</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-4">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-5"><span class="crayon-c"># в цикле пройдемся по ключам и значениям словаря</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-6"><span class="crayon-st">for</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">id</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-e">info </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">clients</span><span class="crayon-sy">.</span><span class="crayon-e">items</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-7">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-8"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-c"># и выведем их</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-9"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-k ">id</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">info</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-10">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-11"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-c"># однако уже после первого исполнения цикла, прервем его</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba1072195588-12"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-st">break</span></div></div></td>
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						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba2426901332-1">1 {'name': 'Анна', 'age': 24, 'sex': 'male', 'revenue': 12000}</div></div></td>
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<p>Цикл можно также прерывать при наступлении определенного условия.</p>



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						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba3656269078-1"><span class="crayon-c"># зададим начальное значение счетчика</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba3656269078-2"><span class="crayon-v">x</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">6</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba3656269078-3">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba3656269078-4"><span class="crayon-c"># будем исполнять цикл пока x не равен нулю</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba3656269078-5"><span class="crayon-st">while</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">x</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">!=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">0</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba3656269078-6">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba3656269078-7"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-c"># выведем текущее значение счетчика</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba3656269078-8"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">x</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba3656269078-9">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba3656269078-10"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-c"># и уменьшим (!) его на 1</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba3656269078-11"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-v">x</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">-=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">1</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba3656269078-12">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba3656269078-13"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-c"># если значение счетчика станет равным 3, прервем цикл</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba3656269078-14"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-st">if</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">x</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">==</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">3</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba3656269078-15"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-st">break</span></div></div></td>
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<p>Мы прервали цикл, когда значение счетчика стало равно трем.</p>



<p>Также обратите внимание, что здесь цикл двигается в сторону уменьшения (с помощью 
			<span id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba5596268454" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax-inline  crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy-inline urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;font-size: 16px !important;"><span class="crayon-pre urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;font-size: 16px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><span class="crayon-o">-=</span></span></span>). Мы начали с x = 6 и должны были вывести значения 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, если бы условие не прервало выполнение цикла.</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="10-operator-continue">Оператор continue</h4>



<p>Иногда цикл не нужно прерывать, но нужно как бы &#171;перескочить&#187; одну или несколько итераций этого цикла. В этом случае применяется оператор <strong>continue</strong>. </p>



<p>Предположим, нам нужно создать последовательность целых чисел от 1 до 10 включительно и вывести только четные числа.</p>



<p class="has-background" style="background-color:#ffe8c4">Как мы помним, четное число &#8212; это число, которое делится на два <em>без остатка</em>.</p>



<p>Последовательность создавать мы умеем. Взятие остатка от деления мы <a href="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/python/data-types-02/">уже рассмотрели</a> на прошлом занятии. Осталось написать код целиком.</p>



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					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-6">6</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-7">7</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-8">8</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-9">9</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-10">10</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-11">11</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-12">12</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-1"><span class="crayon-c"># с помощью функции range создадим последовательность от 1 до 10</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-2"><span class="crayon-st">for</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-i">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">range</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-cn">1</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">11</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-3">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-4"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-c"># если остаток от деления на два не равен нулю (то есть число нечетное)</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-5"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-st">if</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">%</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">2</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">!=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">0</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-6">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-7"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-c"># идем к следующему числу последовательности</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-8"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-st">continue</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-9"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-10"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-c"># в противном случае выводим число</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-11"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-st">else</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba6484612114-12"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba7211192189" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba7211192189-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba7211192189-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba7211192189-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba7211192189-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba7211192189-5">5</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba7211192189-1">2</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba7211192189-2">4</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba7211192189-3">6</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba7211192189-4">8</div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba7211192189-5">10</div></div></td>
					</tr>
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<p>Как мы видим, остались только четные числа.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="11-formatirovanie-strok-v-funktsii-print">Форматирование строк в функции print()</h2>



<p>Результат работы программы может содержать как текст (строковые значения), так и переменные. Объединить их можно с помощью <strong>f-строк</strong> (f-string) и метода <strong>.format()</strong>.</p>



<p>Сразу приведем пример.</p>



<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba8436820608" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
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				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba8436820608-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba8436820608-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba8436820608-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba8436820608-4">4</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba8436820608-5">5</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba8436820608-6">6</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba8436820608-1"><span class="crayon-c"># снова возьмем список с днями недели</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba8436820608-2"><span class="crayon-v">days</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-sy">[</span><span class="crayon-s">'Понедельник'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Вторник'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Среда'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Четверг'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Пятница'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Суббота'</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-s">'Воскресенье'</span><span class="crayon-sy">]</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba8436820608-3">&nbsp;</div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba8436820608-4"><span class="crayon-c"># и для простоты поместим слово "Понедельник" в переменную Monday</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba8436820608-5"><span class="crayon-v">Monday</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">days</span><span class="crayon-sy">[</span><span class="crayon-cn">0</span><span class="crayon-sy">]</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba8436820608-6"><span class="crayon-v">Monday</span></div></div></td>
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<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba9011533960" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba9011533960-1">1</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5aba9011533960-1">'Понедельник'</div></div></td>
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<p>Теперь напишем фразу &#171;Понедельник —&nbsp;день тяжелый&#187; следующим образом.</p>



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		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abaa390081805" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abaa390081805-1">1</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abaa390081805-1"><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-i">f</span><span class="crayon-s">'{Monday} - день тяжелый'</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abab486746784" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abab486746784-1">1</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abab486746784-1">Понедельник - день тяжелый</div></div></td>
					</tr>
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<p>Мы использовали переменную Monday в строке вывода функции <strong>print()</strong>. Для этого перед строкой мы поставили букву f, а саму переменную заключили в фигурные скобки.</p>



<p>То же самое можно сделать с помощью метода <strong>.format()</strong>.</p>



<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abac681576536" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abac681576536-1">1</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abac681576536-1"><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'{} - день тяжелый'</span><span class="crayon-sy">.</span><span class="crayon-k ">format</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-v">Monday</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
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<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abad849599731" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abad849599731-1">1</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abad849599731-1">Понедельник - день тяжелый</div></div></td>
					</tr>
				</table>
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<p>Фигурные скобки внутри строки остались пустыми. К самой строке мы применяем метод <strong>.format()</strong>, которому передаем нашу переменную.</p>



<p>Мы уже использовали f-строки, когда <a href="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/intro/cv-18/">выводили изображения</a> из датасета MNIST или <a href="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/intro/topic-identification-19/">создавали мешок слов</a> с помощью класса CountVectorizer. Рекомендую вновь посмотреть этот код.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="12-podvedem-itog">Подведем итог</h2>



<p>Систематизируем пройденное на сегодняшнем занятии. В первой части мы вновь обратились к условиям с <strong>if</strong> и научились: </p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>создавать множественные условия с <strong>if-elif-else</strong>;</li>



<li>вкладывать одно условие в другое;</li>



<li>объединять несколько условий с помощью логических операторов <strong>and</strong> и <strong>or</strong>; а также</li>



<li>использовать конструкции <strong>if + in</strong> и <strong>if + not in</strong>, чтобы проверить вхождение элемента в список или, например, словарь.</li>
</ul>



<p>Во второй части мы продолжили изучать цикл <strong>for</strong> и познакомились с циклом <strong>while</strong>. Мы узнали, что:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>циклы, как и условия, можно вкладывать один в другой;</li>



<li>с помощью функции <strong>range()</strong> мы можем создавать новую последовательность элементов;</li>



<li>функция <strong>enumerate()</strong> создает индекс для существующей последовательности;</li>



<li>цикл <strong>while</strong> выполняется пока верно определенное условие, а чтобы он не стал бесконечным нужно использовать счетчик.</li>
</ul>



<p>Кроме того, мы узнали, что циклами можно управлять:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Оператор <strong>break</strong> позволяет прервать выполнение цикла;</li>



<li>Оператор <strong>continue</strong> прерывает выполнение конкретной итерации, но сам цикл продолжает исполняться.</li>
</ul>



<p>В заключительной части занятия мы узнали, как можно форматировать строковые значения и переменные через <strong>f-строки</strong> и метод <strong>.format()</strong>.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="13-voprosy-dlya-zakrepleniya">Вопросы для закрепления</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-background" style="background-color:#ffe8c4">Сколько раз можно вставить оператор <strong>elif</strong> в конструкцию <strong>if-elif-else</strong>?</p>


<div class="wp-block-ub-content-toggle" id="ub-content-toggle-3258c4d8-3947-4fb7-81c6-a6f096b595c3" data-mobilecollapse="true" data-desktopcollapse="true">
<div class="wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion" id="ub-content-toggle-panel-block-76511501-5772-40ce-82dd-6a9930dfec97">
                <div class="wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap"" aria-controls="ub-content-toggle-panel-0-3258c4d8-3947-4fb7-81c6-a6f096b595c3" tabindex="0">
                    <p class="wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-3258c4d8-3947-4fb7-81c6-a6f096b595c3">Посмотреть правильный ответ</p><div class="wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap left"><span class="wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-math-plus"></span>
                    </div></div><div role="region" aria-expanded="false" class="wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide" id="ub-content-toggle-panel-0-3258c4d8-3947-4fb7-81c6-a6f096b595c3">

<p>Ответ: в конструкции <strong>if-elif-else</strong> (1) оператор <strong>elif</strong> может быть использован <em>любое</em> количество раз, при этом (2) <strong>if</strong> и <strong>else</strong> могут быть использованы только <em>один</em> раз, (3) использование <strong>else</strong> <em>не обязательно</em></p>

</div></div>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-background" style="background-color:#ffe8c4">Обязательно ли использовать <strong>f-строку</strong> или метод <strong>.format()</strong> вместе с функцией <strong>print()</strong>?</p>


<div class="wp-block-ub-content-toggle" id="ub-content-toggle-fe05a8b8-1d40-47b6-bb4f-c154a4621f4e" data-mobilecollapse="true" data-desktopcollapse="true">
<div class="wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion" id="ub-content-toggle-panel-block-9c1aa09a-ce6b-44e7-a813-84e07121e407">
                <div class="wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap"" aria-controls="ub-content-toggle-panel-0-fe05a8b8-1d40-47b6-bb4f-c154a4621f4e" tabindex="0">
                    <p class="wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-fe05a8b8-1d40-47b6-bb4f-c154a4621f4e">Посмотреть правильный ответ</p><div class="wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap left"><span class="wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-math-plus"></span>
                    </div></div><div role="region" aria-expanded="false" class="wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide" id="ub-content-toggle-panel-0-fe05a8b8-1d40-47b6-bb4f-c154a4621f4e">

<p>Ответ: нет, не обязательно. При создании <a href="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/intro/topic-identification-19/#cvbowdf">мешка слов</a>, мы использовали <strong>f-строку</strong> для создания индекса датафрейма.</p>

</div></div>
</div>


<p>На следующем занятии мы посмотрим, как <a href="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/python/files-04/">работать с файлами в Google Colab</a>.</p>


<div id="ub_divider_476b6cd1-6aeb-427a-913b-33edc1d6b619" class="wp-block-ub-divider ub-divider-orientation-horizontal"><hr class="ub_divider" ></hr></div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="14-otvety-na-voprosy">Ответы на вопросы</h3>



<p><strong>Вопрос</strong>. В функции <strong>range()</strong> только один обязательный параметр?</p>



<p><strong>Ответ</strong>. Да, совершенно верно. Единственный обязательный параметр &#8212; это число, перед которым должна остановиться последовательность. То есть если вы пишете 
			<span id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abaf474786548" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax-inline  crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy-inline urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;font-size: 16px !important;"><span class="crayon-pre urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;font-size: 16px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><span class="crayon-k ">range</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-cn">7</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span>, последовательность начнется с 0 и дойдет до 6 включительно.</p>



<p>Прописав два параметра, вы укажете начало и конец последовательности. Три параметра &#8212; начало, конец и шаг.</p>


<div id="ub_divider_d9658215-3906-4196-823e-acb830535ccf" class="wp-block-ub-divider ub-divider-orientation-horizontal"><hr class="ub_divider" ></hr></div>


<p><strong>Вопрос</strong>. Можно ли с функцией <strong>range()</strong> использовать цикл <strong>while</strong>?</p>



<p><strong>Ответ</strong>. Да, можно, но решение, скорее всего, будет не оптимальным. С <strong>while</strong> такой цикл можно записать следующим образом.</p>



<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abbe221179417" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abbe221179417-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abbe221179417-2">2</div><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abbe221179417-3">3</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abbe221179417-4">4</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abbe221179417-1"><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">1</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abbe221179417-2"><span class="crayon-st">while</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-i">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">range</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-cn">1</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">11</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abbe221179417-3"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Значение счетчика '</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abbe221179417-4"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-o">+=</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">1</span></div></div></td>
					</tr>
				</table>
			</div>
		</div>
<!-- [Format Time: 0.0003 seconds] -->
</div>



<p>То же самое можно записать в две строчки через <strong>for</strong>.</p>



<div class="wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block"><!-- Urvanov Syntax Highlighter v2.8.37 -->

		<div id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abbf169797143" class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-syntax crayon-theme-familiar-my-copy urvanov-syntax-highlighter-font-consolas urvanov-syntax-highlighter-os-pc print-yes notranslate" data-settings=" minimize scroll-always" style=" margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;">
		
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-plain-wrap"></div>
			<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-main" style="">
				<table class="crayon-table">
					<tr class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-row">
				<td class="crayon-nums " data-settings="show">
					<div class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-nums-content" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important;"><div class="crayon-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abbf169797143-1">1</div><div class="crayon-num crayon-striped-num" data-line="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abbf169797143-2">2</div></div>
				</td>
						<td class="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code"><div class="crayon-pre" style="font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; -moz-tab-size:4; -o-tab-size:4; -webkit-tab-size:4; tab-size:4;"><div class="crayon-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abbf169797143-1"><span class="crayon-st">for</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-i">i</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-st">in</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-k ">range</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-cn">1</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-cn">11</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span><span class="crayon-o">:</span></div><div class="crayon-line crayon-striped-line" id="urvanov-syntax-highlighter-672da50b5abbf169797143-2"><span class="crayon-h">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="crayon-k ">print</span><span class="crayon-sy">(</span><span class="crayon-s">'Значение счетчика '</span><span class="crayon-sy">,</span><span class="crayon-h"> </span><span class="crayon-v">i</span><span class="crayon-sy">)</span></div></div></td>
					</tr>
				</table>
			</div>
		</div>
<!-- [Format Time: 0.0002 seconds] -->
</div>



<p>Я добавил этот код в конце блокнота для наглядности.</p>


<div id="ub_divider_071fd7d1-9e87-4b90-8fec-015fe7cb92b5" class="wp-block-ub-divider ub-divider-orientation-horizontal"><hr class="ub_divider" ></hr></div>


<p><strong>Вопрос</strong>. Почему <strong>range()</strong> более эффективна с точки зрения памяти компьютера?</p>



<p><strong>Ответ</strong>. Список (list) возвращает набор чисел и сразу размещает все эти числа в оперативной памяти компьютера.</p>



<p>Функция <strong>range()</strong> возвращает объект range, который представляет собой генератор чисел. Он выдает только одно число за раз и, таким образом, экономит память компьютера.</p>


<div id="ub_divider_6638b9dc-ba75-4253-a379-c2f8e4281bcf" class="wp-block-ub-divider ub-divider-orientation-horizontal"><hr class="ub_divider" ></hr></div>


<p><strong>Вопрос</strong>. Почему на занятии по обработке естественного языка в цикле for с функцией <strong>enumerate()</strong> вы использовали символ нижнего подчеркивания (&#171;_&#187;)?</p>



<p><strong>Ответ</strong>. Вероятно, вы имеете в виду <a href="https://www.dmitrymakarov.ru/intro/topic-identification-19/#cvbowdf">вот этот код</a>.</p>



<p>Здесь у нас две переменные-контейнера: индекс и предложения. Так как нас интересует только индекс, предложения мы обозначили символом подчеркивания. Другими словами, так обозначают переменные, которые нельзя не указать, но которые затем не используются.</p>


<div id="ub_divider_626d768f-77e4-4ae3-b7c7-37d06d1016d3" class="wp-block-ub-divider ub-divider-orientation-horizontal"><hr class="ub_divider" ></hr></div>


<p><strong>Вопрос</strong>. Мне кажется, что в примере с оператором <strong>continue</strong> без последнего можно обойтись.</p>



<p><strong>Ответ</strong>. Да, вы правы, можно обойтись без <strong>continue</strong> (вариант без этого оператора вы найдете в конце блокнота). Такой простой пример я конечно привел в учебных целях.</p>



<p>В целом <strong>continue</strong> удобно использовать для того, чтобы (1) повысить читаемость кода при проверке множества условий (в противном случае вам придется использовать несколько вложенных <strong>if</strong>) или если вам нужно (2) проверить какое-либо условие перед выполнением очень длинного кода.</p>

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