kernel/hal/x64/vga.cpp - main - dgrigorev/MicroNT

kernel/hal/x64/vga.cpp
1 191 строка61 KB
Дмитрий Григорьев
Add PS2 mouse driver
19 май 2026, 14:05
19 май 2026, 14:05ae25429
// vga.cpp -- GOP framebuffer text console (replaces legacy VGA MMIO).
// Renders text directly into the UEFI GOP linear framebuffer.
// No CRTC registers, no 0xB8000 -- bypasses all VGA text-mode quirks.
#include "../../include/ntdef.h"
#include "../../include/bootinfo.h"
#include "../../include/hal.h"

namespace VGA {

static const u8 s_font[4096] = {
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x7E, 0x81, 0xA5, 0x81, 0x81, 0xBD, 0x99, 0x81, 0x81, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xDB, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xC3, 0xE7, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6C, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x7C, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x38, 0x7C, 0xFE, 0x7C, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0xE7, 0xE7, 0xE7, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xE7, 0xC3, 0xC3, 0xE7, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x66, 0x42, 0x42, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xC3, 0x99, 0xBD, 0xBD, 0x99, 0xC3, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x1E, 0x0E, 0x1A, 0x32, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x3F, 0x33, 0x3F, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x70, 0xF0, 0xE0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x7F, 0x63, 0x7F, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x67, 0xE7, 0xE6, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0xDB, 0x3C, 0xE7, 0x3C, 0xDB, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x80, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xF8, 0xFE, 0xF8, 0xF0, 0xE0, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x02, 0x06, 0x0E, 0x1E, 0x3E, 0xFE, 0x3E, 0x1E, 0x0E, 0x06, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x7F, 0xDB, 0xDB, 0xDB, 0x7B, 0x1B, 0x1B, 0x1B, 0x1B, 0x1B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0x60, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x0C, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x0C, 0xFE, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x60, 0xFE, 0x60, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x28, 0x6C, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0x28, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x38, 0x38, 0x7C, 0x7C, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x7C, 0x7C, 0x38, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x24, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x18, 0x18, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC2, 0xC0, 0x7C, 0x06, 0x06, 0x86, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC2, 0xC6, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC6, 0x86, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x76, 0xDC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0x3C, 0xFF, 0x3C, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x38, 0x78, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC0, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x06, 0x3C, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x1C, 0x3C, 0x6C, 0xCC, 0xFE, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xFC, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x60, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xFC, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7E, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xDE, 0xDE, 0xDE, 0xDC, 0xC0, 0xC4, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x66, 0xC2, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC2, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x6C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x6C, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x66, 0x62, 0x68, 0x78, 0x68, 0x60, 0x62, 0x66, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x66, 0x62, 0x68, 0x78, 0x68, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x66, 0xC2, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xDE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x66, 0x3A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x1E, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0xE6, 0x66, 0x66, 0x6C, 0x78, 0x78, 0x6C, 0x66, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x62, 0x66, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xEE, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0xD6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xE6, 0xF6, 0xFE, 0xDE, 0xCE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xD6, 0xDE, 0x7C, 0x0C, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x6C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x60, 0x38, 0x0C, 0x06, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x7E, 0x7E, 0x5A, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xFE, 0xEE, 0x6C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x7C, 0x38, 0x38, 0x7C, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0x86, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC2, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xC0, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x10, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x0C, 0x7C, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0xE0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x78, 0x6C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x1C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x3C, 0x6C, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x1C, 0x36, 0x32, 0x30, 0x7C, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x76, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7C, 0x0C, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0xE0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x6C, 0x76, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x38, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x06, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0xE0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x66, 0x6C, 0x78, 0x78, 0x6C, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xEC, 0xFE, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xDC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xDC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x76, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x1E, 0x00,
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    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Framebuffer state (set once from BootInfo by SetFramebuffer())
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
static u32*  s_fb        = nullptr;
static u32   s_fb_w      = 0;   // pixels wide
static u32   s_fb_h      = 0;   // pixels tall
static u32   s_fb_stride = 0;   // pixels per scan line
static bool  s_fb_bgr    = false;// true = BGRX, false = RGBX

// Text-mode cursor (character units)
static u32 s_cols = 80;
static u32 s_rows = 25;
static u32 s_row  = 1;
static u32 s_col  = 0;
static bool s_cursor_visible = false;  // is cursor currently drawn?

static bool s_mouse_visible = false;
static u32  s_mouse_x = 0;
static u32  s_mouse_y = 0;
static u32  s_mouse_backing[24 * 32];
static u32 s_origin_x = 0;             // pixel origin of the text surface
static u32 s_origin_y = 0;

static constexpr u32 CHAR_W = 8;
static constexpr u32 CHAR_H = 16;

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// CGA 16-colour palette
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
static const u32 s_palette[16] = {
    0x000000, 0x0000AA, 0x00AA00, 0x00AAAA,
    0xAA0000, 0xAA00AA, 0xAA5500, 0xAAAAAA,
    0x555555, 0x5555FF, 0x55FF55, 0x55FFFF,
    0xFF5555, 0xFF55FF, 0xFFFF55, 0xFFFFFF,
};

// Convert RGB value to native pixel word (RGBX or BGRX)
static u32 ToPixel(u32 rgb) {
    u8 r = (u8)(rgb >> 16), g = (u8)(rgb >> 8), b = (u8)(rgb);
    if (s_fb_bgr) return (u32)b | ((u32)g << 8) | ((u32)r << 16);
    return (u32)r | ((u32)g << 8) | ((u32)b << 16);
}
static u32 AttrFg(u8 attr) { return ToPixel(s_palette[attr & 0x0F]); }
static u32 AttrBg(u8 attr) { return ToPixel(s_palette[(attr >> 4) & 0x07]); }

static void EraseCursor();
static void DrawCursorShape();

static void FillRect(u32 x, u32 y, u32 w, u32 h, u32 rgb) {
    if (!s_fb || x >= s_fb_w || y >= s_fb_h) return;
    if (x + w > s_fb_w) w = s_fb_w - x;
    if (y + h > s_fb_h) h = s_fb_h - y;
    u32 px = ToPixel(rgb);
    for (u32 yy = 0; yy < h; ++yy) {
        u32* row = s_fb + (y + yy) * s_fb_stride + x;
        for (u32 xx = 0; xx < w; ++xx) row[xx] = px;
    }
}

static void RectOutline(u32 x, u32 y, u32 w, u32 h, u32 light, u32 dark) {
    if (w < 2 || h < 2) return;
    FillRect(x, y, w, 1, light);
    FillRect(x, y, 1, h, light);
    FillRect(x, y + h - 1, w, 1, dark);
    FillRect(x + w - 1, y, 1, h, dark);
}

static void FillVerticalGradient(u32 x, u32 y, u32 w, u32 h, u32 top, u32 bottom) {
    if (h == 0) return;
    int tr = (top >> 16) & 0xFF, tg = (top >> 8) & 0xFF, tb = top & 0xFF;
    int br = (bottom >> 16) & 0xFF, bg = (bottom >> 8) & 0xFF, bb = bottom & 0xFF;
    for (u32 yy = 0; yy < h; ++yy) {
        u32 r = (u32)(tr + ((br - tr) * (int)yy) / (int)h);
        u32 g = (u32)(tg + ((bg - tg) * (int)yy) / (int)h);
        u32 b = (u32)(tb + ((bb - tb) * (int)yy) / (int)h);
        FillRect(x, y + yy, w, 1, (r << 16) | (g << 8) | b);
    }
}

static void DrawGlyphAbs(u32 px, u32 py, u8 ch, u32 fg, u32 bg) {
    if (!s_fb) return;
    const u8* g = &s_font[(u32)ch * 16];
    for (u32 r = 0; r < CHAR_H; ++r) {
        if (py + r >= s_fb_h) break;
        u32* line = s_fb + (py + r) * s_fb_stride + px;
        u8 bits = g[r];
        for (u32 c = 0; c < CHAR_W; ++c) {
            if (px + c < s_fb_w)
                line[c] = (bits & (0x80u >> c)) ? fg : bg;
        }
    }
}

static void DrawTextAbs(u32 x, u32 y, const char* s, u32 fg, u32 bg) {
    for (u32 i = 0; s[i]; ++i)
        DrawGlyphAbs(x + i * CHAR_W, y, (u8)s[i], ToPixel(fg), ToPixel(bg));
}

static void FillEllipse(u32 cx, u32 cy, u32 rx, u32 ry, u32 rgb) {
    if (!s_fb || rx == 0 || ry == 0) return;
    u32 px = ToPixel(rgb);
    u32 x0 = cx > rx ? cx - rx : 0;
    u32 y0 = cy > ry ? cy - ry : 0;
    u32 x1 = cx + rx < s_fb_w ? cx + rx : s_fb_w - 1;
    u32 y1 = cy + ry < s_fb_h ? cy + ry : s_fb_h - 1;
    u64 rr = (u64)rx * rx * ry * ry;
    for (u32 y = y0; y <= y1; ++y) {
        i64 dy = (i64)y - (i64)cy;
        for (u32 x = x0; x <= x1; ++x) {
            i64 dx = (i64)x - (i64)cx;
            u64 v = (u64)(dx * dx) * ry * ry + (u64)(dy * dy) * rx * rx;
            if (v <= rr) s_fb[y * s_fb_stride + x] = px;
        }
    }
}

static void DrawFlag(u32 x, u32 y, u32 scale) {
    u32 s = scale ? scale : 1;
    FillVerticalGradient(x, y, 11 * s, 11 * s, 0xFF744E, 0xE41D19);
    FillVerticalGradient(x + 13 * s, y, 11 * s, 11 * s, 0x8BF168, 0x15A333);
    FillVerticalGradient(x, y + 13 * s, 11 * s, 11 * s, 0x68D5FF, 0x116CE4);
    FillVerticalGradient(x + 13 * s, y + 13 * s, 11 * s, 11 * s, 0xFFEC72, 0xEDA610);
}

static void DrawDesktopIcon(u32 x, u32 y, const char* label, u32 body, u32 shade) {
    FillVerticalGradient(x + 17, y + 7, 42, 42, 0xFFFFFF, body);
    FillRect(x + 23, y + 13, 30, 21, shade);
    RectOutline(x + 17, y + 7, 42, 42, 0xFFFFFF, 0x375E9B);
    FillRect(x + 4, y + 56, 72, 16, 0x247DD8);
    DrawTextAbs(x + 7, y + 56, label, 0xFFFFFF, 0x247DD8);
}

static void DrawFolderIcon(u32 x, u32 y, const char* label) {
    FillRect(x + 18, y + 15, 38, 30, 0xFFC229);
    FillRect(x + 22, y + 8, 20, 9, 0xFFE27A);
    RectOutline(x + 18, y + 15, 38, 30, 0xFFF2A2, 0xDC8611);
    FillRect(x + 4, y + 56, 72, 16, 0x247DD8);
    DrawTextAbs(x + 7, y + 56, label, 0xFFFFFF, 0x247DD8);
}

static void DrawPanelWindow(u32 x, u32 y, u32 w, u32 h, const char* title,
                            bool toolbar, const char* status) {
    FillRect(x + 8, y + 12, w, h, 0x174A86);
    FillRect(x, y, w, h, 0xF8FCFF);
    RectOutline(x, y, w, h, 0xFFFFFF, 0x2375D5);
    FillVerticalGradient(x + 1, y + 1, w - 2, 30, 0x4CB4FF, 0x0960C5);
    FillVerticalGradient(x + 8, y + 8, 15, 15, 0xFFFFFF, 0x0B5DBC);
    DrawTextAbs(x + 30, y + 8, title, 0xFFFFFF, 0x197DE5);
    u32 bx = x + w - 76;
    for (u32 i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
        u32 c1 = i == 2 ? 0xFF927A : 0x72C6FF;
        u32 c2 = i == 2 ? 0xE02618 : 0x1979E2;
        FillVerticalGradient(bx + i * 24, y + 6, 20, 20, c1, c2);
        RectOutline(bx + i * 24, y + 6, 20, 20, 0xC7DEFF, 0x0D2D89);
    }
    DrawTextAbs(bx + 6, y + 7, "_", 0xFFFFFF, 0x1979E2);
    DrawTextAbs(bx + 30, y + 7, "o", 0xFFFFFF, 0x1979E2);
    DrawTextAbs(bx + 54, y + 7, "x", 0xFFFFFF, 0xE02618);

    u32 cy = y + 31;
    if (toolbar) {
        FillVerticalGradient(x + 1, cy, w - 2, 38, 0xFFFFFF, 0xEEF6FF);
        FillRect(x + 1, cy + 37, w - 2, 1, 0xC8D9EF);
        DrawTextAbs(x + 12, cy + 11, "< Back", 0x28445F, 0xF8FCFF);
        FillRect(x + w - 250, cy + 7, 145, 24, 0xFFFFFF);
        RectOutline(x + w - 250, cy + 7, 145, 24, 0xB9CBE0, 0xB9CBE0);
        DrawTextAbs(x + w - 238, cy + 11, title, 0x39627F, 0xFFFFFF);
        FillRect(x + w - 96, cy + 7, 84, 24, 0xFFFFFF);
        RectOutline(x + w - 96, cy + 7, 84, 24, 0xB9CBE0, 0xB9CBE0);
        DrawTextAbs(x + w - 86, cy + 11, "Search", 0x7C8DA0, 0xFFFFFF);
        cy += 38;
    }

    FillVerticalGradient(x + 12, cy + 12, 150, h - (cy - y) - 46, 0xE7F3FF, 0xD3E8FF);
    RectOutline(x + 12, cy + 12, 150, h - (cy - y) - 46, 0xFFFFFF, 0xC3D8EF);
    DrawTextAbs(x + 24, cy + 24, "System Tasks", 0x153F77, 0xE7F3FF);
    DrawTextAbs(x + 24, cy + 52, "View information", 0x244E7C, 0xE2EFFF);
    DrawTextAbs(x + 24, cy + 78, "Change settings", 0x244E7C, 0xDFEDFF);
    DrawTextAbs(x + 24, cy + 120, "Other Places", 0x153F77, 0xDCEBFF);

    u32 px = x + 184;
    DrawTextAbs(px, cy + 18, "Hard Disk Drives", 0x084FB4, 0xF8FCFF);
    for (u32 i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
        u32 ix = px + (i % 2) * 190;
        u32 iy = cy + 52 + (i / 2) * 72;
        FillVerticalGradient(ix, iy + 8, 40, 25, 0xFFFFFF, 0x65788D);
        RectOutline(ix, iy + 8, 40, 25, 0xFFFFFF, 0x65788D);
        DrawTextAbs(ix + 52, iy, i == 0 ? "System (C:)" : (i == 1 ? "Data (D:)" : (i == 2 ? "DVD (E:)" : "USB (F:)")), 0x203B55, 0xF8FCFF);
        FillRect(ix + 52, iy + 22, 100, 8, 0xEEF4FB);
        FillVerticalGradient(ix + 53, iy + 23, 58 + i * 8, 6, 0x0A61D5, 0x4AA8FF);
    }

    FillVerticalGradient(x + 1, y + h - 24, w - 2, 23, 0xF5FBFF, 0xD9ECFF);
    DrawTextAbs(x + 10, y + h - 18, status, 0x526A82, 0xE5F3FF);
}

static void DrawMouseCursor(u32 x, u32 y) {
    static const char* rows[] = {
        "X...........",
        "XX..........",
        "XOX.........",
        "XOOX........",
        "XOOOX.......",
        "XOOOOX......",
        "XOOOOOX.....",
        "XOOOOOOX....",
        "XOOOOOOOX...",
        "XOOOOXXXX...",
        "XOOXOX......",
        "XOX..OX.....",
        "XX...OX.....",
        "X.....OX....",
        "......OX....",
        ".......X....",
    };
    for (u32 r = 0; r < 16; ++r) {
        for (u32 c = 0; c < 12; ++c) {
            char p = rows[r][c];
            if (p == '.') continue;
            FillRect(x + c * 2, y + r * 2, 2, 2, p == 'X' ? 0x000000 : 0xFFFFFF);
        }
    }
}

static void RestoreMouseCursor() {
    if (!s_fb || !s_mouse_visible) return;
    for (u32 y = 0; y < 32; ++y) {
        if (s_mouse_y + y >= s_fb_h) break;
        for (u32 x = 0; x < 24; ++x) {
            if (s_mouse_x + x >= s_fb_w) break;
            s_fb[(s_mouse_y + y) * s_fb_stride + (s_mouse_x + x)] =
                s_mouse_backing[y * 24 + x];
        }
    }
    s_mouse_visible = false;
}

static void SaveMouseCursor(u32 x0, u32 y0) {
    if (!s_fb) return;
    for (u32 y = 0; y < 32; ++y) {
        for (u32 x = 0; x < 24; ++x) {
            if (x0 + x < s_fb_w && y0 + y < s_fb_h) {
                s_mouse_backing[y * 24 + x] =
                    s_fb[(y0 + y) * s_fb_stride + (x0 + x)];
            } else {
                s_mouse_backing[y * 24 + x] = 0;
            }
        }
    }
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Draw one character at text cell (cx, cy) with given foreground/background
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void DrawChar(u32 cx, u32 cy, u8 ch, u32 fg, u32 bg) {
    if (!s_fb || cx >= s_cols || cy >= s_rows) return;
    u32 px = s_origin_x + cx * CHAR_W, py = s_origin_y + cy * CHAR_H;
    const u8* g = &s_font[(u32)ch * 16];
    for (u32 r = 0; r < CHAR_H; ++r) {
        if (py + r >= s_fb_h) break;
        u32* line = s_fb + (py + r) * s_fb_stride + px;
        u8 bits = g[r];
        for (u32 c = 0; c < CHAR_W; ++c) {
            if (px + c < s_fb_w)
                line[c] = (bits & (0x80u >> c)) ? fg : bg;
        }
    }
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Software text buffer so we can scroll and redraw
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
struct Cell { u8 ch, attr; };
static Cell s_cells[64][256];  // supports up to 256 cols x 64 rows (e.g. 2048x1024 at 8x16)

static void RedrawAll() {
    for (u32 r = 0; r < s_rows; ++r)
        for (u32 c = 0; c < s_cols; ++c) {
            Cell& cell = s_cells[r][c];
            DrawChar(c, r, cell.ch, AttrFg(cell.attr), AttrBg(cell.attr));
        }
}

static void SetCell(u32 r, u32 c, u8 ch, u8 attr) {
    if (r >= s_rows || c >= s_cols) return;
    s_cells[r][c] = { ch, attr };
    DrawChar(c, r, ch, AttrFg(attr), AttrBg(attr));
}

static void Scroll() {
    // Row 0 = header, row s_rows-1 = status bar -- scroll only rows 1..(s_rows-2)
    u32 last = s_rows > 2 ? s_rows - 2 : 1;
    for (u32 r = 2; r <= last; ++r)
        for (u32 c = 0; c < s_cols; ++c)
            s_cells[r-1][c] = s_cells[r][c];
    for (u32 c = 0; c < s_cols; ++c)
        s_cells[last][c] = { ' ', 0x07 };
    RedrawAll();
    s_row = last;
}

void PutChar(char ch, u8 attr) {
    EraseCursor();
    // Clamp s_row: row 0 = header, last row = status bar
    u32 max_row = s_rows > 1 ? s_rows - 2 : 1;
    if (ch == '\b') {
        if (s_col > 0) { --s_col; SetCell(s_row, s_col, ' ', 0x07); }
        DrawCursorShape(); return;
    }
    if (ch == '\r') { s_col = 0; DrawCursorShape(); return; }
    if (ch == '\n') {
        s_col = 0;
        if (++s_row > max_row) Scroll();
        DrawCursorShape(); return;
    }
    SetCell(s_row, s_col, ch, attr);
    if (++s_col >= s_cols) {
        s_col = 0;
        if (++s_row > max_row) Scroll();
    }
    DrawCursorShape();
}

// Update hardware text cursor (no-op for GOP mode; kept for ABI compat)
static void EraseCursor() {
    if (!s_cursor_visible || !s_fb) return;
    // Redraw the character underneath to remove the cursor bar
    if (s_row < s_rows && s_col < s_cols) {
        Cell& cell = s_cells[s_row][s_col];
        DrawChar(s_col, s_row, cell.ch, AttrFg(cell.attr), AttrBg(cell.attr));
    }
    s_cursor_visible = false;
}

static void DrawCursorShape() {
    if (!s_fb || s_row >= s_rows || s_col >= s_cols) return;
    // Underline cursor: last 2 pixel rows of the character cell
    u32 px = s_origin_x + s_col * CHAR_W;
    u32 py = s_origin_y + s_row * CHAR_H + CHAR_H - 2;
    u32 color = ToPixel(s_palette[7]);  // light gray
    for (u32 r = 0; r < 2 && (py + r) < s_fb_h; ++r) {
        u32* line = s_fb + (py + r) * s_fb_stride + px;
        for (u32 c = 0; c < CHAR_W; ++c)
            line[c] = color;
    }
    s_cursor_visible = true;
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Public API
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Show cursor at current position (call after any operation that moves the cursor)
void UpdateCursor() { EraseCursor(); DrawCursorShape(); }

// Toggle cursor blink -- call from PIT handler every ~50 ticks (500 ms)
void BlinkCursor() {
    if (s_cursor_visible) EraseCursor();
    else DrawCursorShape();
}

// Called once from kernel_main with framebuffer from BootInfo
void SetFramebuffer(u64 base, u32 w, u32 h, u32 stride, u32 fmt) {
    s_fb        = reinterpret_cast<u32*>(base);
    s_fb_w      = w;
    s_fb_h      = h;
    s_fb_stride = stride;
    s_fb_bgr    = (fmt == 1);  // 1 = PixelBlueGreenRedReserved8BitPerColor
    s_origin_x = 0;
    s_origin_y = 0;
    s_cols = w / CHAR_W;  if (s_cols > 256) s_cols = 256;
    s_rows = h / CHAR_H;  if (s_rows > 64)  s_rows = 64;
}

bool GetFramebufferInfo(FramebufferInfo& info) {
    if (!s_fb || s_fb_w == 0 || s_fb_h == 0) return false;

    info.Width = s_fb_w;
    info.Height = s_fb_h;
    info.Stride = s_fb_stride;
    info.Format = s_fb_bgr ? 1u : 0u;
    return true;
}

static void ResetTextSurface(u32 x, u32 y, u32 w, u32 h) {
    s_origin_x = x;
    s_origin_y = y;
    s_cols = w / CHAR_W; if (s_cols > 256) s_cols = 256;
    s_rows = h / CHAR_H; if (s_rows > 64)  s_rows = 64;
    if (s_cols < 20) s_cols = 20;
    if (s_rows < 8)  s_rows = 8;

    for (u32 r = 0; r < s_rows; ++r)
        for (u32 c = 0; c < s_cols; ++c)
            s_cells[r][c] = { ' ', 0x07 };
    s_row = 1;
    s_col = 0;
    s_cursor_visible = false;
}

void StartDesktop(const UXTHEME::Theme& theme,
                  const DESKTOPMODEL::DesktopLayout& layout) {
    if (!s_fb) return;
    s_mouse_visible = false;

    // Desktop shell mockup: XP-redesign wallpaper, icon rail, open Start menu,
    // taskbar, and several static shell windows around the live command window.
    FillVerticalGradient(0, 0, s_fb_w, s_fb_h, 0x0771D9, 0x88DFFF);
    FillEllipse(s_fb_w / 6, s_fb_h / 5, s_fb_w / 11, s_fb_h / 34, 0xFFFFFF);
    FillEllipse(s_fb_w / 4, s_fb_h / 5 - 16, s_fb_w / 13, s_fb_h / 30, 0xF4FCFF);
    FillEllipse((s_fb_w * 62) / 100, s_fb_h / 4, s_fb_w / 10, s_fb_h / 28, 0xF6FCFF);
    FillEllipse((s_fb_w * 83) / 100, s_fb_h / 5, s_fb_w / 10, s_fb_h / 34, 0xFFFFFF);

    u32 h1 = (s_fb_h * 63) / 100;
    u32 h2 = (s_fb_h * 71) / 100;
    u32 h3 = (s_fb_h * 79) / 100;
    FillVerticalGradient(0, h1, s_fb_w, s_fb_h - h1, 0x9CF264, 0x299A3C);
    FillVerticalGradient(0, h2, s_fb_w, s_fb_h - h2, 0x7BE754, 0x1C7F35);
    FillVerticalGradient(0, h3, s_fb_w, s_fb_h - h3, 0x35B944, 0x1C8A35);
    for (u32 x = 0; x < s_fb_w; x += 3) {
        u32 y = h1 + ((x * 37) % 90);
        if (y < s_fb_h) FillRect(x, y, 2, 3, 0xC8F7A6);
    }

    u32 task_h = s_fb_h >= 720 ? 44 : (s_fb_h >= 480 ? 38 : 30);
    u32 task_y = s_fb_h > task_h ? s_fb_h - task_h : 0;
    FillVerticalGradient(0, task_y, s_fb_w, task_h,
                         theme.TaskbarTop, theme.TaskbarBottom);
    FillRect(0, task_y, s_fb_w, 1, 0x7DB7FF);

    DrawTextAbs(s_fb_w > 360 ? s_fb_w - 352 : 16, 28,
                layout.BrandName ? layout.BrandName : "MicroNT",
                0xFFFFFF, 0x159DFF);
    DrawTextAbs(s_fb_w > 360 ? s_fb_w - 352 : 16, 48,
                layout.BrandTag ? layout.BrandTag : "Simply Fast. Reliably Yours.",
                0xFFFFFF, 0x159DFF);

    u32 icon_x = 18, icon_y = 14;
    for (u32 i = 0; i < layout.IconCount; ++i) {
        u32 y = icon_y + i * 82;
        const DESKTOPMODEL::DesktopIcon& icon = layout.Icons[i];
        switch (icon.Kind) {
        case DESKTOPMODEL::IconKind::Folder:
            DrawFolderIcon(icon_x, y, icon.Label);
            break;
        case DESKTOPMODEL::IconKind::Network:
            DrawDesktopIcon(icon_x, y, icon.Label, 0x0C8BE8, 0x07418D);
            break;
        case DESKTOPMODEL::IconKind::Media:
            DrawDesktopIcon(icon_x, y, icon.Label, 0xFF6D14, 0xFFBD4A);
            break;
        case DESKTOPMODEL::IconKind::Control:
            DrawDesktopIcon(icon_x, y, icon.Label, 0x46A8FF, 0x1A55B7);
            break;
        case DESKTOPMODEL::IconKind::Recycle:
            DrawDesktopIcon(icon_x, y, icon.Label, 0xADC4D7, 0x6E8297);
            break;
        case DESKTOPMODEL::IconKind::Computer:
        default:
            DrawDesktopIcon(icon_x, y, icon.Label, 0x439AFF, 0x12356B);
            break;
        }
    }

    for (u32 i = 0; i < layout.WindowCount; ++i) {
        const DESKTOPMODEL::ShellWindow& win = layout.Windows[i];
        u32 x = win.X;
        u32 y = win.Y;
        u32 w = win.Width;
        u32 h = win.Height;
        if (x + w >= s_fb_w) x = s_fb_w > w + 18 ? s_fb_w - w - 18 : 12;
        if (y + h >= task_y) y = task_y > h + 18 ? task_y - h - 18 : 12;
        DrawPanelWindow(x, y, w, h, win.Title, win.Toolbar, win.Status);
    }

    u32 menu_w = s_fb_w >= 900 ? 345 : 300;
    u32 menu_h = s_fb_h >= 700 ? 420 : 330;
    u32 menu_y = task_y > menu_h ? task_y - menu_h : 0;
    FillRect(8 + 8, menu_y + 12, menu_w, menu_h, 0x1C3765);
    FillRect(8, menu_y, menu_w, menu_h, 0xFFFFFF);
    RectOutline(8, menu_y, menu_w, menu_h, 0x7DB7FF, 0x0C5BB9);
    FillVerticalGradient(9, menu_y + 1, menu_w - 2, 64, 0x1679D8, 0x0056BA);
    DrawFlag(24, menu_y + 18, 1);
    DrawTextAbs(58, menu_y + 24, "MicroNT", 0xFFFFFF, 0x0A62C0);
    FillRect(9, menu_y + 65, (menu_w * 53) / 100, menu_h - 103, 0xFFFFFF);
    FillVerticalGradient(9 + (menu_w * 53) / 100, menu_y + 65,
                         menu_w - (menu_w * 53) / 100 - 2, menu_h - 103,
                         0xD9EDFF, 0x79B6ED);
    const char* left[] = { "Internet", "E-mail", "Media Player", "Documents",
                           "Control Panel", "Help and Support", "Search", "Run..." };
    for (u32 i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
        u32 yy = menu_y + 78 + i * 34;
        if (i == 3) FillRect(16, yy - 5, (menu_w * 53) / 100 - 20, 28, 0xE5F2FF);
        DrawTextAbs(28, yy, left[i], 0x12395E, i == 3 ? 0xE5F2FF : 0xFFFFFF);
    }
    const char* right[] = { "Admin", "My Documents", "My Pictures", "My Music",
                            "My Computer", "Control Panel", "Devices", "Defaults" };
    for (u32 i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
        u32 rx = 24 + (menu_w * 53) / 100;
        DrawTextAbs(rx, menu_y + 80 + i * 32, right[i], 0x12395E, 0xB8D9F6);
    }
    FillVerticalGradient(9, menu_y + menu_h - 38, menu_w - 2, 37, 0x1D76D2, 0x064FA8);
    DrawTextAbs(190, menu_y + menu_h - 25, "Log Off", 0xFFFFFF, 0x0F61B8);
    DrawTextAbs(254, menu_y + menu_h - 25, "Turn Off", 0xFFFFFF, 0x0F61B8);

    u32 start_w = s_fb_w >= 1280 ? 116 : (s_fb_w >= 640 ? 104 : 80);
    FillVerticalGradient(8, task_y + 5, start_w, task_h - 10,
                         theme.StartTop, theme.StartBottom);
    RectOutline(8, task_y + 5, start_w, task_h - 10, 0xC6F4A5, 0x0A5A0A);
    DrawFlag(20, task_y + 10, 1);
    DrawTextAbs(56, task_y + 14, "Start", 0xFFFFFF, 0x2BA536);

    u32 tbx = 136;
    for (u32 i = 0; i < layout.WindowCount && tbx + 126 < s_fb_w; ++i) {
        FillVerticalGradient(tbx, task_y + 6, 125, task_h - 12,
                             0x4EB2F7, 0x0D53AD);
        RectOutline(tbx, task_y + 6, 125, task_h - 12, 0x9BC3FF, 0x0B2D8F);
        DrawTextAbs(tbx + 10, task_y + 15, layout.Windows[i].Title,
                    0xFFFFFF, 0x2A79D0);
        tbx += 132;
    }
    if (tbx + 126 < s_fb_w) {
        FillVerticalGradient(tbx, task_y + 6, 125, task_h - 12,
                             0x8BD1FF, 0x2475D6);
        RectOutline(tbx, task_y + 6, 125, task_h - 12, 0x9BC3FF, 0x0B2D8F);
        DrawTextAbs(tbx + 10, task_y + 15, "MicroNT Shell",
                    0xFFFFFF, 0x5FA2EA);
    }

    u32 tray_w = s_fb_w >= 640 ? 154 : 96;
    u32 tray_x = s_fb_w > tray_w ? s_fb_w - tray_w : 0;
    FillRect(tray_x + 4, task_y + 5, tray_w - 8, task_h - 10, 0x0A65B5);
    FillEllipse(tray_x + 18, task_y + task_h / 2, 6, 6, 0xA9F75B);
    DrawTextAbs(tray_x + 34, task_y + 14, "NET  VOL  00:00", 0xFFFFFF, 0x0A65B5);

    u32 win_x = s_fb_w >= 1280 ? 210 : 96;
    u32 win_y = s_fb_h >= 900 ? 540 : 360;
    u32 win_w = s_fb_w >= 1280 ? 760 : s_fb_w - win_x - 24;
    u32 win_h = s_fb_h >= 900 ? 360 : 290;

    FillRect(win_x + 5, win_y + 6, win_w, win_h, 0x24508A);
    FillRect(win_x, win_y, win_w, win_h, theme.WindowFrame);
    RectOutline(win_x, win_y, win_w, win_h, 0xFFFFFF, 0x315BA3);

    FillVerticalGradient(win_x + 3, win_y + 3, win_w - 6, 28,
                         theme.WindowTitleTop, theme.WindowTitleBottom);
    DrawTextAbs(win_x + 12, win_y + 9, "MicroNT Command Prompt", 0xFFFFFF, 0x1C5DE4);
    u32 bx = win_x + win_w - 76;
    for (u32 i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
        FillVerticalGradient(bx + i * 23, win_y + 7, 19, 18, 0x75A7FF, 0x1E55CF);
        RectOutline(bx + i * 23, win_y + 7, 19, 18, 0xC7DEFF, 0x0D2D89);
    }
    DrawTextAbs(bx + 6,  win_y + 8, "_", 0xFFFFFF, 0x4D83EF);
    DrawTextAbs(bx + 29, win_y + 8, "o", 0xFFFFFF, 0x4D83EF);
    DrawTextAbs(bx + 52, win_y + 8, "x", 0xFFFFFF, 0x4D83EF);

    u32 client_x = win_x + 8;
    u32 client_y = win_y + 36;
    u32 client_w = win_w > 16 ? win_w - 16 : win_w;
    u32 client_h = win_h > 72 ? win_h - 72 : win_h;
    FillRect(client_x, client_y, client_w, client_h, 0x000000);
    RectOutline(client_x - 1, client_y - 1, client_w + 2, client_h + 2, 0x7F9DB9, 0xFFFFFF);
    FillRect(win_x + 8, win_y + win_h - 28, win_w - 16, 20, theme.WindowFrame);
    RectOutline(win_x + 8, win_y + win_h - 28, win_w - 16, 20, 0xFFFFFF, 0xACA899);

    ResetTextSurface(client_x, client_y, client_w, client_h);

    const char hdr[] = "*** MicroNT Shell - Windows XP style ***";
    u32 hlen = sizeof(hdr) - 1;
    u32 hstart = (s_cols > hlen) ? (s_cols - hlen) / 2 : 0;
    for (u32 c = 0; c < s_cols; ++c) s_cells[0][c] = { ' ', 0x1F };
    for (u32 i = 0; i < hlen && hstart + i < s_cols; ++i)
        s_cells[0][hstart + i] = { (u8)hdr[i], 0x1F };
    RedrawAll();
    DrawTextAbs(win_x + 12, win_y + win_h - 23, "Ready   1920 x 1080 desktop target", 0x000000, theme.WindowFrame);
    MoveMouseCursor(s_fb_w > 240 ? s_fb_w - 220 : win_x + win_w - 82,
                    h1 > 140 ? h1 - 120 : win_y + 74);
}

void MoveMouseCursor(u32 x, u32 y) {
    if (!s_fb) return;
    RestoreMouseCursor();

    u32 max_x = s_fb_w > 24 ? s_fb_w - 24 : 0;
    u32 max_y = s_fb_h > 32 ? s_fb_h - 32 : 0;
    if (x > max_x) x = max_x;
    if (y > max_y) y = max_y;

    s_mouse_x = x;
    s_mouse_y = y;
    SaveMouseCursor(s_mouse_x, s_mouse_y);
    DrawMouseCursor(s_mouse_x, s_mouse_y);
    s_mouse_visible = true;
}

void Init() {
    if (!s_fb) return;
    s_origin_x = 0;
    s_origin_y = 0;
    s_cols = s_fb_w / CHAR_W;  if (s_cols > 256) s_cols = 256;
    s_rows = s_fb_h / CHAR_H;  if (s_rows > 64)  s_rows = 64;
    s_cursor_visible = false;
    s_mouse_visible = false;
    // Erase the entire GPU framebuffer to solid black first,
    // so no OVMF splash/watermark bleeds through below the text area.
    u32 black = ToPixel(0x000000);
    for (u32 y = 0; y < s_fb_h; ++y) {
        u32* row = s_fb + y * s_fb_stride;
        for (u32 x = 0; x < s_fb_w; ++x)
            row[x] = black;
    }
    // Clear text cell buffer
    for (u32 r = 0; r < s_rows; ++r)
        for (u32 c = 0; c < s_cols; ++c)
            s_cells[r][c] = { ' ', 0x07 };
    // Header bar (row 0): blue bg, bright white fg -- centered over actual width
    const char hdr[] = "*** MicroNT Kernel M28 ***";
    constexpr u32 hlen = sizeof(hdr) - 1;
    u32 hstart = (s_cols > hlen) ? (s_cols - hlen) / 2 : 0;
    for (u32 c = 0; c < s_cols; ++c)
        s_cells[0][c] = { ' ', 0x1F };
    for (u32 i = 0; i < hlen; ++i)
        s_cells[0][hstart + i] = { (u8)hdr[i], 0x1F };
    // Render everything
    RedrawAll();
    s_row = 1; s_col = 0;
}

// ClearScreen: fast clear for the 'clear' shell command.
// Keeps the header bar (row 0), blanks rows 1+ and resets cursor.
void ClearScreen() {
    if (!s_fb) return;
    EraseCursor();
    for (u32 r = 1; r < s_rows; ++r)
        for (u32 c = 0; c < s_cols; ++c)
            s_cells[r][c] = { ' ', 0x07 };
    // Repaint rows 1+ to the framebuffer
    for (u32 r = 1; r < s_rows; ++r)
        for (u32 c = 0; c < s_cols; ++c)
            DrawChar(c, r, ' ', 7, 0);
    s_row = 1; s_col = 0;
    DrawCursorShape();
}

void WriteWelcome() {
    if (!s_fb) return;
    const char l1[] = "  MicroNT Microkernel  -  Build M28";
    const char l2[] = "  ===================================";
    const char l3[] = "  All systems online.  Ready for input.";
    const char l4[] = "  Commands: ver dir mem ps exec cat echo write clear pipe help exit";
    auto writeln = [&](u32 row, const char* s, u8 attr) {
        for (u32 c = 0; c < s_cols && s[c]; ++c)
            SetCell(row, c, (u8)s[c], attr);
    };
    writeln(2, l1, 0x0E);  // yellow
    writeln(3, l2, 0x0A);  // green
    writeln(4, l3, 0x0F);  // bright white
    writeln(5, l4, 0x0B);  // cyan
    s_row = 7; s_col = 0;
    UpdateCursor();
}

void Print(const char* s, u8 attr) {
    for (; *s; ++s) PutChar(*s, attr);
}

// Print a [USER] line: always at column 0 of s_row
// ---- M31: visual memory bar -----------------------------------------
// Parse an unsigned decimal from buf[i..], advance i, return value.
static u64 ParseU64(const char* buf, u32 len, u32& i) {
    u64 v = 0;
    while (i < len && buf[i] >= '0' && buf[i] <= '9') v = v*10 + (buf[i++]-'0');
    return v;
}

// Draw a number right-aligned into cells at (row, col), returns end col.
static u32 CellNum(u32 row, u32 col, u64 v, u8 attr) {
    char tmp[20]; u32 n = 0;
    if (v == 0) { tmp[n++] = '0'; }
    else { u64 x = v; while(x){ tmp[n++]='0'+(u8)(x%10); x/=10; } }
    // reverse
    for (u32 a=0,b=n-1; a<b; ++a,--b) { char t=tmp[a]; tmp[a]=tmp[b]; tmp[b]=t; }
    for (u32 j = 0; j < n && col < s_cols; ++j, ++col)
        SetCell(row, col, (u8)tmp[j], attr);
    return col;
}

// Render multi-row visual memory panel.  Returns true if it consumed the line.
static bool TryDrawMemBar(const char* buf, u32 len) {
    // Expects: "Memory: Free=F KB Used=U KB Total=T KB Pages=P/Q"
    if (len < 7 || buf[0]!='M'||buf[1]!='e'||buf[2]!='m'||
                    buf[3]!='o'||buf[4]!='r'||buf[5]!='y'||buf[6]!=':') return false;

    u64 free_kb=0, used_kb=0, total_kb=0, used_pages=0, total_pages=0;
    for (u32 i = 7; i < len; ) {
        // Skip to next letter
        while (i < len && (buf[i]==' '||buf[i]=='\t')) ++i;
        if (i >= len) break;
        // Match keyword=value
        auto match = [&](const char* kw) {
            u32 k=0; u32 j=i;
            while (kw[k] && j<len && buf[j]==kw[k]) { ++k; ++j; }
            if (!kw[k]) { i=j; return true; }
            return false;
        };
        if      (match("Free="))  { free_kb     = ParseU64(buf,len,i); }
        else if (match("Used="))  { used_kb     = ParseU64(buf,len,i); }
        else if (match("Total=")) { total_kb    = ParseU64(buf,len,i); }
        else if (match("Pages=")) {
            used_pages  = ParseU64(buf,len,i);
            if (i < len && buf[i]=='/') { ++i; total_pages = ParseU64(buf,len,i); }
        }
        else ++i;  // skip one char
    }
    if (total_kb == 0) return false;

    u32 max_row = s_rows > 1 ? s_rows - 2 : 1;
    EraseCursor();

    // Helper: fill a row from col c with string s in attr, blank the rest
    auto rowstr = [&](u32 r, u32 c, const char* s, u8 attr) {
        for (; *s && c < s_cols; ++s, ++c) SetCell(r, c, (u8)*s, attr);
        for (; c < s_cols; ++c) SetCell(r, c, ' ', 0x07);
    };
    auto advance = [&]() {
        if (s_row > max_row) Scroll();
    };

    // ---- Row 1: title ----
    advance();
    rowstr(s_row, 0, "  Memory Map", 0x0B);  // cyan
    ++s_row;

    // ---- Row 2: bar ----
    advance();
    u32 bar_w = s_cols > 24 ? s_cols - 22 : 10;
    u64 pct   = total_kb ? (used_kb * 100) / total_kb : 0;
    u32 filled = (u32)((pct * bar_w) / 100);

    u32 c = 0;
    SetCell(s_row, c++, ' ', 0x07);
    SetCell(s_row, c++, ' ', 0x07);
    SetCell(s_row, c++, '[', 0x0F);
    for (u32 k = 0; k < bar_w; ++k, ++c) {
        // 0xA0 = light-green bg / 0x80 = dark-gray bg, space char
        SetCell(s_row, c, ' ', k < filled ? 0xA0u : 0x80u);
    }
    SetCell(s_row, c++, ']', 0x0F);
    SetCell(s_row, c++, ' ', 0x07);
    // Percentage: "XX%"
    c = CellNum(s_row, c, pct, 0x0F);
    SetCell(s_row, c++, '%', 0x07);
    // Pad rest
    for (; c < s_cols; ++c) SetCell(s_row, c, ' ', 0x07);
    ++s_row;

    // ---- Row 3: KB detail ----
    advance();
    {
        const char* lab = "  Used: "; u32 cc = 0;
        for (; *lab && cc < s_cols; ++lab, ++cc) SetCell(s_row, cc, (u8)*lab, 0x08);
        cc = CellNum(s_row, cc, used_kb,  0x0F);
        const char* sep1 = " KB   Free: ";
        for (; *sep1 && cc < s_cols; ++sep1, ++cc) SetCell(s_row, cc, (u8)*sep1, 0x08);
        cc = CellNum(s_row, cc, free_kb,  0x0A);
        const char* sep2 = " KB   Total: ";
        for (; *sep2 && cc < s_cols; ++sep2, ++cc) SetCell(s_row, cc, (u8)*sep2, 0x08);
        cc = CellNum(s_row, cc, total_kb, 0x0B);
        const char* sfx = " KB";
        for (; *sfx && cc < s_cols; ++sfx, ++cc) SetCell(s_row, cc, (u8)*sfx, 0x08);
        for (; cc < s_cols; ++cc) SetCell(s_row, cc, ' ', 0x07);
        ++s_row;
    }

    // ---- Row 4: page detail (if we have page data) ----
    if (total_pages > 0) {
        advance();
        const char* lab = "  Pages: Used="; u32 cc = 0;
        for (; *lab && cc < s_cols; ++lab, ++cc) SetCell(s_row, cc, (u8)*lab, 0x08);
        cc = CellNum(s_row, cc, used_pages,  0x0F);
        const char* sep = "  Free=";
        for (; *sep && cc < s_cols; ++sep, ++cc) SetCell(s_row, cc, (u8)*sep, 0x08);
        u64 free_pages = (used_pages <= total_pages) ? (total_pages - used_pages) : 0;
        cc = CellNum(s_row, cc, free_pages, 0x0A);
        const char* sep2 = "  Total=";
        for (; *sep2 && cc < s_cols; ++sep2, ++cc) SetCell(s_row, cc, (u8)*sep2, 0x08);
        cc = CellNum(s_row, cc, total_pages, 0x0B);
        for (; cc < s_cols; ++cc) SetCell(s_row, cc, ' ', 0x07);
        ++s_row;
    }

    s_col = 0;
    DrawCursorShape();
    return true;
}


static u8 ContentColor(const char* buf, u32 len) {
    if (len == 0) return 0x0F;
    // Directory entries are wrapped in [brackets] by NT_QUERY_DIR
    if (len >= 3 && buf[0] == '[' && buf[len-1] == ']') return 0x0E; // yellow
    // File extensions (last 4 chars)
    if (len >= 4) {
        const char* e = buf + len - 4;
        if (e[0]=='.' && (e[1]|32)=='e' && (e[2]|32)=='x' && (e[3]|32)=='e') return 0x0A; // .EXE green
        if (e[0]=='.' && (e[1]|32)=='t' && (e[2]|32)=='x' && (e[3]|32)=='t') return 0x0E; // .txt yellow
        if (e[0]=='.' && ((e[1]|32)=='i' || (e[1]|32)=='c'))                  return 0x0B; // .ini/.cfg cyan
    }
    // Prefix detection
    if (len>=3 && buf[0]=='M' && buf[1]=='i' && buf[2]=='c') return 0x0D; // MicroNT -> magenta
    if (len>=3 && buf[0]=='M' && buf[1]=='e' && buf[2]=='m') return 0x0B; // Memory  -> cyan
    if (len>=3 && buf[0]=='S' && buf[1]=='y' && buf[2]=='s') return 0x0B; // System  -> cyan
    if (len>=3 && buf[0]=='T' && buf[1]=='h' && buf[2]=='r') return 0x0B; // Thread  -> cyan
    if (len>=2 && buf[0]=='O' && buf[1]=='K')                return 0x0A; // OK      -> green
    if (len>=3 && (buf[0]|32)=='e' && (buf[1]|32)=='r' && (buf[2]|32)=='r') return 0x0C; // Err -> red
    return 0x0F; // default bright white
}

void PrintUser(const char* buf, usize len) {
    EraseCursor();
    u32 max_row = s_rows > 1 ? s_rows - 2 : 1;
    if (s_row < 1) s_row = 1;
    if (s_row > max_row) Scroll();

    // Count printable content (stop at first \n, \r, or \0)
    u32 content_len = 0;
    for (u32 i = 0; i < len && buf[i] && buf[i] != '\n' && buf[i] != '\r'; ++i)
        ++content_len;

    // Empty / pure-newline write: skip silently (suppresses blank rows between
    // dir entries that the shell emits as separate '\n' writes).
    if (content_len == 0) { DrawCursorShape(); return; }

    // M31 fix: detect the shell's "> " prompt specifically.
    // Show it as "[USER] > " with cursor held on the same row so typed
    // characters follow on that line.  Every other write is plain output.
    if (content_len == 2 && buf[0] == '>' && buf[1] == ' ') {
        u32 col = 0;
        const char* pre = "[USER] ";
        for (; *pre && col < s_cols; ++pre, ++col) SetCell(s_row, col, (u8)*pre, 0x0B);
        SetCell(s_row, col++, '>', 0x0F);
        SetCell(s_row, col++, ' ', 0x07);
        for (u32 c = col; c < s_cols; ++c) SetCell(s_row, c, ' ', 0x07);
        s_col = col;  // cursor right after "> "
        DrawCursorShape();
        return;
    }

    // M31: intercept "Memory: ..." and render visual bar panel
    if (TryDrawMemBar(buf, content_len)) return;

    u8  color = ContentColor(buf, content_len);
    u32 col   = 0;
    for (u32 i = 0; i < content_len && col < s_cols; ++i, ++col)
        SetCell(s_row, col, (u8)buf[i], color);
    for (; col < s_cols; ++col) SetCell(s_row, col, ' ', 0x07);
    if (++s_row > max_row) Scroll();
    s_col = 0;
    DrawCursorShape();
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// M29: Live status bar
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Render one row of cells to the framebuffer (used for targeted redraws).
static void RedrawRow(u32 r) {
    for (u32 c = 0; c < s_cols; ++c) {
        Cell& cell = s_cells[r][c];
        DrawChar(c, r, cell.ch, AttrFg(cell.attr), AttrBg(cell.attr));
    }
}

// Decimal format helpers (no libc).
static void FmtU64(char* buf, u64 v, u32 width, char pad) {
    char tmp[20]; u32 n = 0;
    do { tmp[n++] = '0' + (v % 10); v /= 10; } while (v);
    u32 total = n > width ? n : width;
    for (u32 i = 0; i < total - n; ++i) *buf++ = pad;
    for (u32 i = n; i > 0; --i) *buf++ = tmp[i-1];
    *buf = 0;
}

// Called from PIT every 100 ticks (~1 s).  Updates:
//   Row 0  right side: "Up: HH:MM:SS"
//   Row s_rows-1      : status bar with keyboard hints
void UpdateStatusBar(u64 ticks) {
    if (!s_fb || s_cols < 20) return;

    // ---- uptime in header (row 0, right-aligned) ----
    u64 secs = ticks / 100;
    u64 mins = secs / 60; secs %= 60;
    u64 hrs  = mins / 60; mins %= 60;

    char up[20] = "Up: ";
    char tmp[8];
    FmtU64(tmp, hrs,  2, '0'); for (u32 i=0;tmp[i];++i) up[4+i]=tmp[i];
    up[6]=':';
    FmtU64(tmp, mins, 2, '0'); up[7]=tmp[0]; up[8]=tmp[1];
    up[9]=':';
    FmtU64(tmp, secs, 2, '0'); up[10]=tmp[0]; up[11]=tmp[1];
    up[12]=0;

    u32 uplen = 12;  // "Up: HH:MM:SS"
    u32 upcol = s_cols > uplen + 1 ? s_cols - uplen - 1 : 0;
    for (u32 i = 0; i < uplen && upcol + i < s_cols; ++i)
        s_cells[0][upcol + i] = { (u8)up[i], 0x1F };
    RedrawRow(0);

    // ---- bottom status bar (last row) ----
    u32 bot = s_rows - 1;
    // Fill with dark background (black bg, dark gray fg = 0x08)
    for (u32 c = 0; c < s_cols; ++c) s_cells[bot][c] = { ' ', 0x78 }; // white on gray

    const char* hints = "  Tab: complete   Up/Down: history   clear: reset screen   help: commands  ";
    u32 col = 0;
    for (const char* p = hints; *p && col < s_cols; ++p, ++col)
        s_cells[bot][col] = { (u8)*p, 0x78 };

    RedrawRow(bot);
}

} // namespace VGA