docs/csharp/programming-guide/generics/snippets/GenericInterfaces.cs - main - aprogrammer/dotnet-docs

docs/csharp/programming-guide/generics/snippets/GenericInterfaces.cs
236 строк6 KB
Bill Wagner
Update programming guide (#37995)
14 ноя 2023, 18:07
14 ноя 2023, 18:07c48d165
namespace Generics.Interfaces;


//<GenericLists>
//Type parameter T in angle brackets.
public class GenericList<T> : System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<T>
{
    protected Node head;
    protected Node current = null;

    // Nested class is also generic on T
    protected class Node
    {
        public Node next;
        private T data;  //T as private member datatype

        public Node(T t)  //T used in non-generic constructor
        {
            next = null;
            data = t;
        }

        public Node Next
        {
            get { return next; }
            set { next = value; }
        }

        public T Data  //T as return type of property
        {
            get { return data; }
            set { data = value; }
        }
    }

    public GenericList()  //constructor
    {
        head = null;
    }

    public void AddHead(T t)  //T as method parameter type
    {
        Node n = new Node(t);
        n.Next = head;
        head = n;
    }

    // Implementation of the iterator
    public System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()
    {
        Node current = head;
        while (current != null)
        {
            yield return current.Data;
            current = current.Next;
        }
    }

    // IEnumerable<T> inherits from IEnumerable, therefore this class
    // must implement both the generic and non-generic versions of
    // GetEnumerator. In most cases, the non-generic method can
    // simply call the generic method.
    System.Collections.IEnumerator System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
    {
        return GetEnumerator();
    }
}

public class SortedList<T> : GenericList<T> where T : System.IComparable<T>
{
    // A simple, unoptimized sort algorithm that
    // orders list elements from lowest to highest:

    public void BubbleSort()
    {
        if (null == head || null == head.Next)
        {
            return;
        }
        bool swapped;

        do
        {
            Node previous = null;
            Node current = head;
            swapped = false;

            while (current.next != null)
            {
                //  Because we need to call this method, the SortedList
                //  class is constrained on IComparable<T>
                if (current.Data.CompareTo(current.next.Data) > 0)
                {
                    Node tmp = current.next;
                    current.next = current.next.next;
                    tmp.next = current;

                    if (previous == null)
                    {
                        head = tmp;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        previous.next = tmp;
                    }
                    previous = tmp;
                    swapped = true;
                }
                else
                {
                    previous = current;
                    current = current.next;
                }
            }
        } while (swapped);
    }
}

// A simple class that implements IComparable<T> using itself as the
// type argument. This is a common design pattern in objects that
// are stored in generic lists.
public class Person : System.IComparable<Person>
{
    string name;
    int age;

    public Person(string s, int i)
    {
        name = s;
        age = i;
    }

    // This will cause list elements to be sorted on age values.
    public int CompareTo(Person p)
    {
        return age - p.age;
    }

    public override string ToString()
    {
        return name + ":" + age;
    }

    // Must implement Equals.
    public bool Equals(Person p)
    {
        return (this.age == p.age);
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        //Declare and instantiate a new generic SortedList class.
        //Person is the type argument.
        SortedList<Person> list = new SortedList<Person>();

        //Create name and age values to initialize Person objects.
        string[] names =
        [
            "Franscoise",
            "Bill",
            "Li",
            "Sandra",
            "Gunnar",
            "Alok",
            "Hiroyuki",
            "Maria",
            "Alessandro",
            "Raul"
        ];

        int[] ages = [45, 19, 28, 23, 18, 9, 108, 72, 30, 35];

        //Populate the list.
        for (int x = 0; x < 10; x++)
        {
            list.AddHead(new Person(names[x], ages[x]));
        }

        //Print out unsorted list.
        foreach (Person p in list)
        {
            System.Console.WriteLine(p.ToString());
        }
        System.Console.WriteLine("Done with unsorted list");

        //Sort the list.
        list.BubbleSort();

        //Print out sorted list.
        foreach (Person p in list)
        {
            System.Console.WriteLine(p.ToString());
        }
        System.Console.WriteLine("Done with sorted list");
    }
}
//</GenericLists>

//<GenericStack>
class Stack<T> where T : System.IComparable<T>, IEnumerable<T>
{
}
//</GenericStack>

//<GenericDictionary>
interface IDictionary<K, V>
{
}
//</GenericDictionary>

//<Months>
interface IMonth<T> { }

interface IJanuary : IMonth<int> { }  //No error
interface IFebruary<T> : IMonth<int> { }  //No error
interface IMarch<T> : IMonth<T> { }    //No error
                                       //interface IApril<T>  : IMonth<T, U> {}  //Error
//</Months>


//<BaseInterfaces>
interface IBaseInterface<T> { }

class SampleClass : IBaseInterface<string> { }
//</BaseInterfaces>

//<InterfaceInheritance>
interface IBaseInterface1<T> { }
interface IBaseInterface2<T, U> { }

class SampleClass1<T> : IBaseInterface1<T> { }          //No error
class SampleClass2<T> : IBaseInterface2<T, string> { }  //No error
//</InterfaceInheritance>