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<html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Chapter 1. Concepts</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../boostbook.css" type="text/css"> <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1"> <link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Boost.Python Reference Manual"> <link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Boost.Python Reference Manual"> <link rel="prev" href="index.html" title="Boost.Python Reference Manual"> <link rel="next" href="concepts/dereferenceable.html" title="Dereferenceable"> </head> <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> <table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr><td valign="top"><img alt="" width="" height="" src="../images/boost.png"></td></tr></table> <hr> <div class="spirit-nav"> <a accesskey="p" href="index.html"><img src="../images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="index.html"><img src="../images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><img src="../images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="concepts/dereferenceable.html"><img src="../images/next.png" alt="Next"></a> </div> <div class="chapter"> <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"> <a name="concepts"></a>Chapter 1. Concepts</h1></div></div></div> <div class="toc"> <p><b>Table of Contents</b></p> <dl class="toc"> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts.html#concepts.callpolicies">CallPolicies</a></span></dt> <dd><dl> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts.html#concepts.callpolicies.introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts.html#concepts.callpolicies.callpolicies_composition">CallPolicies Composition</a></span></dt> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts.html#concepts.callpolicies.concept_requirements">Concept Requirements</a></span></dt> </dl></dd> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts/dereferenceable.html">Dereferenceable</a></span></dt> <dd><dl> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts/dereferenceable.html#concepts.dereferenceable.introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts/dereferenceable.html#concepts.dereferenceable.concept_requirements">Concept Requirements</a></span></dt> </dl></dd> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts/extractor.html">Extractor</a></span></dt> <dd><dl> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts/extractor.html#concepts.extractor.introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts/extractor.html#concepts.extractor.concept_requirements">Concept Requirements</a></span></dt> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts/extractor.html#concepts.extractor.notes">Notes</a></span></dt> </dl></dd> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts/holdergenerator.html">HolderGenerator</a></span></dt> <dd><dl> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts/holdergenerator.html#concepts.holdergenerator.introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts/holdergenerator.html#concepts.holdergenerator.concept_requirements">Concept Requirements</a></span></dt> </dl></dd> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts/resultconverter.html">ResultConverter</a></span></dt> <dd><dl> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts/resultconverter.html#concepts.resultconverter.introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts/resultconverter.html#concepts.resultconverter.resultconverter_concept_requirem">ResultConverter Concept Requirements</a></span></dt> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts/resultconverter.html#concepts.resultconverter.resultconvertergenerator_concept">ResultConverterGenerator Concept Requirements</a></span></dt> </dl></dd> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts/objectwrapper.html">ObjectWrapper</a></span></dt> <dd><dl> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts/objectwrapper.html#concepts.objectwrapper.introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts/objectwrapper.html#concepts.objectwrapper.objectwrapper_concept_requiremen">ObjectWrapper Concept Requirements</a></span></dt> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts/objectwrapper.html#concepts.objectwrapper.typewrapper_concept_requirements">TypeWrapper Concept Requirements</a></span></dt> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts/objectwrapper.html#concepts.objectwrapper.caveat">Caveat</a></span></dt> </dl></dd> </dl> </div> <div class="section"> <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"> <a name="concepts.callpolicies"></a><a class="link" href="concepts.html#concepts.callpolicies" title="CallPolicies">CallPolicies</a> </h2></div></div></div> <div class="toc"><dl class="toc"> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts.html#concepts.callpolicies.introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts.html#concepts.callpolicies.callpolicies_composition">CallPolicies Composition</a></span></dt> <dt><span class="section"><a href="concepts.html#concepts.callpolicies.concept_requirements">Concept Requirements</a></span></dt> </dl></div> <div class="section"> <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"> <a name="concepts.callpolicies.introduction"></a><a class="link" href="concepts.html#concepts.callpolicies.introduction" title="Introduction">Introduction</a> </h3></div></div></div> <p> Models of the CallPolicies concept are used to specialize the behavior of Python callable objects generated by Boost.Python to wrapped C++ objects like function and member function pointers, providing three behaviors: </p> <div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"> <li class="listitem"> <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">precall</span></code> - Python argument tuple management before the wrapped object is invoked </li> <li class="listitem"> <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">result_converter</span></code> - C++ return value handling </li> <li class="listitem"> <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">postcall</span></code> - Python argument tuple and result management after the wrapped object is invoked </li> <li class="listitem"> <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">extract_return_type</span></code> - metafunction for extracting the return type from a given signature type sequence </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="section"> <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"> <a name="concepts.callpolicies.callpolicies_composition"></a><a class="link" href="concepts.html#concepts.callpolicies.callpolicies_composition" title="CallPolicies Composition">CallPolicies Composition</a> </h3></div></div></div> <p> In order to allow the use of multiple models of CallPolicies in the same callable object, Boost.Python's CallPolicies class templates provide a chaining interface which allows them to be recursively composed. This interface takes the form of an optional template parameter, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Base</span></code>, which defaults to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">default_call_policies</span></code>. By convention, the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">precall</span></code> function of the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Base</span></code> is invoked after the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">precall</span></code> function supplied by the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">outer</span></code> template, and the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">postcall</span></code> function of the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Base</span></code> is invoked before the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">postcall</span></code> function of the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">outer</span></code> template. If a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">result_converter</span></code> is supplied by the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">outer</span></code> template, it replaces any <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">result_converter</span></code> supplied by the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Base</span></code>. For an example, see <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">return_internal_reference</span></code>. </p> </div> <div class="section"> <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"> <a name="concepts.callpolicies.concept_requirements"></a><a class="link" href="concepts.html#concepts.callpolicies.concept_requirements" title="Concept Requirements">Concept Requirements</a> </h3></div></div></div> <div class="informaltable"><table class="table"> <colgroup> <col> <col> <col> </colgroup> <thead><tr> <th> <p> Expression </p> </th> <th> <p> Type </p> </th> <th> <p> Result/Semantics </p> </th> </tr></thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p> <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">precall</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">)</span></code> </p> </td> <td> <p> convertible to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code> </p> </td> <td> <p> returns <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">false</span></code> and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">PyErr_Occurred</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">!=</span> <span class="number">0</span></code> upon failure, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">true</span></code> otherwise. </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">P</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">result_converter</span></code> </p> </td> <td> <p> A model of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ResultConverterGenerator</span></code>. </p> </td> <td> <p> An MPL unary Metafunction Class used produce the "preliminary" result object. </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">postcall</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">r</span><span class="special">)</span></code> </p> </td> <td> <p> convertible to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">PyObject</span><span class="special">*</span></code> </p> </td> <td> <p> <code class="computeroutput"><span class="number">0</span></code> and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">PyErr_Occurred</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">!=</span> <span class="number">0</span></code> upon failure. Must "conserve references" even in the event of an exception. In other words, if <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">r</span></code> is not returned, its reference count must be decremented; if another existing object is returned, its reference count must be incremented. </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">P</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">extract_return_type</span></code> </p> </td> <td> <p> A model of Metafunction. </p> </td> <td> <p> An MPL unary Metafunction used extract the return type from a given signature. By default it is derived from <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">mpl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">front</span></code>. </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div> </div> </div> </div> <table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2002-2005, 2015 David Abrahams, Stefan Seefeld<p> Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> </p> </div></td> </tr></table> <hr> <div class="spirit-nav"> <a accesskey="p" href="index.html"><img src="../images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="index.html"><img src="../images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><img src="../images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="concepts/dereferenceable.html"><img src="../images/next.png" alt="Next"></a> </div> </body> </html>